Progress 08/15/02 to 08/14/04
Outputs
MI produced 40,000 seedlings representing 600 families. MN evaluated 110,000 seedlings from 900 crosses. ND produced 105,600 seedlings in the greenhouse representing 582 families and evaluated 91,230 single-hills. WI dramatically increased single-hill production to 64,522. Superior genotypes were retained for further testing from all stages of evaluation. MN (40,000) and ND (55,081) exchanged seedlings with US breeding programs. Promising advanced selections include: MSJ461-1, a MI chip selection with strong resistance to foliar late blight. MN15620, a smooth, oval, processor, with resistance to PVY & PLRV. MN18747 is white skinned, smooth, oblong and suited for the early processing market. ND2470-27 is a high yielding, cold chip selection. ND5822C-7 is an exceptionally high yielding, dual-purpose cold chip processing selection, with some resistance to CPB. ND3196-1R is a dark red-skinned selection with long dormancy that maintains color in storage. WI2275-3R is a
dual-purpose red selection for canning & fresh use. W1201 has excellent chip quality from 5C, bulks early, and has moderate scab resistance. W1836-3rus is high yielding, dual-purpose, and has resistance to scab, Verticillium and early blight. WI released Millennium Russet, a dual-purpose cultivar with excellent yield and quality, and moderate resistance to common scab, PVY, and early blight, and White Pearl (W1355-1), an excellent chipper from long-term 5C storage. Cultural management related studies included nitrogen rate, plant population, and metribuzin sensitivity screening. Late blight field evaluations and/or GH based detached leaf assay evaluations were a focus; superior resistant genotypes are advancing. MI and MN identified cultivars/selections with field tolerance to the early dying complex. Common scab screening nurseries were used in MI and MN; WI developed a GH assay and 15% of lines in the program have resistance. CPB resistance is an emphasis of all; MI is testing
single vs. multi-factor host plant resistance. Resistance to aphids, PVY and PLRV is a focus of trials in MN and ND; MN identified durable multigenic resistance to PVY strains. ND evaluated 31 selections for bacterial ring rot expression; several did not express typical foliar and/or tuber symptoms, though infection was verified. Significant differences among 18 selections/controls were observed in pink rot/Pythium leak evaluations in ND. Cooperators addressed enhanced quality traits; a major emphasis is cold sweetening resistant processing clones. MN and WI programs evaluated N utilization efficiency. ND screened NC lines for resistance to sugar end. WI cloned the RB gene from S. bulbocastanum. Many transgenic Katahdin clones were evaluated and possess outstanding late blight resistance; a PCR-based marker for use in marker-based selection has been developed. MI is developing and evaluating transgenic lines with the AGPase gene for enhancing solids, 2 different constructs of Bt-cry3A
for developing CPB resistance and/or the CBF1 gene for water stress resistance. MN explored post-zygotic reproductive barriers in intra- and inter-specific crosses.
Impacts
The potato is the highest volume vegetable crop in the NC region, accounting for about 28% of US acreage. The farm-gate value exceeds $453 million, and due to high processing volume, the value-added component increases the crop's contribution to the region's economy considerably. This recent formal cooperative program has increased hybridizations, seedling and single-hill production, and is permitting expansion of selection and evaluation of more material containing diverse genetic traits. For example, the lack of bacterial ring rot symptom expression is a concern for producers and seed certification agencies. Additionally, combined with conventional breeding, molecular techniques can provide a balanced approach to cultivar improvement. Focused collaborative screening is permitting enhanced efficiency, in addition to greater opportunity to characterize germplasm, evaluate adaptation, and more rapidly address needs of producers, industry personnel and consumers.
Publications
- No publications reported this period
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Progress 10/01/02 to 09/30/03
Outputs
MI produced 40,000 seedlings representing 600 families. MN evaluated 110,000 seedlings from 900 crosses. ND produced 105,600 seedlings in the greenhouse (GH) representing 582 families and evaluated 91,230 single-hills. WI dramatically increased single-hill production to 64,522. Superior genotypes were retained for further testing from all stages of evaluation. MN (40,000) and ND (55,081) exchanged seedlings with US breeding programs. Promising advanced selections include: MSJ461-1, a MI chip selection with strong resistance to foliar late blight. MN15620, a smooth, oval, processor, with resistance to PVY and PLRV. MN18747 is white skinned, smooth, oblong and suited for the early processing market. ND2470-27 is a high yielding, cold chip selection. ND5822C-7 is an exceptionally high yielding, dual-purpose cold chip processing selection, with some resistance to CPB. ND3196-1R is a dark red-skinned selection with long dormancy that maintains color in storage. WI2275-3R
is a dual-purpose red selection for canning and fresh use. W1201 has excellent chip quality from 5C, bulks early, and has moderate scab resistance. W1836-3rus is high yielding, dual-purpose, and has resistance to scab, Verticillium and early blight. WI released Millennium Russet, a dual-purpose cultivar with excellent yield and quality, and moderate resistance to common scab, PVY, and early blight, and White Pearl (W1355-1), an excellent chipper from long-term 5C storage. Cultural management related studies included nitrogen rate, plant population, and metribuzin sensitivity screening. Late blight field evaluations and/or GH based detached leaf assay evaluations were a focus; superior resistant genotypes are advancing. MI and MN identified cultivars/selections with field tolerance to the early dying complex. Common scab screening nurseries were used in MI and MN; WI developed a GH assay and 15% of lines in the program have resistance. CPB resistance is an emphasis of all; MI is
testing single vs. multi-factor host plant resistance. Resistance to aphids, PVY and PLRV is a focus of trials in MN and ND; MN identified durable multigenic resistance to PVY strains. ND evaluated 31 selections for bacterial ring rot expression; several did not express typical foliar and/or tuber symptoms, though infection was verified. Significant differences among 18 selections/controls were observed in pink rot/Pythium leak evaluations in ND. Cooperators addressed enhanced quality traits; a major emphasis is cold sweetening resistant processing clones. MN and WI programs evaluated N utilization efficiency. ND screened NC lines for resistance to sugar end. WI cloned the RB gene from S. bulbocastanum. Many transgenic Katahdin clones were evaluated and possess outstanding late blight resistance; a PCR-based marker for use in marker-based selection has been developed. MI is developing and evaluating transgenic lines with the AGPase gene for enhancing solids, two different constructs
of Bt-cry3A for developing CPB resistance and/or the CBF1 gene for water stress resistance. MN explored post-zygotic reproductive barriers in intra- and inter-specific crosses.
Impacts
The potato is the highest volume vegetable crop in the NC region, accounting for about 28% of US acreage. The farm-gate value exceeds $453 million, and due to high processing volume, the value-added component increases the crops contribution to the regions economy considerably. This recent formal cooperative program has increased hybridizations, seedling and single-hill production, and is permitting expansion of selection and evaluation of more material containing diverse genetic traits. For example, the lack of bacterial ring rot symptom expression is a concern for producers and seed certification agencies. Additionally, combined with conventional breeding, molecular techniques can provide a balanced approach to cultivar improvement. Focused collaborative screening is permitting enhanced efficiency, in addition to greater opportunity to characterize germplasm, evaluate adaptation, and more rapidly address needs of producers, industry personnel and consumers.
Publications
- No publications reported this period
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Progress 10/01/01 to 09/30/02
Outputs
A cooperative NC project involving MI, MN, WI and ND was initiated to address needs of the potato industry, focusing on development of multipurpose cultivars with enhanced quality, disease and pest resistance. MI produced 35,000 seedlings representing 600 families. Numerous lines with scab, tuber and/or foliar late blight, bruise and Fusarium dry rot resistance were identified in advanced material. MSF349-1RY is resistant to potato early die. Field application of fluazinam at reduced rates in combination with cultivars [Jacqueline Lee, Torridon ( both resistant), and Snowden (susceptible)] and 6 advanced NC selections verified low dose rates or less frequent applications resulted in commercially acceptable late blight control in resistant cultivars. Jaqueline Lee, Liberator and Michigan Purple, recent releases from the MI program continue to gain market share. MN produced over 1200 new hybrids. Disease resistance screening involved over 500 clones for late blight, and
175 each for Colorado potato beetle PVY/PLRV expression, Verticillium wilt and scab resistance. Advanced selections were evaluated for effects of N fertility on tuber yield and quality. Genetic studies related to cold sweetening resistance found UGPase isozymes heritable, and transmitted via 2n gametes. Seventy percent of chip color variation was explained by the presence of A-II isozymes of UGPase. Invertase activity explains a large portion of the variation. Additional studies related to heritability of PVY symptom expression, green peach aphid, PLRV and late blight resistance were undertaken. WI increased seedlings to 45,500 (354 families) and single hills to 65,400, representing chipping clones (40%), dual-purpose russets (40%), fresh market reds (10%) and late blight resistance (10%). Twenty advanced selections were tested in WI; 23 lines were tested in 11 states and Canadian provinces, and 38 selections were tested in pathology trials. Red Companion was released; Red Pearl will
be released in 2003, with W 1201 and W 1355-1 to follow. ND grew about 110,000 seedlings (400 families); sixty percent with one or both parents exhibiting late blight resistance. First year clones (123,000) were evaluated at 3 sites. Eight yield trials were grown at 5 sites (dryland and irrigated). Sensory evaluation is conducted on tubers baked, boiled, microwaved, French fried and made into potato flakes. Most promising selections include ND2470-27, ND5822C-7, ND3196-1R, and ND5084-3R. Effect of N rate and plant population for two cultivars and two advance selections was evaluated. Nine ND and 32 NC advanced selections were evaluated for bacterial ring rot symptom expression in the field. One hundred selections were tested for resistance to late blight in the field; 4000 seedlings from 43 families were evaluated in the greenhouse using a detached leaf assay procedure. Thirty-five popular cultivars were screened for response to pink rot and leak, to determine if resistance exists in
commercially acceptable cultivars. Atlantic, Norchip, Ranger Russet, and Pike exhibited resistance to pink rot, while Snowden is the only cultivar resistant to leak.
Impacts
The breeding programs are based upon conventional hybridization and are incorporating diverse germplasm to incorporate durable disease and pest resistance and true cold processing (4.4C) ability. The cooperative multi-disciplinary programs increased hybridizations in the greenhouse and seedling production numbers in 2002, permitting selection and evaluation of more material of diverse backgrounds. Several disease and pest screening studies, including production management trials, within the region were instigated and opportunity for evaluation of advanced selections by other states was initiated. This interaction will increase, encourage efficiency, and provides potato projects additional opportunity to characterize germplasm, evaluate adaptability, and more quickly address needs of producers, industry personnel and consumers.
Publications
- No publications reported this period
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