Progress 10/01/02 to 09/30/08
Outputs
OUTPUTS: (1) Control grazing lactating does and their kids on three varieties of tall fescue indicated that does maintained their weights on weight on MaxQ and Jessup endophyte-free, but lost weight on Kenticky31 infected fescue. Nursing kids gained slightly less on Kentuchy31 endophyte-infected fescue than on MaxQ and Jessup endophyte-free fescue (2) Control grazing replacement doelings on these same tall fescue varieties indicated that goats were losing weight on Kentucky31 while gaining similar weights on the two other varieties. Gains on MaxQ and Jessup endophyte-free fescue were adequate for replacement doelings. Replacement doelings did not graze Kentucky31 infected fescue well and left large quantities of ungrazed forage (3) Control grazing lactating does and their kids on MaxQ fescue and Persist orchard grass indicated that nursing kids gained adequately while nursing does maintained their weight (4) Spraying liquid nitrogen fertilizer on bermudagrass pastures infested with gastrointestinal parasite larvae was not effective in reducing goat worm loads, contrary to results from a similar study conducted on tall fescue pastures (5) In yearling and weanling goats drenched with copper oxide needle boluses, fecal egg counts did not provide an adequate assessment of nematode infection and packed cell volume and FAMACHA scores seem to be more reliable indicators. Hepatic copper stores increased within acceptable levels (6) Robinia pseudoacacia (RB) herbage biomass was influenced by spacing and coppice height. Growth characteristics and herbage mass production indicated that RB would be an excellent candidate as a silvopastoral component in the southeastern USA. Addition of 25 to 75% RB to hay-based diets for meat goats reduced digestibility and nitrogen retention due to high levels of hydrolyzable tannins (7) Goats showed promise as a viable long term alternative to herbicides to control Pueraria lobata, an invasive leguminous vine very high in protein and energy (8) Feeding pregnant goats free-choice minerals containing levels of copper comparable to those of cattle free-choice mineral mixes did not affect kidding rates and kid mortality. Hepatic copper stores increased, but within acceptable levels (9) Control grazing yearling does on winter annual forages indicated that annual ryegrass was superior to cereal rye and triticale (10) Control grazing adult does on a voluntary crabgrass-pigweed stand indicated that these forages can play an important role as a summer component of goat grazing systems (11) Doe kids controlled-grazed on switchgrass, gamagrass and sericea lespedeza gained more weight on the latter (12) Growing goats fed hay and soybean hulls ad lib achieved satisfactory weight gains (13) A glycosidic steroidal saponin, diosgenin, was found in switchgrass grazed by doe kids that had developed very acute cases of photosensitization. Blood serum samples had elevated levels of liver enzymes, and sacrificed kids had lesions in liver and kidneys. (14) A survey of goat producers attending a quality assurance training program indicated that producers attending these sessions had considerable concern for proper drug use and residue avoidance. PARTICIPANTS: J M. Luginbuhl NCSU Crop & Animal Science, PI J.P. Mueller NCSU Crop Science, Cooperator J.T. Green NCSU Crop Science, Cooperator K.L. Anderson NCSU Food Animal Resource Management, Cooperator T.T. Brown NCSU Food Animal Resource Management, Cooperator R. L. McCraw Animal Science, Cooperator M.H. Poore Animal Science, Cooperator Heather M. Glennon, Animal Science MS graduate student Lori Unruh-Snyder, Agronomy PhD graduate student Bianca Thompson, Animal Science MS graduate student Susan Elmore, College of Veterinary Medicine resident In-service training of NC Livestock and Forage Cooperative Extension Agents TARGET AUDIENCES: Producers, Cooperative Extension Agents, Ag. professionals, part-time farmers and retirees raising goats, Animal Science, Agronomy and Veterinary students, interns, North Carolina Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services staff North Carolina Meat Goat Association, North Carolina Dairy Goat Breeders Association, North Carolina Goat Producers, Inc. North Carolina Central Community College, Rockingham Community College Field days, producers' meetings, workshops, formal classroom instruction, extension and outreach, hands-on training PROJECT MODIFICATIONS: Not relevant to this project.
Impacts
As the raising of meat goats is becoming an alternative agricultural enterprise, results from this research project are helping meat goat producers select, adopt, and successfully implement best management practices that will achieve business, individual, and family goals related to profitability and quality of life. Research results and basic meat goat management and production guidelines were extended to the clientele through CES in-service agent trainings, field days, producers' meetings, county and association newsletters, fact sheets, state, regional and international conferences, and invited speaker engagements. In collaboration with the NCSU Meat Goat program and the Franklin County CES, the NC Meat Goat Producers Inc. was created to direct market high quality live goats or goat meat directly to consumers and area retail stores and restaurants, thus bypassing middlemen and establishing a direct link from producers to consumers, or "from pasture to plate". Interested producers had to attend a quality Assurance Certification Program to become members. Over 15 Quality Assurance Certification courses were delivered from 2002 through 2007, and over 720 farm families from 65 NC counties and 4 states have been certified. As an innovative and marketing tool, chefs from area upscale restaurants were contacted and invited to participate in a goat cook-off during the 2007 Goat and Sheep Roundup II NC conference. Each chef received a half goat carcass as a promotion. Six chefs participated in the cook-off, and brought main dishes that were first evaluated and ranked according to several criteria, the winner receiving a plaque. These goat dishes were then consumed by workshop attendees. Chefs expressed that they were interested in adding goat dishes to their menu as they are favoring locally-grown, high quality food. In addition, many attendees tasted goat meat for the first time at the event. Through collaboration with the Southern Consortium for small Ruminant Parasite Control and awards of several SARE PDP grants, integrated programs to control gastrointestinal parasites including FAMACHA, a novel approach to assess the parasite load and health status of small ruminants comparing the eye mucous membrane color with a colored chart, were developed and delivered through In-Service Agent training (Train the Trainer). Training sessions were held in all 7 NCCES districts for CES agents. 54 CES agents, 4 NCDA&CS staff, 3 NCSU faculty, 2 NCSU staff, and 1 NCDA veterinarian were certified through the program. CES agents are now training local producers in their own counties. In addition, in 2006 and 2007, Dr. Luginbuhl trained an additional 270 producers, and several new CES agents and veterinary technicians during county and farmers' meetings the Goat and Sheep Roundup I and II workshops and 22 undergraduate students in ANS 408, Small Ruminant production. Feedback from agents and producers indicate that implementation of the program tools help them control gastrointestinal parasites more effectively, decrease their health program costs, and allow them to make better culling decisions.
Publications
- Luginbuhl, J-M., J. Paul Mueller, and J. T. Green, Jr. 2006. Sistemas Agropecuarios Sostenibles para Pequegnos Productores de Cabras. IV Seminario Internacional de Agroecologia. Universidad Autonoma Chapingo. Texcoco, Mexico.
- Luginbuhl, J-M., J. P. Mueller, and J. T. Green. 2003. Fodder trees and browse for meat goats. Proc. First Annual Crissey Zoological Nutrition Symposium. Raleigh, NC.
- Luginbuhl, J-M., and S. Pietrosemoli. 2007. Utilizacion de caprinos para el control de vegetacion indeseable. Use of goats to control undesirable vegetation. Arch. Latinoam. Prod. Anim. 15:294. Invited.
- Wildeus, S, J.-M. Luginbuhl, K. E. Turner, Y. L. Nutall and J. R. Collins. 2007. Growth and carcass characteristics in goat kids fed grass and alfalfa hay-based diets with limited concentrate supplementation. Sheep & Goat Res. J. 22:15.
- Unruh Snyder, L.J., J-M. Luginbuhl, J.P. Mueller , A.P. Conrad, and K.E. Turner. 2007. Intake, digestibility and nitrogen utilization of Robinia pseudoacacia foliage fed to growing goat wethers. Small Rumin. Res. 71:179.
- Unruh Snyder, L.J., J. P. Mueller, J-M. Luginbuhl, and C. Brownie. 2007. Growth characteristics and allometry of Robinia pseudoacacia as a silvopastoral system component. Agroforestry Systems Vol 70:41.
- Luginbuhl, J-M., S. Pietrosemoli Castagni, and J. M. Howell. 2006. Uso de un anthelmintico botanico para el control de nematodos gastrointestinales en caprinos de carne. Arch. Latinoam. Prod. Anim. 14:88.
- Anderson, K. L., C. Brownie, J-M.Luginbuhl, and M. Mobley. 2005. Quality assurance training for meat goat producers. Internat. J. Appl. Res. Vet. Med. 4:261.
- Moore, J. A., M. H. Poore, and J-M. Luginbuhl. 2002. Byproduct feeds for meat goats: effects on digestibility, ruminal environment, and carcass characteristics. J. Anim. Sci. 80:1752.
- Meza-Herrera, C.A., R. Castro-Franco and J-M. Luginbuhl. 2007. Chemical composition of goat milk and its products in Mexico. In: The quality of Goat Products: Models and Tools for Evaluation and Promotion. Session 1: A Window on the Worldwide Production. Consiglio per la Ricerca e la Sperimentazione in Agricultura. Potenza-Bella, Italy.
- Luginbuhl, J-M., S. Pietrosemoli, H. M. Glennon, and J. M. Howell. 2006. Use of non-pharmaceutical alternatives to control gastrointestinal nematodes in goats. In: S. Zamfirescu, A. Petrachi, D. Nadolu, A. Vicovan, and M. Radu (Eds) Goat Farming in Central and Eastern European Countries: Present and Future. Constanta. Romania. Ovidius University Press.
- Luginbuhl, J-M., and J. P. Mueller. 2005. Performance of meat goats grazing winter annual grasses in the Piedmont of southeastern USA. In: J J. Murphy (Ed.) Utilization of grazed grass in temperate animal systems. International Grassland Congress: Offered papers. Wageningen Academic Publishers. The Netherlands.
- Luginbuhl, J-M., S. Pietrosemoli Castagni, and J. M. Howell. 2005. Uso de un anthelmintico botanico para el control de nematodos gastrointestinales en caprinos de carne. In: A. G. Reyna and F. L. Magagna (Eds). XIX Reunion de la Asociacion Latinoamerinaca de Producion Animal.Tamaulipas. Mexico. BIOTAM Nueva Serie. Edicion Especial. Tomo II.
- Unruh Snyder, L.J., J. P. Mueller, J-M. Luginbuhl, and C. Brownie. C. 2005. The Influence of spacing and coppice height on herbage mass and other growth characteristics of Black locust in a southeastern USA silvopastoral system. In: M. R. Mosquera-Losada, J. McAdam, and A. Riguerio-Rodriguez(Ed.) Silvopastoralism and Sustainable Land Management. CABI Publishing Wallingford, UK.
- Unruh Snyder, L.J., J. P. Mueller, J-M. Luginbuhl, K. E. Turner, and C. Brownie. C. 2005.The influence of growing degree days on Robinia pseudoacacia browse quality and productivity in the Southeastern USA. In: F. P. O. Mara, R. J. Wilkins, L. t. Mannetje, D. K. Lovett, P. A. M. Rogers, and T. M. Boland (Eds) International Grassland Congress: Offered papers. p 869. Wageningen Academic Publishers. The Netherlands.
- Luginbuhl, J.-M., M. H. Poore, J. W. Spears, and T. T. Brown. 2004. Copper status of growing meat goats as affected by level of dietary copper. In: E. C. Webb (Ed.) 8th International Conference on Goats. Pretoria. South Africa.
- Unruh Snyder, L.J., J. P. Mueller, J-M. Luginbuhl, and C. Brownie. 2005. The Influence of spacing and coppice height on herbage mass and other growth characteristics of Black locust in a southeastern USA silvopastoral system. In: M. R. Mosquera-Losada, J. McAdam, and A. Riguerio-Rodriguez (Eds) Silvopastoralism and Sustainable Land Management. CABI Publishing Wallingford, UK.
- Luginbuhl, J-M., J. P. Mueller, and J. T. Green, Jr. 2003. Mejora territorial para la produccion de carne de caprino. (Land improvement for the production of meat goats). In: D. J. Capote y D. S. Santander Fernandez (Eds) Ganado Caprino en Zonas Aridas: Referencias Especificas y Condiciones para su Mayor Contribucion al Desarollo Rural. Jornadas Tecnicas CaprAA. April 3-6. Fuerteventura. Espagna. Invited paper and presentation.
- Luginbuhl, J-M., S. Pietrosemoli Castagni, and J. M. Howell. 2007. Uso de un anthelmintico botanico para el control de nematodos gastrointestinales en caprinos de carne. XI Jornadas Cientifico Tecnicas de la Facultad de Agronomia. Z15. Universidad del Zulia. Maracaibo. Estado Zulia. Venezuela.
- Luginbuhl, J-M., J. P. Mueller, and A. P. Conrad. 2002. Pastos anuales de invierno para cabras de carne: Rendimiento animal. In: C. A. Meza Herrera, M. A. Cerrillo Soto, y A. S. Juarez Reyes (Eds). XVII Reunion Nacional sobre Caprinocultura. Durango, Dur., Mexico.
- Luginbuhl, J-M., and H. M. Glennon. 2007. Field applications of liquid nitrogen fertilizer for controlling gastrointestinal parasites in weanling meat goats. J. Anim. Sci 85 (Suppl. 2):33.
- Meza-Herrera, C. A., R. Castro-Franco, and J-M. Luginbuhl. 2007. Chemical composition and casein and albumin pattern in goat milk and its products in Mexico. In International Symposium: The Quality Of Goat Products. Book of Abstracts Session I. Potenza-Bella, Italy.
- Luginbuhl, J-M., H. M. Glennon, and J. P. Mueller. 2006. Effect of copper-oxide needles on gastrointestinal parasites in weanling meat goats control-grazed on bermudagrass pastures. J. Anim. Sci. 84 (Suppl. 2):21.
- Thompson, B. M., S. P. Washburn, J.-M. Luginbuhl, B. A. Hopkins, H. M. Glennon, and C. Brownie. 2005. Effects of milk feeding period and anthelmintic treatment on fecal egg counts and growth in pastured dairy steers. J. Anim. Sci. (Suppl. 1):80.
- Thompson, B. M., S. P. Washburn, J.-M. Luginbuhl, B. A. Hopkins, H. M. Glennon, and C. Brownie. 2005. Effects of milk feeding period and anthelmintic treatment on fecal egg counts and growth in pastured dairy steers. pp 66-68. Proc. 54th Annual NC Dairy Conference. Salisbury, NC.
- Johnson, S. R., M. H. Poore, A. D. Schaeffer, S. R. Freeman, H. M. Glennon, and J-M. Luginbuhl. 2005. Castration and concentrate feeding influence performance and carcass characteristics of meat goats. J.Anim. Sci 83 (Suppl. 2):2.
- Luginbuhl, J-M., and J. T. Green, Jr. 2005. Goats to control the encroachment of undesirable brush and woody species in pastures of the Appalachian region. p 42. 5th International Conference on Forest Vegetation Management: Useable Science, Practical Outcomes and Future Needs. Corvallis, OR.
- Poore, M. H., J .A. Moore, A. T. Maye, and J.-M. Luginbuhl. 2004. Soybean hulls for finishing meat goats. J. Anim. Sci. 82 (Suppl. 1):160.
- Spooner, J., K. Hall, M. Carter, R. Hamilton, J-M. Luginbuhl, H. Glennon, and D. Frederick. 2004. NCSU Centennial Campus Outdoor Field Laboratory: Control of invasive plants on north creek. Southeastern Conference on Stream Restoration. Winston-Salem, NC. June 2004.
- Spooner, J., D. Frederick, M. Carter, K. Hall, B. Hunt, J-M. Luginbuhl, R. Hamilton, D. Clinton, K. Bass, and D. Line. 2004. Demonstrating stream restoration: natural channel design, stormwater management and exotic species control in a rapidly developing watershed. USDA-CSREES National Water Quality Conference: Integrating Research, Extension & Education. Clearwater, FL.
- Spooner, J., D. Frederick, M. Carter, K. Hall, J-M. Luginbuhl, B. Hunt, D. Clinton, R. Hamilton, K. Bass, and D. Line. 2004. NCSU Centennial Campus Outdoor Field Laboratory: Demonstrating stream restoration using natural channel design, storm water management and exotic species control in a rapidly developing watershed. WRRI Annual Conference, Raleigh.
- Unruh Snyder, L.J., J. P. Mueller, J-M. Luginbuhl, and C. Brownie. 2004. The Influence of spacing and coppice height on herbage mass and other growth characteristics of Black locust in a southeastern USA silvopastoral system. In: M. R. Mosquera-Losada, J. McAdam, and A. Rigueiro-Rodriguez (Eds) Silvopastoralism and Sustainable Management International Congress. Lugo. Spain.
- Glennon, H. M., J-M. Luginbuhl, J. P. Mueller, A. M. Zajac, K. L. Anderson, J. W. Spears, T. T. Brown, C. Brownie. 2004. Effect of copper oxide needles on gastrointestinal parasites in grazing meat goats. J. Anim. Sci. 80 (Suppl. 2):29.
- Unruh-Snyder, L. J., J. P. Mueller, J. M. Luginbuhl, K.E. Turner, W.B. Fouts, and C. Brownie. 2003. Estimates of Herbage Production and Quality of Black Locust in Southeastern USA. Annual Meetings Abstracts [CD-ROM]. ASA, CSSA, and SSSA, Madison, WI.
- Luginbuhl, J-M., J. P. Mueller, and A. P. Conrad. 2003. Winter annual grasses for meat goats. J. Anim. Sci. 81 (Suppl 2):26.
- Luginbuhl, J-M., M. H. Poore, J. W. Spears, and T. T. Brown. 2003. Effect of level of dietary copper on the copper status of lactating does and their nursing kids. J. Anim. Sci 81 (Suppl. 1):329.
- Luginbuhl, J-M., M. H. Poore, J. W. Spears, and T. T. Brown. 2002. Effect of level of dietary copper on the copper status of pregnant does and their offsprings. The University of North Carolina 13th Annual Institute of Nutrition Research Symposium:13.
- Moore, J. A., M. H. Poore, A. T. Maye, J-M. Luginbuhl, and J. A. Booth. 2002. Soyhulls as an alternative feed for small ruminants and horses. The University of North Carolina 13th Annual Institute of Nutrition Research Symposium:13.
- Elmore, S. A., S. T. Lee, K. L. Anderson, J-M. Luginbuhl, T. T. Brown, and J. M. Cullen. 2002. Diosgenin-associated hepatotoxicosis and nephrotoxicosis in goats grazing switchgrass. Vet Pathol. 39:5.
- Elmore, S. A., S. T. Lee, K. L. Anderson, J-M. Luginbuhl, T. T. Brown, and J. M. Cullen. 2002. Diosgenin-associated hepatotoxicosis and nephrotoxicosis in goats grazing switchgrass. The American College of Veterinary Pathologists Symposium. New Orleans, LA.
- Elmore, S. A., S. T. Lee, K. L. Anderson, J-M. Luginbuhl, T. T. Brown, and J. M. Cullen. 2002. Photosensitization in meat goat kids grazing Alamo switchgrass. 3rd Easter Native Grass Symposium. Chapel Hill, NC.
- Elmore, S. A., S. T. Lee, K. L. Anderson, J-M. Luginbuhl, T. T. Brown, and J. M. Cullen. 2002. Diosgenin-associated hepatotoxicosis and nephrotoxicosis in goats grazing switchgrass. 21st Annual Symposium Socciety of Toxicology Pathologists. Denver, CO.
- Moore, J. A., A. T. Maye, M. H. Poore, and J-M Luginbuhl. 2002. Effects of increasing level of dietary soybean hulls on ruminal characteristics and serum urea nitrogen of Boer-cross goats. J. Anim. Sci. 80 (Suppl. 1):70.
- Luginbuhl, J-M., and K. L. Anderson. 2006. Herd animal death problems. ANS06-613MG.
- Turner, J. E., and J-M. Luginbuhl. 2005. Meat goat herd management calendar for North Carolina producers. AG-655-2.
- Luginbuhl, J-M., and S. Pietrosemoli. 2004. Caprinos: Aspectos basicos. ANS04-608MG.
- Luginbuhl, J-M., and S. Pietrosemoli. 2004. Deteccion de celo en caprinos de carne. ANS04-609MG.
- Luginbuhl, J-M., and S. Pietrosemoli. 2004. Evaluacion y preparacion del plantel reproductor de cabras de carne. ANS04-610MG.
- Luginbuhl, J-M., and S. Pietrosemoli. 2004. Manejo de la condicion corporal. ANS04-612MG.
- Luginbuhl, J-M., and S. Pietrosemoli. 2004. Razas de caprinos de carne y sus caracteristicas productivas. ANS04-611MG.
- Luginbuhl, J-M. 2006. Pastures for Goats. 39 pp. Web-based Training and Certification Program for Meat Goat Producers. Langston Univ. Langston, OK.
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Progress 10/01/03 to 09/30/04
Outputs
This report describes multidisciplinary experiments denoted by numbers and letters. (1) The copper status of growing meat goats was influenced by the daily intake of copper sulfate. Hepatic copper stores increased within acceptable levels, indicating that goats are less sensitive to copper than sheep, and may be comparable to cattle. (2) Drenching yearling goats with copper oxide needle boluses containing either 10 or 20 mg copper oxide decreased internal parasite fecal egg counts. Hepatic copper stores increased within acceptable levels. (3) Control grazing lactating does and their kids on three varieties of tall fescue indicated that weight gains were similar on MaxQ and Jessup endophyte-free for both does and kids, whereas does lost weight and kids gained less on Kentuchy31 endophyte-infected fescue. Control grazing replacement doelings on these same stockpiled tall fescue varieties indicates that goats are losing weight on Kentucky31 while gaining similar weights
on the two other varieties. (4a) Robinia pseudoacacia (RP) would be an excellent candidate as a silvopastoral component in the southeastern USA based on growth characteristics and herbage mass production. (4b) In years with moderate to low rainfall, when multiple growth flushes are absent, growing degree days appeared to be closely related to herbage quality and productivity of RP. Growing degree days, however, was a poor predictor RP tannin concentrations. (5) Goats showed promise as a viable long term alternative to herbicides to control Pueraria lobata, an invasive leguminous vine very high in protein and energy. Pueraria lobata had practically disappeared from plots browsed intensively for two grazing seasons in a rapidly developing watershed. (6) A finishing study showed that soybean hulls are a viable feed for growing goats, and can be fed free-choice. (7) A survey of goat producers attending a quality assurance training program indicated that meat goat producers attending these
sessions had considerable concern for proper drug use and residue avoidance.
Impacts
As the raising of meat goats is becoming an alternative agricultural enterprise, results from this research is helping meat goat producers select, adopt, and successfully implement best management practices that will achieve business, individual, and family goals related to profitability and quality of life. It is estimated that in NC producers sold over 230,000 goats for meat in 2004, generating receipts of over 9.7 million dollars. In addition, the NC meat goat industry breeding stock inventory totals about 158,000 animals located on over 3,200 farms, representing a capital of over 15.5 million dollars. The North Carolina Meat Goat Producers Cooperative, comprised of 600 certified farm families members from the majority of NC counties, was organized to market live goats and goat meat directly to processors, consumers and area retail stores and restaurants.
Publications
- Spooner, J., D. Frederick, M. Carter, D. W. Johnson, K. Hall, B. Hunt, B. Doll, D. Clinton, J-M. Luginbuhl, K. Bass, D. Line, L. Lombardo, R. Hamilton, E. Maxa, and L. Laffitte. 2004. Demonstrating stream restoration using natural channel design, stormwater management, and exotic species control in a rapidly developing watershed. USDA-CSREES National Water QualityConference: Integrating Research, Extension and Education January 11-14, 2004. Clearwater. FL.
- Unruh Snyder, L.J., Mueller, J.P., Luginbuhl, J-M., Brownie, C. 2004. The Influence of spacing and coppice height on herbage mass and other growth characteristics of Black locust in a southeastern USA silvopastoral system. In: M. R. Mosquera-Losada, J. McAdam, and A. Rigueiro-Rodriguez (Eds) Silvopastoralism and Sustainable Management International Congress. p 109. April 18-24. Lugo. Spain.
- Luginbuhl, J.-M., M. H. Poore, J. W. Spears, and T. T. Brown. 2004. Copper status of growing meat goats as affected by level of dietary copper. In: E. C. Webb (Ed.) 8th International Conference on Goats. July 4th, July 9th. Pretoria. South Africa.
- Luginbuhl, J-M., J. P. Mueller, and J. T. Green. 2003. Fodder trees and browse for meat goats. Proc. First Annual Crissey Zoological Nutrition Symposium. pp 35-36. December 12-13. Raleigh, NC.
- Poore, M. H., J .A. Moore, A. T. Maye, and J.-M. Luginbuhl. 2004. Soybean hulls for finishing meat goats. ASAS Annual Meeting. July 25-29. Saint- Louis.
- Glennon, H. M., J-M. Luginbuhl, J. P. Mueller, A. M. Zajac, K. L. Anderson, J. W. Spears, T. T. Brown, C. Brownie. 2004. Effect of copper oxide needles on gastrointestinal parasites in grazing meat goats. J. Anim. Sci. 82 (Suppl. 2):29.
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Progress 10/01/02 to 09/30/03
Outputs
This report describes multidisciplinary experiments denoted by numbers and letters. (1) Feeding pregnant goats free-choice minerals containing levels of copper comparable to those of cattle free-choice mineral mixes indicated that does ingested as much as 66 mg Cu per day without ill effects, and did not affect kidding rates and kid mortality. Hepatic copper stores increased, but within acceptable levels, indicating that goats are less sensitive to copper than sheep, and may be comparable to cattle. (2) Drenching yearling goats with copper oxide needle boluses decreased internal parasite fecal egg counts. Hepatic copper stores increased within acceptable levels. (3) Control grazing yearling does on winter annual forages indicated that annual ryegrass was superior to cereal rye and triticale, but that these forages can play an important role as a winter component of goat grazing systems. (4a) Addition of Robinia pseudoacacia to hay-based diets for meat goats increased
fecal nitrogen excretion, suggesting that tannins formed dietary protein complexes, and hindered digestibility of cell wall constituents. (4b) Robinia pseudoacacia herbage biomass was influenced by spacing and coppice height. (5) Goats showed promise as a viable long term alternative to herbicides to control Pueraria lobata. (6) A glycosidic steroidal saponin, diosgenin, was found in switchgrass grazed by doe kids that had developed very acute cases of photosensitization. Blood serum samples had elevated levels of liver enzymes, and sacrificed kids had lesions in liver and kidneys.
Impacts
As the raising of meat goats is becoming an alternative agricultural enterprise, results from this research is helping meat goat producers select, adopt, and successfully implement best management practices that will achieve business, individual, and family goals related to profitability and quality of life. It is estimated that in NC producers sold over 232,000 goats for meat in 2003, generating receipts of over 9.7 million dollars. In addition, the NC meat goat industry breeding stock inventory totals about 158,000 animals located on over 3,200 farms, representing a capital of over 15.5 million dollars. It is projected that the meat goat inventory will grew by 8% in 2004. The North Carolina Meat Goat Producers Cooperative, comprised of over 400 certified members from Franklin and the majority of NC counties, was organized to market live goats and goat meat directly to consumers and area retail stores and restaurants.
Publications
- Elmore, S. A., S. T. Lee, K. L. Anderson, J-M. Luginbuhl, T. T. Brown, and J. M. Cullen. 2002. Photosensitization in meat goat kids grazing Alamo switchgrass. 3rd Easter Native Grass Symposium. p 29. October 1-3. Chapel Hill, NC.
- Luginbuhl, J-M., J. P. Mueller, and J. T. Green, Jr. 2003. Mejora territorial para la produccion de carne de caprino. (Land improvement for the production of meat goats). In: D. J. Capote y D. S. Santander Fernandez (Eds) Ganado Caprino en Zonas Aridas: Referencias Especificas y Condiciones para su Mayor Contribucion al Desarollo Rural. Jornadas Tecnicas CaprAA. April 3-6. Fuerteventura. Spain.
- Luginbuhl, J-M., J. P. Mueller, and A. P. Conrad. 2002. Pastos anuales de invierno para cabras de carne: Rendimiento animal. In: C. A. Meza Herrera, M. A. Cerrillo Soto, y A. S. Juarez Reyes (Eds). XVII Reunion Nacional sobre Caprinocultura. pp 270-272. Durango, Dur., Mexico.
- Unruh-Snyder, L. J., J. P. Mueller, J. M. Luginbuhl, K.E. Turner, W.B. Fouts, and C. Brownie. 2003 . Estimates of herbage production and quality of black locust in southeastern USA. In Annual Meetings Abstracts CD-ROM. ASA, CSSA, and SSSA, Madison, WI.
- Luginbuhl, J-M., J. P. Mueller, and A. P. Conrad. 2003. Winter annual grasses for meat goats. J. Anim. Sci. 81 (Suppl 2):26.
- Luginbuhl, J-M., M. H. Poore, J. W. Spears, and T. T. Brown. 2002. Effect of level of dietary copper on the copper status of pregnant does and their offsprings. The University of North Carolina 13th Annual Institute of Nutrition Research Symposium:13.
- Elmore, S. A., S. T. Lee, K. L. Anderson, J-M. Luginbuhl, T. T. Brown, and J. M. Cullen. 2002. Diosgenin-associated hepatotoxicosis and nephrotoxicosis in goats grazing switchgrass. Vet Pathol. 39:5
- Elmore, S. A., S. T. Lee, K. L. Anderson, J-M. Luginbuhl, T. T. Brown, and J. M. Cullen. 2002. Diosgenin-associated hepatotoxicosis and nephrotoxicosis in goats grazing switchgrass. The American College of Veterinary Pathologists Symposium. p 640. December 7-11. New Orleans, LA.
- Luginbuhl J-M., M. H. Poore, J. W. Spears, and T. T. Brown. 2001. Efecto del nivel de cobre dietetico sobre el status de cobre en cabras y sus crias. In: J. Armendariz Martinez, y G. Torres Hernandez (Eds). XVI Reunion Nacional sobre Caprinocultura. 4 p. Puerto de Veracruz, Ver., Mexico.
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