Source: UNIVERSITY OF GEORGIA submitted to NRP
DEVELOPING SUSTAINABLE PROGRAMS FOR MANAGEMENT OF PEANUT AND PECAN DISEASES
Sponsoring Institution
National Institute of Food and Agriculture
Project Status
COMPLETE
Funding Source
HATCH
Reporting Frequency
Annual
Accession No.
0191651
Grant No.
(N/A)
Cumulative Award Amt.
(N/A)
Proposal No.
(N/A)
Multistate No.
(N/A)
Project Start Date
Mar 1, 2002
Project End Date
Feb 28, 2007
Grant Year
(N/A)
Program Code
[(N/A)]- (N/A)
Recipient Organization
UNIVERSITY OF GEORGIA
200 D.W. BROOKS DR
ATHENS,GA 30602-5016
Performing Department
PLANT PATHOLOGY
Non Technical Summary
Diseases of peanut and pecan are major problems and controlling them is the largest single production expense for many growers. The purpose of this project is to develop integrated management programs for diseases of peanut and pecan.
Animal Health Component
60%
Research Effort Categories
Basic
40%
Applied
60%
Developmental
(N/A)
Classification

Knowledge Area (KA)Subject of Investigation (SOI)Field of Science (FOS)Percent
2121211116025%
2121830116075%
Knowledge Area
212 - Pathogens and Nematodes Affecting Plants;

Subject Of Investigation
1211 - Pecan; 1830 - Peanut;

Field Of Science
1160 - Pathology;
Goals / Objectives
1. Determine the effects of recent changes in peanut production programs on the management of soilborne diseases. 2. Develop and validate a spray advisory for soilborne diseases of peanut. 3. Determine the relative susceptibility of peanut germplasm (new cultivars and breeding lines) to soilborne diseases. 4. Modify and validate the Au-Pecan scab spray advisory to accomodate orchards with different risk levels. 5. Evaluate various integrated disease management programs for both peanut and pecan that incorporate any potential chemical, cultural, and biological control options in light of current price structures.
Project Methods
1. Replicated field plots and microplots will be established either in areas with natural pathogen populations or they will be inoculated to investigate the effect of changing cultural practices on development of soilborne diseases of peanut. One area of interest is the use of significantly higher seeding rates and twin row plantings to combat TSWV. These result in distinctly different peanut canopies and presumably different microclimates at the infection courts for soilborne diseases. The effect of these changes on stem rot development and "within canopy" environment will be quantified in plots with a range of seeding rates and row spacings. Two peanut cultivars, Georgia Browne and MDR-98, with similar range of disease susceptibility but different growth habits, will be evaluated. 2. Work will continue on a spray advisory for stem rot. Environmental data will be collected from a number of field sites representing a range of environmental conditions and the disease epidemics will be closely followed throughout the season. These data will supplement existing data to formulate the best predictive parameters as to when stem rot is active and when sprays need to be applied. Currently used advisories for leaf spot such as Au-Pnut will be evaluated simultaneously to determine if they can also be used for soilborne diseases. 3. Genotypes from breeding programs in FL and GA will be screened either in field microplots or in the greenhouse for susceptibility to S. rolfsii, R. solani, and C. parasiticum. An exception will be Rhizoctonia limb rot which is often confounded by high levels of stem rot present in the same fields. To screen for this disease, a field will be fumigated with methyl bromide and small plots of each genotype inoculated with Rhizoctonia-infested oat inoculum. 4. The Au-Pecan scab spray advisory will be modified to include three levels of risk (low, moderate, or high) based on manipulating either the protection interval for each spray or the percent chance of rain needed to trigger the next spray. Simulations will be run from historical weather data to evaluate the different models and determine the timing and number of sprays that would be applied in a "normal" year with each advisory. 5. Small plot replicated studies will be conducted at the experiment station in Tifton where pecan orchards and peanut disease nurseries are avalialbe. These studies will evaluate separate components of disease management programs such as new fungicides, novel germplasm, reduced spray schedules, cultural practices, etc. as well as combinations of these in integrated programs. All studies will be taken to yield with quality parameters evaluated to allow determination of economic impacts.

Progress 03/01/02 to 02/28/07

Outputs
New procedures for evaluating disease susceptibility of peanut were developed. Over 120 genotypes were evaluated and a wide range of susceptibility found to stem rot, Cylindrocladium black rot (CBR), leaf spot, root knot nematode, and Rhizoctonia limb rot. Some of these lines are now released as cultivars and some are near release. This information was also vital in constructing the Georgia Fungal Disease Risk Index which guides growers in using fungicides only as needed based on disease risk in specific fields. After small plot validation, 14 grower trials were conducted. Economic returns from reduced inputs were equal or greater than full inputs in 13 of 14 trials, and this program is being adopted by extension as well as industry. A 3-year study evaluated the effects of irrigation timing relative to fungicide sprays and identified optimum time intervals to maximize control of foliar and/or soilborne diseases. Prothioconazole was also shown to be the first fungicide with consistent activity on Cylindrocladium black rot, and a registration for this use has been submitted to EPA by Bayer Cropscience. In pecans, the AU-Pecan spray advisory was as effective on pecan scab with 6 sprays as 8 sprays on a calendar basis. Experimental versions of AU-Pecan using a shorter protection interval were also effective, and grower trials are being planned for 2007 to validate those on a larger scale.

Impacts
Diseases are one of the biggest constraints to peanut and pecan production, and fungicides are the single greatest input for most growers. This research will help them get the most return from those dollars, and has also identified promising alternative control measures. The combined effect is to help growers in Georgia remain economically competitive, and keep agriculture a vital part of our economy.

Publications

  • Woodward, J. E., T. B. Brenneman, R. C. Kemerait, A. K. Culbreath, and N. B. Smith. 2006. On-farm evaluation of the University of Georgia fungal disease risk index. Proc. Amer. Peanut Res. and Educ. Soc., Page 18.
  • Tankersley, T. B., T. B. Brenneman, R. C. Kemerait, J. E. Woodward, J. P. Beasley, Jr., and J. A. Baldwin. 2006. Four year evaluation study of certain peanut varieties for economic disease management strategies. Proc. Amer. Peanut Res. and Educ. Soc., Page 20.
  • Clark, J. R., J. E. Woodward, T. B. Brenneman, R. C. Kemerait, A. K. Culbreath, and N. B. Smith. 2006. Cultivar response to standard and reduced fungicide programs in fields with no history of peanut production. Proc. Amer. Peanut Res. and Educ. Soc., Page 20.
  • Davis, R. F., T. B. Brenneman, and T. M. Webster. 2006. tropical spiderwort as a host for nematodes and diseases. Proc. Amer. Peanut Res. and Educ. Soc., Page 22.
  • Woodward, J. E., T. B. Brenneman, R. C. Kemerait, A. K. Culbreath, and J. R. Clark, 2006. Scleortinia blight in Georgia and evidence for resistance to Sclerotinia sclerotiorum in runner peanut. Plant Health Progress doi:10.1094/PHP -2006-0531-01-RS.
  • Davis, R. F., T. M. Webster, and T. B.Brenneman 2006. Host status of tropical spiderwort (Commelina benghalis) for nematodes. Weed Sci. 54:1137-1141.
  • Sconyers, L., and T. B. Brenneman, 2006. Effects of row pattern, seeding rate and inoculation date on fungicide efficacy and development of peanut stem rot. Plant Disease (Accepted Sept 12, 2006)
  • Timper, P., and T. B. Brenneman , 2006. Pearl millet as a rotation crop for peanut. Plant Health Progress, Accepted Nov. 2006
  • Brenneman, T. B., A K. Culbreath, and C. C. Holbrook. 2006. Evaluation of peanut cultivars for resistance to Rhizoctonia limb rot. Proc. Amer. Peanut Res. And Educ. Soc., Page 4.
  • Dong, W., T. B. Brenneman, C. C. Holbrook, and A. K. Culbreath. 2006. Development of inoculation techniques to screen peanut for resistance to Cylindrocladium parasiticum in the greenhouse. Phytopathology 96:S31.
  • Brenneman, T. B. and S. L. Brown. 2006 Use of chlorpyrifos to supplement full- and reduced-input fungicide programs for control of peanut stem rot. Phytopathology 96.
  • Stevenson, K. L., T. B. Brenneman, P. F. Bertrand and J. H. Brock 2006. Performance of DMI fungicides for nut scab control in pecan orchards where reduced DMI sensitivity has been documented. Phytopathology 96:S110.
  • Connelly, F. J., R. C. Kemerait, J. E. Woodward, and T. B. Brenneman. 2006. Fewer sprays result in greater profit: The economic benefits of using the University of Georgia fungal risk index. Proc. Amer. Peanut Res. and Educ. Soc., Page 8.
  • Andrews, E. L., M. O. Fourakers, J. E. Woodward, R. C. Kemerait, and T. B. Brenneman. 2006. Management of peanut diseases in fields with low-to-moderate disease risk: A three year evaluation of reduced fungicide programs in Lanier County Georgia. Proc. Amer. Peanut Res. and Educ. Soc., Page 9.
  • Dong, W., C. C. Holbrook, P. Timper, T. Brenneman, and P. Ozias-Akins. 2006. resistance in peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) cultivars and breeding lines to three root-knot nematode species. Proc. Amer. Peanut Res. and Educ. Soc., Page 10.
  • Timper, P., and T. B. Brenneman. 2006. Pearl millet as a rotation crop for reducing nematodes and soil-borne diseases in peanut. Proc. Amer. Peanut Res. and Educ., Page 12.


Progress 01/01/05 to 12/31/05

Outputs
A 3-year peanut study concluded in 2005 demonstrated the importance of irrigation timing in relation to time of fungicide application to maximize the control of foliar and soilborne diseases. Tebuconazole, flutolanil, and azoxystrobin all needed to be on the plant at least 24 hours to obtain maximum control of leaf spot. Suppression of disease on the pods was greatest if irrigation was applied immediately after spraying either tebuconazole or flutolanil, whereas irrigation in the first 96 hours had little effect on control of pod infections with azoxystrobin. In another 3-year study, the insecticide chlorpyrifos was shown to provide additional control of stem rot and increased yield, even when applied in addition to some of our most effective fungicides. Programs using both chlorpyrifos and fungicides for soilborne diseases consistently gave the highest net return per acre. Studies on pecan scab showed that fungicides applied after shell hardening can affect kernel fill and color, thus influencing the value of the crop. Additional studies are needed to better define the benefits of this practice.

Impacts
Fungicides are the single greatest input for most peanut growers. This research will help them get the most return from those dollars by timing irrigation applications relative to fungicide sprays to obtain the best control of both foliar and soilborne diseases. The work on late season pecan sprays will help growers produce the highest quality crop which brings a premium price.

Publications

  • Sconyers, L. E., T. B. Brenneman, and K. L. Stevenson 2005. Effects of plant spacing, inoculation date, and peanut cultivar on epidemics of peanut stem rot and tomato spotted wilt. Plant Dis. 89:969-974.
  • Woodward, J. E., T. B. Brenneman, R. C. Kemerait, Jr., A. K. Culbreath, and J. R. Clark. 2005. First report of Botrytis blight of peanut caused by Botrytis cinerea in Georgia. Plant Dis. 89:910. (Disease Note)
  • Woodward, J.E., T.B. Brenneman, R.C. Kemerait Jr., A.K. Culbreath, and J.R. Clark. 2005. First report of Sclerotinia blight caused by Sclerotinia sclerotiorum on peanut in Georgia. Plant Dis. 89:111. (Disease Note)
  • Brenneman, T. B., C. C. Holbrook, and A. K. Culbreath. 2005. Screening cultivars and advanced germplasm for multiple disease resistance. Proc. Am. Peanut Res. Ed. Soc. 36:In Press.
  • Branch, W. D., T. B. Brenneman, and A. K. Culbreath. 2005. Utilization of early-planted yield test to evaluate for TSWV-resistance among peanut genotypes in Georgia. Proc. Am. Peanut Res. Ed. Soc. 36:In Press.
  • Woodward, J. W., T. B. Brenneman, R. C. Kemerait, Jr., and A. K. Culbreath. 2005. Using integrated disease management data to validate a risk index for southern stem rot. Proc. Am. Peanut Res. Ed. Soc. 36:In Press.
  • Culbreath, A. K., T. B. Brenneman, R. C. Kemerait, and K. L. Stevenson. 2005. Relative performance of tebuconazole and chlorothalonil for control of peanut leaf spot from 1994 through 2004. Proc. Am. Peanut Res. Ed. Soc. 36:In Press.
  • Dong, W., C. C. Holbrook, P. Timper, T. Brenneman and J. P. Noe. 2005. Development and utilization of a more rapid assessment method to identify resistance to Meloidogyne arenaria in peanut. Proc. Am. Peanut Res. Ed. Soc. 36:In Press.
  • Tankersley, T. B., T. B. Brenneman, R. C. Kemerait, J. P. Beasley, and J. Baldwin 2005. Utilizing varieties as a tool in peanut disease management. Proc. Am. Peanut Res. Ed. Soc. 36:In Press.
  • Sorensen, R. B., T. B. Brenneman, and M. C. Lamb 2005. Conservation tillage, winter cover crop, peanut variety, and fungicide rate on peanut yield. Proc. Am. Peanut Res. Ed. Soc. 36:In Press.
  • Nuti, R. C., Faircloth, W. H., Bennett, C. T., Davidson, J. and T. Brenneman 2005. The effect of planting pattern and disease management on peanut yield and grade. Proc. Am. Peanut Res. Ed. Soc. 36:In Press.


Progress 01/01/04 to 12/31/04

Outputs
The susceptibility of over 120 genotypes of peanut to several diseases was evaluated. A wide range of susceptibility was found to stem rot, Cylindrocladium black rot (CBR), leaf spot, and root knot nematode, and Rhizoctonia limb rot. Some were much more susceptible than current cultivars and will not be useful, while others showed potentially valuable levels of resistance. Cultivars GA-02C, GA-01R, and Carver all showed beneficial resistance to CBR compared to Georgia Green. JAU6476 from Bayer again showed promising levels of control for CBR, especially when applied in furrow and post-emergence. Reduced fungicide inputs were evaluated in multiple locations to evaluate the utility of the Georgia Fungal Disease Risk Index. Reduced fungicide programs gave good levels of disease control and yield at most locations, but one site in Tift county had significantly more disease and lower yield than in full fungicide programs. Use of this index should allow growers to safely use less fungicides. Studies in controlled microplots showed that irrigation within 6-12 hours of spraying can reduce control of foliar diseases, but that some irrigation is needed to maximize activity on soilborne pathogens. In pecans, the AU-Pecan spray advisory was as effective with 6 sprays as 8 sprays on a calender basis. Experimental versions of AU-Pecan using a shorter protection interval were also effective, but those with a longer interval had more disease.

Impacts
This research has provided greatly improved options for management of several damaging peanut and pecan diseases. The data on susceptibility of peanut genotypes to disease will help breeders in selecting germplasm to develop and will also help us apply other control measures on an "as needed" basis.

Publications

  • Kemerait, R. C., T. B. Brenneman, A. K. Culbreath, J. E. Woodward, E. L. Andrews, M. Fourakers, and M. L. Wells, 2004. Development and field evaluation of a fungal disease risk index for peanuts in Georgia. Proc. American Peanut Research and Education Society, Vol. 36, p. 59.
  • Jordan, E. L. And T. B. Brenneman 2004. Management of peanut disease with metam sodium and fungicides. Proc. American Peanut Research and Education Society, Vol. 36, p. 74.
  • Wright, L. P., B. D. Wingfield, P. W. Crous, T. B. Brenneman, and M. J. Wingfield 2004. Developing polymorphic microsatellites for studying the population genetics of Cylindrocladium parasiticum. Proc. of SASPP Congress.
  • Brenneman, T. B. 2004. Effect of delayed initiation and early termination of fungicide programs on pecan scab. Phytopathology 94:S167.
  • Stevenson, K. L., P. F. Bertrand, and T. B. Brenneman 2004. Evidence for reduced sensitivity to propiconazole in the pecan scab fungus in Georgia. Phytopathology 94:S99.
  • Kemerait, R. C., T. B. Brenneman, A. K. Culbreath, and J. E. Woodward 2004. Development of a fungal disease risk index for peanuts. Phytopathology 94:S50.
  • Heath, M. T., A. K. Culbreath, and T. B. Brenneman 2004. Effect of delayed applications of chlorothalonil, tebuconazole, and pyraclostrobin on peanut early leaf spot. Phytopathology 94:S145.
  • Montfort, W. S., Culbreath, A. K., Stevenson, K. L., Brenneman, T. B., Gorbet, D. W., and Phatak, S. C. 2004. Effects of reduced tillage, resistant cultivars, and fungicide inputs on progress of early leaf spot of peanut (Arachis hypogaea). Plant Dis. 88:858-864.
  • Brenneman, T. B. 2004. Lesson learned in a very wet year. Proc. of the Southeastern Pecan Growers Assoc., Vol 97, p. 60-63.
  • Brenneman, T. B. 2004. Managing Cylindrocladium black rot of peanut with genetic resistance and metam sodium in Georgia. Proc. American Peanut Research and Education Society, Vol. 36, p. 56.
  • Woodward, J. E. And T. B. Brenneman 2004. Effects of irrigation timing on the redistribution of tebuconazole and azoxystrobin on peanut. Proc. American Peanut Research and Education Society, Vol. 36, p. 24.
  • Moore, T. And T. B. Brenneman, 2004. Peanut response to metam sodium and peanut cultivar in southwest Georgia. Proc. American Peanut Research and Education Society, Vol. 36, p. 45.
  • Woodward, J. E., T. B. Brenneman, and R. C. Kemerait 2004. Effects of full and reduced fungicide programs on foliar and soilborne diseases of peanut (Arachis hypogaea). Phytopathology 94:S170.


Progress 01/01/03 to 12/31/03

Outputs
Over 120 advanced breeding lines of peanut from five breeding programs in the United States were evaluated for disease resistance. These genotypes were found to have a wide range of susceptibility to stem rot, Cylindrocladium black rot (CBR), leaf spot, and root knot nematode. Some were much more susceptible than currently grown cultivars and will not be acceptable for release in Georgia, while others had levels of resistance that could be valuable in managing these diseases. Additional studies in infested fields verified the CBR resistance of Georgia-02C, Carver, and GA-01R, often yielding 700-1100 kg/ha higher than currently grown cultivars. Studies evaluating the application of metam sodium for CBR control in twin row peanuts showed the best response when the fumigant was placed directly under each row. There was also an additional response to 140 versus 94 l/ha of fumigant. This difference is usually not seen in single row peanuts. Studies of pecan scab demonstrated a clear link between early season leaf scab levels and severity of nut scab later in the season. Early-terminated spray programs also had greater scab levels but effects on yield were variable.

Impacts
This research has provided greatly improved options for management of several damaging peanut and pecan diseases. The data on susceptibility of peanut genotypes to disease will help breeders in selecting germplasm to develop and will also help us apply other control measures on an "as needed" basis.

Publications

  • Branch, W. D., T. B. Brenneman, and A. K. Culbreath. 2003. Tomato spotted wilt virus resistance among high and normal O/L ratio peanut cultivars with and without irrigation. Crop Protection 22:141-145.
  • Branch, W. D. and T. B. Brenneman, 2003. Field resistance to Cylindrocladium black rot and tomato spotted wilt virus among advance runner-type breeding lines. Crop Protection 22:729-734.
  • Gascho, G. J. and T. B. Brenneman. 2003. Response of strip-tilled peanut to broiler litter, starter fertilizers, and fungicides in an irrigated cropping system. Peanut Sci 30: (Accepted for publication Dec. 9, 2002).
  • Brenneman, T. B., P. Timper, N. A. Minton, and A. W. Johnson. 2003. Comparison of bahiagrass, corn, and cotton as rotational crops for peanut. Proc of Sod Based Cropping System Conference, NFREC, Quincy, FL, Feb 20-21.
  • Brenneman, T. B., R. C. Kemerait, Jr., P. D. Wigley, and C. E. Ellis. 2003. Relative efficacy of aerial-applied versus ground-sprayed tebuconazole on peanut diseases. Phytopathology 93:S11.
  • Brenneman, T. B., R. C. Kemerait, Jr., and S. L. Rideout. 2003. Effects of preplant metam sodium in furrow on Cylindrocladium black rot of peanut in Georgia. Phytopathology 93:S123.
  • Kemerait, R. C., Jr., T. B. Brenneman, and G. Hoogenboom. 2003. Evaluation of Doppler-radar based AU-pnut advisory for disease management in peanut. Phytopathology 93:S44.
  • Rideout, S. L., T. B. Brenneman, and A. K. Culbreath. 2003. Development and evaluation of weather-based spray advisories for southern stem rot of peanuts. Phytopathology 93:S125.
  • Brenneman, T. B. 2003. Effect of seed treatment and fungicides applied in-furrow on peanut diseases and yield. Proc. Amer. Peanut Res. Educ. Soc. 35:In press.
  • Sconyers, L. E., T. B. Brenneman, and K. L. Stevenson. 2003. Influence of row pattern and seeding rate on incidence of TSWV in Georgia Green peanuts. Proc. Amer. Peanut Res. Educ. Soc. 35:In press.
  • Jordan, E. L., and T. B. Brenneman. 2003. Management of peanut diseases in Georgia with metam sodium and fungicides. Proc. Amer. Peanut Res. Educ. Soc. 35:In press.


Progress 01/01/02 to 12/31/02

Outputs
Great progress was made in validating the resistance to Cylindrocladium black rot (CBR) in two recently released cultivars. In trials at two locations, peanut yields were increased by 803 - 816 kg/ha and 1157 - 1250 kg/ha for GA-02C and Carver, respectively, as compared with the commercial standard, Georgia Green. The incidence of CBR at harvest was 40 - 44% lower in these two cultivars than in Georgia Green. The response to fumigation with metam sodium was variable, but the inherent resistance in these cultivars should reduce the need for fumigation. The benefits of in-furrow applications of azoxystrobin and PCNB were evaluated further. On nontreated seed, yield was increased by up to 1034 and 1670 kg/ha in 2001 and 2002, respectively. The effects on plant stand were similar with full and half rates of fungicide, indicating this may be an option for twin-row growers. However, when seed were treated with Vitavax PC, the in-furrow sprays gave no yield increase. In-furrow treatments apparently help insure a good plant stand, but they do not consistently increase yield. In pecans, the AU-Pecan spray advisory was again effective. Experimental versions of AU-Pecan calling for even fewer sprays also controlled scab, but disease pressure was not severe in the test.

Impacts
This research has provided greatly improved options for management of several damaging peanut and pecan diseases and helped growers assess the potential benefit of added inputs such as in-furrow fungicides.

Publications

  • Culbreath, A. K., K. L. Stevenson, and T. B. Brenneman. 2002. Management of late leaf spot of peanut with benomyl and chlorothalonil: A study in preserving fungicide utility. Plant Dis. 86:349-355.
  • Brenneman, T. B., R. C. Kemerait, Jr., and S. L. Rideout, 2002. Effects of preplant metam sodium and azoxystrobin applied in furrow on Cylindrocladium black rot of peanut. Phytopathology 92:In Press.
  • Rideout, S. L., T. B. Brenneman, and K. L. Stevenson, 2002. The influence of environment and host growth for improved fungicide applications for control of southern stem rot of peanut. Phytopathology 92:S102.
  • Rideout, S. L., T. B. Brenneman, and K. L. Stevenson. 2002. A comparison of disease assessment methods for southern stem rot of peanut. Peanut Sci. 29:66-71.
  • Rideout, S. L., T. B. Brenneman, and A. K. Culbreath. 2002. Peanut disease management utilizing an in-furrow treatment of azoxystrobin. Plant Health Progress doi:10.1094/PHP-2002-0916-01-RS.
  • Culbreath, A. K., T. B. Brenneman, and R. C. Kemerait, Jr. 2002. Management of early leaf spot of peanut with pyraclostrobin as affected by rate and spray interval. Online. Plant Health Progress doi:10.1094/PHP-2002-1018-01-RS.
  • Monfort, W. S., A. K. Culbreath, and T. B. Brenneman. 2002. Small and large plot evaluations of strip-tillage, resistant cultivars, and reduced fungicide inputs for management of peanut leaf spot. Proc. Amer. Peanut Res. Educ. Soc. 34:38.
  • Sconyers, L. E., T. B. Brenneman, and K. L. Stevenson. 2002. Effect of twin row spacing on epidemiology of peanut stem rot. Proc. Amer. Peanut Res. Educ. Soc. 34:46.
  • Gascho, G. J. and T. B. Brenneman. 2002. Residual effects of broiler litter application of strip-tilled peanut in a three-year rotation. Proc. Amer. Peanut Res. Educ. Soc. 34:56.
  • Hartzog, D. L., J. Adams, K. Balkcom, J. Baldwin, D. Wright, E. J. Williams, N. Smith, T. Hewitt, T. Brenneman, B. Kemerait, R. N. Gallher, and G. MacDonald. 2002. Interdisciplinary approach to evaluating peanut cultivars planted in twin and single rows by conventional and reduced tillage methods. Proc. Amer. Peanut Res. Educ. Soc. 34:57.
  • Brenneman, T. B. and R. C. Kemerait. 2002. Effects of azoxystrobin, tebuconazole, and flutolanil on Cylindrocladium black rot of peanut. Proc. Amer. Peanut Res. Educ. Soc. 34:61.
  • Branch, W. D. and T. B. Brenneman. 2002. Field evaluation trials of peanut genotypes for cylindrocladium black rot (CBR) resistance. Proc. Amer. Peanut Res. Educ. Soc. 34:84.
  • Rideout, S. L., T. B. Brenneman, A. K. Culbreath, and K. L. Stevenson. 2002. The influence of environment and host growth on epidemics of southern stem rot in peanut. Proc. Amer. Peanut Res. Educ. Soc. 34:104.
  • Walcott, R. R. and T. B. Brenneman. 2002. Prevalence of cylindorcladium black rot in commercial peanut seedlots and the impact of the disease on seed quality. Proc. Amer. Peanut Res. Educ. Soc. 34:104.