Progress 10/01/01 to 09/30/06
Outputs
OBJECTIVE 1. Developing Value Added Products from Renewable/Recyclable Resources. A. Synthesis and Characterization of Glucose-Based Polyhydroxylated Nylons (Glylons). Glylon 6,6, which is the correspondent of petroleum-based Nylon 6,6, has been prepared from activated glycaric acid (lactone form) and 1,6 hexamethylene diamine. Since the polymer decomposes right after melting (160-180 C), a solvent (N-methyl-morpholine oxide) has been identified for Glylons allowing the preparation of solutions for fiber spinning and film casting. Macroscopic spherulites (mm scale) have been formed in 2-20 percent concentrations. Composite blends have been prepared from Glylon 6,6 and pulp (DP = 640). Concentrated solutions of Glylon 6,6 and of blends showed a shear-induced organization which was shear-rate and temperature dependent. B. Preparation and Characterization of Nonwoven Materials Based on Natural Fibers and Synthetic/Biobased Polymers. A cooperation with the University of
Tennessee at Knoxville, TN, University of Arkansas at Fayetteville, AR and the USDA ARS Southern Regional Research Center from New Orleans, LA allowed the preparation of biodegradable nonwoven composites based on bagasse, cotton, ramie, or kenaf fibers and biodegradable polyester melt-bound nonwovens as well as of composite nonwovens prepared from greige cotton, jute, flax and polypropylene fibers. Biobased nonwoven composites were obtained from bagasse and cotton fibers by replacing synthetic polymers with bio-derived polyesters (polyhydroxyalkanoates, PHA). Durable fire retarding composition (containing phosphorus for fire retarding and melamine formaldehyde for crosslinking of cellulose) and non-durable, washable formulations (containing phosphorus or boron with no crosslinker) have been applied. In view of the advances in technologies for recovering aconitic acid from sugar cane that should lower its cost and continued need within the sugar cane industry to find alternative
products, sugarcane-derived esters of aconitic acid have been used for plasticization of PVC and of biobased polyesters. The study was undertaken to evaluate the industrial potential of aconitates as substitutes of phthalates for plasticization of PVC (cooperation with LSU AgCenter Audubon Sugar Institute). New sandwich type layered nonwovens have been prepared from bagasse and cotton webs using a solution of cellulose obtained from recyclable cotton textiles (cooperation with UL Lafayette). Wood fibers and synthetic polymers (PVC, polyolefins) were also used for preparation of stable sandwich-type materials by pressing to form laminate products with foreseen applications in buildings and auto industries (cooperation with LSU Department of Renewable Resources). OBJECTIVE 2. Developing Bioprocessing and Related New Technologies for Textiles. LSU did not participate to this objective. OBJECTIVE 3. Developing and Evaluating Textile Systems for Protective and Medical Applications.
Carboxymethylated cotton nonwovens have been prepared and tested as bandages for healing of moist wounds. Cellulose derivatives and saccharide oligomers have been oxidized and their biological activity has been evaluated in vivo.
Impacts
Biodegradable nonwoven materials prepared from annual plants (cotton, kenaf, sugar cane), agricultural wastes (bagasse) and recyclable cotton textiles are good candidates to compete with and/or replace nonwoven textiles based on natural fibers and oil-derived synthetic polymers. Promotion of new uses of cotton fibers in composite nonwoven materials will impact the US cotton industry in search for new cotton applications. Production of sugar cane derived biobased plasticizers coupled with the use of bagasse in technical materials will impact positively the sugar cane industry in this country.
Publications
- Ioan I. Negulescu and Roger A. Laine, Biomass Glucose Derived Fiber Forming Polyamides, LEQSF(2000-03)-RD-B-04, Proposal and Reports 2002-04, LA BOR, Baton Rouge, LA..
- Ioan I. Negulescu, Chen Yan, Ovidiu-Iulius Chiparus, Mary M. Warnock and Larry C. Wadsworth, Biodegradable Nonwovens Based on Bagasse and Polyesters, Book of Papers (CD-ROM), Beltwide Cotton/Fifth International Nonwoven Conference, Atlanta, GA, January 11-12, 2002
- Chen, Y., Chiparus, O., Sun, L., Negulescu, I., Parikh, D. V., and Calamari, T. A. Natural Fibers for Automotive Nonwoven Composites. Journal of Industrial Textiles, 35, 47-62, (2005).
- Val Yachmenev, Ioan Negulescu and Chen Yan. Thermal Insulation Properties of Cellulosic-Based Nonwoven Composites. Journal of Industrial Textiles, 36:1, 73-86 (2006).
- Parikh, D. V., Sachinvala, N. D., Calamari, T. and Negulescu, I., Carboxymethylated Cotton for Moist Wound Healing, AATCC Review, 3(6), 15-19, (2003).
- Negulescu, I. I., Y. Chen, O. I. Chiparus and D. V. Parikh, Composite Nonwoven Materials Based on Kenaf and Other Natural Fibers, in International Development of Kenaf and Allied Fibers, Aimin Liu Editor, CCG International Inc., Minneapolis, MN, 2004, pp. 84-98.
- Chen, Y. J., O. I. Chiparus, L. Sun, I. I. Negulescu, J. Kuttruff and V. G. Yachmenev, Comparative Study on Kenaf Nonwoven for Automobile Headliner, in International Development of Kenaf and Allied Fibers, Aimin Liu Editor, CCG International Inc., Minneapolis, MN, 2004, pp. 65-83.
- Lu, J. Z., Q. Wu, I. I. Negulescu, Wood-fiber/High-Density-Polyethylene Composites: Compounding Process, J. Applied Polymer Science, Vol. 93, 2570-78 (2004).
- Chen, Y., Chiparus, O., Sun, L., Negulescu, I., Parikh, D. V. and Calamari, T. A. Waste Bagasse for Production of Nonwoven Composites International Sugar Journal, 2004. 106 (NO 1262): 86-92.
- Lu, Zhang J., Negulescu, Ioan I. and Q. Wu. Surface and Interfacial Characterization of Wood-PVC Composites: Thermal and Dynamic Mechanical Properties. Wood and Fiber Science, 36(4): 500-510 (2004).
- Lu, J.Z., Q. Wu, and I.I. Negulescu. Wood-Fiber/High-Density-Polyethylene Composites: Coupling Agent Performance. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 96:93-102 (2005).
- Lu, J.Z., I.I. Negulescu, and Q. Wu. Maleated Wood- Fiber/High-Density-Polyethylene Composites: Coupling Mechanisms and Interfacial Characterization. Comp. Interfaces, 12(1-2):125-140 (2005).
- Yan Chen, Liangfeng Sun, Ovidiu Chiparus, Ioan Negulescu, Val Yachmenev and Mary Warnock, Kenaf/Ramie Composite for Automotive Headliner, J. Polymer and Environment, 13(2), 107-114 (2005)
- Yan Chen, Liangfeng Sun, Ioan I. Negulescu, Mary A. Moore, and Billie J. Collier, Evaluating Efficiency of Alkaline Treatment for Waste Bagasse, J. Macromol. Sci., Part B: Physics, 44, 397-411 (2005)
- Negulescu, Ioan I. and Uglea, Constantin V. Biological Activity of Oxidized Polysaccharides. In: Modified Fibres for Medical and Specialty Applications. Ed. Edwards, Goheen, Buschle-Diller. Dordrecht, The Netherlands: Kluwer Academic Publishers, Chapter 8, 125-143 (2006)
- Ioan I. Negulescu, Yan (Jonathan) Chen, Xiaoqun Zhang, Michael Saska, Liangfeng Sun, Gita Ramaswami and Dharnidhar Parikh. Fire Retarded Biobased Non-Woven Composites, 2006 Beltwide Cotton Conferences Ninth Nonwovens Symposium, San Antonio, TX, Jan 5-6, 2006 (CD-ROM).
- I. Negulescu, J. Chen, X. Zhang, N. Jiang, L. Sun, and D. V. Parikh. Flame Retarded Biobased Nonwoven Composites Prepared Entirely from Annual Plants, 2006 International Nonwoven Technical Conference, September 25-28, Houston, Texas(CD-ROM).
- Nicholas Gil, Ioan Negulescu, and Michael Saska. Evaluation of the Effects of Bio-Based Plasticizers on Thermal and Mechanical Properties of Poly(Vinyl Chloride. Journal of Applied Polymer Science 102 (2), 1366-73 (2006).
- John Z. Lu, Qinglin Wu, Ioan I. Negulescu, and Yan Chen, The Influences of Fiber Feature and Polymer Melt Index on Mechanical Properties of Sugarcane Fiber/Polymer Composites, Journal of Applied Polymer Science, Vol.102, 5607-5619 (2006).
- B. J. Collier, J. R. Collier, S. Petrovan and I. I. Negulescu. Recycling of Cotton. In: Cotton - Science and Technology. Edited by S. Gordon and Y-L. Hsieh, Published by Woodhead Publishing Limited, Abington Hall, Abington, Cambridge CB1 6AH, England (2007).
- Ioan I. Negulescu, Chen Yan, Ovidiu-Iulius Chiparus, Mary M. Warnock, Larry C. Wadsworth and Val G. Yachmenev, Biodegradable Sandwich-Type Cellulosics/Polyester Nonwovens: Manufacture and Properties, Book of Papers (CD-ROM), INDA/TAPPI International Nonwoven Technical Conference, Atlanta, GA, September 24-27, 2002.
- Ioan I. Negulescu, Ovidiu I. Chiparus, Yan Chen and Dharnid V. Parikh, Manufacture and Analysis of Nonwoven Composites Based on Annual Plant Fibers and Polypropylene, paper prepared for TANDEC International Conference, Knoxville, TN, November 27-28, 2002.
- Jacquelene Robeck and Ioan I. Negulescu, Textile Life Cycle Waste Management and Resource Recovery Mode, Louisiana Board of Regents Project LEQSF(2002-04)ENH-TR-77, Proposal and Reports 2002-04, LA BOR, Baton Rouge, LA.
- John Z. Lu, Qinglin Wu and Ioan I. Negulescu, The Influence of Maleation on Polymer Adsorption and Fixation, Wood Surface Wettability, and Interfacial Bonding Strength in Wood-PVC Composites, Wood and Fiber Science, 34(3), 434-459 (2002).
- Ioan Negulescu and William Todd, Metal Coloration of Textiles: Biodegradation of Residuals, Paper (Book of Abstracts) presented at AATCC IC&E, Charlotte, NC, October 1-4, 2002.
- Mihaela Cucu, Ioan I. Negulescu and Roger A. Laine. Polyhydroxylated Nylons: Glylon 6,6. Paper presented (Book of Abstracts) at the AATCC IC&E, Charlotte, NC, October 2-4, 2002.
- Ioan I. Negulescu, Chen Yan, Ovidiu-Iulius Chiparus, Xiaoqun Zhang, Mihaela Cucu, Dharni V. Parikh and Valeriy G. Yachmenev Lyocell Stabilized Nonwoven Composites, Book of Papers (CD-ROM), Beltwide Cotton/Sixth International Nonwoven Conference, Nashville, TN, January 9-10, 2003.
- Ioan I. Negulescu, Chen Yan, Ovidiu-Iulius Chiparus, Mary M. Warnock, Larry C. Wadsworth and Val G. Yachmenev, Biodegradable Sandwich-Type Cellulosics/Polyester Nonwovens: Manufacture and Properties, Book of Papers (CD-ROM), INDA/TAPPI International Nonwoven Technical Conference, Atlanta, GA, September 24-27, 2002.
- Ioan I. Negulescu, Ovidiu I. Chiparus, Yan Chen and Dharnid V. Parikh, Manufacture and Analysis of Nonwoven Composites Based on Annual Plant Fibers and Polypropylene, TANDEC International Conference, Knoxville, TN, November 27-28, 2002.
- John Z. Lu, Qinglin Wu and Ioan I. Negulescu, The Influence of Maleation on Polymer Adsorption and Fixation, Wood Surface Wettability, and Interfacial Bonding Strength in Wood-PVC Composites, Wood and Fiber Science, 34(3), 434-459 (2002).
- Melissa Dunn, Ronald F. Malone, Kelly A. Rusch and Ioan Negulescu Biodegradable and Biobased Polymers for Textile Materials, Paper (Book of Abstracts) presented at AATCC IC&E, Greenville, SC, September 9-12, 2003.
- John R. Collier, Ioan I. Negulescu and Billie J. Collier, US Patent 6,511,746. Cellulosic Microfibers. Issued to LSU on January 28 2003.
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Progress 01/01/05 to 12/31/05
Outputs
Under the Objective 1 Developing Value Added Products from Renewable and ot Recyclable Resources the first project dealt with preparation and characterization of nonwoven materials based on biobased materials. This project was carried out in cooperation with the USDA Southern Regional Research Center from New Orleans, LA. It allowed the preparation of fire retarded biodegradable nonwoven composites made of bagasse and cotton fibers and stabilized by bio-derived polyesters. The foreseen applications are in buildings and auto industries. Fire retarding, mechanical and thermal properties have been investigated and reported. The second project referred to the use of wood fibers and polymers for preparation of stable sandwich-type materials. It has been developed through the cooperation the LSU Department of Renewable Resources. Short wood fibers have been blended with synthetic polymers such as PVC and, polyolefins and the composition was pressed to obtain laminate
products of variable thickness. Thermal transitions, wettability and mechanical properties have been analyzed. A third project aimed to preparation of biobased plasticizers for polymer industry. In view of the advances in technologies for recovering aconitic acid from sugar cane that should lower its cost and continued need within the sugar cane industry to find alternative products, the study was undertaken to re-evaluate the industrial potential of aconitates and provide its comparison as a PVC plasticizer with citrates and phthalates. It has been shown that the activity of aconitates is better than that of citrates and phthalates. Under the Objective 3 Developing and Evaluating Textile Systems for Protective and Medical Applications, a new study was carried out on biological activity of oxidized polysaccharides. Cellulose derivatives as well as saccharide oligomers have been oxidized and their biological activity has been evaluated in vivo using mice and rats.
Impacts
Biodegradable nonwoven materials prepared from annual plants (cotton, kenaf, sugar cane), agricultural wastes (bagasse) and recyclable cotton textiles are good candidates to compete with and/or replace nonwoven textiles based on natural fibers and oil-derived synthetic polymers. Production of sugar cane derived biobased plasticizers coupled with the use of bagasse in technical materials will impact positively the sugar cane industry in this country.
Publications
- Ioan Negulescu, Nicholas Gil and Michael Saska. Evaluation of the Effects of Bio-Based Plasticizers on Thermal and Mechanical Properties of Poly(Vinyl Chloride. Journal of Applied Polymer Science 100, xxx, 2006
- Chen, Y., Chiparus, O., Sun, L., Negulescu, I., Parikh, D. V., and Calamari, T. A. Natural fibers for automotive nonwoven composites. Journal of Industrial Textiles, 35, 47-62, 2005
- Yan Chen, Liangfeng Sun, Ovidiu Chiparus, Ioan Negulescu, Val Yachmenev and Mary Warnock. Kenaf and Ramie Composite for Automotive Headliner. Journal of Polymer and Environment, 13, 107-114, 2005
- Yan Chen, Liangfeng Sun, Ioan I. Negulescu, Mary A. Moore, and Billie J. Collier. Evaluating Efficiency of Alkaline Treatment for Waste Bagasse. Journal of Macromolecular Science, Part B: Physics, 44, 397-411, 2005
- Lu, J.Z., Q. Wu, and I.I. Negulescu. 2005. Wood-Fiber High-Density-Polyethylene Composites: Coupling Agent Performance. Journal of Applied Polymer Science 96, 93-102, 2005
- Lu, J.Z., I.I. Negulescu, and Q. Wu. Maleated Wood-Fiber High-Density-Polyethylene Composites: Coupling Mechanisms and Interfacial Characterization. Composite Interfaces, 12, 125-140, 2005
- Negulescu, Ioan I. and Uglea, Constantin V. Biological Activity of Oxidized Polysaccharides. In: Modified Fibres for Medical and Specialty Applications. Ed. Edwards, Goheen, Buschle-Diller. Dordrecht, The Netherlands: Kluwer Academic Publishers, 2005. Chapter 8, 125-148
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Progress 01/01/04 to 12/31/04
Outputs
Objective 1. Developing Value Added Products from Renewable/Recyclable Resources. Project 1. Preparation and characterization of nonwoven materials based on biobased materials. This cooperation with the University of Louisiana at Lafayette, La., and the USDA Southern Regional Research Center from New Orleans, La., allowed the preparation of biodegradable nonwoven composites based on bagasse, cotton, ramie, or kenaf fibers and synthetic or bio-derived polymers. Microbial polkyhydroxyalkanoates (obtained from Metabolix, Inc.) were characterized and used for bonding cellulose fibers in nonwoven products. The applications are foreseen in buildings and auto industries as panels or phonic absorbers. Mechanical and thermal properties have been investigated and reported. Project 2. Textile Life Cycle Waste Management and Resource Recovery Model. This cooperative effort between University of Louisiana at Lafayette and LSU continued by preparing new Bread-Butter-Bread Sandwich
type nonwovens based on bagasse and cotton webs (Bread) using a solution of cellulose (Lyocell) prepared from recyclable cotton fabrics (Butter). Stable all cellulosic nonwoven materials have been obtained after pressing at 150C, washing out the solvent and drying. Foreseen applications can vary from filters to panels. Project 3. Use of Wood Fibers and Polymers for Preparation of Stable Sandwich-Type Materials. This project has been developed through the cooperation with the LSU School of Renewable Natural Resources. Wood fibers have been reacted with maleic anhydride in order to increase compatibility with synthetic polymers. Foreseen applications are in fabrication of wood-type profiles and panels. Thermal transitions, wettability and mechanical properties were determined.
Impacts
Biodegradable nonwoven materials prepared from annual plants (cotton, kenaf, sugar cane), agricultural wastes (bagasse) and recyclable cotton textiles are good candidates to compete with and/or replace nonwoven textiles based on natural fibers and oil-derived synthetic polymers. Production of sugar cane derived biobased polyhydroxyalkanoates coupled with the use of bagasse in technical materials will impact positively the sugar cane industry in this country.
Publications
- Ioan Negulescu, Yan Chen, Jacquelene Robeck, Xiaoqun Zhang and Liangfeng Sun. Biodegradable Composite Nonwoven Materials Based on Recyclable Cotton Textiles. The Ninth Annual Conference on Recycling of Fibrous Textile and Carpet Waste, Dalton, Georgia, May 10-11, 2004; Book chapter in: Recycling in Textiles, Edited by Y. Wang, Woodhead Publishing Ltd., London, 2005.
- Negulescu, I. I., Y. Chen, O. I. Chiparus and D. V. Parikh, Composite Nonwoven Materials Based on Kenaf and Other Natural Fibers, in International Development of Kenaf and Allied Fibers, Aimin Liu Editor, CCG International Inc., Minneapolis, MN, 2004, pp. 84-98.
- Chen, Y. J., O. I. Chiparus, L. Sun, I. I. Negulescu, J. Kuttruff and V. G. Yachmenev, Comparative Study on Kenaf Nonwoven for Automobile Headliner, in International Development of Kenaf and Allied Fibers, Aimin Liu Editor, CCG International Inc., Minneapolis, MN, 2004, pp. 65-83.
- Lu, J. Z., Q. Wu, I. I. Negulescu, Wood-fiber High-Density-Polyethylene Composites. Compounding Process, J. Applied Polymer Science, 2004, Vol. 93, 2570-78.
- Chen, Y., Chiparus, O., Sun, L., Negulescu, I., Parikh, D. V. and Calamari, T. A. Waste Bagasse for Production of Nonwoven Composites, International Sugar Journal, 2004, Vol. 106(NO 1262), 86-92.
- Lu, Zhang J. and Negulescu, Ioan I. et al. Surface and Interfacial Characterization of Wood-PVC Composites. Thermal and Dynamic Mechanical Properties, Wood and Fiber Science, 2004, Vol.36(4), 500-510.
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Progress 01/01/03 to 12/31/03
Outputs
Objective 1. Developing Value Added Products from Renewable/Recyclable Resources. Project One: Synthesis and Characterization of Glucose-Based Polyhydroxylated Nylons (Glylons). Glylon 6,6, which is the correspondent of petroleum-based Nylon 6,6, has been prepared from activated glycaric acid (lactone form) and 1,6 hexamethylene diamine. The macroscopic spherulites (mm scale) formed in 2-20% concentrations and identified in the previous year have been investigated by small angle X-ray using the synchrotron facilities from Stanford University. Composite blends have been prepared from Glylon 6,6 and pulp and investigated in order to establish the temperature domain for spinning fiber from solutions. Concentrated solutions of Glylon 6,6 and of blends showed a shear-induced organization which was shear-rate and temperature dependent. Project Two: Preparation and Characterization of Nonwoven Materials Based on Natural and Synthetic Fibers. This cooperation with the USDA
Southern Regional Research Center from New Orleans, LA allowed the preparation of biodegradable nonwoven composites based on bagasse, cotton, ramie, or kenaf fibers and biodegradable polyester melt-bound nonwovens as well as of composite nonwovens prepared from greige cotton, jute, flax and polypropylene fibers. Mechanical and thermal properties have been investigated and reported. Project three: Textile Life Cycle Waste Management and Resource Recovery Model. This is a cooperative effort with University of Louisiana at Lafayette. Bread-Butter-Bread Sandwich type nonwovens have been prepared based on bagasse and cotton webs (Bread) using a solution of cellulose prepared from recyclable cotton fabrics and acetate fibers acting as a plasticizer (Butter). Stable all cellulosic nonwoven materials have been obtained after pressing at 150 C, washing out the solvent and drying. Project Four: Use of Wood Fibers and Polymers for Preparation of Stable Sandwich-Type Materials. This project has
been developed through the cooperation with the LSU Department of Renewable Resources. Wood fibers have been reacted with maleic anhydride in order to increase compatibility with synthetic polymers. Thermal transitions and mechanical properties are have been investigated and reported. Project Five: Characterization of Plant-Derived Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs). This project has been developed through the cooperation with the LSU Department of Civil Engineering. Work is underway to develop sugar cane plants that will produce PHAs directly. PHA produced by fermentation of sugar cane molasses has been characterized by DSC and DMA in order to establish Tg, crystallization and melting transitions. Project Six: Characterization of Cellulose and Cellulose Solutions. This project is underway through the cooperation with University of Knoxville, TN and USDA ARS SRRC in New Orleans, LA. Rheology of wood-derived cellulose solutions in NMMO monohydrate has been investigated. Monitoring the
development of cellulosic architecture in cotton bolls until maturity and the chemistry of such fibers is a new project in effect at USDA ARS in New Orleans.
Impacts
Biodegradable nonwoven materials prepared from annual plants (cotton, kenaf, sugar cane), agricultural wastes (bagasse) and recyclable cotton textiles are good candidates to compete with and/or replace nonwoven textiles based on natural fibers and oil-derived synthetic polymers. Production of sugar cane derived biobased polyhydroxyalkanoates coupled with the use of bagasse in technical materials will impact positively the sugar cane industry from this country.
Publications
- Ioan I. Negulescu, Chen Yan, Ovidiu-Iulius Chiparus, Xiaoqun Zhang, Mihaela Cucu, Dharni V. Parikh and Valeriy G. Yachmenev Lyocell Stabilized Nonwoven Composites, Book of Papers (CD-ROM), Beltwide Cotton/Sixth International Nonwoven Conference, Nashville, TN, January 9-10, 2003
- Melissa Dunn, Ronald F. Malone, Kelly A. Rusch and Ioan Negulescu, Biodegradable and Biobased Polymers for Textile Materials, Poster, Book of Papers (CD-ROM), AATCC IC&E, Greenville, SC, September 9-12, 2003
- John R. Collier, Ioan I. Negulescu and Billie J. Collier, US Patent 6,511,746, Cellulosic Microfibers issued to LSU on January 28 2003
- Ioan I. Negulescu, Chen Yan, Xiaoqun Zhang, Liangfeng Sun, Jacquelene Robeck, Valeriy G. Yachmenev, Timothy A. Calamari, Jr., and Dharnidhar V. Parikh, All-Cellulosic Composite Nonwoven Materials, Book of Papers (CD-ROM), INDA/TAPPI International Nonwoven Technical Conference, Baltimore, MD, September 15-18, 2003
- Parikh, D. V., Sachinvala, N. D., Calamari, T. and Negulescu, I., Carboxymethylated Cotton for Moist Wound Healing, AATCC Review, 3(6), 15-19, 2003
- J. Y. Chen, O. Chiparus, L. Sun, I. I. Negulescu, J. Kuttruff and V. G. Yachmenev, Comparative Study on Kenaf Nonwoven for Automotive Headliner, in International Development of Kenaf and Allied Fibers, Editor: Aimin Liu, CCG International, Beijing, China, August 19-21, 2003, pp 65-83
- I. I. Negulescu, Y. Chen, O. I. Chiparus and D. V. Parikh, Composite Nonwoven Materials Based on Kenaf and Other Natural Fibers, in International Development of Kenaf and Allied Fibers, Editor: Aimin Liu, CCG International, Beijing, China, August 19-21, 2003, pp 84-98
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Progress 01/01/02 to 12/31/02
Outputs
Objective 1, Developing Value Added Products from Renewable and Recyclable Resources. Polyhydroxylated Nylons (Glylons) were synthesized from activated glycaric acid (lactone form) and diamines. A solvent has been identified for Glylon 6,6 (corresponding to the petroleum derived Nylon 6,6) for fiber spinning and film casting. Macroscopic spherulites (mm scale) were identified in solutions. Composite blends were prepared with pulp (DP = 640). Concentrated solutions of Glylon 6,6 and of blends showed a shear-induced organization which was shear-rate and temperature dependent. A cooperation with the University of Tennessee at Knoxville, TN, University of Arkansas at Fayetteville, AR and the USDA Southern Regional Research Center from New Orleans, LA allowed the preparation of biodegradable nonwoven composites based on bagasse, cotton, and other annual plants and biodegradable polyester nonwovens or polypropylene fibers. Mechanical and thermal properties were investigated
and reported. Bread and butter sandwiched nonwovens were prepared based on bagasse and cotton webs (bread) using a solution of cellulose obtained from recyclable cotton fabrics (butter). This is a new cooperative effort between University of Louisiana at Lafayette and LSU. In cooperation with the LSU Department of Renewable Resources wood fibers were reacted with maleic anhydride in order to increase compatibility with synthetic polymers. Thermal transitions and mechanical properties were upgraded. A new project concerned the characterization of plant-derived polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs), a family of aliphatic polyesters made by converting sunlight and carbon dioxide from the atmosphere using microbial or plant bio-factories. Work is underway to produce PHAs from cane sugar or directly from sugar cane - much like natural rubber is obtained directly from certain types of trees today. Objective 2, Bio-Processing and Related New Technologies for Textile Applications. Objective 2,
Bio-Processing and Related New Technologies for Textile Applications. It was found that biodegradation of all effluents from coloration of textiles (and leather) with metallic salts occurs naturally at ambient temperature.
Impacts
Polymers originating from agrimaterials (sugars) are presently investigated as counterparts of petroleum-derived polyesters and nylons. At the same time bagasse, a remnant from cane sugar industry can be blended with a variety of recyclable or waste fibers and processed using biodegradable polymers to produce nonwoven materials for a variety of uses. At completion, the above-mentioned projects will benefit both the Louisiana agricultural economy and the textile related industries as materials and employment sources.
Publications
- John Z. Lu, Qinlin Wu and Ioan I. Negulescu, The Influence of Maleation on Polymer Adsorption and Fixation, Wood Surface Wettability, and Interfacial Bonding Strength in Wood-PVC Composites, Wood and Fiber Science, 34(3), 434-459 (2002).
- Linda Kimmel, Ioan Negulescu, Yan Chen, Terri Von Hoven, Elena Graves and William Goynes, Naturally Colored Cotton for Specialty Textile Products, AATCC Review, Vol. 2(5), 25-29 (2002).
- John R. Collier, Ioan I. Negulescu and Billie J. Collier, US Patent 6,511,746 "Cellulosic Microfibers" issued to LSU on January 28 2003.
- Ioan Negulescu, Yan Chen, Ovidiu Chiparus, Mary Warnock and Larry Wadsworth, Biodegradable Nonwovens Based on Bagasse and Polyesters, Book of Papers CD-ROM 2002 Beltwide Cotton Conferences, Fifth Nonwovens Conference, Atlanta, GA, Jan 11-12, 2002.
- Ioan I. Negulescu, Chen Yan and Ovidiu-Iulius Chiparus, Mary M. Warnock, Larry C. Wadsworth, and Val G. Yachmenev, Biodegradable Sandwich-Type Cellulosics/Polyester Nonwovens: Manufacture and Properties, BOOK OF PAPERS CD-ROM INDA/TAPPI International Technical Conference, Atlanta, GA, September 24-26, 2002.
- Mihaela Cucu, Ioan I. Negulescu and Roger A. Laine, Polyhydroxylated Nylons: Glylon 6,6. Book of Papers CD-ROM AATCC International Conference & Exhibition, Charlotte, North Carolina, October 1-4, 2002
- Ioan Negulescu, Natalie Young and William Todd, Metal Coloration of Textiles: Biodegradation of Residuals, Book of Papers CD-ROM AATCC International Conference & Exhibition, Charlotte, North Carolina, October 1-4, 2002
- Ovidiu Chiparus, Ioan Negulescu, Yan Chen and Mary Warnock, Nonwovens based on bagasse, kenaf and biodegradable polyesters, Book of Papers CD-ROM AATCC International Conference & Exhibition, Charlotte, North Carolina, October 1-4, 2002.
- John Z. Lu, Ioan I. Negulescu, and Qinglin Wu (presenter), Thermal and Dynamic-Mechanical Properties of Wood-PVC Composites, Book of Papers 6th Pacific Rim Bio-Based Composites Symposium, & Workshop on The Chemical Modification of Cellulosics, Portland, Oregon, November 10-13, 2002.
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