Progress 10/01/02 to 09/30/09
Outputs
OUTPUTS: Selected parents were used in an average of 350 hybrid combinations/yr of the project involving parental lines that exhibit superior nutritional quality, effective resistance to virulence prevalent in the crown rust (CR) and stem rust (SR) populations in ND, and superior agronomic performance. Resulting populations were advanced via single-seed descent accompanied by seedling CR and stem SR screening to eliminate plants susceptible to critical stem and crown rust races from the populations and bulk F4 populations were evaluated in the field plots for disease resistance and agronomic characteristics. Selected F4 panicles were harvested and approximately 17,000 F4:5 lines were evaluated annually resulting in approximately 2000 F6 lines/yr evaluated in unreplicated augmented trials at one location and 450 lines/yr evaluated in replicated preliminary yield trials at 2 locations. Each year approx. 150 lines were evaluated in multi-location replicated advanced yield trials and 11 lines were entered in the Tri State Oat Nursery, 12 elite experimental lines were evaluated at 10 ND locations in Oat Variety Trials (OVT), and 6 lines were entered in the Uniform Midseason Oat Performance Nursery (UMOPN). During the past 3 years, ND030365 and ND030349 ranked 1 and 2 respectively for grain yield in the UMOPN. Recent selections include advanced lines with 25% greater groat beta-glucan (BG) concentration than HiFi, the cultivar currently producing the greatest BG concentration. Five cultivars, Beach (2003), Stark (2002), Maida (2005), Souris (2006), and Rockford (2008) were released in the US and two forage cultivars, Drover and Dawson were released in Australia since 2002. Graduate student (GRA) research identified a linkage relationship between crown rust resistance (CRR) in Morton and pg-a stem rust resistance (SRR) that confers resistance to SR race NA67 and identified a recombinant plant (RCRSR) with SRR linked with CRR so that all CRR progeny are also SRR. Progeny of a RCRSR plant was used as a parent and crossed with Maida to develop lines with the Morton-type CRR, pg-a SRR, and Pc-68 CRR derived from Maida. Other GRA research determined that SRR derived from Amagalon is conferred by dominant-suppression epitasis requiring one dominant and one recessive gene and explained inheritance of SRR in ND030349 and ND030365 which exhibit excellent SR and CR resistance and performed well enough agronomically in ND and regional trials to be considered for release as cultivars. Selected lines with 4 new sources of CRR derived from A. sterilis were used as parents and crossed and backcrossed with desirable agronomic lines to produce resistant agronomically acceptable lines. Collaboration with Dr. Dwain Meyer identified genetic differences in forage quality among oat genotypes and provided fundamental information for improving forage quality of oat cultivars as well as providing forage quality information to growers using oats as a forage crop. The 2006 American Oat Workers Conf. was hosted in Fargo by the NDSU oat research group with over 100 domestic & international participants. One MS and one PhD student completed degrees and one PhD student is being trained. PARTICIPANTS: Principal Investigator - Michael McMullen. Agricultural Research Technician III - Robert Baumann. Hourly labor - Jacob Loegering, Danielle Fiebelkorn, Jeffery Baumann. Partner Organizations: PepsiCo/Quaker Inc., University of Minnesota, South Dakota State University, University of Illinois, University of Saskatchewan, Pacific Seeds, Ltd., Australia, Collaborators and contacts: Dr. Douglas Doehlert, USDA-ARS, Fargo - collaborates on research involving oat milling and nutritional quality. Dr. Deon Stuthman, University of Minnesota, St.Paul, MN - cooperates in evaluating advanced breeding lines from ND in replicated yield trials and crown rust and smut disease rating. Lon Hall, Dept. Plant Sciences, SDSU - cooperates in evaluating advanced breeding lines from ND in replicated yield trials. Dr. Fred Kolb, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL - cooperates in evaluating advanced ND breeding lines for barley yellow dwarf reaction in replicated trials. Dr. Brian Rossnagel, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK - collaborates exchange of advanced yield trials to provide more testing environments and facilitate germplasm exchange. Dr. Jennifer Mitchell-Fetch, Agriculture Agri-foods Canada, Winnipeg, MB. Dr. James Chong, Agriculture Agrifoods Canada, Winnipeg MB. Dr. J.M. Bonnman, USDA-ARS, Aberdeen ID - coordinates nursery to evaluate partial crown rust resistance at 6 US locations. Dr. Eric Jackson, USDA-ARS, Aberdeen ID - coordinates AFRI oat mapping project. Dr. Don Obert, USDA-ARS, Aberdeen ID - coordinates the Coop Naked Oat Trial. Dr. Dwain Meyer, Dept. Plants Sciences, NDSU - collaborates in forage evaluation of oat lines. Peter Stuart, Pacific Seeds Ltd., Towoomba, Qld. Australia. Dr. Stephen Harrison, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA cooperates in evaluation of breeding lines for stem rust and crown rust resistance. Bruce Roskens, Pepsico/Quaker, Chicago, IL. Dr. Art McElroy, Phytogene Resources, Inc., Orleans, Ontario. TARGET AUDIENCES: Oat growers in northern US and southern Canada. Livestock producers with interest in feed and forage quality. Processors of oats for animal feed, particularly racehorse quality oat processors. Processors of oats for human consumption. Consumers of oats for human nutrition, particularly those interested in the health benefits of oat products. PROJECT MODIFICATIONS: Nothing significant to report during this reporting period.
Impacts
The soluble fiber or beta-glucan (BG) concentration in oat food products is directly related to the human health benefits provided by these products. The health benefits include reduced blood serum cholesterol levels, improved balance of HDL (good) to LDL (bad) cholesterol and moderation of glucose metabolism. The oat cultivar, HiFi, developed at NDSU produces approximately 1.5 times the groat BG concentration than occurs in cultivars currently used to produce oat food products and is allowing production of unique oat food products that exhibit superior nutritional health benefits. The oat milling industry continues to increase its utilization of HiFi to produce food products that confer superior health benefits to human consumers. The availability of HiFi stimulated production of specific oat products that provide increased health benefits yet do not require increased caloric intake. Regular consumption of oat products derived from HiFi should have a positive impact on human health problems such as hypercholesterolemia, hyperglycemia, and obesity. Advanced breeding lines evaluated in recent trials exhibit superior nutritional quality relative to HiFi as well as improved agronomic performance and milling quality. Cultivars and germplasm with improved resistance to stem rust, crown rust and barley yellow dwarf tolerance provide growers with greater stability of the oat crop both in terms of yield and quality and provide germplasm sources for other oat breeding programs nationally and internationally. Cultivars released by NDSU in the US since 2002 include: Beach a high test weight, high yield, white hull cultivar well-adapted to western regions of ND that is well-suited for the premium racehorse oat market. Stark a high yielding naked cultivar with crown and stem rust resistance (CRR and SRR that provides excellent forage quality and yield. Maida a high yielding cultivar with high milling yield and resistance to SR NA67. CRR of Maida conferred by Pc-68 became ineffective soon after release. Souris a high yielding cultivar with good milling characteristics that has excellent CR protection and good lodging resistance. Rockford an exceptionally high yielding cultivar with test weight that exceeds all other cultivars in ND trials and provides excellent CRR and lodging resistance.
Publications
- Doehlert, D. C., Wiesenborn, D. P., McMullen, M. S., Ohm, J. -B., and Riveland, N. R. 2009. Effects of impact dehuller rotor speed on dehulling characteristics of diverse oat genotypes grown in different environments. Cereal Chem. 86: 653-660.
- Doehlert, D. C., Ohm, J. -B., McMullen, M. S., and Riveland, N. R. 2009. Theoretical and empirical relationships between oat test weight and groat percentage. Cereal Chem. 86: 239-246.
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Progress 10/01/07 to 09/30/08
Outputs
OUTPUTS: Selected parents were used in 274 hybrid combinations involving parental lines that exhibit superior nutrional quality, effective resistance to virulence prevalent in the crown rust and stem rust populations in ND, and superior agronomic performance. 358 F2:3 populations were advanced via single seed descent accompanied by seedling crown rust and stem rust screening to eliminate plants susceptible to critical stem and crown rust races from the populations. 335 bulk F4 populations were evaluated in the field plots for disease resistance and agronomic characteristics and individual selected panicles were harvested. 18,000 F5 and 2,100 F6 lines were evaluated in unreplicated augmented trials at one location. 400 lines were evaluated in replicated preliminary yield trials at 2 locations. 161 lines were evaluated at 4 locations in advanced yield trials. Ten lines were entered in the Tri-State Oat Nursery, 14 elite experimental lines were evaluated at 8 ND locations in Oat Variety Trials (OVT), and 6 lines were entered in the Uniform Midseason Oat Performance Nursery (UMOPN). Progeny of a recombinant plant that possesses a component of pg-a stem rust resistance closely linked with a factor conferring crown rust resistance in Morton was used as a parent to develop lines with the Morton type crown rust resistance, pg-a stem rust resistance, and Pc-68 crown rust resistance. Plants identified with this combination were subsequently used as parents to combine these sources with Amagalon crown rust resistance and progeny were evluated in the F2 in the field and F3 plants exhibiting the favorable resistance combination were advanced in the greenhouse. Selected lines with 4 new sources of crown rust resistance derived from A. sterilis and barley yellow dwarf tolerance derived from and Illinois line were included as parents for the 2008 crossing cycle and F2 progeny were evaluated. PARTICIPANTS: Principal Investigator - Michael McMullen. Agricultural Research Technician III - Robert Baumann. Research Associate - Melissa Huhn. Hourly labor - Jacob Loegering, Danielle Fiebelkorn, Jeffery Baumann. Partner Organizations: PepsiCo/Quaker, Inc.; University of Minnesota; South Dakota State University; University of Illinois; University of Saskatchewan; Pacific Seeds, Ltd., Australia. Collaborators and contacts: Dr. Douglas Doehlert, USDA-ARS, Fargo - collaborates on research involving oat milling and nutritional quality. Dr. Deon Stuthman, University of Minnesota, St.Paul, MN - cooperates in evaluating advanced breeding lines from ND in replicated yield trials and crown rust and smut disease rating. Lon Hall, Dept. Plant Sciences, SDSU - cooperates in evaluating advanced breeding lines from ND in replicated yield trials. Dr. Fred Kolb, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL - cooperates in evaluating advanced ND breeding lines for barley yellow dwarf reaction in replicated trials. Dr. Brian Rossnagel, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK - collaborates exchange of advanced yield trials to provide more testing environments and facilitate germplasm exchange. Dr. Jennifer Mitchell-Fetch, Agriculture Agri-foods Canada, Winnipeg, MB. Dr. James Chong, Agriculture Agrifoods Canada, Winnipeg MB. Dr. J.M. Bonnman, USDA-ARS, Aberdeen ID - coordinates nursery to evaluate partial crown rust resistance at 6 US locations. Dr. Don Obert, USDA-ARS, Aberdeen ID - coordinates the Coop Naked Oat Trial. Dr. Dwain Meyer, Dept. Plants Sciences, NDSU - collaborates in forage evaluation of oat lines. Peter Stuart, Pacific Seeds Ltd., Towoomba, Qld. Australia. Dr. Stephen Harrison, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge LA - cooperates in evaluation of breeding lines for stem rust and crown rust resistance. Bruce Roskens, Pepsico/Quaker, Chicago, IL. Dr. Art McElroy, Phytogene Resources, Inc., Orleans, Ontario. TARGET AUDIENCES: Oat growers in northern USA and southern Canada. Livestock producers with interest in feed and forage quality. Processors of oats for animal feed, particularly racehorse quality oat processors. Processors of oats for human consumption. Consumers of oats for human nutrition, particularly those interested in the health benefits of oat products. PROJECT MODIFICATIONS: Not relevant to this project.
Impacts
The soluble fiber or beta-glucan (BG) concentration in oat food products is directly related to the human health benefits provided by these products. The health benefits include reduced blood serum cholesterol levels, improved balance of HDL (good) to LDL (bad) cholesterol and moderation of glucose metabolism. The oat cultivar, HiFi, developed at NDSU produces approximately 1.5 times the groat BG concentration that occurs in cultivars currently used to produce oat food products and is allowing production of unique oat food products that exhibit superior nutritional health benefits. The oat milling industry continues to increase its utilization of HiFi to produce food products that confer superior health benefits to human consumers. The availability of HiFi stimulated production of specific oat products that provide increased health benefits yet do not require increased caloric intake. Regular consumption of oat products derived from HiFi should have a positive impact on human health problems such as hypercholesterolemia, hyperglycemia, and obesity. New breeding lines evaluated in 2008 exhibit superior nutritional quality relative to HiFi. ND030365, ND021612, and ND020965 ranked 1, 2, and 3 respectively for grain yield in the UMOPN. HiFi, released in 2001 continued to perform very well in 2008 field production while producing grain with higher groat beta-glucan (BG) concentration than any other named cultivar. Souris, released by NDSU in 2006, produced higher 4-year mean grain yield than any named cultivar in the 2005-2008 OVT. It produced higher test weight and groat percentage and lower groat oil concentration than HiFi, all characters that should be attractive to the human food milling industry. Lines were identified in advanced yield trials that exhibit grain yield and test weight greater than HiFi and produce grain with lower groat oil, equal or higher groat BG concentration, improved milling yield, and greater groat protein concentration relative to HiFi. Five lines, ND000824, ND021612, ND030349, ND030364, and ND040250 produced higher grain yield than any other lines in the 2007 OVT except for AC Pinnacle. These lines exhibit excellent disease resistance and high test weight. ND040250 produced higher groat percentage, higher groat BG concentration, and lower groat lipid concentration than current milling cultivars. Cultivars and germplasm with improved resistance to stem rust, crown rust and barley yellow dwarf tolerance provide growers with greater stability of the oat crop both in terms of yield and quality.
Publications
- Doehlert, D.C., Jannink, J.-L., and McMullen, M.S. 2008. Size distributions of different orders of kernels within the oat spikelet. Crop Sci. 48:289-304.
- Doehlert, D.C. and McMullen, M.S. 2008. Oat grain density by sand displacement and analysis of physical composition of test weight. Cereal Chem. 85:654-659.
- Wise, M.L., Doehlert, D.C., and McMullen, M.S. 2008. Association of avenanthramide concentration in oat (Avena sativa L.) grain with crown rust incidence and genetic resistance. Cereal Chem. 85:639-641.
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Progress 10/01/06 to 09/30/07
Outputs
OUTPUTS: Selected parents were used in 359 hybrid combinations involving parental lines with effective resistance to virulence prevalent in the crown rust and stem rust populations in ND. 340 F2:3 populations were advanced via single seed descent accompanied by seedling crown rust and stem rust screening to eliminate plants susceptible to critical races from the populations. 340 bulk F4 populations were evaluated in the field plots for disease resistance and agronomic characteristics and individual selected panicles were harvested. 7,900 F5 and 2,200 F6 lines were evaluated in unreplicated augmented trials at one location. 420 lines were evaluated in replicated preliminary yield trials at 2 locations. 136 lines were evaluated at 4 locations in advanced yield trials. Ten lines were entered in the Tri-State Oat Nursery, 11 elite experimental lines were evaluated at 8 ND locations in Oat Variety Trials (OVT), and 6 lines were entered in the Uniform Midseason Oat Performance Nursery (UMOPN). 'HiFi', released in 2001 continued to perform very well in 2007 field production while producing grain with higher groat beta-glucan (BG) concentration than any other named cultivar. 'Maida', released in 2005 has resistance to stem rust race NA67 and produces grain yield and quality superior to 'AC Assiniboia'. 'Souris', released by NDSU in 2006, produced higher mean grain yield than any named cultivar in the 2007 OVT. It produced higher test weight and groat percentage and lower groat oil concentration than 'HiFi', all characters that should be attractive to the human food milling industry. Souris does not produce grain with BG a concentration as high as HiFi. Lines were identified in advanced yield trials that exhibit grain yield and test weight greater than HiFi and produce grain with lower groat oil, equal or higher groat BG concentration, improved milling yield, and greater groat protein concentration relative to HiFi. Three lines, ND000824, ND030349, and ND030364 produced higher grain yield than any other lines in the 2007 OVT. These lines exhibit excellent disease resistance and high test weight. Progeny of a recombinant plant that possesses a component of pg-a stem rust resistance closely linked with a factor conferring crown rust resistance in Morton was used as a parent to develop lines with the Morton type crown rust resistance, pg-a stem rust resistance, and Pc-68 crown rust resistance. Plants identified with this combination were subsequently used as parents to combine these sources with Amagalon crown rust resistance. Four sources of crown rust resistance derived from Avena sterilis backcrossed 3 times to an Illinois line with very high barley yellow dwarf (bydv) tolerance while selecting for crown rust resistance were used to produce 60 F4 lines that were evaluated for bydv tolerance at the University of Illinois. Lines were identified that exhibit crown rust resistance and enhanced levels of bydv tolerance. Selected lines from this material were included as parent for the 2008 crossing cycle. PARTICIPANTS: Participants: Principal Investigator - Michael McMullen Agricultural Research Technician III - Robert Baumann Graduate Research Assistant - Angela Sebelius Hourly labor - Jacob Loegering, Danielle Fiebelkorn, Jeffery Baumann Partner Organizations: PepsiCo/Quaker, Inc. University of Minnesota South Dakota State University University of Illinois University of Saskatchewan Pacific Seeds, Australia Collaborators and contacts: Dr. Douglas Doehlert, USDA-ARS, Fargo - collaborates on research involving oat milling and nutritional quality. Dr. Deon Stuthman, University of Minnesota, St.Paul, MN - cooperates in evaluating advanced breeding lines from ND in replicated yield trials and crown rust and smut disease rating. Lon Hall, Dept. Plant Sciences, SDSU - cooperates in evaluating advanced breeding lines from ND in replicated yield trials. Dr. Fred Kolb, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL - cooperates in evaluating advanced ND breeding lines for barley yellow dwarf reaction in replicated trials. Dr. Brian Rossnagel, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK - coodinates a cooperative nursery to evaluate elite breeding lines in Canada and northern US. Dr. Jennifer Mitchell-Fetch, Agriculture Agri-foods Canada, Winnipeg, MB Dr. James Chong, Agriculture Agrifoods Canada, Winnipeg MB Dr. J.M. Bonnman, USDA-ARS, Aberdeen ID - coordinates nursery to evaluate partial crown rust resistance at 6 US locations. Dr. Don Obert, USDA-ARS, Aberdeen ID - coordinates the Coop Naked Oat Trial Dr. Dwain Meyer, Dept. Plants Sciences, NDSU - collaborates in forage evaluation of oat lines. Peter Stuart, Pacific Seeds Ltd., Towoomba, Qld. Australia Dr. Stephen Harrison, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA Bruce Roskens, Pepsico/Quaker, Chicago, IL Dr. Art McElroy, Phytogene Resources, Inc., Orleans, Ontario Training and Professional Development: One Ph.D. student and one M.S. student in plant breeding completed degrees working in Oat Cultivar Improvement. TARGET AUDIENCES: Oat growers in northern US and southern Canada Livestock producers with interest in feed and forage quality Processors of oats for animal feed, particularly racehorse quality oat processors Processors of oats for human consumption Consumers of oats in human nutrition, particularly those interested in the health benefits of oat products.
Impacts
The soluble fiber or beta-glucan (BG) concentration in oat food products is directly related to the human health benefits provided by these products. The health benefits include lowering blood serum cholesterol levels, improving the balance of HDL (good) to LDL (bad) cholesterol and moderating glucose metabolism. The oat cultivar, HiFi, developed at NDSU produces approximately 1.5 times the groat BG concentration that occurs in cultivars currently used to produce oat food products. The oat milling industry is increasing its usage of HiFi to produce food products that confer superior health benefits to human consumers. The availability of HiFi stimulated production of specific oat products that provide increased health benefits yet do not require increased caloric intake. Regular consumption of oat products derived from HiFi should have a positive impact on human health problems such as hypercholesterolemia, hyperglycemia, and obesity. Cultivars and germplasm with improved resistance to stem rust, crown rust and barley yellow dwarf tolerance provide growers with greater stability of the oat crop both in terms of yield and quality.
Publications
- Doehlert, D.C., J.-L. Jannink, and M.S. McMullen. 2008. Size distributions of different orders of kernels within the oat spikelet. Crop Sci. 48:xxxx-xxxx. (in press)
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Progress 10/01/05 to 09/30/06
Outputs
North Dakota (ND) produced 86,750 metric tons of oats from 48,600 ha harvested for grain during 2005. Much of the remaining 170,000 ha planted area was harvested as oat forage due to the extreme shortage of feed in many areas. Selected parents were used in 460 hybrid combinations involving parental lines with effective resistance to virulence prevalent in the crown rust and stem rust populations in ND. 300 F2:3 populations were advanced via single seed descent accompanied by seedling crown rust and stem rust screening to eliminate plants susceptible to critical races from the populations. Nearly 15,000 F3 F5 lines were evaluated in hill plots for disease resistance and agronomic characteristics and individual panicles were harvested from selected hills. 8,500 F5 and 2,200 F6 lines were evaluated in unreplicated augmented trials at one location. 380 lines were evaluated in replicated preliminary yield trials at 2 locations. 136 lines were evaluated at 4 locations in
advanced yield trials. Ten lines were entered in the Tri State Oat Nursery, 11 elite experimental lines were evaluated at 10 ND locations in Oat Variety Trials (OVT), and 6 lines were entered in the Uniform Midseason Oat Performance Nursery (UMOPN). 'Morton' and 'HiFi', released in 2001 continued to perform very well in 2006 field production. 'Killdeer', released in 2000 produced among the highest grain yield of any genotype tested in ND OVT. 'Beach', released in 2004, continued to produce high grain yield with large white kernels and high stable test weight. 'Maida', released in 2005 has resistance to stem rust race NA67 and produces grain yield and quality superior to 'AC Assiniboia'. ND961161 was released as 'Souris' in 2006 and produced very high grain yield and test weight in 3 years of variety trials at 10 locations. Diego Vilaro, completed Ph.D. requirements and identified a recombinant plant that possesses component of pg-a stem rust resistance is closely linked in with a
factor conferring crown rust resistance in Morton. This recombinant permits development of lines with the Morton type crown rust resistance, pg-a stem rust resistance, and Pc-68 crown rust resistance. Angela Sebelius is completed M.S. research describing the inheritance of stem rust resistance derived from Amagalon. Patents: Plant Variety Protection Number:200600022, Stark Oat Date filed: 10/28/2005 Date approved:12/08/2006 Plant Variety Protection Number: 200700044, Beach Oat Date filed: 11/28/2006 Status: Application Pending
Impacts
The soluble fiber or Beta-glucan (BG) concentration in oat food products is directly related to the health benefits provided by these products. The health benefits include lowering blood serum cholesterol levels, improving the balance of HDL (good) to (bad) LDL cholesterol, and moderation of glucose metabolism. The oat cultivar, HiFi, developed at NDSU produces approximately 1.5 times the groat BG concentration that occurs in cultivars currently used to produce oat products. Use of HiFi by the milling industry is allowing production of oat products that confer superior health benefits to human consumers. Development of HiFi also stimulated production of specific oat products that provide increased health benefits while requiring lower caloric intake. Regular consumption of oat products derived from HiFi should have a positive impact on human health.
Publications
- Doehlert, D.C., J.L. Jannink, and M.S. McMullen. 2006. Kernel size variation in naked oat. Crop Science 46:1117-1123
- Doehlert, D.C., M.S. McMullen, and J.L. Jannink. 2006. Oat Grain/Groat size ratios: A physical basis for test weight. Cereal Chem. 83:114-118.
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Progress 10/01/04 to 09/30/05
Outputs
North Dakota (ND) ranked first in the nation for oat grain production, by producing 205,700 metric tons of oats from 97,200 ha harvested for grain during 2005. Approximately 57,000 ha of oats were harvested as forage. Selected parents were used in 405 hybrid combinations involving parental lines with effective resistance to virulence prevalent in the crown rust and stem rust populations in ND. 306 F2:3 populations were advanced via single seed descent accompanied by seedling crown rust and stem rust screening to eliminate susceptible plants from the populations. Nearly 20,000 F3-F5 lines were evaluated in hill plots for disease resistance and agronomic characteristics and individual panicles were harvested from selected hills. 10,500 F5 and 1,700 F6 lines were evaluated in unreplicated augmented trials at one location. 421 lines were evaluated in replicated preliminary yield trials at 2 locations. 136 lines were evaluated at 4 locations in advanced yield trials. Ten
lines were entered in the Tri State Oat Nursery, 12 elite experimental lines were evaluated at 10 ND locations in Oat Variety Trials (OVT), and 6 lines were entered in the Uniform Midseason Oat Performance Nursery (UMOPN). 'Morton' and 'HiFi', released in 2001 exhibited excellent crown rust resistance and performed very well in 2004 field production. 'Killdeer', released in 2000 produced the highest grain yield of any genotype tested in ND OVT. Stark, a naked cultivar released in 2004 exhibited a 12% grain yield advantage relative to 'Paul'. 'Beach', released in 2004, continued to produce high grain yield with large white kernels and high stable test weight. ND010264, a line resistant to stem rust race NA67 and grain yield and quality superior to 'AC Assiniboia' was released in 2005 as 'Maida'. A preliminary increase of ND961161 was made in preparation for potential release in 2007. We determined a component of pga stem rust resistance is closely linked in repulsion with a factor
conferring crown rust resistance in Morton. We also determined the gene conferring the naked character in Paul is linked in coupling with pga.
Impacts
Release of 'Maida', provides growers with a cultivar resistant to the prevalent stem rust race. HiFi provides growers with a crown rust resistant, high yielding cultivar with a 30% increase in soluble fiber concentration that increases the human nutritional value of milled oat products. A Ph.D. and a M.S. student are being trained in the Oat Breeding Project
Publications
- Chakraborty, M., K. Matkovic, D.G. Grier, E. L. Jarabek, W.A. Berzonaky, M.S. McMullen, and D.C. Doehlert. 2005. Physicochemical and functional properties of tetraploid and hexaploid waxy wheat starch. Starch 56:339-347.
- D.C. Doehlert, M.S. McMullen, J.L. Jannink, S. Panigrahi, H. Gu, and N.R. Riveland. 2005. A bimodal model for oat kernel size distributions. Can. J. Pl. Sci. 85:317-326.
- McMullen, M.S. and D.C. Doehlert. 2005. Registration of 'HiFi' Oat. Crop Sci. 45:1664
- McMullen, M.S. and D.C. Doehlert. 2005. Registration of 'Morton' Oat. Crop Sci. 45:1664-1665.
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Progress 10/01/03 to 09/30/04
Outputs
North Dakota (ND) ranked first in the nation, by producing 204,330 metric tons of oats from 89,070 ha harvested for grain during 2004 representing a 33 % decrease in grain production relative to 2003. Reduction in grain production partially resulted from increased harvest of oat forage to meet hay requirements. Selected parents were used in 290 hybrid combinations involving parental lines with effective resistance to virulence prevalent in the crown rust and stem rust populations in ND. 275 F2:3 populations were advanced via single seed descent accompanied by seedling crown rust and stem rust screening to eliminate susceptible plants from the populations. Nearly 20,000 F3 F5 lines were evaluated in hill plots for disease resistance and agronomic characteristics and individual panicles were harvested from selected hills. 8,500 F6 and 1,700 F7 lines were evaluated in unreplicated augmented trials at one location. 421 lines were evaluated in replicated preliminary yield
trials at 2 locations. 136 lines were evaluated at 4 locations in advanced yield trials. Ten lines were entered in the Tri State Oat Nursery, 14 elite experimental lines were evaluated at 9 ND locations in Oat Variety Trials (OVT), and 6 lines were entered in the Uniform Midseason Oat Performance Nursery (UMOPN). 'Morton' and 'HiFi', released in 2001 exhibited excellent crown rust resistance and performed very well in 2004 field production. 'Killdeer', released in 2000 produced the highest grain yield of any genotype tested in ND OVT. ND960736, a hulless line with 10% grain yield advantage relative to 'Paul', was named 'Stark' and released in 2004. ND951394, a high yielding line with large white kernels and high stable test weight was named 'Beach' and released in 2004. ND010264, a line resistant to stem rust race NA67 and grain yield and quality superior to 'AC Assiniboia' was increased for potential release in 2005. An M.S. student, A. Sebelius, described the genetic control of stem
rust resistance in Amagalon-derived lines. Diego Vilaro, a Ph.D. student, is determining the genetic relationship between grain oil concentration, stem rust resistance, crown rust resistance, and the naked characteristic in ND breeding lines.
Impacts
The cultivars Jerry, Paul, Whitestone, Jud, Youngs, Killdeer, Morton, and HiFI developed at NDSU are grown extensively in ND and surrounding states. Of the NDSU cultivars, Ebeltoft and Killdeer have been the highest yielding cultivars in ND Oat Yield Trials. Killdeer provides an earlier maturing high yielding cultivar for oat growers. 'Morton' and 'HiFi' were released by NDSU in 2001. HiFi produces grain yield and quality equal to the highest yielding cultivars while the grain contains about 30% greater soluble fiber concentration than cultivars that are currently grown. Because of the human health benefits resulting from consumption of soluble fiber (reduction of serum cholesterol level and moderation of glucose metabolism for diabetics), the increased soluble fiber content of HiFi will likely increase the milling industry demand for oats grown in ND. Stark, a hulless cutivare was released by NDSU in 2004. Stark produces approximately 10% higher grain yield than
'Paul' and should provide growers with a higher yielding hulless oat cutivar. 'Beach' was released by NDSU in 2004 and should provide growers in western ND with a high yielding cultivar with consistently high test weight. Germplasm developed at NDSU that provides resistance to a new virulent stem rust race (NA67) has been shared with other oat breeding programs in the region and is providing very good resistance to this race in NDSU breeding lines. The soluble fiber concentration of selected breeding lines in the NDSU program exhibit nearly a 30% increase relative to the high soluble fiber cultivar, HiFi.
Publications
- J.M. Bonman, R.D. Barnett, J.Chong, S.A. Harrison, R. Herrington, J.L. Jannink, M.S. McMullen, D.E. Obert, G. Shaner, and D.D. Stuthman. 2004. Multi-location testing to identify germplasm with partial resistance to crown rust. In: Peltonen-Saino, P. and M. Topi-Hylmi (eds) Proceedings of the 7th Intern Oat Conf, Helsinki, Finland, pp. 177-178, http://www.mtt.fi/met/pdf/met51.pdf.
- Doehlert, D.C., M.S. McMullen, and J.-L. Jannink. 2004. Oat kernel size uniformity. In: Peltonen-Saino, P. and M. Topi-Hylmi (eds) Proceedings of the 7th Intern Oat Conf, Helsinki, Finland, pp. 117, http://www.mtt.fi/met/pdf/met51.pdf.
- Doehlert, D.C., M.S. McMullen, J._L. Jannink, S.Panigrahi, H. Gu, and N.R. Riveland. 2004. Influence of oat kernel size distributions on test weight. Cereal Res. Commun. 32:135-142.
- Sebelius, A. and M.S. McMullen. 2004. Inheritance of stem rust resistance in an Amagalon-derived oat line. In: Peltonen-Saino, P. and M. Topi-Hylmi (eds) Proceedings of the 7th Intern Oat Conf, Helsinki, Finland, pp. 181, http://www.mtt.fi/met/pdf/met51.pdf.
- Doehlert, D.D., M.S. McMullen, J.-L. Jannink, S. Panigrahi, H. Gu, and N.R. Riveland. 2004. Evaluation of oat size uniformity . Crop Sci. 44:1178-1186.
- Vignaux, N., D.C. Doehlert, J. Hegstad, E. Elias, M.S. McMullen, L.A. Grant, and S.F. Kianian. 2004. Grain quality characteristics and milling performance of full and partial waxy durum lines. Cereal Chem. 81:377-383.
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Progress 10/01/02 to 09/30/03
Outputs
North Dakota (ND) produced 308,200 metric tons of oats from 145,800 ha harvested for grain during 2003 representing a 67% increase in grain production relative to 2002. ND ranked first in the nation in oat production in 2003, and remains first for the five year average in oat production. Selected parents were used in 300 hybrid combinations involving parental lines with effective resistance to virulence prevalent in the crown rust and stem rust populations in ND. 275 F2:3 populations were advanced via single seed descent accompanied by seedling crown rust and stem rust screening to eliminate susceptible plants from the populations. Nearly 24,000 F3 - F5 lines were evaluated in hill plots for disease resistance and agronomic characteristics and individual panicles were harvested from selected hills. 8,500 F6 and 1,600 F7 lines were evaluated in unreplicated augmented trials at one location. 466 lines were evaluated in replicated preliminary yield trials at 2 locations.
136 lines were evaluated at 4 locations in advanced yield trials. Ten lines were entered in the Tri State Oat Nursery, 13 elite experimental lines were evaluated at 9 ND locations in Oat Variety Trials (OVT), and 6 lines were entered in the Uniform Midseason Oat Performance Nursery (UMOPN). Morton and HiFi, released in 2001 exhibited excellent crown rust resistance and performed very well in 2003 field production. Killdeer, released in 2000 produced the highest grain yield of any genotype tested in ND OVT. ND960736, a hulless line with 10% grain yield advantage relative to Paul, was increased for release in 2004. ND951394, a high yielding line with large white kernels and high stable test weight was increased for release in 2004. Breeding populations were evaluated for resistance to stem rust race NA67 that is virulent on Pg-13, resistant lines were advanced, and many advanced resistant lines were used as parents to rapidly incorporate NA67 resistance into ND germplasm. A graduate
student determined that stem rust resistance derived from Amagalon is conferred by dominant suppression epistasis involving two genes.
Impacts
The cultivars Jerry, Paul, Whitestone, Jud, Ebeltoft, Youngs and Killdeer developed at NDSU are grown extensively in North Dakota and surrounding states. Of this group of cultivars, Ebeltoft and Killdeer have been the highest yielding cultivars in North Dakota Oat Yield Trials. Killdeer provides an earlier maturing high yielding cultivar for oat growers. Morton and HiFi were released by NDSU in 2001. Morton provides growers with a high yielding cultivar with consistently high test weigh and should facilitate production for the premium heavy white oat market thus providing growers with more profit from oat production. HiFi produces grain yield and quality equal to the highest yielding cultivars while the grain contains about 30% greater soluble fiber concentration than cultivars that are currently grown. Because of the human health benefits resulting from consumption of soluble fiber (reduction of serum cholesterol level and moderation of glucose metabolism for
diabetics), the increased soluble fiber content of HiFi will likely increase the milling industry demand for oats grown in North Dakota. Germplasm developed at NDSU that provides resistance to a new virulent stem rust race (NA67) has been shared with other oat breeding programs in the region and is providing very good resistance to this race in NDSU breeding lines.
Publications
- Bhattacharya, M., S.V. Erazo-Castrejon, D.C. Doehlert, and M.S. McMullen. 2002. Staling of bread as affected by waxy wheat flour blends. Cereal Chemistry 79:178-182.
- Doehlert, D.C., and M.S McMullen. 2003. Identification of sprout damage in oats. Cereal Chem. 80:608-612.
- Throne, J.E., Doehlert, D.C., and M.S. McMullen. 2003. Susceptibility of commercial oat cultivars to Cryptolestes pusillus and Oryzaephilus surinensis. Journal of Stored Products Research 39:213-223.
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