Progress 04/15/02 to 04/14/05
Outputs
Objective 1. Determine the resistance status of Alphitobius diaperinus (lesser mealworm) to three commercially available insecticides: In this study we determined high levels of resistance to tetrachlorvinphos in both larvae and adults and resistance to cyfluthrin in larvae. Objective 2. Evaluate non-insecticidal, in house management strategies for control of the lesser mealworm: We demonstrated that mechanical barriers greatly reduced the climbing success by lesser mealworms and larder and hide beetle, all important structural and nuisance pests in caged-layer poultry facilities. A diverse array of alternative manure handling systems has become common among NE US caged-layer poultry production systems. We determined the impact of five manure-turning systems on the presence of lesser mealworms. Lesser mealworm activity was dramatically reduced in all manure turning systems. Objective 3. Evaluate non-insecticidal, outdoor management strategies for control of the lesser
mealworm: We demonstrated the effectiveness of manure incorporation, particularly moldboard plowing, in reducing the number of adult lesser mealworms emerging from caged-layer poultry manure when applied to fields.
Impacts
The darkling beetle has emerged in recent decades as the most important arthropod pest of poultry production worldwide. These beetles are vectors of human and animal pathogens, cause costly structural damage to production facilities, and create serious public health/nuisance problems when they emigrate from farms or from land on which infested manure has been spread. Furthermore the beetles are extremely difficult to control with pesticides, of which only a few are available. The insecticidal and non-insecticidal management options/solutions developed in this study are extremely cost-effective and can be very easily incorporated into existing caged-layer production systems. Implementation though our Extension outreach activities and web site is currently in progress.
Publications
- Hamm, R.L., P.E. Kaufman, C. Reasor, J. G. Scott and D. A. Rutz. 2005. Resistance to Cyfluthrin and Tetrachlorvinphos in the Lesser Mealworm, Alphitobius diaperinus (Panzer) Collected from caged-Layer Poultry Facilities and a Cricket Colony. J. Econ. Entomol. (Accepted 10/05)
- Kaufman, P.E., C. Reasor, J.K. Waldron and D.A. Rutz. 2005. Suppression of the Lesser Mealworm (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) Using Soil Incorporation of Poultry Manure. J. Econ. Entomol. 98: 1739-1743.
- Kaufman, P.E., C. Reasor, J.K. Waldron, and D. A. Rutz. 2005. Evaluation of a Barrier to Inhibit Lesser Mealworm (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) and Dermestidae Movement up Support Posts in High-Rise, Caged-Layer Poultry Facilities. J. Econ. Entomol. 98: 1744-1749.
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Progress 01/01/04 to 12/31/04
Outputs
Darkling beetles are associated with poultry production because they live and breed in the manure. The development of alternative methods of darkling beetle management is the subject of this project. This project investigates new and existing manure management technologies and their impact on darkling beetle populations. Pest management is critical prior and subsequent to land application of manure. Insecticide resistance status of beetles has been determined for 4 field strains from NY and ME. Mechanical barrier studies continued in 2004, with sampling in NY and ME. Extensive sampling for darkling beetles and house flies in manure processed through in-house composting systems also continued in 2004, where 5 facilities on 2 farms were monitored weekly. Darkling beetles were recovered; however, numbers remained low throughout the summer. Conversely, house fly numbers were lower than observed in 2003, largely owing to better moisture management by producers. Darkling
beetle and house fly activity in manure/compost under out-of-house composting management was monitored weekly on 2 farms utilizing slightly different methodologies. Out-of-house systems produced fewer flies than the in-house systems while darkling beetle numbers were negligible. Although eggs were laid, house flies were unable to develop in true composted poultry manure. A final manure incorporation study was conducted in 2004. The Cornell University veterinary entomology web site has been updated.
Impacts
Darkling beetles are pestiferous in the larval and adult stages to both the poultry producer and to neighbors living near manure-applied fields. These results will be critical in demonstrating to poultry producers the effective mechanisms available to reduce darkling beetle impacts on their operations.
Publications
- No publications reported this period
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Progress 01/01/03 to 12/31/03
Outputs
Darkling beetles are associated with poultry production because they live and breed in the manure. The development of alternative methods of darkling beetle management is the subject of this project. This project investigates new and existing manure management technologies and their impact on darkling beetle populations. Pest management is critical prior and subsequent to land application of manure. Insecticide resistance status of beetles will be determined during the winter of 2004. The mechanical barriers were installed in a Maine facility during October 2002 and in two NY facilities during March 2003. Sampling for beetle activity has begun at each facility. Extensive sampling for darkling beetles and house flies in manure processed through in-house composting systems was accomplished during the spring/summer of 2003, where 6 facilities on 2 farms were monitored weekly. Darkling beetles were recovered; however, numbers remained low throughout the summer.
Conversely, house fly numbers were higher than expected during all but the earliest compost/manure-accumulation time period. Darkling beetle and house fly activity in manure/compost under out-of-house composting management was monitored weekly on 4 farms utilizing 3 'slightly' different methodologies. Out-of-house systems produced fewer flies than the in-house systems while darkling beetle numbers were negligible. In separate studies, house flies readily laid eggs on and completed development in manure/compost including that at the 'completion' stage. A manure incorporation study was conducted in 2003. A survey of NY poultry producers was conducted. Completed surveys were received from 29 of 61 farms. The Cornell University veterinary entomology web site has been restructured and the 'Arthropod ID' component launched.
Impacts
Darkling beetles are pestiferous in the larval and adult stages to both the poultry producer and to neighbors living near manure-applied fields. These results will be critical in demonstrating to poultry producers the effective mechanisms available to reduce darkling beetle impacts on their operations.
Publications
- No publications reported this period
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Progress 01/01/02 to 12/31/02
Outputs
Darkling beetles are associated with poultry production because they live and breed in the manure. The development of alternative methods of darkling beetle management is the subject of this project. This project investigates new and existing manure management technologies and their impact on darkling beetle populations. Pest management is critical prior and subsequent to land application of manure. Four colonies of darkling beetles from Maine and New York have been established. Insecticide resistance status will be determined when sufficient numbers of beetles have been produced. The mechanical barrier, the "Beetle Barrier" was installed in a poultry facility in Maine in October 2002. Two New York poultry facilities will be outfitted with the barrier in March 2003. Evaluation of the effectiveness of each will begin 6 months after installation. Poultry manure containing all life stages of darkling beetles was collected from caged-layer houses and loaded into a rear
delivery manure spreader. Following land application of manure, treatments were assigned to 10- by 50-ft plots and replicated 4 times. Treatments included: control (no incorporation), mulch till, disk, chisel plow, and moldboard plow. Following incorporation beetles were monitored using emergence traps, pitfall traps, surface tiles and sticky cylinder traps. Traps were examined 1, 3, 7, 10, 13, 17, 21, 24, and 28 days following manure and tillage application. This study will be replicated in 2003 after which a statistical analysis will be performed.
Impacts
Darkling beetles are pestiferous in the larval and adult stages to both the poultry producer and to neighbors living near manure-applied fields. These results will be critical in demonstrating to poultry producers the effective mechanisms available to reduce darkling beetle impacts on their operations.
Publications
- Kaufman, P. E., M. Burgess, D. A. Rutz, and C. S. Glenister. 2002. Population Dynamics of Manure Inhabiting Arthropods Under an IPM Program in New York Poultry Facilities - 3 case studies. J. Appl. Poultry Res. 10: 90-103.
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