Progress 05/08/12 to 05/07/17
Outputs
Target Audience:Cattle producers in the Southern Great Plains. Researchers working on summer dormancy in cool-season perennial grasses. Plant breeders. Gardeners. Changes/Problems:
Nothing Reported
What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided?
Nothing Reported
How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest?Three refereed manuscripts, and 1 conference proceedings were published. One presentations for public audience was made at a state conference in 2017. Two presentations were made for stakeholder audience at the state and local levels. Two popular press articles were published by Texas A&M AgriLife Communications and Mr. Plant Geek. What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals?Goal 1: Conduct Additional seed multiplication of summer-dormant TAL-02 tall fescue and TAL-DG-03 oechardgrass breeding lines considered for cultivar release. Goal 2. Continue final multi-state (Texas, Oklahoma) evaluation trials including these two breeding lines and check cultivars (Phase II). Goal 3. Conduct final hybridization of selected tall fescue plants of two F2 families with the highest scores in past evaluation studies. Goal 4. Continue reselection of heat-tolerant perennial ryegrass for leaf rust resistance in cooperation with the industry partner. Goal 5: Explore funding opportunities to secure continuation of research on summer-dormant cool-season grasses. Goal 6: Continue IP development of plant materials under the "Underutilized Crops" Vernon-Center research strategy.
Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals?
Goal 1: Conduct seed multiplication of summer-dormant TAL-02 tall fescue and TAL-DG-03 orchardgrass breeding lines considered for cultivar release. Seed of both grass lines was harvested in June 2017 and stored. Evaluation of F2 tall fescue crosses was completed during the second growing season in spring 2017 and recovery was evaluated in autumn 2017. Goal 2: Establish final multi-state (Texas, Oklahoma, Kansa) evaluation trials including these two breeding lines and check cultivars (Phase II). A new series of evaluation studies including all breeding lines developed in the Forage Program were established on 5 locations in TX and OK in autumn 2017. Expected duration - 3 years. Goal 3: Based on 2017 evaluation results, select maternal plants from F2 tall fescue hybrid families for final hybridization. Two families were identified as superior to others. About 30 genotypes with the most desirable traits per family were selected and replanted for cross-pollination in autumn 2017. Goal 4: Reselect heat-tolerant perennial ryegrass for leaf rust resistance in cooperation with the granting industry partner. Five plants tolerant to leaf rust survived till spring 2017. These plants were cross-pollinated and seed was collected individually. Hundred seedlings of each plant have been planted for initial evaluation in autumn 2017. Goal 5: Explore funding opportunities to secure continuation of research on summer-dormant cool-season grasses. An initial meeting with Dr. Ali Missaoui, Plant Geneticist of the University of Georgia, Athens took place in summer 2017 to develop a research proposal to map genes responsible for expression of summer dormancy in tall fescue. A proposal is planned for 2018. Goal 6: Continue IP development of underutilized crops (winter-hardy hibiscus). Two joint Plant Material Disclosures (32 entries) and one Research Material Disclosure (26 entries) were submitted to TAMUS Technology Commercialization in 2017.
Publications
- Type:
Journal Articles
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2017
Citation:
Min, B.R., W.E. Pinchak, and D.P. Malinowski. 2017. Interrelationships of winter wheat varieties on rumen fermentation rate, forage biomass production, and grain yield dynamics under the grazed out by steers. Journal of Advances in Agriculture 7:1122-1137.
- Type:
Journal Articles
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2017
Citation:
Missaoui, A.M., D.P. Malinowski, W.E. Pinchak, and J. Kigel. 2017. Insights into the drought and heat avoidance mechanism in summer-dormant Mediterranean tall fescue. Frontiers in Plant Science 8:1971. doi: 10.3389/fpls.2017.01971.
- Type:
Journal Articles
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2017
Citation:
Dowling, C.D., B.L. Burson, D. Malinowski, J.J. Heitholt, R.E. Mason, and R.W. Jessup. 2017. Expression of apetala 2 (AP2) and rare cold inducible (RCI2) homologs in overwintering rhizomes of Napiergrass (Pennisetum purpureum Schumach.). Plant Genetics.
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2017
Citation:
West, C., D. Malinowski, and T. McLendon. 2017. Responses of grassland communities to climate changes in Texas and Oklahoma. Proceedings 71st Southern Pastures and Forage Crop Improvement Conference. 5-7 June 2017. Knoxville, TN. https://agrilife.org/spfcic/files/2013/02/Proceedings-71st-SPFCIC.pdf
- Type:
Other
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2017
Citation:
Ledbetter, K., and D.P. Malinowski. 2017. Colorful winter-hardy hibiscus hybrids continue trek to consumer gardens. Texas A&M AgriLife Communications.
https://today.agrilife.org/?s=malinowski&site=ag_collection&output=xml_no_dtd&client=ag_frontend&proxystylesheet=ag_frontend
- Type:
Other
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2017
Citation:
Perry, M., and D.P. Malinowski. 2017. The story behind the flower that amazed the world! Mr. Plant Geek. https://mrplantgeek.com/2017/11/13/the-story-behind-the-flower-that-amazed-the-world/
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Progress 10/01/15 to 09/30/16
Outputs
Target Audience:Cattle producers in the Southern Great Plains. Researchers working on summer dormancy in cool-season perennial grasses. Plant breeders. Gardeners. Changes/Problems:
Nothing Reported
What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided?
Nothing Reported
How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest?Four refereed manuscripts, 2 book chapters, and 1 non-peer reviewed publication were published in scientific journals. One presentations for scientific audience were made at national conference in 2015. Two presentations were made for stakeholder audience at the state and local levels. Three popular press articles were published by Texas A&M AgriLife Communications, Greenhouse Management, and Houston Garden Newsletter. What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals?Goal 1: Conduct seed multiplication of summer-dormant TAL-02 tall fescue and TAL-DG-03 oechardgrass breeding lines considered for cultivar release. Goal 2. Establish final multi-state (Texas, Oklahoma, Kansa) evaluation trials including these two breeding lines and check cultivars (Phase II). Goal 3. Based on 2017 evaluation results, select maternal plants from F2 tall fescue hybrid families for final hybridization. Goal 4. Reselect heat-tolerant perennial ryegrass for leaf rust resistance in cooperation with the granting industry partner. Goal 5: Explore funding opportunities to secure continuation of research on summer-dormant cool-season grasses. Goal 6: Continue IP development of plant materials under the "Underutilized Crops" Vernon-Center research strategy.
Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals?
Goal 1: Continue selection of an early-maturing, heat-tolerant perennial ryegrass line and conduct additional hybridization cycle among best plants that survived 2015 summer drought. About 150 plants were replanted into a pollination block in autumn 2015. Majority of them showed symptoms of leaf rust during excessively wet spring 2016. About 16 plants were much less susceptible to leaf rust. Seed of these plants were collected and stored. The rust-free plants will be used in further breeding. Goal 2: Evaluate productivity and persistence of full-sib families of hybrid tall fescue under mechanical defoliation and grazing. Evaluation of all plants was performed during the first growing season in spring and autumn 2016. Families and plants of interest were identified. Additional evaluation will take place during the second growing season in 2017. Goal 3: Continue collecting forage productivity data from experiments evaluating summer-dormant grasses and small grains as components of cropping systems for Texas. This 3-year experiment was accomplished in 2016. Data were compiled and sent to the PI for project summary. Goal 4: Explore funding opportunities to secure continuation of research on summer-dormant cool-season grasses. No funding opportunities for this research topic were identified during 2016. Goal 5: Continue IP development of underutilized crops (winter-hardy hibiscus). Forty winter-hardy hibiscus, 8 tropical hibiscus, and 4 summer-dormant tall fescue hybrids plant disclsures were submitted to TAMUS Technology Commercialization. Goal 6: Continue collaborative research on methods to prevent bloat in cattle grazing wheat. No new research on this topic was conducted in 2016
Publications
- Type:
Journal Articles
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2016
Citation:
Javed, S., Rauf, S., Paderewski, J., Malinowski, D.P., Saleem, U., Shahzad, M. 2016. Evaluation of Egyptian clover (Trifolium alexandrinum L.) germplasm through redundancy analysis for forage yield and its components. Crop Science 56:11791188.
- Type:
Journal Articles
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2016
Citation:
Belesky, D.P., and D.P. Malinowski. 2016. Grassland communities in the USA and expected trends associated with climate change. Acta Agrobotanica. Acta Agrobotanica 69(2). DOI: http://dx. doi. org/10. 5586/aa. 1673.
- Type:
Journal Articles
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2016
Citation:
Denisow, B. and D.P. Malinowski. 2016. Climate change and the future of our world implications for plant phenology, physiology, plant communities, and crop management. Acta Agrobotanica 69(2). DOI: http://dx. doi. org/10. 5586/aa. 1683.
- Type:
Journal Articles
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2016
Citation:
Norton, M.R., D.P. Malinowski, and F. Volaire. 2016. Plant drought survival under climate change and strategies to improve perennial grasses. A review. Agronomy for Sustainable Development 36:29.
- Type:
Book Chapters
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2016
Citation:
Rauf, S., Sienkiewicz-Paderewska, D., Malinowski, D.P., Hussain, M.M., Niazi, I.A.K., and M. Kausar. 2016. Forages: Ecology, Breeding Objectives and Procedures. p. 149-201. In J.M. Al-Khayri et al. (eds.) Advances in Plant Breeding Strategies, Volume 2: Agronomic, Abiotic and Biotic Stress Traits. Springer International Publishing AG, Cham, Switzerland. pp. 149-201.
- Type:
Book Chapters
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2016
Citation:
Volaire, F., R. Kallida, M. Norton, and D. Malinowski. 2016. Fodder grass selection in the Mediterranean. The role of summer dormancy. In: S. Thiebault and J.-P. Moatti (eds) The Mediterranean Region under Climate Change: A Scientific Update. Publisher: Allenvi / IRD Editions, Marseille, France. pp. 365-371.
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2016
Citation:
Stein, J.D., T.J. Butler, S.M. Interrante, D. Malinowski, J.D. Anderson, J.J. Pittman, and P.M. Sparks. 2016. Effects of planting date and small grain mixtures on forage yield and nutritive value. Proceedings 70th Southern Pastures and Forage Crop Improvement Conference. 2 4 May 2016. West Monroe, Louisiana, USA.
- Type:
Other
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2016
Citation:
Malinowski, D.P. 2016. Creating new flower colors in winter-hardy hibiscus. Lazy Gardener and Friends Houston Garden Newsletter 170 (8/26/2016).
|
Progress 10/01/14 to 09/30/15
Outputs
Target Audience:Cattle producers in the Southern Great Plains. Researchers working on summer dormancy in cool-season perennial grasses. Plant breeders. Changes/Problems:
Nothing Reported
What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided?A Technician II was accepted for a PhD program in ecology. How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest?Five refereed manuscripts were published in scientific journals and one presentations for scientific audience were made at national conference in 2015. One popular press article was published: "AgriLife researcher develops a painter's palette of winter-hardy hibiscus colors" by Texas A&M AgriLife Communications. What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals?Goal 1: Continue selection of an early-maturing, heat-tolerant perennial ryegrass line. Conduct additional hybridization cycle among best plants that survived 2015 summer drought. Goal 2: Evaluate productivity and persistence of full-sib families of hybrid tall fescue under mechanical defoliation and grazing. Goal 3: Continue collecting forage productivity data from experiments evaluating summer-dormant grasses and small grains as components of cropping systems for Texas. Goal 4: Explore funding opportunities to secure continuation of research on summer-dormant cool-season grasses. Goal 5: Continue IP development of underutilized crops (winter-hardy hibiscus). Goal 6: Continue collaborative research on methods to prevent bloat in cattle grazing wheat.
Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals?
Goal 1: Increase nucleus seed of final selections of summer-dormant tall fescue, orchardgrass, and heat-tolerant perennial ryegrass. Nucleus seed of two summer-dormant tall fescue breeding lines, one summer-dormant orchardgrass line, and one heat-tolerant perennial ryegrass line was increased by a collaborating industry partner in New Zealand in 2015. Another seed increase is planned for 2016. One of the two heat-tolerant perennial ryegrass lines needs further selection due to insufficient tolerance to summer drought. Agronomic evaluation of recent breeding lines of summer-dormant cool-season grasses against check cultivars were continued on two locations in Texas. Goal 2: Continue breeding process of summer-dormant fescue hybrids. Seed (F2) of 40 full-sib families was collected and 100 plants per family were planted at two locations in Texas for evaluation during 2016. Goal 3: Collect second growing season forage productivity data from experiments evaluating summer-dormant grasses and small grains as components of cropping systems for Texas. Data were collected and the experiment was continued. Goal 4: Submit a competitive research proposal. A collaborative research proposal "Demonstrating cover crop grazing practices to enhance soil health in no-till dual-use winter wheat production systems in semi-arid environments of the Southern Great Plains" was submitted to USDA-NRCS and not funded. Goal 5: Continue IP development of underutilized crops. Thirty three breeding lines of Hibiscus x moscheutos hybrids with exceptional flower color and shape were disclosed to TAMUS Commercialization Office. Goal 6: Continue collaborative research on selecting wheat cultivars with low potential to cause bloat in grazing cattle. A series of experiments evaluating intra-ruminal pressure, temperature and pH dynamics in cattle grazing winter wheat were conducted.
Publications
- Type:
Journal Articles
Status:
Accepted
Year Published:
2015
Citation:
Javed, S., Rauf, S., Paderewski, J., Malinowski, D.P., Saleem, U., Shahzad, M. 2015. Evaluation of Egyptian clover (Trifolium alexandrinum L.) germplasm through redundancy analysis for forage yield and its components. Crop Science.
- Type:
Journal Articles
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2015
Citation:
Malinowski, D.P., Pinchak, W.E. 2015. Summer dormant trait as a strategy to provide perennial cool-season forage alternatives in southern latitude environments affected by climate change. Agronomy Journal 107:1227-1234.
- Type:
Journal Articles
Status:
Accepted
Year Published:
2015
Citation:
Malinowski, D.P., Pinchak, W.E., Min, B., Rudd, J.C., Baker, J. 2015. Phenolic compounds affect bloat potential of wheat forage. Crop, Forage and Turfgrass Management.
- Type:
Journal Articles
Status:
Submitted
Year Published:
2015
Citation:
Norton, M.R., Malinowski, D.P., Volaire, F. 2015. Potential of cool-season perennial pasture grasses in Mediterranean and temperate, summer-dry environments. Agronomy for Sustainable Development.
- Type:
Book Chapters
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2015
Citation:
Rauf, S., Sienkiewicz-Paderewska, D., Malinowski, D.P., Hussain, M.M., Niazi, I.A.K., Kausar, M. 2015. Forages: Ecology, Breeding Objectives and Procedures. In: J.M. Al-Khayri et al. (eds) Advances in Plant Breeding Strategies: Agronomic, Abiotic and Biotic Stress Traits. Springer International Publishing AG, Cham, Switzerland.
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2015
Citation:
Stein J.D., Sparks, P.M., Interrante, S.M., Malinowski, D.P., Pittman, J.J., Butler, T.J. 2015. Effects of planting date and seedbed preparation on the establishment of summer-dormant tall fescue. Proceedings 69th Southern Pasture and Forage Crops Improvement Conference. 30 March 1 April 2015. Apalachicola, Florida, USA.
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Progress 10/01/13 to 09/30/14
Outputs
Target Audience: Cattle producers in the Southern Great Plains. Researchers working on summer dormancy in cool-season perennial grasses. Plant breeders. Changes/Problems: No changes to the major objectives of the project are planned. Continued severe drought may affect ongoing and planned experiments and require a revision of the approaches accordingly, for example by focusing on fewer experiments that may be irrigated in order to collect research data. What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided? A post-doc research associate was working on selected aspects of the project in 2014. How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest? Two refereed manuscripts were published in scientific journals and three presentations for scientific audience were made at national and international conferences in 2014. Two popular press articles were published: “AgriLife Research-bred winter-hardy hibiscus nearer to U.S. markets” by Texas A&M AgriLife Communications and “Lone Star State’s splashy winter-hardy hibiscus on track for 2015 sales” by The Dallas Morning News. What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals? Goal 1: Continue final selections of two heat-tolerant perennial ryegrass lines. Collect F2 seed of summer-dormant tall fescue hybrids to initiate selection of new hybrid lines. Goal 2: Continue collecting forage productivity data from experiments evaluating summer-dormant grasses and small grains as components of cropping systems for Texas. Goal 3: Explore funding opportunities to resubmit the collaborative research proposal to investigate molecular basis of summer-dormancy in tall fescue, and agronomic, environmental, and economic implications of introduction of summer-dormant cool-season grasses to grazing systems in the Southern Great Plains. Goal 4: Establish final experiments to develop methods to incorporate annual and perennial legumes into mixed stand with summer-dormant cool-season perennial grasses – New experiments are planned for autumn 2015. Goal 5: Collaborative research on methods to prevent bloat in cattle grazing wheat will continue.
Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals?
Goal 1: Increase nucleus seed of final selections of summer-dormant cool-season grasses. Nucleus seed of three summer-dormant tall fescue breeding lines, one summer-dormant orchardgrass line, and one heat-tolerant perennial ryegrass line was being increased by a collaborating industry partner in New Zealand in 2014. Seed from maternal plants of two heat-tolerant perennial ryegrass lines was produced for another selection cycles. Agronomic evaluation of recent breeding lines of summer-dormant cool-season grasses against check cultivars were continued on two locations in Texas. Goal 2: Collect first growing season forage productivity data from experiments evaluating summer-dormant grasses and small grains as components of cropping systems for Texas. Data were collected and the experiment was continued. Goal 3: Revise and resubmit the collaborative research proposal to investigate molecular basis of summer-dormancy in tall fescue, and agronomic, environmental, and economic implications of introduction of summer-dormant cool-season grasses to grazing systems in the Southern Great Plains. A letter of intent regarding the revised proposal was submitted to the Plant Growth and Development, Composition and Stress Tolerance Program Area Priority (A1101) of the Agriculture and Food Research Initiative (AFRI) in response to the FY 2014 Foundational Program Request for Applications. The proposal was not invited for further consideration. Goal 4: Establish final experiments to develop methods to incorporate annual and perennial legumes into mixed stand with summer-dormant cool-season perennial grasses. New experiments to develop methods to incorporate annual and perennial legumes into mixed stand with summer-dormant cool-season perennial grasses were postponed due to continued severe drought and high probability of failure. Goal 5: Continue collaborative research on selecting wheat cultivars with low potential to cause bloat in grazing cattle. A series of experiments evaluating longitudinal shifts in bacterial diversity and fermentation pattern in the rumen of steers grazing wheat pasture were completed and results were published.
Publications
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2014
Citation:
Reddy, S.K., Baker, J., Baker, S., Malinowski, D., Neely, C., Ibrahim, A., Liu, S., Xue, Q., Drake, D., Pradhan, G., Emendack, Y., Devkota, R., and Rudd, J.C. 2014. Phenotyping for biomass and ground cover estimation in wheat and other winter small grains. Borlaug Summit on Wheat for Food Security, CIMMYT. 25-28 March 2014. Ciudad Obregon, Mexico.
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2014
Citation:
Dowling, C., Burson, B., Heitholt, J., Malinowski, D., Mason, E., and Jessup, R. 2014. Characterization of candidate overwintering genes in forage: Biofuel napiergrass (Pennisetum purpureum Schumach.). Agriculture Biotechnology/Bioscience International Conference. 5-8 October 2014. Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada.
- Type:
Journal Articles
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2014
Citation:
Emendack, Y., Malinowski, D., Burke, J., Burow, G., and Xin, Z. 2014. Morpho-physiological characterization of cold and pre-flowering drought tolerance in grain sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench) inbreds. American J. Exp. Agric. 4 (12): 1500-1516.
- Type:
Journal Articles
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2014
Citation:
Pitta, D.W., Pinchak, W.E., Dowd, S., Dorton, K., Yoon, I., Min, B.R. Fulford, J.D., Wickersham, T.A., and Malinowski, D.P. 2014. Longitudinal shifts in bacterial diversity and fermentation pattern in the rumen of steers grazing wheat pasture. Anaerobe 30:11-17.
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2014
Citation:
Malinowski, D.P., and Pinchak, W.E. 2014. Forage grasses matching production to favorable water supply. ASA-CSSA-SSSA Annual Meeting. 4-7 November 2014. Long Beach, CA.
|
Progress 01/01/13 to 09/30/13
Outputs
Target Audience: Cattle producers in the Southern Great Plains. Researchers working on summer dormancy in cool-season perennial grasses. Changes/Problems: No changes to the major objectives of the project are planned. Continued severe drought may affect ongoing and planned experiments and require a revision of the approaches accordingly, for example by focusing on fewer experiments that may be irrigated in order to collect research data. What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided? A post-doc research associate was working on selected aspects of the project in 2013. How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest? One popular press article “AgriLife Research develops new lines of cool-season grasses” was published by Texas AgriLife Communications. Four presentations for scientific audience were made at national and international conferences in 2013. What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals? Goal 1: Increase nucleus seed of final selections of summer-dormant cool-season grasses. Continue final selections of two heat-tolerant perennial ryegrass lines and two hybrid summer-dormant orchardgrass lines. Goal 2: Collect first growing season forage productivity data from experiments evaluating summer-dormant grasses and small grains as components of cropping systems for Texas. Goal 3: Revise and resubmit the collaborative research proposal to investigate molecular basis of summer-dormancy in tall fescue, and agronomic, environmental, and economic implications of introduction of summer-dormant cool-season grasses to grazing systems in the Southern Great Plains. Goal 4: Establish final experiments to develop methods to incorporate annual and perennial legumes into mixed stand with summer-dormant cool-season perennial grasses. Goal 5: Continue collaborative research on selecting wheat cultivars with low potential to cause bloat in grazing cattle.
Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals?
Goal 1: Pre-nucleus seed of three summer-dormant tall fescue, three summer-dormant orchardgrass, and one heat-tolerant perennial ryegrass breeding lines was produced in 2013. Agronomic evaluation of recent breeding lines of summer-dormant cool-season grasses against check cultivars were continued on three locations in Texas. Goal 2: An experiment to develop establishment methods of summer-dormant tall fescue was continued in collaboration with the Samuel Roberts Noble Foundation. A new collaborative project to develop winter small grain - cool-season perennial grass forage cropping systems (including summer-dormant cool-season grasses) was initiated on multiple locations across Texas. Goal 3: A collaborative, multi-institutional grant proposal to investigate molecular basis of summer-dormancy in tall fescue, and agronomic, environmental, and economic implications of introduction of summer-dormant cool-season grasses to grazing systems in the Southern Great Plains. Goal 4: New experiments to develop methods to incorporate annual and perennial legumes into mixed stand with summer-dormant cool-season perennial grasses were postponed due to continued severe drought and high probability of failure. Goal 5: New research to identify morphological and physiological traits for selection of dual-use wheat with improved forage production and reduced bloat potential was not initiated in 2013.
Publications
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2013
Citation:
Thomas, J.L., C.P. West, Malinowski, D.P. 2013. Summer dormancy and survival of tall fescue in relation to endophyte presence. Proc. 22nd International Grassland Congress. Sydney, Australia. September 2013
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2013
Citation:
Young, C.A., Malinowski, D.P., Trammell, M.A. Interrante, S.M., Rogers, J.K., Butler, T.J. 2013. Perspectives of summer-dormant tall fescue in the Southern Great Plains, USA. Proc. 22nd International Grassland Congress. Sydney, Australia. September, 2013
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Progress 01/01/12 to 12/31/12
Outputs
OUTPUTS: Breeding of summer-dormant tall fescue, orchardgrass, and perennial ryegrass: Three advanced TX06 fescue selections were evaluated under weed competition and severe defoliation stress during the second growing season. Selected plants were replanted from each selection and combined to obtain nucleus seed. Selected plants of four advanced lines of summer-dormant orchardgrass were replanted from each selection and combined to obtain nucleus seed. Seed from about 50 plants each of two perennial ryegrass synthetic lines with the best traits was collected to create two cross-pollination blocks for the next step of plant selection. Two hybrid lines of summer-dormant orchardgrass (F2) were planted for cross-pollination and further selection. Advanced breeding lines of summer-dormant tall fescue, orchardgrass, and perennial ryegrass were planted in autumn 2012 together with check cultivars to evaluate their forage productivity, persistence, and forage quality. The experiment was established on three locations across Texas. Experiments on agronomic evaluation of annual and perennial legumes as companion to summer-dormant cool-season perennial grasses were postponed for 2013 because of persisting extreme drought. Overwintering sorghum: The main objective of this study was to evaluate the performance of five commercial sorghum hybrids/lines that survived winter of 2010, eight F4 RILs with a common parent (BTx623), obtained from USDA-ARS Lubbock, TX, that was crossed to Chinese lines exhibiting good germination at low temperatures, and thirteen breeding lines of Ethiopian origin that exhibited the highest germination at low temperature screen test. Biomass yield was evaluated during 2012 and winter survival will be evaluated in spring 2013. PARTICIPANTS: D.P. Malinowski (PI) - coordination of experiments conducted at the Texas AgriLife Research Center at Vernon, summary of results, preparation of reports to funding agencies. W.E. Pinchak (Co-PI) - coordination of experiments including grazing components, summary of results, contribution to periodical reports to funding agencies. Additional workers: Y. Emendack, PhD, S. Martin, C. Angerer (wage), J. Reeves (wage). Partner Organizations - Grasslanz Technology (New Zealand), AgResearch USA Ltd., Barenbrug USA, MMR Genetics, The Samuel Roberts Noble Foundation, USDA-ARS. Collaborators and Contacts within the recipient's organization: J. Rudd - Texas AgriLiFe Research - Amarillo, Outside the recipient's organization: T. Butler - The Samuel Roberts Noble Foundation, K. Widdup - Grasslanz Technology, T. Stratton - AgResearch USA Ltd., D.P. Belesky - USDA-ARS, , J. Burke - USDA-ARS, D. Singh - Barenbrug USA, G. Krishnamoorthy, MMR Genetics. TARGET AUDIENCES: Producers with cattle/dual-use wheat operations in Texas and Oklahoma. Efforts Extension and outreach. PROJECT MODIFICATIONS: Nothing significant to report during this reporting period.
Impacts
We are in the final stage of development of two summer-dormant tall fescue, four summer-dormant orchardgrass, and two drought-resistant perennial ryegrass cultivars. Further evaluation of their desirable traits (competitiveness, forage and seed production) is underway.
Publications
- 1. Malinowski, D.P., Emendack, Y.Y., and Singh, D. 2012. Yellow jacket seed coating improves establishment of Prosper summer-dormant tall fescue. Forage and Grazinglands.
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Progress 01/01/11 to 12/31/11
Outputs
OUTPUTS: Breeding of summer-dormant tall fescue, orchardgrass, and perennial ryegrass: Two advanced TX06 fescue selections were evaluated under weed competition and severe defoliation stress. The evaluation will be continued during one more growing season in 2012. Seed of selected four advanced lines of summer-dormant orchardgrass was collected and planted for one more selection and cross-pollination cycles. Three advanced lines of drought-resistant perennial ryegrass were identified. Based on growth and other characteristics, the best ryegrass plants were replanted into two cross-pollination blocks to create two synthetic breeding lines with contrasting breeding objectives. Evaluation of Mediterranean (summer-dormant) tall fescue breeding lines: The 2007 experiment was continued. Extreme drought during 2011 allowed for selection of most resistant breeding lines that will be used in further breeding process. Evaluation of annual legumes as companion species to summer-dormant tall fescue (collaboration with Noble Foundation): The experiment was completed. The best annual medic breeding lines will be commercialized by Noble Foundation. Evaluation of vetch breeding lines for forage and seed production (collaboration with Noble Foundation): The experiment was completed. The best vetch breeding lines will be commercialized by Noble Foundation. Establishment of alfalfa - summer-dormant tall fescue stands (collaboration with Noble Foundation): Second growing season data confirmed that alfalfa and summer-dormant tall fescue could coexist in a mixed stand if planted as alternate rows. PARTICIPANTS: D.P. Malinowski (PI) - coordination of experiments conducted at the Texas AgriLife Research Center at Vernon, summary of results, preparation of reports to funding agencies. W.E. Pinchak (Co-PI) - coordination of experiments including grazing components, summary of results, contribution to periodical reports to funding agencies. Additional workers: Y. Emendack, PhD, M. Schoonover, S. Martin, L. Stillwell, B. Bain. Partner Organizations - Grasslanz Technology (New Zealand), AgResearch USA Ltd., Barenbrug USA, The Samuel Roberts Noble Foundation. Collaborators and Contacts within the recipient's organization: J. Rudd - Texas AgriLiFe Research - Amarillo, Outside the recipient's organization: T. Butler - The Samuel Roberts Noble Foundation, K. Widdup - Grasslanz Technology, T. Stratton - AgResearch USA Ltd., D.P. Belesky - USDA-ARS, D. Singh - Barenbrug USA. TARGET AUDIENCES: Producers with cattle/dual-use wheat operations in Texas and Oklahoma. Efforts Extension and outreach. PROJECT MODIFICATIONS: Nothing significant to report during this reporting period. PARTICIPANTS: Nothing significant to report during this reporting period. TARGET AUDIENCES: Nothing significant to report during this reporting period. PROJECT MODIFICATIONS: Nothing significant to report during this reporting period.
Impacts
We are in the final stage of development of two summer-dormant tall fescue, four summer-dormant orchardgrass, and two drought-resistant perennial ryegrass cultivars. Further evaluation of their desirable traits (competitiveness, forage and seed production) is underway.
Publications
- Malinowski, D.P., Pinchak, W.E., Emendack, Y., Widdup, K., and T. Stratton. 2011. Breeding of summer-dormant cool-season grasses for the Southern Great Plains. Proceedings of the ASA, CSSA, SSSA 2010 Int. Annual Meeting. 16-19 October 2011. San Antonio, TX.
- Malinowski, D.P., Emendack, Y., and D. Singh. 2011. Effects of irrigation, seed coating, and seeding rate on seedling establishment and aboveground biomass productivity of Prosper summer-dormant tall fescue. Proceedings of the ASA, CSSA, SSSA 2010 Int. Annual Meeting. 16-19 October 2011. San Antonio, TX.
- Butler, T.J. Interrante, S.M., Malinowski, D.P., and K. Widdup. 2011. Annual medic forage and seed evaluations for the semiarid regions of the Great Plains. Forage and Grazinglands. Available online
- Butler, T.J., Stein, J.D., Interrante, S.M, and D.P. Malinowski. 2011. Novel approaches to establishing alfalfa tall fescue pastures in the southern Great Plains. Forage and Grazinglands.
- Emendack, Y.Y., H. Herzog, K.P. Goetz, and D.P. Malinowski. 2011. Mid-season water stress on yield and water use of Millet (Panicum miliaceum) and Sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench]. Australian J. Crop Sci. 5:1486-1492 .
- Malinowski, D.P., Butler, T.J., and D.P. Belesky. 2011. Competitive ability of tall fescue against alfalfa as a function of summer dormancy, endophyte infection, and soil moisture availability. Crop Sci. 51:1282-1290.
- Malinowski, D.P., Pitta, D.W., Pinchak, W.E., Min, B., and Y. Emendack. 2011. Effect of N fertilization on diurnal phenolic concentration and foam strength in forage of hard red wheat (Triticum aestivum) cv. Cutter. Crop and Pasture Sci. 62:656-665.
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Progress 01/01/10 to 12/31/10
Outputs
OUTPUTS: Breeding of summer-dormant tall fescue, orchardgrass, and perennial ryegrass: Two advanced TX06 fescue selections were cross-pollinated and offsprings were planted under weed competition and severe defoliation stress to select final parents in 2011. Best plants of four orchardgrass selections were cross-pollinated and seed planted for final selections. Four half-sib families of perennial ryegrass recovered from summer drought and the best plants were planted for cross-pollination to create breeding lines. Evaluation of Mediterranean (summer-dormant) tall fescue breeding lines: The 2007 experiment was continued. Results indicate significant potential of several Grasslanz Technology (NZ) breeding lines in terms of forage production and persistence. Effect of seed coating on establishment and productivity of Prosper summer-dormant tall fescue: A second run of the experiment was completed. Data were similar to the first run and indicated positive effect of seed coating on seedling biomass, especially under optimal irrigation. Forage productivity was greater with seed coating under limited irrigation. Effect of Neotyphodium endophytes on persistence of tall fescue: The experiment was completed. Data suggest that endophyte infection has beneficial effect on persistence of summer-dormant tall fescue in a long term (3 years). Evaluation of annual legumes as companion species to summer-dormant tall fescue: Selected legume breeding lines (Noble Foundation) were evaluated in mixed stands with summer-dormant tall fescue for persistence and reseeding potential. Evaluation of vetch breeding lines for forage and seed production: Selected vetch breeding lines (Noble Foundation) were evaluated for forage and seed production. Establishment of alfalfa - summer-dormant tall fescue stands (Noble Foundation): First-season data suggest that alfalfa and summer-dormant tall fescue can coexist in a mixed stand if planted as alternate rows. PARTICIPANTS: D.P. Malinowski (PI) - coordination of experiments conducted at the Texas AgriLife Research Center at Vernon, summary of results, preparation of reports to funding agencies. W.E. Pinchak (Co-PI) - coordination of experiments including grazing components, summary of results, contribution to periodical reports to funding agencies. Additional workers: Y. Emendack, PhD, M. Schoonover, S. Martin, L. Stillwell, B. Bain. Partner Organizations - Grasslanz Technology (New Zealand), AgResearch USA Ltd., Barenbrug USA, The Samuel Roberts Noble Foundation, University Of Arkansas. Collaborators and Contacts within the recipient's organization: J. Rudd - Texas AgriLiFe Research - Amarillo, Outside the recipient's organization: C. West - University of Arkansas, T. Butler - The Samuel Roberts Noble Foundation, K. Widdup - Grasslanz Technology, T. Stratton - AgResearch USA Ltd., D.P. Belesky - USDA-ARS, D. Singh - Barenbrug USA. TARGET AUDIENCES: Producers with cattle/dual-use wheat operations in Texas and Oklahoma. Efforts Extension and outreach. PROJECT MODIFICATIONS: Nothing significant to report during this reporting period.
Impacts
We are in the final stage of development of two summer-dormant tall fescue and four summer-dormant orchardgrass cultivars. We identified four candidate half-sib families of perennial ryegrass persistent in Rolling Plains of Texas. Further evaluation of their summer dormancy expression and selection for desirable traits (forage and seed production) are underway.
Publications
- Malinowski, D.P., Butler, T.J., and D.P. Belesky. 2010. Competitive ability of tall fescue against alfalfa as a function of summer dormancy, endophyte infection, and soil moisture availability. Crop Science (Accepted November 2010).
- Malinowski, D., Pitta, D., Pinchak, W.E, Emendack, Y, and B.R. Min. 2010. Effect of N fertilization on diurnal phenolic concentration and foam strength in forage of hard red wheat (Triticum aestivum) cv. Cutter. 2010. Proceedings of the ASA, CSSA, SSSA 2010 International Annual Meeting. 31 October - 4 November 2010. Long Beach, CA.
- Pitta, D.W., Pinchak, W.E., Dowd, S.E., Osterstock, J., Gontcharova., V., Youn, E., Dorton, K., Yoon, I., Min, B.R., Fulford, J. D., Wickersham, T.A., and D.P. Malinowski. 2010. Rumen Bacterial Diversity Dynamics Associated with Changing from Bermudagrass Hay to Grazed Winter Wheat Diets. Microbial Ecology 59:511-522.
- Malinowski, D.P., West, C.P., and D.P. Belesky. 2010. The role of endophytes in summer-dormant tall fescue. Proceeding of the 7th International Symposium on Fungal Endophyte of Grasses. 27 June - 1 July 2010. Lexington, KY (invited presentation).
- Pitta, D.W., Pinchak, W.E., Dowd, S.E., Osterstock, J., Gontcharova., V., Youn, E., Dorton, K., Yoon, I., Min, B.R., Fulford, J. D., Wickersham, T.A., and D.P. Malinowski. 2010. Effect of supplementing Saccharomyces cerevisiae fermented product (SFP) on the productive performance of steers grazing wheat pasture. Proceedings of the 2010 JAM Conference. 11 - 15 July 2010. Denver, CO.
- Pinchak, W.E., Pitta, D.W., Fulford, J. D., and D.P. Malinowski. 2010. Ruminal pressure and pH dynamics of bloated steers grazing winter wheat forage. Proceedings of the 2010 JAM Conference. 11 - 15 July 2010. Denver, CO.
- Pitta, D.W., Pinchak, W.E., Dowd, S.E., Osterstock, J., Gontcharova., V., Youn, E., Dorton, K., Yoon, I., Min, B.R., Fulford, J. D., Wickersham, T.A., and D.P. Malinowski. 2010. Rumen bacterial diversity dynamics associated with changing from bermudagrass hay to grazed winter wheat diets. Proceedings of the 2010 JAM Conference. 11 - 15 July 2010. Denver, CO.
- West, C.P., Guerber, C.A., J.L. Underwood, D.P. Malinowski, and B.C. Grigg. 2010. Biochemical responses of drought-stressed summer dormant and summer active tall fescue with endophyte infection. In Abstracts of 7th Int. Symp. Fungal Endophytes of Grasses [CD-ROM]. 27 June - 1 July, Lexington, KY.
- West, C.P., J.L. Underwood, D.P. Malinowski, B.C. Grigg, and C.A. Guerber. 2010. Survival of summer dormant and summer active tall fescue in relation to endophyte presence. In 7th Int. Symp. Fungal Endophytes of Grasses. 27 June - 1 July, Lexington, KY.
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Progress 01/01/09 to 12/31/09
Outputs
OUTPUTS: Breeding of summer-dormant tall fescue, orchardgrass, and perennial ryegrass: Selections of promising populations were continued. Final selections of two tall fescue line were planted for last cross-pollination to obtain starter seed. Evaluation of Mediterranean (summer-dormant) tall fescue breeding lines: The experiment established in 2006 was completed. The 2007 experiment was continued. Results indicate significant potential of several Grasslanz Technology (NZ) breeding lines in terms of forage production and persistence. Effect of seed coating on establishment and productivity of Prosper summer-dormant tall fescue: First season data indicate positive effect of seed coating on seedling biomass, especially under optimal irrigation. Forage productivity was greater with seed coating under limited irrigation. A repetition of the experiment was continued. Effect of Neotyphodium endophytes on persistence of tall fescue: Results suggest that endophyte infection has no effect on persistence of summer-dormant tall fescue, in contrast to summer-active types. Evaluation of annual legumes as companion species to summer-dormant tall fescue: Selected legume accessions were multiplied and further seed increase is being conducted to develop new cultivars. Effects of endophyte infection and summer dormancy on competitive ability of tall fescue against alfalfa: Results of the greenhouse experiment suggest that Flecha MaxQ express high mortality in association with alfalfa under soil moisture deficit in summer, as previously observed in field experiments. This phenomenon may be related to competition for common limiting resources (water) and low competitive ability of summer-dormant tall fescue. Cultivars with higher degree of summer dormancy than Flecha might be less affected by competition from alfalfa during summer drought. Introduction of novel endophytes to summer-dormant tall fescue cultivars that were bred as or from endophyte-free lines may have negative effects on competitive ability. In contrast, summer-dormant cultivars that were bred with their native endophytes seem to benefit from the association in terms of higher competitive ability and greater dormancy expression. PARTICIPANTS: D.P. Malinowski (PI) - coordination of experiments conducted at the Texas AgriLife Research Center at Vernon, summary of results, preparation of reports to funding agencies. W.E. Pinchak (Co-PI) - coordination of experiments including grazing components, summary of results, contribution to periodical reports to funding agencies. Additional workers: Yves Emendack, PhD Brian Klein Shane Martin Mark Schoonover Linnie Stillwell Partner Organizations AgResearch USA, Ltd. Barenbrug USA The Samuel Roberts Noble Foundation University Of Arkansas Collaborators and Contacts Within the recipient's organization: J. Rudd - Texas AgriLife Research - Amarillo Outside the recipient's organization: J. Kigel - The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Israel C. West - University of Arkansas T. Butler - The Samuel Roberts Noble Foundation K. Widdup - AgResearch Limited, New Zealand D.P. Belesky - USDA-ARS Devesh Singh, Barenbrug USA TARGET AUDIENCES: Producers with cattle/dual-use wheat operations in Texas and Oklahoma. Efforts Extension and outreach PROJECT MODIFICATIONS: Nothing significant to report during this reporting period.
Impacts
We are in the final stage of development of two summer-dormant tall fescue cultivars. In addition, we identified candidate lines of summer-dormant orchardgrass for final cross-pollination in 2010. We also indentified candidate half-sib families of perennial ryegrass for further evaluation of their summer dormancy expression and selection for desirable traits.
Publications
- Butler, T.J., Malinowski, D.P., and J. Stein. 2009. Alfalfa - Tall Fescue Row Orientation/Compatibility Comparisons on Establishment and Persistence Under Livestock Grazing. American Forage and Grasslands Council Conference, 21-23 June 2009. Grand Rapids, MI.
- Guerber, C.A., J.L. Underwood, C.P. West, D.P. Malinowski, and B.C. Grigg. 2009. Biochemical responses to water deficit in summer-dormant and summer-active tall fescue. International Workshop on Summer Dormancy in Grasses. 6-8 April 2009. Ardmore, OK.
- Malinowski, D.P., D.P. Belesky, B.A. Kramp, J. Ruckle, J. Kigel, and W.E. Pinchak. 2009. Germination responses of summer-dormant and summer-active tall fescue and orchardgrass accessions to photoperiod. International Workshop on Summer Dormancy in Grasses. 6-8 April 2009. Ardmore, OK.
- Malinowski, D.P., Kigel, J., and W.E. Pinchak. 2009. Water deficit, heat tolerance, and persistence of summer-dormant grasses in the U.S. Southern Plains. Crop Science 49:2363-2370.
- West,C.P., Norton, M.R., Volaire, F., Hopkins, A.A, and D.P. Malinowski. 2009. First International Workshop on Summer Dormancy in Grasses: Coping with Increasing Aridity and Heat under Climate Change. Summary and Future Directions. Crop Science 49:2326-2327.
- West, C.P., Underwood, J,L., and D. Malinowski. 2009. Trade-offs in growth, persistence, and quality of summer-active and summer-dormant tall fescue. In Proc. ASA-CSSA-SSSA Int. Annual Meeting. November 1-5, 2009. Pittsburgh, PA.
- West, C.P., J.L. Underwood, D.P. Malinowski, and C.A. Guerber, and B.C. Grigg. 2009. Dormancy indices, growth stages, and forage quality of summer-dormant and summer-active tall fescue. International Workshop on Summer Dormancy in Grasses. 6-8 April 2009. Ardmore, OK.
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Progress 01/01/08 to 12/31/08
Outputs
OUTPUTS: Evaluation of Mediterranean (summer-dormant) tall fescue breeding lines: The experiments established in 2006 and 2007 were continued. Results indicate significant potential of several Grasslanz Technology (NZ) breeding lines in terms of forage production and persistence. Breeding of summer-dormant tall fescue and orchardgrass: Selections of promising populations were continued. This project became a part of a sponsored research agreement with Grasslanz Technology. Effect of seed coating on establishment and productivity of Prosper summer-dormant tall fescue: First season data indicate positive effect of seed coating on seedling biomass, especially under optimal irrigation. Long-term forage productivity was greater with seed coating under limited irrigation. Effect of Neotyphodium endophytes on persistence of tall fescue: Results suggest that endophyte infection has no effect on persistence of summer-dormant tall fescue, in contrast to summer-active types. Selection criteria for breeding forage-type dual-purpose wheat cultivars: The 2nd phase of the research was completed. Results on wheat antioxidants metabolism suggest a reverse relationship between phenolic concentration in wheat forage and potential for bloat development. Evaluation of annual legumes as companion species to summer-dormant tall fescue: Selected legume accessions were multiplied and further seed increase is being conducted to develop new cultivars. PARTICIPANTS: Individuals D.P. Malinowski (PI) - coordination of experiments conducted at the Texas AgriLife Research Center at Vernon, summary of results, preparation of reports to funding agencies. W.E. Pinchak (Co-PI) - coordination of experiments including grazing components, summary of results, contribution to periodical reports to funding agencies. Additional workers: Royce Hammonds Brian Klein Betty Kramp Shane Martin Partner Organizations AgResearch USA, Ltd. Barenbrug USA The Samuel Roberts Noble Foundation University Of Arkansas Collaborators and Contacts Within the recipient's organization: J. Rudd - Texas AgriLife Research - Amarillo Outside the recipient's organization: J. Kigel - The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Israel C. West - University of Arkansas T. Butler - The Samuel Roberts Noble Foundation K. Widdup - AgResearch Limited, New Zealand D.P. Belesky - USDA-ARS Training or Professional Development Participation in professional meetings. Presentations for producers. TARGET AUDIENCES: Producers with cattle/dual-use wheat operations in Texas and Oklahoma. Efforts Extension and outreach PROJECT MODIFICATIONS: Nothing significant to report during this reporting period.
Impacts
Based on our research on summer-dormant cool-season grasses, Prosper and Flecha MaxQ summer-dormant tall fescue cultivars were included into the list of recommended grass cultivars for Texas in 2008. The breeding project of summer-dormant grasses initiated in 2006 resulted in a development of a cooperative agreement with Grasslanz Technology (New Zealand).
Publications
- Malinowski, D.P., D.P. Belesky, B.A. Kramp, J. Ruckle, J. Kigel, and W.E. Pinchak. 2008. A method to differentiate summer-dormant from summer-active tall fescue and orchardgrass accessions at germination stage. Australian J. Agric. Res. 59:1092-1102.
- Malinowski, D.P., D.P. Belesky, B.A. Kramp, J. Ruckle, J. Kigel, W.E. Pinchak, and R.I. Hammonds. 2008. A method to differentiate summer-dormant from summer-active cool-season grasses at germination stage. In Proc. ASA-CSSA-SSSA Int. Annual Meeting, October 5-9, 2008. Houston, TX.
- Malinowski, D.P., K. Widdup, T.J. Butler, W.E. Pinchak, and B.A. Kramp. 2008. Companion legumes for summer-dormant tall fescue. In Proc.ASA-CSSA-SSSA Int. Annual Meeting, October 5-9, 2008. Houston, TX.
- Underwood, J., C.P. West, and D. Malinowski. 2008. Summer dormancy and survival of tall fescue in relation to endophyte presence. In Proc. ASA-CSSA-SSSA Int. Annual Meeting, October 5-9, 2008. Houston, TX.
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Progress 01/01/07 to 12/31/07
Outputs
OUTPUTS: Cool-season perennial grasses: Experiments on determining mechanisms of summer dormancy in cool-season perennial grasses (BARD/TIE project) were accomplished. Results indicate substantial differences in the nature of summer dormancy between Mediterranean types of orchardgrass and tall fescue considered as summer-dormant. There are several physiological traits that are common in summer-dormant types of both species, and are different from their summer-active types. Based on the results, we have developed a method to differentiate summer-dormant from summer-active types at early stage of plant development. A breeding program of summer-dormant tall fescue and orchardgrass has been initiated at TAES Vernon as a result of this research. Productivity and persistence of summer-dormant perennial cool-season grasses: The experiment established in 2002 was completed in 2007. Results indicate that summer-dormant tall fescue is adapted and persistent in the targeted environment.
Selection criteria for breeding forage-type dual-purpose wheat cultivars: The 1st phase of the research has been completed. We continue research on wheat antioxidants and their regulatory role in preventing bloat incidences. Forage production and persistence of alfalfa varieties under irrigated and rainfed systems: The experiment has been completed and results have been published. Evaluation of annual legumes as companion species to summer-dormant tall fescue: experiments have been completed. Selected legume accessions are being multiplied and will be used for developing new cultivars.
PARTICIPANTS: Individuals: D.P. Malinowski (PI) - coordination of experiments conducted at the Texas AgriLife Research Center at Vernon, summary of results, preparation of reports to funding agencies; W.E. Pinchak (Co-PI) - coordination of experiments including grazing components, summary of results, contribution to periodical reports to funding agencies. Additional workers: Joshua Arismendes, Lawrence Angerer, Royce Hammonds, Betty Kramp, Shane Martin. Partner Organizations: Texas Department of Agriculture - Texas/Israel Exchange Fund; AgResearch USA, Ltd.; Barenbrug USA; The Samuel Roberts Noble Foundation; University Of Arkansas. Collaborators and Contacts: Within the recipient's organization - J. Rudd, Texas AgriLife Research, Amarillo. Outside the recipient's organization - J. Kigel, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Israel; C. West, University of Arkansas; T. Butler, The Samuel Roberts Noble Foundation; K. Widdup, AgResearch Limited, New Zealand; D.P. Belesky, USDA-ARS.
Training or Professional Development: Presentations for producers.
TARGET AUDIENCES: Producers with cattle/dual-use wheat operations in Texas and Oklahoma. Efforts: Extension and outreach
Impacts
Our pioneer research on summer-dormant cool-season grasses initiated in 2000 resulted in introduction of Grasslands Flecha and Prosper tall fescue into commercial grazing systems in the southern Great Plains. We have developed a time and labor friendly method to differentiate summer-dormant from summer-active grasses at early stage of their development. Based in part on our results, we have initiated a breeding program of summer-dormant tall fescue and orchardgrass at TAES Vernon.
Publications
- Sij, J.W., W.E. Pinchak, D.P. Malinowski, D.L. Robinson, S.J. Bevers, T.A. Baughman, and R.J. Gill. 2007. Yield and economic responses to phosphorus fertilizer placement in dual-use and grain-only wheat production systems. Agron. J. 99: 773-778.
- Malinowski, D.P., J. Kigel, B.A. Kramp, H. Zuo, H.B. Rathburn, J.A. Brady, W.E. Pinchak, L.M. Angerer, and M.J. Burnett. 2007. Understanding summer dormancy in perennial cool-season grasses. In Proc. ASA-CSSA-SSSA Int. Annual Meeting, November 4-8, 2007. New Orleans, LA.
- Malinowski, D.P. W.E. Pinchak, B.A. Kramp, H. Zuo, and T.J. Butler. 2007. Supplemental irrigation and fall dormancy effects on alfalfa productivity in a semiarid, subtropical climate with a bimodal precipitation pattern. Agron. J. 99:621-629.
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Progress 01/01/06 to 12/31/06
Outputs
Cool-season perennial grasses: Experiments of mechanisms of summer dormancy in cool-season perennial grasses (BARD/TIE project) were continued. Results of greenhouse experiments were similar to those reported in 2005, indicating common responses of summer-dormant populations of tall fescue and orchardgrass in induction and release of summer dormancy. Field grown (loamy soil) summer-dormant tall fescue cultivars Flecha and Prosper survived the catastrophic, 10-month drought of 2005-2006, while all wheatgrass cultivars (summer-active) died. Productivity and persistence of obligatory summer-dormant vs. summer semi-dormant types of perennial cool-season grasses: The experiment established in 2002 was continued in 2006. Winter drought affected survival of summer-dormant tall fescue and hardinggrass on sandy soil. Selection criteria for breeding forage-type dual-purpose wheat cultivars: The last (3rd) season of this experiment was completed. Results indicate significant
correlations between early forage yield and tiller number, leaf length, and specific leaf weight. Leaf width was not correlated with forage yield. Phenolic concentrations in wheat varied among cultivars, suggesting a possibility to select wheat for high phenolic content that may prevent bloat. Determination of relationships between environmental variables and bloat incidence in cattle grazing dual-purpose wheat: Similar to results in 2005, we found that phenolics were reduced in wheat forage during cloudy and cold weather, when bloat increased, compared to sunny and warm weather. Foam stability in forage was related to phenolic content. Additional measurements will be taken in 2007 growing season. Forage production and persistence of alfalfa varieties under irrigated and rainfed systems: Results were summarized and submitted for publication (manuscript accepted). Experiments on evaluation of annual legumes as components of Grasslands Flecha tall fescue pastures and evaluation of new
obligatory summer-dormant lines of tall fescue were continued (2004 planting) and extended (2006 planting).
Impacts
Our pioneer research on summer-dormant cool-season grasses initiated in 2000 resulted in introduction of Grasslands Flecha tall fescue into commercial grazing systems in the Texas Rolling Plains and southern Oklahoma, and development of a collaborative research program with Israel. Based on our results, a new research program on breeding summer-dormant grasses has been initiated by scientists at the Samuel Roberts Noble Foundation at Ardmore, OK. We have initiated a breeding program of summer-dormant tall fescue and orchardgrass.
Publications
- Malinowski, D.P. and Belesky, D.P. 2006. Ecological importance of Neotyphodium spp. grass endophytes in agroecosystems. Grassland Sci. 52:1-14.
- Kramp, B.A., Malinowski, D.P., Zuo, H., Pinchak, W.E., and Butler, T.J. 2006. Alfalfa forage production under reduced irrigation in semiarid environments of the Texas Rolling Plains. p. 188-192. In W. Alison et al. (ed) Proc. American Forage and Grasslands Council Conference, 10-14 March 2006. San Antonio, TX.
- Malinowski, D.P. and Belesky, D.P. Ecological Importance of Neotyphodium spp. Grass Endophytes in Agroecosystems - Implications for Future Research. 2006. In Proc. Satellite Annual Meeting of the Japanese Society of Grassland Science Neotyphodium endophytes: Hidden nature of the symbiotic fungi, impact on grassland ecosystem and grass/animal production. 28 March 2006, Tsukuba, Japan.
- Malinowski, D.P, Kramp, B.A., Kigel, J., and Pinchak, W.E. 2006. Mechanisms of summer dormancy in cool-season perennial grasses. p. 124-128. In W. Alison et al. (ed) Proc. American Forage and Grasslands Council Conference, 10-14 March 2006. San Antonio, TX.
- Malinowski, D.P., Kramp, B.A., Min, B.R., Baker, J., Pinchak, W.E., and Rudd, J.C. 2006. Physiological and morphological traits for selection of dual-use wheat with improved forage production. p. 129-133. In W. Alison et al. (ed) Proc. American Forage and Grasslands Council Conference, 10-14 March 2006. San Antonio, TX.
- Malinowski, D.P., Kramp, B.A., Min, B.R., Baker, J., Pinchak, W.E., and Rudd, J.C. 2006. Physiological and morphological traits for selection of dual-use wheat with improved forage production. p. 246-247. In R.C. Schwartz, R.L. Baumhardt, and J.M. Bell (eds.). Proc. 28th Southern Conservation Systems Conf., 26-28 June 2006. Amarillo, Texas. USDA ARS Conservation and Production Research Laboratory Report No. 06 1, Bushland, TX.
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Progress 01/01/05 to 12/31/05
Outputs
Integrated wheatgrass/dual-purpose wheat grazing system (2001-2005): Two obligatory summer-dormant cultivars of tall fescue, Grasslands Flecha and Prosper, planted in 2004 established very well during 2005. Manska pubescent wheatgrass died during summer and was replaced with a breeding line of hardinggrass (Phalaris aquatica). Hardinggrass was evaluated in our previous experiments and was persistent. The project became a part of a cooperative research between the Hebrew University of Jerusalem and TAES (BARD/TIE). Selection criteria for breeding forage-type dual-purpose wheat cultivars: Measurements of 26 wheat cultivars and breeding lines in a grazing study, TXE and UVT wheat collections, and synthetic wheat crosses at Vernon in November 2005 confirmed our previous findings on significant correlations between early forage yield and tiller number, leaf length, and specific leaf weight. Leaf width was not correlated with forage yield. Phenolic concentrations in wheat
varied, suggesting a possibility to select wheat for high phenolic content that may prevent bloat. Additional funding for this experiment was granted in 2005. In 2006 growing season, we will verify our findings on morphological traits and evaluate phenolic contents in wheat cultivars in relation to weather patterns as complementary data to a study on bloat. Determination of relationships between environmental variables and bloat incidence in cattle grazing dual-purpose wheat: In 2005 growing season, we found that phenolics were reduced in wheat forage during cloudy and cold weather, when bloat increased, compared to sunny and warm weather. Foam stability in forage was related to phenolic content. Additional measurements will be taken in 2006 growing season. Productivity and persistence of obligatory summer-dormant vs. summer semi-dormant types of perennial cool-season grasses: The experiment established in 2002 was continued in 2005. Obligatory summer-dormant types survived summer
drought in perfect conditions, except for intermediate orchardgrass (hybrids between summer-dormant and summer-active types), confirming their extraordinary value as persistent winter forages for the southern Great Plains. The research on summer dormancy became a cooperative program with Israel (BARD/TIE project 04-03). The second year grant (2006) was approved by TIE. The impact of defoliation on wheatgrass productivity and persistence: Aboveground biomass production continued to decline in all cultivars in 2005. No reseeding was observed. Soil water data were collected in summer. There was no autumn forage production, confirming poor adaptation of wheatgrasses to climatic conditions of the southern Great Plains. Forage production and persistence of alfalfa varieties under irrigated and rainfed systems: During the last season of the experiment, forage productivity and water use efficiency was greatest in cultivars with higher fall dormancy rating (less winter-dormant), similar to
2003-2004. Experiments on evaluation of annual legumes as components of Grasslands Flecha tall fescue pastures and evaluation of new obligatory summer-dormant lines of tall fescue were continued.
Impacts
Our pioneer research on summer-dormant cool-season grasses initiated in 2000 resulted in introduction of Grasslands Flecha tall into commercial grazing systems in the Texas Rolling Plains and southern Oklahoma, and development of a collaborative research program with Israel. Based on our results, a new research program on breeding summer-dormant grasses has been initiated by scientists at the Samuel Roberts Noble Foundation at Ardmore, OK.
Publications
- Malinowski, D.P., Kramp, B.A., Zuo, H., and W.E. Pinchak. 2005. Obligatorysummer-dormant cool-season perennial grasses for semiarid environments of the southern Great Plains - Research update. p. 76-80. In K. Cassida (ed) Proc. American Forage and Grasslands Council Conference, 11-15 June 2005. Bloomington, IL.
- Malinowski, D.P., Zuo, H., Kramp, B.A., Muir, J.P., and W. E. Pinchak. 2005. Obligatory Summer-Dormant Cool-Season Perennial Grasses for Semiarid Environments of the Southern Great Plains. Agron. J. 97:147-154.
- Muir, J.P., Reed, R.L., and D.P. Malinowski. 2005. Forage and seed of Strophostyles species as affected by location and harvest height. Native Plant J. 6 (2):123-130.
- Pinchak, W.E., Min, B.R., Malinowski, D.P., Sij, J.W., Gill, R.J., Puchala, R, and R.A. Anderson. 2005. Re-evaluation of the frothy bloat complex in cattle grazing winter wheat in the Southern Plains: Evolution of a new integrated research paradigm. p. 36. In Proc. 2005 Conference on Gastrointestinal Function, April 11-13. Chicago, IL.
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Progress 01/01/04 to 12/31/04
Outputs
Integrated wheatgrass/dual-purpose wheat grazing system: Due to severe autumn-winter drought in 2003/2004, wheat did not establish and wheatgrass plots did not produce enough forage to be grazed. Wheatgrasses recovered very slowly during spring 2004. The concept of the experiment has been modified in fall 2004 because of constant problems either with wheatgrass survival during summer drought or wheat establishment. Instead of wheat, two obligatory summer-dormant cultivars of tall fescue, Grasslands Flecha and Prosper, were sown in October 2004 based on their excellent persistence in previous, small-scale studies. Selection criteria for breeding forage-type dual-purpose wheat cultivars: We found positive correlations between early forage and tiller number, leaf length, and leaf area, but a negative correlation with specific leaf weight. Leaf width was not correlated with forage yield. Additional funding for this experiment was granted in 2004. In 2004-2005 growing
season, we will verify our findings on morphological traits and evaluate phenolic contents in wheat in relation to weather patterns. A cooperative research to determine relationships between environmental variables and bloat incidence in cattle grazing dual-purpose wheat: Based on our preliminary study, light intensity and temperature affect phenolic content in wheat and subsequently, gas production and foam stability. In 2004-2005 growing season, wheat samples will be collected in the field from shaded and unshaded treatments at specific temperature changes and analyzed for phenolic and soluble protein content, rumen microbial activity, gas production, and foam stability. Productivity and persistence of obligatory summer-dormant vs. summer semi-dormant types of perennial cool-season grasses: Experiments established in 2000 and 2002 have been continued. Obligatory summer-dormant types survived 2003-2004 winter drought and 2004 summer drought in perfect conditions, confirming their
extraordinary value as a persistent winter forage for the southern Great Plains. A research proposal on the role of summer dormancy in summer drought resistance in cool-season grasses has been accepted by the Texas-Israel Exchange Fund/BARD and will be conducted in Vernon, TX and Rehovot, Israel in 2004-2007. The impact of defoliation on wheatgrass productivity and persistence: All wheatgrass cultivars suffered from the 2003-2004 winter drought and produced very minimal yield in 2004. Soil water data were collected in summer. Autumn forage production was also very low, confirming poor adaptation of wheatgrasses to climatic conditions of the southern Great Plains. Forage production and persistence of alfalfa varieties under irrigated and rainfed systems: Forage data were collected in 2004 growing season and will be collected again in 2005 due to inconclusive results. New experiments were established in autumn 2004 in cooperation with AgResearch (USA) Ltd.: 1) Evaluation of annual
legumes as components of Grasslands Flecha tall fescue pastures; 2) Evaluation of new obligatory summer-dormant lines of tall fescue; and 3) Evaluation of bromegrass lines with improved perenniality for semiarid environments.
Impacts
The most significant impact of this multi-disciplinary program is introduction of Grasslands Flecha tall fescue (obligatory summer-dormant cool-season perennial grass) into grazing systems by farmers in the Texas Rolling Plains and southern Oklahoma. Our pioneer research on obligatory summer-dormant cool-season grasses has been recognized by numerous researchers and research institutions in the southern Great Plains, resulting in a completely new approach in securing year-round supply of fresh forage for cattle. Our hypothesis on causes of bloat in cattle grazing dual-use wheat pastures seems to be true and this program will be continued in the next years.
Publications
- Malinowski, D.P., and H. Zuo. 2004. Cool-season perennial grasses with obligatory summer dormancy for semi-arid environments of the southern Great Plains. p. 366-370. In K. Cassida (ed) Proc. American Forage and Grasslands Council Conference, 12-16 June 2004. Roanoke, VA.
- Hopkins, A.A., Malinowski, D.P., Zhang, H., and D.W. Walker. 2004. Russian wildrye seedlings are sensitive to acidic soil. Crop Sci. 44:2187-2192.
- Malinowski, D.P., Belesky D.P., and G.C. Lewis. 2004. Abiotic stresses in endophytic grasses. In C.A. Roberts et al. Neotyphodium in Cool-Season Grasses. Blackwell Publishing Professional, Ames, IA, USA.
- Malinowski, D.P., Zuo, H., Belesky, D.P., and G.A. Alloush. 2004. Evidence for copper binding by extracellular root exudates of tall fescue but not perennial ryegrass infected with Neotyphodium spp. endophytes. Plant and Soil. (In press)
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Progress 01/01/03 to 12/31/03
Outputs
Jose and Manska wheatgrasses, and wheat were grazed in the integrated wheatgrass/dual-purpose wheat grazing system. Data showed higher ADG in the integrated vs. dual-purpose wheat only grazing system. The experiment will be continued. A research proposal to determine selection criteria for breeding forage-type or improved dual-purpose wheat cultivars for the Texas Rolling Plains was funded by the Texas Wheat Producers Board. Twenty-eight breeding lines and cultivars were selected from a variety trial at Chillicothe, TX based on early forage production, tiller number, leaf characteristics, grain yield and disease resistance, and planted in September. Cultivar responses to grazing will be evaluated and correlated with established selection criteria. A cooperative study program to determine relationships between environmental variables and bloat incidence in cattle grazing dual-purpose wheat was initiated in autumn. In a series of growth chambers and field experiments,
the effects of environmental variables on wheat forage quality and rumen microflora activity will be measured to determine the cause of bloat incidences. A cooperative research to determine effects of tillage systems on forage and grain yield of dual-purpose wheat and animal performance was initiated in autumn. Data on soil characteristics, forage production, and animal performance will be collected during winter. In the experiment to evaluate productivity and persistence of obligatory summer-dormant vs. summer semi-dormant perennial cool-season grasses, only obligatory summer-dormant types of tall fescue, orchardgrass, and harding grass survived summer drought and successfully recovered in autumn. Based on our preliminary data, a research proposal will be submitted to USDA-NRI. Only one of the two experiments addressing the impact of defoliation on wheatgrass productivity and persistence established. Data on forage production and soil water use during summer drought were collected.
The experiment will be continued. A collaborative experiment on susceptibility of Russian wildrye to acidic soil/aluminum toxicity was completed. A mechanism of aluminum chelation on the root surfaces of plants grown in acidic soils was evidenced. A manuscript is being prepared. An experiment to evaluate the potential of annual cool-season legumes as component of pastures was abandoned because of no reseeding of the legumes due to unfavorable weather patterns. An experiment to determine forage production and persistence of alfalfa varieties under irrigated and rainfed systems was continued in 2003. Greater forage yields were produced by cultivars with lower vs. higher degree of winter dormancy under limited irrigation. There were no significant differences in forage production among cultivars in the rainfed system. The experiment will be continued. An experiment on effects of endophyte infection on copper acquisition in tall fescue and perennial ryegrass was completed. Results show a
mechanism of copper chelation on tall fescue roots in response to endophyte infection and phosphorus deficiency in the growth medium. A manuscript was submitted to Plant and Soil.
Impacts
The multi-disciplinary approach pursued in this program addresses various aspects of pasture management strategies to optimize year-round forage production in the semi-arid environments of the Texas Rolling Plains. Our data are the first known on summer drought survival of obligatory summer-dormant cool-season perennial grasses in the Southern Great Plains. These grasses may become a very important part of winter grazing systems in C4-dominated environments with severe and prolonged summer drought where traditionally cultivated summer semi-dormant cool-season perennial grasses fail.
Publications
- Malinowski, D.P., Hopkins, A.A, Pinchak, W.E., Sij, J.W., and R. J. Ansley. 2003. Productivity and Survival of Defoliated Wheatgrasses in the Rolling Plains of Texas. Agronomy Journal 95:614-626.
- Malinowski, D.P., Zuo, H., Pinchak, W.E., Muir, J.P., and A.E. Stratton. 2003. Obligatory summer-dormant cool-season perennial grasses are drought resistant in semi-arid environments of the Texas Rolling Plains. American Forage and Grassland Council Proceedings. V. 12. Lafayette, LA. April 192-196.
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Progress 01/01/02 to 12/31/02
Outputs
A field experiment evaluating a grazing system based on dual-purpose wheat complemented by improved wheatgrasses was established in October 2001 on the West Smith&Walker Research Unit. Wheatgrass plots (CD II, Manska, and Jose) were not harvested during the 2002 growing season to ensure reseeding. Crested wheatgrass CD II did not survive the summer drought of 2002 and was replaced by annual ryegrass. Grazing and data collection will begin in January 2003. A research proposal to determine selection criteria for breeding forage-type or improved dual-purpose wheat cultivars for the Texas Rolling Plains was submitted to the Texas Wheat Producers Board in November 2002. An experiment to evaluate winter-season forage production and summer drought survival of obligatory summer-dormant, summer-active, and summer semi-dormant types of a range of cool-season perennial grasses was established in Vernon, TX in October 2002. To address mechanisms of drought resistance in the
obligatory summer-dormant grasses, a greenhouse experiment was established in December 2002 to evaluate effects of winter drought, and a similar experiment will be performed in cooperation with TAES Overton to evaluate the effect of day length and temperature on the induction of summer dormancy and drought resistance. Experiments addressing the impact of defoliation on wheatgrass productivity and persistence were re-established on two new locations at the Vernon Center (sandy soil) and Smith & Walker Research Unit (loamy soil) in October 2002 because of severe infestation with winter annual grasses in older plots. A series of greenhouse experiments evaluating mechanisms of drought resistance in wheatgrasses were completed in 2002 and plant material analyses will be performed in 2003 by cooperating researchers. A collaborative experiment with the Noble Foundation, Ardmore, OK on susceptibility of Russian wildrye to acidic soil/aluminum toxicity was completed in April 2002 and the
experiment will be repeated in January-March 2003. Data suggest a mechanism of aluminum chelation on the root surfaces. An experiment to evaluate the potential of annual cool-season legumes as component of pastures to reduce nitrogen fertilizer costs and increase forage quality was re-established at a location free of winter annual grasses at the Vernon Center in October 2002. An experiment to determine forage production and persistence of alfalfa varieties under irrigated and rainfed systems was established in October 2001. Data were collected in 2002 and the experiment will continue in 2003. The effect of infection with novel Neotyphodium-endophytes on copper acquisition in tall fescue and perennial ryegrass was evaluated in a greenhouse experiment in October-December 2002. A new method (MetPlate test) was tested to determine copper-binding activity of root exudates. The experiment will be repeated in January-March 2003.
Impacts
The multi-disciplinary approach pursued in this program addresses various aspects of pasture management strategies to optimize year-round forage production in the semi-arid environments of the Texas Rolling Plains. Especially promising are preliminary results on summer drought survival by obligatory summer-dormant cool-season grasses, a group of grasses that has not been previously evaluated in this region. Understanding mechanisms of forage plant responses to biotic and abiotic stresses will help select productive and persistent species and varieties, minimize costs of forage production, and maximize return to the farmer.
Publications
- Malinowski, D.P., Pinchak, W.E., Baughman, T.A., and G.D. Antilley. 2001. Effects of herbicide and liquid nitrogen fertilizer application on the establishment of wheatgrass pastures in the Texas Rolling Plains. Texas Journal of Agriculture and Natural Resources 14:58-67.
- Hopkins, A.A., Malinowski, D., Walker, D.W., Zuo, H., Zhang, H., and T. Provin. 2002. Susceptibility of Russian wildrye to acidic soil/aluminum toxicity. 2002 Agron. Abst., Am. Soc. Agron., Madison, WI.
- Muir, J.P., Reed, R., and D. Malinowski. 2002. Seed and forage production of Strophostyles leiosperma and S. helvula harvested at 3 heights. 2002 Agron. Abst., Am. Soc. Agron., Madison, WI.
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