Progress 04/01/03 to 03/31/09
Outputs
OUTPUTS: The main goals and objectives of the project have been met through the field measurements of critical eco-physiological parameters and lab simulations with computer models. The period of simulation was 18 years (1980-1997) rather than 30 years due to the limitation of the input climate data. The results focused on NJ pinelands due to the lack of flux towers in northern New Jersey for model validation. Some of the results have been published as peer-reviewed papers and were also shared with the NJ governments, such as the NJ Pinelands Commission and the NJ DEP, for state level carbon accounting. PARTICIPANTS: Yiqing Li, Juan Wang, Han Han, Zewei Miao and Nicholas Skowronski helped with field measurements and lab computer modeling. The Department of Ecology, Evolution and Natural Resources and the NJ Agricultural Experimental Station provided some funds and facilities for the project. TARGET AUDIENCES: A number of scientists and scholars from various countries have visited our field measurement sites; Three undergraduate and four graduate students used the data and model tools for their term projects. PROJECT MODIFICATIONS: Not relevant to this project.
Impacts
We used the WxBGC model to estimate the net ecosystem carbon productivity (NEP) in the NJ pinelands from 1980 to 1997. We found that the 18-yr mean NEP of the pine communities was 215 gC m-2 yr-1, which was higher than that of 201 gC m-2 yr-1for upland oak forests, 194 for gC m-2 yr-1upland oak/pine forests and 207gC m-2 yr-1for upland pine/oak forests. For wetlands, the NEP of cedar swamps was 256 gC m-2 yr-1, which was higher than that of hardwood swamps. The annual mean NEP in the New Jersey Pinelands was mainly dependent upon the land use and land cover types. Comparison of the locally parameterized WxBGC model simulations with the flux tower eddy covariance measurements revealed that the modeled annual mean NEP was within a confidence level of 95% by a Student t-test. Both prescribed burning and wildfires had a large impact on NEP. While cool season prescribed burning increased NEP for 1-2 years after the event, wildfires greatly reduced the NEP. We also simulated the impact of fire intensity on NEP and found that the annual NEP decreased from 230 gC m-2 yr-1 for the no-fire scenario to -26 gC m-2 yr-1 when the wildfire mortality rate was 50%.
Publications
- Miao, Z., Xu, M., Lathrop, R., Wang, Y. 2009. Comparison of the A_Cc curve fitting methods in determining maximum ribulose 1•5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase carboxylation rate, potential light saturated electron transport rate and leaf dark respiration, Plant, Cell & Environment 32 (2), 109-122.
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Progress 01/01/08 to 12/31/08
Outputs
OUTPUTS: I have requested an extension for the project due to the limit capacity of our computation resource. The ecosystem model, Biome-BGC, used for this project is highly demanding on computer resource. We have finished preliminary run of the model for NJ pinelands. One manuscript about the modelling results is under review. The field experiments on ecosystem carbon cycling continued in 2008. One paper based on the experiments was published early this year and two more manuscripts are under development. The final report is under preparation. PARTICIPANTS: Zewei Miao, Dept. of EENR, Rutgers University (former postdoc) Yufei Wang, Dept. of EENR, Rutgers University (Ph.D. student) TARGET AUDIENCES: Not relevant to this project. PROJECT MODIFICATIONS: Not relevant to this project.
Impacts
Greenhouse-gas-induced global warming is of much concern over the world among scientists, politicians, and common citizens due to its potential damage to our economy, environment, and welfare. Carbon dioxide (CO2) is a major greenhouse gas in the atmosphere. Atmospheric CO2 comes from two major sources: from fossil fuels and biomass through combustion, and from terrestrial ecosystems, such as forest, farmland, and grassland, through a biological process called respiration. The dual effect of the terrestrial ecosystem on atmospheric CO2 makes the terrestrial ecosystem to be either a net carbon sink or a net source. The annual emission of CO2 from the global terrestrial ecosystems is about 68 Pg C which is more than 10 times the amount of annual CO2 emissions from fossil fuel burning. Therefore, it is of vital importance to understand how the terrestrial ecosystems will respond to future global warming, which is critical to the projection of future atmospheric CO2 concentration and global temperature. The forests, especially the young forests, in New Jersey are expected to be a sizable net carbon sink, while the recently developed areas may be carbon sources.
Publications
- Miao, Z., Xu, M., Lathrop, R., Wang, Y. 2009. Comparison of the ACc curve fitting methods in determining maximum ribulose 1•5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase carboxylation rate, potential light saturated electron transport rate and leaf dark respiration, Plant, Cell & Environment 32 (2), 109-122.
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Progress 01/01/07 to 12/31/07
Outputs
OUTPUTS: We started testing the BiomeBGC model in NJ Pinelands while we continued data collections in 2007. We also continued the field measurements of stem and soil respiration at Rutgers Pineland Field Station for model validation. Some important parameters in the model need to be recalibrated. The model has been tested at a number of sites.
PARTICIPANTS: Yufei Wang
TARGET AUDIENCES: scientists, common citizens
Impacts
Greenhouse-gas-induced global warming is of much concern over the world among scientists, politicians, and common citizens due to its potential damage to our economy, environment, and welfare. Carbon dioxide (CO2) is a major greenhouse gas in the atmosphere. Atmospheric CO2 comes from two major sources: from fossil fuels and biomass through combustion, and from terrestrial ecosystems, such as forest, farmland, and grassland, through a biological process called respiration. The dual effect of the terrestrial ecosystem on atmospheric CO2 makes the terrestrial ecosystem to be either a net carbon sink or a net source. The annual emission of CO2 from the global terrestrial ecosystems is about 68 Pg C which is more than 10 times the amount of annual CO2 emissions from fossil fuel burning. Therefore, it is of vital importance to understand how the terrestrial ecosystems will respond to future global warming, which is critical to the projection of future atmospheric CO2
concentration and global temperature. The forests, especially the young forests, in New Jersey are expected to be a sizable net carbon sink, while the recently developed areas may be carbon sources.
Publications
- Xu, M. 2006. Smart chamber system in measuring gas exchanges between atmosphere and porous media (US Patent, filed by Rutgers University).
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Progress 01/01/06 to 12/31/06
Outputs
We continued data collections on soil respiration, soil temperature and moisture. We also continued the field measurements of stem respiration and soil NOx emission at Rutgers Pineland Field Station using automated chamber system. Soil respiration rate was calculated using different methods, such as mass balance of first-order differential equation, linear regression, and quadratic equation. We found that the linear model works well for closed system, while the mass-balance model is the best for half-open system. In addition, we trenched some of our plots to separate root respiration from the total soil surface CO2 efflux. We are continuing the data processing and analysis.
Impacts
Greenhouse-gas-induced global warming is of much concern over the world among scientists, politicians, and common citizens due to its potential damage to our economy, environment, and welfare. Carbon dioxide (CO2) is a major greenhouse gas in the atmosphere. Atmospheric CO2 comes from two major sources: from fossil fuels and biomass through combustion, and from terrestrial ecosystems, such as forest, farmland, and grassland, through a biological process called respiration. The major sinks for atmospheric CO2 include oceans and terrestrial ecosystems through plant photosynthesis. The dual effect of the terrestrial ecosystem on atmospheric CO2 makes the terrestrial ecosystem to be either a net carbon sink or a net source. The annual emission of CO2 from the global terrestrial ecosystems is about 68 Pg C which is more than 12 times the amount of annual CO2 emissions from fossil fuel burning. Therefore, it is of vital importance to understand how the terrestrial
ecosystems will respond to future global warming, which is critical to the projection of future atmospheric CO2 concentration and global temperature. The forests, especially the young forests, in New Jersey are expected to be a sizable net carbon sink, while the recently developed areas may be carbon sources.
Publications
- No publications reported this period
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Progress 01/01/05 to 12/31/05
Outputs
The project went well in 2005. We continued data collections on soil respiration, soil temperature and moisture. We also initiated field measurements of stem respiration and soil NOx emission at Rutgers Pineland Field Station using automated chamber system through out the year of 2005. Soil respiration rate was calculated using different methods, such as mass balance of first-order differential equation, linear regression, and quadratic equation. We found that the linear model works well for closed system, while the mass-balance model is the best for half-open system. In addition, we trenched some of our plots to separate root respiration from the total soil surface CO2 efflux. We are in the middle of processing the soil and root respiration data. Then we will test different soil respiration models before applying to the regional scale.
Impacts
Greenhouse-gas-induced global warming is of much concern over the world among scientists, politicians, and common citizens due to its potential damage to our economy, environment, and welfare. Carbon dioxide (CO2) is a major greenhouse gas in the atmosphere. Atmospheric CO2 comes from two major sources: from fossil fuels and biomass through combustion, and from terrestrial ecosystems, such as forest, farmland, and grassland, through a biological process called respiration. The major sinks for atmospheric CO2 include oceans and terrestrial ecosystems through plant photosynthesis. The dual effect of the terrestrial ecosystem on atmospheric CO2 makes the terrestrial ecosystem to be either a net carbon sink or a net source. The annual emission of CO2 from the global terrestrial ecosystems is about 68 Pg C which is more than 12 times the amount of annual CO2 emissions from fossil fuel burning. Therefore, it is of vital importance to understand how the terrestrial
ecosystems will respond to future global warming, which is critical to the projection of future atmospheric CO2 concentration and global temperature. The forests, especially the young forests, in New Jersey are expected to be a sizable net carbon sink, while the recently developed areas may be carbon sources.
Publications
- No publications reported this period
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Progress 01/01/04 to 12/31/04
Outputs
The project went well in 2004. We continued data collections on soil respiration, soil temperature and moisture. We also initiated field measurements of stem respiration and soil NOx emission at Rutgers Pineland Field Station in May of 2004. Soil respiration rate was calculated using different methods, such as mass balance of first-order differential equation, linear regression, and quadratic equation. We found that the linear model works well for closed system, while the mass-balance model is the best for half-open system. Soil CO2 emission rate has been calculated since summer of 2003. A manuscript on reporting soil respiration measurement is being developed.
Impacts
Greenhouse-gas-induced global warming is of much concern over the world among scientists, politicians, and common citizens due to its potential damage to our economy, environment, and welfare. Carbon dioxide (CO2) is a major greenhouse gas in the atmosphere. Atmospheric CO2 comes from two major sources: from fossil fuels and biomass through combustion, and from terrestrial ecosystems, such as forest, farmland, and grassland, through a biological process called respiration. The major sinks for atmospheric CO2 include oceans and terrestrial ecosystems through plant photosynthesis. The dual effect of the terrestrial ecosystem on atmospheric CO2 makes the terrestrial ecosystem to be either a net carbon sink or a net source. The annual emission of CO2 from the global terrestrial ecosystems is about 68 Pg C which is more than 12 times the amount of annual CO2 emissions from fossil fuel burning. Therefore, it is of vital importance to understand how the terrestrial
ecosystems will respond to future global warming, which is critical to the projection of future atmospheric CO2 concentration and global temperature. The forests, especially the young forests, in New Jersey are expected to be a sizable net carbon sink, while the recently developed areas may be carbon sources.
Publications
- No publications reported this period
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Progress 01/01/03 to 12/31/03
Outputs
It is too early in the life of this project.
Impacts
It is too early in the life of this project.
Publications
- No publications reported this period
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