Progress 10/01/00 to 09/30/05
Outputs
Seven herbicides and/or desiccants, some in combinations, or with different surfactants, were evaluated in 4 experiments on hops grown in WSU-Prosser yards. A total of 22 treatments were applied. In these tests, hops appeared to be tolerant to all the herbicides tested when applied as desiccants. Herbicides not labeled on hops showing promise as desiccants were carfentrazone, pyraflufen, and flumioxazin. The carfentrazone rate previously tested was 0.03 lb ae/A. Multiple carfentrazone treatments were applied during the growing season and the hops tolerated the treatments well. Two of the materials tested were organic materials, vinegar and Organic Interceptor. Vinegar at 48 g/A did not burn back hop foliage and Organic Interceptor was marginally better, but not satisfactory. Carfentrazone, pyraflufen, flumioxazin, and endothall satisfactorily desiccated hop crowns. Quinclorac was applied over the top of hop crowns in June 2001 to determine hop tolerance. Slight curling
of treated leaves was observed soon after application and persisted throughout the growing season. These plants were evaluated in 2002 and no symptoms were observed. This experiment was repeated in 2002 and will again be evaluated in 2003. The emergence of pinto beans treated preemergence with dimethenamid-P plus pendimethalin were delayed 4 to 7 days when compared to the nontreated control and standard herbicide. Imazamox applied postemergence slightly stunted the beans. The addition of imazamox over the top of the beans treated with the preemergence treatments further stunted beans. Bentazon applied with imazamox did not seem to safen the imazamox treatment. Dormant alfalfa was treated with several herbicides to determine henbit control. The herbicides in the test were imazamox, imazapyr, flumioxazin, paraquat, imzamox plus paraquat, norflurazon plus paraquat, metribuzin paraquat, terbacil plus paraquat, flumioxazin plus paraquat. The only treatments that did not adequately control
henbit were imazpyr, norflurazon and paraquat when used alone.
Impacts
Research supports the registration of carfentrazone for use by hop growers to burn back brush . If registered by the Environmental Protection Agency, the costs for growers for this operation will be significantly reduced while at the same time resulting in reduced herbicide use with better results.
Publications
- No publications reported this period
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Progress 01/01/03 to 12/31/03
Outputs
Six herbicides and/or desiccants, some in combinations, or with different surfactants, were evaluated on hops grown in WSU-Prosser yards. Hops were tolerant to all the herbicides tested when applied as desiccants. Herbicides not labeled on hops showing promise as desiccants were carfentrazone, pyraflufen, and flumioxazin. All treatments effectively desiccated hops, however, the effects before regrowth lasted longer with flumioxazin than with pyraflufen, paraquat plus endothal, or carfentrazone. Multiple carfentrazone treatments were applied at 0.0125 and 0.025 lb ai/A during the growing season and the hops tolerated the treatments well. However, multiple applications at the higher rate were more efficacious than the lower rate. Carfentrazone, pyraflufen, flumioxazin, and endothall satisfactorily desiccated hop crowns. Quinclorac was applied over the top of hop crowns in June 2002 to determine hop tolerance. Slight curling of the leaves treated was observed soon after
application and persisted throughout the growing season. These plants were evaluated in 2003 and no symptoms were observed. A seedling alfalfa field grown for seed was treated with four herbicides for prickly lettuce control. The herbicides in the test were various rates of bromoxynil, terbacil, 2,4-DB, MCPB, and bentazon.. As expected the size of the prickly lettuce at time of treatment influenced control and the results were variable..
Impacts
Research supports the registration of carfentrazone for use by hop growers to burn back brush . If registered by the Environmental Protection Agency, the costs for growers for this operation will be significantly reduced while at the same time resulting in reduced herbicide use with better results.
Publications
- Parker, R. 2003. Chemical weed control. In: 2003 Crop protection guide for tree fruits in Washington. WA St. Univ. Coop. Ext. EB0419.
- Parker, R. 2003. Water conservation, weed control go hand in hand. WA St. Univ. Coop. Ext. EM4856
- Parker, R. 2003. What happens to herbicides in the soil under drought conditions. WA St. Univ. Coop. Ext. EM 4858.
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Progress 01/01/02 to 12/31/02
Outputs
Management of weed populations is essential to successful crop production. Annual weed species are problematic throughout U.S. agriculture and the weed seedbank is the source of future weed infestations. Understanding the fate of weed seeds in the soil provides insight into manipulating seed fate in agronomic systems and predicting the variability in weed seedling emergence. Seedbank decay studies have been conducted throughout the U.S. to improve understanding of population dynamics of weed seedbanks. Seed of three problematic species/groups (common lambsquarters, foxtails, and velvetleaf) were collected at seed rain, buried, and evaluated for seed decay and emergence over the course of one year. Intact seed of each were placed in mesh seed bags and buried in the fall at three depths. Seed bags were buried or retrieved from the soil at 1) time of spring tillage, 2) corn canopy closure, and 3) seed rain. A one-year burial treatment was added within the last year. In
addition to information on soil temperature dynamics, % intact seed remaining, % germinated seed, and % decayed seed were determined as seed bags were retrieved. This study was initiated in fall 2001 and was repeated in 2002.
Impacts
Eight to twelve states conducted this project in 2001 and several repeated the study in 2002. Scientists from Michigan State University are currently compiling data from each state and are awaiting final data from the current field season. Several locations expanded the number of species studies to include other problematic weeds of production agriculture. Data were discussed at the NC-202 meetings in Nebraska City, NE (2002) and Urbana,IL (2003). Data are being used to further develop a foxtail emergence model being developed at Iowa State University which will be validated over the next couple of years.
Publications
- No publications reported this period
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Progress 01/01/01 to 12/31/01
Outputs
This project is new, therefore no progress has been made.
Impacts
(N/A)
Publications
- No publications reported this period
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