Source: MICROANALYTICS, INC. submitted to NRP
APPLICATIONS OF GC-O AND MS-NOSE TECHNOLOGIES FOR QUALITY CONTROL IN BREWERY OPERATIONS
Sponsoring Institution
National Institute of Food and Agriculture
Project Status
COMPLETE
Funding Source
Reporting Frequency
Annual
Accession No.
0192978
Grant No.
2002-33610-12345
Cumulative Award Amt.
(N/A)
Proposal No.
2002-03045
Multistate No.
(N/A)
Project Start Date
Sep 1, 2002
Project End Date
Aug 31, 2004
Grant Year
2002
Program Code
[8.5]- (N/A)
Recipient Organization
MICROANALYTICS, INC.
2011A LAMAR DRIVE
ROUND ROCK,TX 78664
Performing Department
(N/A)
Non Technical Summary
Off-odor and off-taste problems are estimated to cost the food and beverage industries in excess of 1.2 billion dollars annually. There is a prevailing need for quick, accurate and cost effective aroma and flavor quality monitoring instrumentation for these industries which can effectively reduce these costs early in the production cycle. In the brewing industry, for example, its use can result in implementing operations that both reduce loss from product rejection and improve final product quality. Currently, there is no instrument-based technology of this type available on the market that has been shown to perform effectively across a wide range of applications. We are confident that the unique integrated approach we currently propose will effectively meet the need for a rapid, accurate and cost effective aroma quality monitoring instrument for the brewing industry. In addition the success of this application should facilitate the development of a variety of analogous applications within the food, beverage and consumer products industries.
Animal Health Component
100%
Research Effort Categories
Basic
(N/A)
Applied
100%
Developmental
(N/A)
Classification

Knowledge Area (KA)Subject of Investigation (SOI)Field of Science (FOS)Percent
5015010200025%
5015010202075%
Goals / Objectives
The overall objective of this Phase II project is the development, optimization and evaluation of a prototype mass spectrometer based electronic nose instrument for rapid aroma quality monitoring in brewing operations. This current project will expand on the previous Phase I feasibility study which explored the concept of integrating GC-Olfactometry, multidimensional GC, MS batch inletting and multivariant analysis techniques for rapid aroma quality screening. While the Phase I efforts were focused on aromatic basmati rice as the example test case it is expected that an analogous approach can be successfully developed and adapted to the current focus of beer aroma and flavor analysis. Successful completion of the Phase II primary objectives should satisfy the basic requirements prior to initiating the projected Phase III commercialization project. In addition, success in meeting these Phase II objectives for beer production should facilitate the development of a wider range of analogous applications within the food, beverage and consumer products industries.
Project Methods
As stated previously the overall objective of the Phase II project is the development of an effective aroma quality screening instrument for commercial brewing operations. Therefore, it is clear that the success of this project will be heavily dependent on the active participation and commitment of an established commercial brewery. The problem of obtaining access to an appropriate field test site has been overcome with the formal commitment of the Sierra Nevada Brewery of Chico, California to host Microanalytics at their site and assist with the gathering of required correlating data and sample sets. Working with Sierra Nevada it will be necessary to complete a series of critical tasks in order to successfully meet the Phase II objectives. This task series begins with the development of an in-depth aroma profile of the target beer product utilizing our in-house AromaTrax GC-Olfactometry technology. This preliminary aroma profile study will be performed at the Round Rock, Texas facility of Microanalytics on target finished product samples as supplied by Sierra Nevada. As was done previously in the basmati rice studies, the resulting aroma profile data will be evaluated in conjunction with sensory panel results in an effort to establish the critical links between aroma volatiles and overall aroma quality. From these critical links and correlated mass spectral data an initial optimized ion field will be selected for multivariant analysis and the process begun to fine tune that initial field in relation to the supporting chromatographic parameters. There are two key areas where our proposed approach to MS-nose technology differs significantly from others which have been published. The first of these is our proposed use of GC-Olfactometry as a preliminary step to define the actual aroma critical compounds and from these define an optimized ion field for multivariant analysis. The second key difference lies in the call for a degree of flexibility in the level of chromatographic separation preceding the mass spectrometric detection. Whereas most published MS-nose applications propose un-separated batch sample introduction to the MS we propose a system permitting either un-separated batch or high resolution MDGC separation preceding sample introduction to the MS. The choice of no separation or high level separation will be dictated by the challenges of the particular sample. Based on the first round of test results and multivariant correlation studies an optimized QC-Trax field test system and application protocol will be developed and placed on-site at the Sierra Nevada Brewery for extended production testing and protocol optimization. This on-site effort will include continued correlation studies relative to sensory panel and instrumental results. The field test will continue for a minimum of six months subsequent to the transfer of technology and will terminate with a final test evaluation. The field test will be structured to gauge the level of agreement between sensory panel and instrumental MS-nose aroma classification for a selected sample set.

Progress 09/01/02 to 08/31/04

Outputs
A flavor quality control instrument and methodology were developed and applied to the commercial production of beer. The term 'flavor quality control' is used to describe the methodology because the identification of specific flavor compounds that impact on the actual flavor quality evaluation of the product are determined and built into the method. The method was tailored to one specific beer product by determining the product's flavor profile using the Microanalytics AromaTrax gas chromatography-olfactometry instrument. Flavor character and intensity information were obtained and that result was used along with extensive flavor panel product evaluations to select a set of key flavor compounds for monitoring. The selected flavor compounds defined the proper instrumental parameters for the QC method. The method was installed at Sierra Nevada Brewery in August 2003 and continuously run there until August 2004. Over the year, the flavor composition of all target product fermenters was accumulated into a database and subjected to multivariate analysis. The instrumental QC results were linked to the Sierra Nevada flavor panel results for each finished beer. A database was thus established that showed how the fermenter composition related to final product acceptability. The usefulness of relating fermenter composition during the brewing process with future flavor panel evaluations lies in the possibility of predicting final product quality in time to correct for out-of-spec product

Impacts
The general concept of MS-Nose technology for monitoring the quality of products is very appealing because of its simplicity of operation and simplicity of form of results. The technology as it has been used in the past has not performed to expectations in most cases and especially in those applications where flavor and odor are monitored. The technology must be coupled with reliable flavor profile information to be generally useful and GC-O brings the necessary improvement to the method. It is expected that future use of MS-Nose QC techniques will include the use of sophisticated GC-O instrumentation along the lines of what is described in the project report.

Publications

  • No publications reported this period


Progress 10/01/02 to 09/30/03

Outputs
Brewers make great efforts to insure high flavor quality of their products. This project was designed to aide the brewer with flavor quality control. This is done by sampling beer at points in its production and analyzing for composition that relates to final product flavor quality. The project initially determined the detailed flavor profile of a commercial beer product from the collaborating brewery. This was obtained by using the Microanalytics AromaTrax multidimensional gas chromatography/olfactometry/mass spectrometry system. Detected flavor compounds were identified and ranked as to their importance to the overall product flavor. Sixteen flavor compounds were initially selected for monitoring by the project's newly developed QC-Trax instrument. These target flavors represent different types of expected flavor variations that the brewery's expert flavor panel has identified. After method development, the QC-Trax instrument was installed at the brewery and protocols were established for the collection of samples. The first five months of production sampling and analysis show the relation between the QC-Trax analytical results and the expert flavor panel evaluations. The method has so far measured 1) flavor differences among different production configurations, 2) flavor differences between beer packaged differently, 3) flavor differences with the aging of beer and 4) differences in beer flavor acceptability ratings related to analysis at the process level.

Impacts
The goal of this project is to monitor key flavor components in the brewing process so that the brewer can use this information to control production and produce consistent flavor beer. The method is generally applicable to any product that is judged on its flavor or odor quality and is not at all restricted to the brewing industry. The potential savings by the reduction or elimination of off-specification product using this method will be determined during the course of the project.

Publications

  • Quality Control of Beer Flavor, L.T. Nielsen, D.K. Eaton and D.W. Wright, submitted for presentation at the World Brewing Congress, July 25-28, 2004, San Diego, California.