Progress 06/01/02 to 05/31/07
Outputs
The National Atmospheric Deposition Program (NADP) provides quality assured data and information on the exposure of managed and natural ecosystems and cultural resources to acidic compounds, nutrients, base cations, and mercury in precipitation. This is made possible through cooperative support (SAES, universities, govt agencies, and NGOs) for the 251-site National Trends Network (NTN), 99-site Mercury Deposition Network (MDN), and 7-site Atmospheric Integrated Research Monitoring Network (AIRMoN). NADP data support informed decisions on air quality issues related to precipitation chemistry and are used by scientists, policymakers, educators, and the public. Data are available via the NADP Web site, which enables retrieval of individual data points, seasonal and annual averages, trend plots, concentration and deposition maps, reports, and other information. In 2002-06, the number of registered Web site users more than quadrupled from 7,319 to 32,675, and data downloads
rose 28% from an average of 50/day to 65/day. The site now receives 1.5M hits and users view 120,000 color maps a year. The NADP Web site has been featured in an NSF science and engineering report for its design and high-quality content. Over the 5-year period:1-NADP measurements demonstrated progress in reducing acidic deposition. Sulfur dioxide emissions decreased by about 33%, and NTN and AIRMoN data showed similar sulfate reductions. States receiving sulfate deposition of 20 kg/ha/yr or more decreased from 12 to one. Similarly, a 20% reduction of NOx emissions, largely in the eastern U.S., was accompanied by halving the area receiving 15-20 kg/ha/yr of nitrate deposition. 2-Ammonium increased at nearly nine of 10 NTN sites. Except for the Pacific and Gulf Coasts and mid-Atlantic states, ammonium increased by 25% or more. Although ag operations account for more than 80% of U.S. atmospheric ammonia emissions, there is no evidence that ag emissions increased by 25% over such a vast
area. NTN data show increasingly that ammonium exceeds sulfate and demonstrate the growing importance of ammonium and nitrate in affecting precipitation chemistry. 3-Forest Service scientists examined the biogeochemical cycling of nutrients in forests and reported that base cation depletion in eastern soils is due in part to long-term acidic deposition. Based on NTN data, they reported that some trees may draw more nutrients from atmospheric deposition than from bedrock, the historic source. 4-Using NADP data, scientists calculated that atmospheric deposition contributes 10%-40% of total N reaching bays and estuaries in east and Gulf coastal areas. Other studies indicate that atmospheric deposition contributes 10%-85% of mercury entering certain water bodies. 5-NADP staff partnered with American Chemical Society (ACS) staff to develop an Earth Day activity about rainwater pH. Student participation in this activity increased threefold over previous years activities, leading ACS to
award NADP a 'Salute to Excellence' for its commitment to education. 6-The NADP partnered with the Internat Ctr for 1st-Yr Undergrad Chem Ed to translate the NADP brochure, 'Nitrogen in the Nation's Rain,' into Spanish.
Impacts
In its 2005 report to Congress, the National Acid Precipitation Assessment Program cited the NADP as a 'primary air quality and atmospheric deposition monitoring program providing scientists and policymakers with robust data on the fate, transport, and deposition of air pollutants and on trends in acidic deposition and air quality in the United States.' Recent reports of the binational Air Quality Committee of the U.S. - Canada Air Quality Agreement, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, and U.S. Forest Service have accorded similar recognition to the NADP.
Publications
- Krupa, S., Bowersox, V., Claybrooke, R., Barnes, C.W., Szabo, L., Harlin, K., and Kurle, J. 2006. Introduction of Soybean Rust Spores into the Midwestern United States - A Case Study. Plant Disease. 90(9):1254-1259.
- Lambert, K.F. and Bowersox, V.C. 2002: Environmental Monitoring and National Security: Is There a Connection? EM, August 2002. pp. 17-22.
- Lehmann, C.M.B. 2004. Atmospheric Quality. In Climate Atlas of Illinois (S.A. Changnon, J.R. Angel, K.K. Kunkel, and C.M.B. Lehmann, authors). Illinois State Water Survey, Champaign, IL. pp. 153-178.
- Lehmann, C.M.B. 2006. Atmospheric Deposition to Assess Trends in Atmospheric Species. Ph.D. thesis. University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, IL. 404 pp.
- Lehmann, C.M.B. and Bowersox, V.C.. 2003. National Atmospheric Deposition Program Quality Management Plan. NADP QA Plan 2003-01. NADP Program Office, Champaign, IL. 104 pp.
- Lehmann, C.M.B., Bowersox, V.C., Larson, R.S., and Larson, S.M.. 2007. Monitoring Long-term Trends in Sulfate and Ammonium in US Precipitation: Results from the National Atmospheric Deposition Program / National Trends Network. Water, Air, and Soil Pollution: Focus, 7(1):59-66.
- National Atmospheric Deposition Program. 2005. National Atmospheric Deposition Program 2004 Annual Summary. NADP Data Report 2005-01. NADP Program Office, Champaign, IL. 16 pp.
- National Atmospheric Deposition Program. 2006. El Nitrogeno en la Lluvia Nacional. NADP Brochure 2000-01d. NADP Program Office, Champaign, IL. 13 pp.
- National Atmospheric Deposition Program. 2006. NADP 2006 - Effects of Deposition in Coastal and Urban Environments. (prepared by Douglas, K.E., J. Tester, and N. Samson) NADP Proceedings 2006-01, October 24-26, 2006, Norfolk, Virginia. NADP Program Office, Champaign, IL. 136 pp.
- National Atmospheric Deposition Program. 2006. National Atmospheric Deposition Program 2005 Annual Summary. NADP Data Report 2006-01. NADP Program Office, Champaign, IL. 16 pp.
- National Atmospheric Deposition Program. 2006. Quality Assurance Plan, Central Analytical Laboratory, 2006. (prepared by Rothert, J. and K. Harlin) NADP QA Plan 2006-01, NADP Program Office, Champaign, IL. 78 pp.
- National Atmospheric Deposition Program. 2006. Welcome to NADP. NADP Brochure 2006-01, NADP Program Office, Champaign, IL. 6 pp.
- Lehmann, C.M.B., Bowersox, V.C., and Larson, S.M. 2005. Spatial and Temporal Trends of Precipitation Chemistry in the United States, 1985-2002. Environmental Pollution, 135:347-361.
- Lehmann, C.M.B., Bowersox, V.C., and Larson, S.M. 2005. Trends in Sulfur and Nitrogen Species at Collocated NTN-CASTNet Sites (paper #1301). In Proceedings, 98th Annual Conference and Exhibition, Air & Waste Management Association, Pittsburgh, PA. 9 pp.
- Lehmann, C.M.B., Latysh, N., and Furiness, C. 2004. Discontinuation of Support for Field Chemistry Measurements in the National Atmospheric Deposition Program (NADP/NTN). NADP Data Report 2004-02. NADP Program Office, Champaign, IL. 12 pp.
- Lehmann, C.M.B., and Wetherbee, G.A. 2005. Developing Data-Quality Objectives for the National Atmospheric Deposition Program (paper #1304). In Proceedings, 98th Annual Conference and Exhibition, Air &Waste Management Association, Pittsburgh, PA. 18 pp.
- National Atmospheric Deposition Program. 2002. NADP 2002 - NADP Scientific Symposium and Technical Committee Meeting Proceedings. (prepared by Douglas, K.E. and P.S. Bedient) NADP Proceedings 2002-01, September 10-13, 2002, Seattle, WA. NADP Program Office, Champaign, IL. 119 pp.
- National Atmospheric Deposition Program. 2002. National Atmospheric Deposition Program 2001 Annual Summary. NADP Data Report 2002-01. NADP Program Office, Champaign, IL. 16 pp.
- National Atmospheric Deposition Program. 2002. Quality Assurance Plan, Central Analytical Laboratory,2002. (prepared by Rothert, J., K. Harlin, and K. Douglas) NADP CAL QA Plan 2002-01, NADP Program Office, Champaign, IL. 89 pp.
- National Atmospheric Deposition Program. 2002. Quality Assurance Report, National Atmospheric Deposition Program, 2000, Laboratory Operations, Central Analytical Laboratory. (prepared by J.E. Rothert) NADP QA Report 2002-01, NADP Program Office, Champaign, IL. 144 pp.
- National Atmospheric Deposition Program. 2003. NADP 2003 - Long-Term Monitoring: Supporting Science and Informing Policy and Ammonia Workshop. (prepared by Douglas, K.E. and P.S. Bedient) NADP Proceedings 2003-01, October 20-24, 2003, Washington, D.C. NADP Program Office, Champaign, IL. 176 pp.
- National Atmospheric Deposition Program. 2003. National Atmospheric Deposition Program 2002 Annual Summary. NADP Data Report 2003-01. NADP Program Office, Champaign, IL. 16 pp.
- National Atmospheric Deposition Program. 2004. NADP 2004 - Technical Committee Meeting and Scientific Symposium. (prepared by Douglas, K.E. and Bedient, P.S.) NADP Proceedings 2004-01, September 21-24, 2004, Halifax, Nova Scotia. NADP Program Office, Champaign, IL. 143 pp.
- National Atmospheric Deposition Program. 2004. National Atmospheric Deposition Program 2003 Annual Summary. NADP Data Report 2004-01. NADP Program Office, Champaign, IL. 16 pp.
- National Atmospheric Deposition Program. 2005. Monitoring Mercury Deposition, A Key Tool to Understanding the Link Between Emissions and Effects. NADP Brochure 2005-01. NADP Program Office, Champaign, IL. 4 pp.
- National Atmospheric Deposition Program. 2005. NADP 2005 - Science Supporting Resource Management. (prepared by Douglas, K.E. and P.S. Bedient) NADP Proceedings 2005-01, September 27-30, 2005, Jackson, Wyoming. NADP Program Office, Champaign, IL. 152 pp.
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Progress 10/01/05 to 09/30/06
Outputs
NRSP-3, the National Atmospheric Deposition Program (NADP) provides quality assured data and information on the exposure of managed and natural ecosystems and cultural resources to acids, nutrients, base cations, and mercury in precipitation. This is made possible through cooperative support (SAES, universities, government agencies-federal/state/local/tribal, and NGOs) for the 252-stn National Trends Network (NTN), 97-stn Mercury Deposition Network (MDN), and 7-stn Atmospheric Integrated Research Monitoring Network. NADP data are used by scientists, policy-makers, educators, and the public and are freely available via the Internet, which enables on-line retrieval of individual data points, seasonal and annual averages, trend plots, concentration and deposition maps, reports, and other information. In 2006, the number of registered Web site users rose to nearly 32,000. Data downloads numbered 23,664, an increase of 27% from 2005. The site received more than 1.4M hits,
and the number of NADP maps viewed rose by nearly 30%, topping 121,000. In the 2006 progress report on the U.S.-Canada Air Quality Agreement, NADP data were used to evaluate progress under the agreement's Acid Rain Annex. Since signing the agreement, the U.S. and Canadian governments have reduced acidic precipitation by requiring SO2 and NOx emissions reductions. Between 1991 and 2004, Canadian and U.S. SO2 emissions decreased by about 33%. At the same time NTN and AIRMoN data showed similar sulfate deposition reductions. The number of states receiving 20 kg/ha/yr or more of sulfate deposition dropped from 12 to 1. A 20% reduction of U.S. NOx emissions similarly was accompanied by halving the area receiving nitrate deposition of 15-20 kg/ha/yr. A recent analysis estimates that the benefits of these reductions greatly exceeded the costs of controls. The report states that without atmospheric deposition monitoring networks, it would be impossible to track and confirm the air quality
improvements that are taking place. 2006 highlights: 1-NADP partnered with the International Center for First-Year Undergraduate Chemistry Education to translate the NADP brochure ('Nitrogen in the Nation's Rain') into Spanish. 2-The Upper Midwest Aerospace Consortium at the Univ of ND produced a video that uses an NADP pH map to show the distribution of acid rain. This video appears in the public TV series 'Our Changing Planet,' which airs on 29 stations and is taped for delayed broadcast on 14 others. 3-NADP staff participated in the Univ. of IL Extension Service program, Environmental Stewardship Days. Approx. 250 grades 4-6 students participated in a hands-on activity in which they measured the pH of lake water, drinking water, and rain samples from NADP sites across the country. Norfolk, VA, 24-26 Oct, was the site of the 2006 scientific symposium and annual meeting, which attracted 132 participants. The symposium featured 32 talks and 35 poster papers. The highlight was a
session that addressed the importance of NADP data in quantifying the atmospheric nutrient input to coastal ecosystems. Atmospheric deposition accounts for as much as 20%-40% of the nitrogen entering some eastern estuaries.
Impacts
Testing NADP rain samples for Asian Soybean Rust (Phakopsora pachyrhizi) has proven to be a cost-effective way to track the movement of this disease. From May to September 2006, traces of DNA from the urediniospores of Asian Soybean Rust were detected and confirmed in 185 rain samples from 97 NADP sites in 27 eastern states. These data coupled with rust reports from the field will help us better understand the seasonal development and secular evolution of this disease, which has gained foothold in the United States.
Publications
- Krupa, S., V. Bowersox, R. Claybrooke, C.W. Barnes, L. Szabo, K. Harlin, and J. Kurle. 2006. Introduction of Soybean Rust Spores into the Midwestern United States - A Case Study. Plant Disease. 90(9):1254-1259.
- Lehmann, C.M.B. 2006. Atmospheric Deposition to Assess Trends in Atmospheric Species. Ph.D. thesis. University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, IL. 404 pp.
- National Atmospheric Deposition Program. 2006. El Nitrogeno en la Lluvia Nacional. NADP Brochure 2000-01d. NADP Program Office, Champaign, IL. 13 pp.
- National Atmospheric Deposition Program. 2006. NADP 2006 - Effects of Deposition in Coastal and Urban Environments. (prepared by Douglas, K.E., J. Tester, and N. Samson) NADP Proceedings 2006-01, October 24-26, 2006, Norfolk, Virginia. NADP Program Office, Champaign, IL. 136 pp.
- Davis, J.M. and J.L. Swall. 2006. An Examination of the CMAQ Simulations of the Wet Deposition of Ammonium from a Bayesian Perspective. Atmospheric Environment. 40:4562-4573.
- Hammerschmidt, C.R. and W.F. Fitzgerald. 2006. Methylmercury in Freshwater Fish Linked to Atmospheric Mercury Deposition. Environmental Science & Technology. 40:7764-7779.
- Sullivan, T.J., I.J. Fernandez, A.T. Herlihy, C.T. Driscoll, T.C. McDonnell, N.A. Nowicki, K.U. Snyder, and J.W. Sutherland. 2006. Acid-Base Characteristics of Soils in the Adirondack Mountains, New York. Soil Science Society of America. 70:141-152.
- Volk, J.A., K.B. Savidge, J.R. Scudlark, A.S. Andres, and W.J. Ullman. 2006. Nitrogen Loads through Baseflow, Stormflow, and Underflow to Rehoboth Bay, Delaware. Journal of Environmental Quality. 35:1742-1755.
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. 2006. Acid Rain Program, 2005 Progress Report (EPA-430-R-06-015). Office of Air and Radiation, Clean Air Markets Division, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. 29 pp.
- National Atmospheric Deposition Program. 2006. National Atmospheric Deposition Program 2005 Annual Summary. NADP Data Report 2006-01. NADP Program Office, Champaign, IL. 16 pp.
- National Atmospheric Deposition Program. 2006. Quality Assurance Plan, Central Analytical Laboratory, 2006. (prepared by Rothert, J. and K. Harlin) NADP QA Plan 2006-01, NADP Program Office, Champaign, IL. 78 pp.
- National Atmospheric Deposition Program. 2006. Welcome to NADP. NADP Brochure 2006-01, NADP Program Office, Champaign, IL. 6 pp.
- National Atmospheric Deposition Program. 2006. 2007 NADP CALendar. NADP Program Office, Champaign, IL. 32 pp.
- Air Quality Committee. 2006. United States - Canada Air Quality Agreement, Progress Report 2006. International Joint Commission, Washington, D.C. pp. 1-6, 65-66.
- Baron, J.S. 2006. Hindcasting Nitrogen Deposition to Determine an Ecological Critical Load. Ecological Applications. 16:433-439.
- Burns, D.A., M.R. McHale, C.T. Driscoll, and K.M. Roy. 2006. Response of Surface Water Chemistry to Reduced Levels of Acid Precipitation: Comparison of Trends in Two Regions of New York, U.S.A. Hydrological Processes. 20:1611-1627.
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Progress 10/01/04 to 09/30/05
Outputs
NRSP-3, the National Atmospheric Deposition Program (NADP) provides quality assured data and information on the exposure of managed and natural ecosystems and cultural resources to acidic compounds, nutrients, base cations, and mercury in precipitation. This is made possible through cooperative support (SAES, universities, government agencies-federal/state/local/tribal, and NGOs) for the 256-station National Trends Network (NTN), 91-station Mercury Deposition Network (MDN), and 8-station Atmospheric Integrated Research Monitoring Network. NADP data are used by scientists, policy-makers, educators, and the public and are freely available via the Internet, which enables on-line retrieval of individual data points, seasonal and annual averages, trend plots, concentration and deposition maps, reports, and other information. In 2005, the NADP Web site received 89,449 unique visitors, up 19 percent from 2004. Users retrieved 17,395 data files, an overall increase of more
than 27 percent and for MDN data more than 300 percent. About 39 percent of NADP Web site usage is for educational purposes, and the balance is for research. NADP data are a resource for examining the effects of emissions changes on air quality and deposition. A statistical analysis of 18-year (1985-2002) trends of NTN ammonium concentrations showed increases at 89 percent of sites. Except for the northwestern Pacific and southern Gulf coasts and the mid-Atlantic states, ammonium increased across the entire contiguous United States. Over much of this area, ammonium increases exceeded 25 percent. Although agricultural operations account for more than 80 percent of U.S. atmospheric ammonia emissions, there is no evidence for agricultural emissions to have increased by 25 percent or more over such a vast area. Instead, NTN data suggest that changes in the chemical relationships of sulfate, nitrate, and ammonium have played an important role in the ammonium deposition increases. In 2005,
NADP chemists continued to collaborate with the American Chemical Society in using acid rain as a contemporary issue that can engage students in real-world learning experiences. This effort focused on measuring rain pH in 4th to 8th grade science classes. The NADP assembled packets that included a brochure describing rain chemistry and NADP measurements, pH-measurement strips, a plastic raingage, and other materials. More than 1000 packets were distributed at 14 separate events involving elementary and middle school science teachers. Jackson, WY, was the site of the 2005 scientific symposium and annual NRSP-3 Technical Committee meeting, 27-30 Sep. The symposium and meeting attracted 116 participants. The symposium featured 38 presentations and 41 poster papers. The highlight was a session and panel discussion on uses of atmospheric deposition data to evaluate chemical loads in sensitive ecosystems, particularly high-elevation forests, National Parks, and refuges. The symposium
followed more than a day of NADP committee and subcommittee meetings, during which the Technical Committee approved two new electronic precipitation gages as replacements for the mechanical recording gage in use since 1978.
Impacts
During the 2005 growing season (May-November), DNA from soybean rust (Phakopsora pachyrizi) spores was detected in 83 NADP samples from 23 eastern U.S. states and the Virgin Islands, demonstrating that NADP samples can be used to identify rain events where spores were deposited, possibly leading to soybean rust infection.
Publications
- Lehmann, C.M.B., Bowersox, V.C., and Larson, S.M. 2005. Spatial and Temporal Trends of Precipitation Chemistry in the United States, 1985-2002. Environmental Pollution, 135:347-361.
- Lehmann, C.M.B., Bowersox, V.C., and Larson, S.M. 2005. Trends in Sulfur and Nitrogen Species at Collocated NTN-CASTNet Sites (paper #1301). In Proceedings, 98th Annual Conference and Exhibition, Air & Waste Management Association, Pittsburgh, PA. 9 pp.
- Lehmann, C.M.B., and G.A. Wetherbee. 2005. Developing Data-Quality Objectives for the National Atmospheric Deposition Program (paper #1304). In Proceedings, 98th Annual Conference and Exhibition, Air &Waste Management Association, Pittsburgh, PA. 18 pp.
- National Atmospheric Deposition Program. 2005. Monitoring Mercury Deposition, A Key Tool to Understanding the Link Between Emissions and Effects. NADP Brochure 2005-01. NADP Program Office, Champaign, IL. 4 pp.
- National Atmospheric Deposition Program. 2005. NADP 2005 - Science Supporting Resource Management. (prepared by Douglas, K.E. and P.S. Bedient) NADP Proceedings 2005-01, September 27-30, 2005, Jackson, Wyoming. NADP Program Office, Champaign, IL. 152 pp.
- National Atmospheric Deposition Program. 2005. National Atmospheric Deposition Program 2004 Annual Summary. NADP Data Report 2005-01. NADP Program Office, Champaign, IL. 16 pp.
- National Atmospheric Deposition Program. 2005. 2006 NADP CALendar. NADP Program Office, Champaign, IL. 32 pp.
- Chalmers, A., Nilles, M.A., Krabbenhoft, D.P., and Prestbo, E. 2005. Analysis of Mercury Wet-Deposition Data Collected with a Newly Designed Sampler, Boston, Massachusetts Metropolitan Area, 2002-04 (Open-File Report 2005-1368). U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, VA. 24 pp.
- Environment Canada. 2005. 2004 Canadian Acid Deposition Science Assessment - Summary of Key Results. Environment Canada, Downsview, Ontario, Canada. 32 pp.
- Galloway, J.N., Dentener, F.J., Capone, D.G., Boyer, E.W., Howarth, R.W., Seitzinger, S.P., Asner, G.P., Cleveland, C.C., Green, P.A., Holland, E.A., Karl, D.M., Michaels, A.F., Porter, J.H., Townsend, A.R.,and Vorosmarty, C.J. 2005. Nitrogen Cycles: Past, Present, and Future. Biogeochemistry. 70: 153-226.
- Mason, R.P., Abbott, M.L., Bodaly, R.A., Bullock, O.R., Jr., Driscoll, C.T., Evers, D., Lindberg, S.E., Murray, M., and Swain, E.B. 2005. Monitoring the Response to Changing Mercury Deposition. Environmental Science &Technology. January 1, 2005: 15A-22A.
- Pearson Education, Inc. 2005. Acid Precipitation. In Essential Environment, the Science behind the Stories (S. Brennan and J. Withgott). Pearson Education, Inc., New York, NY. pp. 200-203.
- Porter, E., Blett, T., Potter, D.U., and Huber, C. 2005. Protecting Resources on Federal Lands: Implications of Critical Loads for Atmospheric Deposition of Nitrogen and Sulfur. BioScience. 55: 603-612.
- Stensland, G.J. and Williams, A.L. 2005. Atmospheric Deposition of Deicing Salt Applied to Highways in the Southwest Chicago Area (paper #1350). In Proceedings, 98th Annual Conference and Exhibition, Air &Waste Management Association, Pittsburgh, PA. 25 pp.
- United States Department of Agriculture Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service. 2005. A Coordinated Framework for Soybean Rust Surveillance, Reporting, Prediction, Management and Outreach. See http://www.aphis.usda.gov/ppq/ep/soybean_rust/coordfram041405.pdf. 42 pp.
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Progress 10/01/03 to 09/30/04
Outputs
NRSP-3, the National Atmospheric Deposition Program (NADP) provides quality assured data and information on the exposure of managed and natural ecosystems and cultural resources to acidic compounds, nutrients, base cations, and mercury in precipitation. This is made possible through cooperative support (SAES, universities, government agencies-federal/state/local/tribal, and NGOs) for the 261-station National Trends Network, 87-station Mercury Deposition Network, and 8-station Atmospheric Integrated Research Monitoring Network. The NADP provides the only database of precipitation chemistry measurements from across the U.S., and these data support informed decisions on air quality issues related to precipitation chemistry. NADP data are used by scientists, policy-makers, educators, and the public and are freely available via the Internet, which enables on-line retrieval of individual data points, seasonal and annual averages, trend plots, concentration and deposition
maps, reports, and other information. In 2004, the NADP Web site received 75,477 unique visitors, up 40 percent from 2003. Registered data users more than doubled and user sessions rose by nearly 90 percent. About 39 percent of NADP Web site usage is for educational purposes, and the balance is for research. Using the more than two decades of NADP data on the chemicals in precipitation, USDA-Forest Serv. scientists examined the biogeochemical processes that affect uptake, retention, and cycling of nutrients in our forests. A 2004 report states that base cation (calcium, magnesium, potassium) depletion in soils of the Northeast and Southeast is due in part to long-term exposure to acidic deposition. Certain temperate forest soils are so depleted that trees draw more of their nutrient needs from atmospheric deposition than from bedrock, the historic source. Calcium losses from red spruce needles as a result of acidic deposition makes trees more susceptible to disease, frost, and
drought. In an important new educational effort, NADP staff members partnered with the American Chemical Society (ACS) to develop an activity for the Apr. 04 ACS earth day program. Students were instructed to build a simple rain collector, measure rainwater pH, then go to the NADP Web site, where they could compare their measurements with the nearest NADP sites. Participation in 2004 ACS earth day activities tripled in comparison with 2003, prompting the ACS to award a Salute to Excellence plaque to the NADP for commitment to education. Halifax, Nova Scotia, was the site of the 2004 scientific symposium and NRSP-3 Technical Committee meeting, 21-24 Sep. With partial support from Environment Canada, the symposium and meeting attracted 114 participants and featured 37 presentations and 29 poster papers. The theme of the symposium was the recovery of U.S. and Canadian aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems from sulfur emissions reductions and decreased sulfate deposition. The symposium
followed more than a day of NADP committee meetings. During its annual meeting, the Technical Committee let stand a decision to terminate support of field chemistry measurements at NTN sites as of 31 Dec 04.
Impacts
The NADP National Tends Network was the chief source of sulfate and nitrate deposition data used in the 2004 International Joint Commission report, assessing progress under the Acid Rain Annex of the 1991 United States-Canada Air Quality Agreement to limit or reduce emissions of sulfur and nitrogen oxides.
Publications
- Stevens, C.J. Dise, N.B., Mountford, J.O., and Gowing, D.J. 2004. Impact of nitrogen deposition on the species richness of grasslands. Science. 303: 1876-1879.
- Lehmann, C.M.B. 2004. Atmospheric Quality. In Climate Atlas of Illinois (S.A. Changnon, J.R. Angel, K.K. Kunkel, and C.M.B. Lehmann, authors). Illinois State Water Survey, Champaign, IL. pp. 153-178.
- Lehmann, C.M.B., Bowersox, V.C., and Larson, S.M. 2004. Spatial and Temporal Trends of Precipitation Chemistry in the United States, 1985-2002 (paper #546). In Proceedings, 97th Annual Conference and Exhibition, Air &Waste Management Association, Pittsburgh, PA. 18 pp.
- Lehmann, C.M.B., Latysh, N., and Furiness, C. 2004. Discontinuation of Support for Field Chemistry Measurements in the National Atmospheric Deposition Program (NADP/NTN). NADP Data Report 2004-02. NADP Program Office, Champaign, IL. 12 pp.
- National Atmospheric Deposition Program. 2004. NADP 2004 - Technical Committee Meeting and Scientific Symposium. (prepared by Douglas, K.E. and Bedient, P.S.) NADP Proceedings 2004-01, September 21-24, 2004, Halifax, Nova Scotia. NADP Program Office, Champaign, IL. 143 pp.
- National Atmospheric Deposition Program. 2004. National Atmospheric Deposition Program 2003 Annual Summary. NADP Data Report 2004-01. NADP Program Office, Champaign, IL. 16 pp.
- National Atmospheric Deposition Program. 2004 2005 NADP CALendar. NADP Program Office, Champaign, IL. 32 pp.
- Selected Other Publications Burns, D.A. 2004. The effects of atmospheric nitrogen deposition in the Rocky Mountains of Colorado and southern Wyoming, USA - a critical review. Environmental Pollution. 127: 257-269.
- Campbell, J.L., et al. 2004. Input-output budgets of inorganic nitrogen for 24 forested watersheds in the northeastern United States: a review. Water, Air, and Soil Pollution. 151: 373-396.
- Cohen, M., et al. 2004. Modeling the atmospheric transport and deposition of mercury to the Great Lakes. Environmental Research. 95(3): 247-265
- International Joint Commission. 2004. United States-Canada Air Quality Agreement Progress Report 2004. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Air and Radiation, Washington, DC. 44 pp.
- Latysh, N. and Gordon, J. 2004. Investigation of differences between field and laboratory pH measurements of National Atmospheric Deposition Program/National Trends Network Precipitation Samples. Water, Air, and Soil Pollution. 154: 249-270.
- Norton, S.A., Fernandez, I.J., Kahl, J.S., and Reinhardt, R.L. 2004. Acidification trends and the evolution of neutralization through time at the Bear Brook Watershed in Maine (BBWM), U.S.A. Water, Air and Soil Pollution: Focus. 4: 289-310.
- South Florida Water Management District. 2004. Mercury Monitoring, Research and Environmental Assessment. In: 2004 Everglades Consolidated Report. South Florida Water Management District, West Palm Beach, FL. Chapter 2B and Appendix 2B-5.
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Progress 10/01/02 to 09/30/03
Outputs
NRSP-3, the National Atmospheric Deposition Program (NADP) provides quality assured data and information on the exposure of managed and natural ecosystems and cultural resources to acidic compounds, nutrients, base cations, and mercury in precipitation. This is made possible through cooperative support (SAES, universities, government agencies-federal/state/local/tribal, and NGOs) for the 252-station National Trends Network, 78-station Mercury Deposition Network, and 9-station Atmospheric Integrated Research Monitoring Network. The NADP provides the only database of precipitation chemistry measurements from across the United States, and these data support informed decisions on air quality issues related to precipitation chemistry. NADP data are used by scientists, policy-makers, educators, and the public and are freely available via the Internet (nadp.sws.uiuc.edu), which enables on-line retrieval of individual data points, seasonal and annual averages, trend plots,
concentration and deposition maps, reports, and other information. In FY03, the NADP Internet site received 68,075 unique visitors (up 46 percent) and user sessions rose by nearly 64 percent. This site now regularly receives more than 1.5 million hits per year. About 40 percent of NADP Internet usage is for educational purposes, and the balance is for research. In a recent report, the USEPA described NADP as providing one of two key data sets used to assess the effectiveness of the 1990 Clean Air Act (CAA). In particular, the USEPA used NADP sulfate and nitrogen (nitrate plus ammonium) maps to describe current deposition rates and compared 2000 and 1990 average sulfate deposition to demonstrate that sulfate has decreased nearly 30 percent, which is consistent with CAA-related sulfur dioxide emissions reductions. New legislation under consideration would expand the CAA emissions cap-and-trade program to nitrogen oxide and mercury emissions. Proponents of this legislation cite the
cost-effectiveness of the current cap-and-trade program and its demonstrated success in reducing acid deposition, as monitored by the NADP. The NADP Program Office participated in the University of Illinois Ag Extension Service program, Environmental Stewardship Week, designed to engage elementary school students in hands-on learning activities in the environmental sciences. Staff members led a learning activity that focused on air pollution, acid rain, and water quality. Students measured the pH of selected household chemicals, water from a central IL lake, and NADP rain samples. Approximately 100 5th and 6th grade students participated in the activity. The NRSP-3 Technical Committee held its annual meeting in Washington, D.C., followed by an ammonia workshop, jointly sponsored with the Chesapeake Bay Program. At this meeting, NADP celebrated its 25th anniversary and attracted 163 registrants. A one-and-a-half day symposium, addressing how long-term monitoring supports science and
informs policy, followed regular meetings of NADP committees and subcommittees. The ammonia workshop offered a forum for presenting the latest information on ammonia measurements, modeling, and policy-relevant topics.
Impacts
Measurements of hydrogen and oxygen isotopes in precipitation samples from 80 National Atmospheric Deposition Program (NADP) sites have been provided to the World Meteorological Organization database of Global Network for Isotopes in Precipitation, which scientists from around the world use to study surface and groundwater hydrology, plant-water interactions, and climate and paleoclimate processes.
Publications
- Lehmann, C.M.B. and Bowersox, V.C.. 2003. National Atmospheric Deposition Program Quality Management Plan. NADP QA Plan 2003-01. NADP Program Office, Champaign, IL. 104 pp.
- NADP. 2003. NADP 2003 - Long-Term Monitoring: Supporting Science and Informing Policy and Ammonia Workshop. (prepared by Douglas, K.E. and P.S. Bedient) NADP Proceedings 2003-01, October 20-24, 2003, Washington, D.C. NADP Program Office, Champaign, IL. 176 pp.
- NADP. 2003. National Atmospheric Deposition Program 2002 Annual Summary. NADP Data Report 2003-01. NADP Program Office, Champaign, IL. 16 pp.
- NADP. 2003. 2004 CALendar. NADP Program Office, Champaign, IL. 30 pp.
- Bowersox, V.C. 2003. Sources and Receptors. IN: Acid Rain: Are the Problems Solved? American Fisheries Society, Bethesda, MD. pp. 47-57.
- Driscoll, C.T., et al. 2003. Nitrogen Pollution: From the Sources to the Sea.. Hubbard Brook Research Foundation. Science Links Publication. Vol. 1, no. 2.
- Dayan, U. and Lamb, D. 2003. Meteorological indicators of summer precipitation chemistry in central Pennsylvania. Atmospheric Environment. 37:1045-1055.
- Fenn, M.E., Baron, J.S., Allen, E.B., Rueth, H.M., Nydick, K.R., Geiser, L., Bowman, W.D., Sickman, J.O., Meixner, T., Johnson, D.W., and Neitlich, P. 2003. Ecological effects of nitrogen deposition in the Western United States. BioScience. 53:404-420.
- Galloway, J.N., Aber, J.D., Erisman, J.W., Seitzinger, S.P., Howarth, R.W., Cowling, E.B., and Cosby, J. 2003. The Nitrogen Cascade. BioScience. 53(4):341-356.
- Gordon, J.D., Latysh, N.E., Lindholm, S.J. 2003. External Quality-Assurance Results for the National Atmospheric Deposition Program / National Trends Network, 1997-99 (Water Resources Investigation Report 03-4027). U.S. Geological Survey, Denver, CO. 81 pp.
- Seigneur, C., Karamchandani, P., Vijayaraghavan, K., Lohman, K., Shia, R., and Levin, L. 2003. On the effect of spatial resolution on atmospheric mercury modeling. The Science of the Total Environment. 304:73-81.
- Tennessee Valley Authority. 2003. How clean is the air? TVA, Knoxville, TN. 29 pp.
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. 2003. Response of Surface Water Chemistry to the Clean Air Act Amendments of 1990 (EPA 620/R-03/001). U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC 91 pp.
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Progress 06/01/02 to 12/31/02
Outputs
NRSP-3, the National Atmospheric Deposition Program (NADP) provides quality assured data and information on the exposure of managed and natural ecosystems and cultural resources to acidic compounds, nutrients, base cations, and mercury in precipitation. This is made possible through cooperative support (SAES, universities, government agencies-federal/state/local/tribal, and NGOs) for the 250-station National Trends Network, 70-station Mercury Deposition Network, and 10-station Atmospheric Integrated Research Monitoring Network. The NADP provides the only nationwide database of precipitation chemistry in the United States today, and these data support informed decisions on air quality issues related to precipitation chemistry. NADP data are used by scientists, policy-makers, educators, and the public and are freely available via the Internet (nadp.sws.uiuc.edu). In 2002 the site received 46,561 unique visitors, an increase of 8.6 percent over 2001, and user sessions
rose by nearly 23 percent to 134,287. This site now regularly receives more than a million hits per year or more than 4.5 times as many as in 1998, when site usage was first tracked. The number of data files downloaded from the NADP Internet site now exceeds 20,000 per year, or 1.8 times higher than in 1998. In 2002 users viewed 95,425 color-contour concentration and deposition maps, an increase of 8 percent over 2001. A feature article on environmental monitoring and national security suggested that the NADP could assist in a national surveillance system for biological, chemical, or radiological agents spread by terrorists. The NADP has previous experience in tracking disasters. In April and May 1986, the NADP provided samples that could be used to map the spread of the radioactive fallout from the Chernobyl nuclear accident. The NADP has more than 300 monitoring stations, an efficient communications network, and a management infrastructure that stand ready to help, if called on to
assist in the nation's homeland security efforts. In 2002, the NADP Program Office contributed to the University of Illinois Extension Service's program, Environmental Stewardship Week. This event engages elementary school students in active learning centers where they participate in hands-on learning experiences on environmental science topics. NADP staff members ran a learning center that dealt with the pH of household chemicals compared with water from a nearby lake and an acid rain sample from the NADP network. This is an ongoing program with annual events. Approximately 1200 children participated. In September 2002, 82 registrants attended the NADP Technical Committee meeting in Seattle, Washington. A two-day scientific symposium followed NADP committee and subcommittee meetings. Fifty papers were presented at the symposium, which covered a range of topics, including mercury in air and precipitation, stable isotope measurements, changes in clean air legislation, trends, and
Western Regional atmospheric deposition issues. A special issue of the journal Atmospheric Environment featured nine papers presented at the 2000 NADP meeting in Saratoga Springs, NY.
Impacts
In 2002, NADP data were used to demonstrate how sulfur dioxide emissions reductions under the 1990 Clean Air Act Amendments have reduced sulfate in precipitation and how long-term high-quality measurements, such as NADP data, can be used to gage the effects of new sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxides, and mercury emissions reductions, which have been proposed under the Clear Skies Act sent to Congress by the U.S. President.
Publications
- Bullock, O.R., JR., and Brehme, K.A. 2002. Atmospheric mercury simulation using the CMAQ model: formulation description and analysis of wet deposition results. Atmospheric Environment. 36:2135-2146.
- Campbell, D.H., Kendall, C., Chang, C.Y., Silva, S.R., and Tonnessen, K.A. 2002. Pathways for nitrate release from an alpine watershed: determination using delta 15-N and delta 18-O. Water Resources Research. 38(5): 10.1029/2001WR000294.
- Gilliland, A.B., Butler, T.J., and Likens, G.E. 2002. Monthly and annual bias in weekly (NADP/NTN) versus daily (AIRMoN) precipitation chemistry data in the eastern USA. Atmospheric Environment. 36:5197-5206.
- Grant, R.H., and Scheeringa, K.L. 2002. Estimating climate effects on the atmospheric contribution to the potential available inorganic nitrogen in eastern United States soils. Atmospheric Environment. 36:1611-1618.
- Hames, R.S., Rosenberg, K.V., Lowe, J.D., Barker, S.E.,and Dhondt, A.A.. 2002. Adverse effects of acid rain on the distribution of the wood thrush Hylocichla mustelina in North America. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 99(17): 11235-11240.
- Lambert, K.F., and Bowersox, V.C. 2002. Environmental monitoring and national security: Is there a connection? EM. August 2002: 17-22.
- Paerl, H.W. 2002. Connecting atmospheric nitrogen deposition to coastal eutrophication. Environmental Science & Technology. August 1, 2002:323A- 326A.
- Rodhe, H. Dentener, F., and Schulz, M. 2002. The global distribution of acidifying wet deposition. Environmental Science & Technology. 36:4382-4388.
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. 2002. State of the Waters 2002, Region 5 (EPA 905-R-02-007). U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Region 5, Chicago, IL. 42 pp.
- NADP. 2002. NADP 2002 - NADP Scientific Symposium and Technical Committee Meeting Proceedings. (prepared by Douglas, K.E. and P.S. Bedient) NADP Proceedings 2002-01, September 10-13, 2002, Seattle, WA. NADP Program Office, Champaign, IL. 119 pp.
- NADP. 2002. National Atmospheric Deposition Program 2001 Annual Summary. NADP Data Report 2002-01. NADP Program Office, Champaign, IL. 16 pp.
- NADP. 2002. Quality Assurance Plan, Central Analytical Laboratory,2002. (prepared by Rothert, J., K. Harlin, and K. Douglas) NADP CAL QA Plan 2002-01, NADP Program Office, Champaign, IL. 89 pp.
- NADP. 2002. Quality Assurance Report, National Atmospheric Deposition Program, 2000, Laboratory Operations, Central Analytical Laboratory. (prepared by J.E. Rothert) NADP QA Report 2002-01, NADP Program Office, Champaign, IL. 144 pp.
- NADP. 2002. 2003 CALendar. NADP Program Office, Champaign, IL. 30 pp.
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