Source: SOUTH DAKOTA STATE UNIVERSITY submitted to NRP
PEDOLOGY INFORMATION TRANSFER FOR SOUTH DAKOTA
Sponsoring Institution
National Institute of Food and Agriculture
Project Status
COMPLETE
Funding Source
HATCH
Reporting Frequency
Annual
Accession No.
0190003
Grant No.
(N/A)
Cumulative Award Amt.
(N/A)
Proposal No.
(N/A)
Multistate No.
(N/A)
Project Start Date
Oct 1, 2001
Project End Date
Sep 30, 2006
Grant Year
(N/A)
Program Code
[(N/A)]- (N/A)
Recipient Organization
SOUTH DAKOTA STATE UNIVERSITY
PO BOX 2275A
BROOKINGS,SD 57007
Performing Department
PLANT SCIENCE
Non Technical Summary
Soils are an important natural resource that need to be carefully managed and sustained. The purpose of this project is to improve the quality and quantity of soil mapping and soil interpretations for management and sustainability of soil resources
Animal Health Component
50%
Research Effort Categories
Basic
30%
Applied
50%
Developmental
20%
Classification

Knowledge Area (KA)Subject of Investigation (SOI)Field of Science (FOS)Percent
1010199206160%
1020199206120%
1030199206110%
1040199206110%
Knowledge Area
103 - Management of Saline and Sodic Soils and Salinity; 102 - Soil, Plant, Water, Nutrient Relationships; 104 - Protect Soil from Harmful Effects of Natural Elements; 101 - Appraisal of Soil Resources;

Subject Of Investigation
0199 - Soil and land, general;

Field Of Science
2061 - Pedology;
Goals / Objectives
1. Investigate, evaluate, and develop electronic methods of handling soils information including storage, inventory, and display of pedology and land use data. 2. Investigate and evaluate the usefulness of electromagnetic induction (EM) and electrical conductivity (EC) for pedology and site-specific management. 3. Study and determine the pedologic relationships of soils and environmental stresses to meet user needs
Project Methods
1.Computer programs (including those developed in earlier projects) will be evaluated for storing, inventorying, summarizing, and displaying soils data. Geographic information and data base systems will be tested to evaluate their usefulness in providing specific and customized pedology information. These systems will work on personal computers and an interactive WEB site and store: 1)factual and interpretive information found in modern detailed soil surveys, 2)plant/crop yield information, 3)soil maps, and 4)include a system to recall and manipulate the various layers of natural resource data. Basic soils data (for major and benchmark SD soils) from SDSU research, NRCS studies, and other sources will be gathered and made available to cooperating agencies and projects. The types of information, maps, and computer files which will be generated include: soil maps; pH maps; soil chemical and physical properties maps; soil suitability for plants; crop/range/pasture yields; building site suitability maps/or tables; aquifer vulnerability maps; soil suitability for sanitary facilities; and many other potential recreational, agricultural, environmental, and engineering uses. Annual crop, range, and pasture yield and land use data will be added to the existing data base system on a county basis. 2.Different fields with different soil parent materials and crop/plant management systems will be characterized (detailed soils maps, elevation, GPS referenced sample sites, and others) to determine how EM and EC values (at various depths and with different machines) are influenced by soil moisture, soil series, soil pH, soil salinity, clay content, soil bulk density, and other selected environmental and soil properties. The EM 38 meter and the Veris 3100 will be the primary machines used. New technology will be evaluated as it becomes available. At selected sites management impacts on EM and EC values will be tested. Geostatistics and other statistical procedures will be used to analyze the data and characterize each field. Soil chemical and physical properties will be determined to classify and characterize each major soil present in the study fields. Soil samples will be described, sampled, and analyzed according to morphological features (by horizons). Lab tests will include particle size (soil texture), soil pH, EC, SAR, organic carbon, inorganic carbon, total carbon, CEC, adsorbed cations, and other tests as needed. Relationships between soil properties, soil genesis, EM and EC values, crop/plant yields, and soil taxonomic groups will be quantitatively defined. 3.Determine pedologic relationships of soils and environmental stresses for various users (e.g. soil productivity ratings for SD major land resource regions; soil characterization and soil genesis studies for ongoing SD soil surveys and soil interpretations; long-term impact of cultivation and grasses on soil quality, C sequestration, and soil genesis; biomass production and soil genesis; geography of SD soil test values and soil classification, and others). The exact methods used will depend on the project needs and are cooperative in nature with other agencies and research projects.

Progress 10/01/01 to 09/30/06

Outputs
During this project assisted the USDA-NRCS with the SD Cooperative Soil Survey and 100,000 ha were mapped in various counties. Approximately 1500 different soil samples were characterized for NRCS and SDSU research projects. Information was used to update and modify state and federal soil databases and to assist ongoing soil surveys. Official soil series (75+) descriptions and data base files were reviewed and updated. Yield information on 300+ SD soils was updated and revised. More than 15,000 deteriorating old (1935-1956) air photos (not available elsewhere) from 20+ SD counties were converted into digital tiff images for long-term use and archiving. Completed a study on the influence of time, temperature, and carbon levels on the development of hydric soil characteristics in saturated soil material systems. A MS thesis was completed and journal papers are being prepared. A Web-based image search engine was developed and images are being uploaded and coded for the search engine. SD soil survey and data from SDSU, NRCS files and images, and related links are being incorporated into the Web site.

Impacts
This project assists decision makers by providing current, easily available soils data in a variety of user friendly sources (Internet to hardcopy). Existing and new data sources are being converted to electronic formats to allow for even greater utilization by resource managers for appropriate landuse and soil resource decisions that are economically and environmentally sustainable.

Publications

  • Eynard, A., Schumacher, T.E., Lindstrom, M.J., Malo, D.D., and Kohl, R.A. 2006. Effects of aggregate structure and organic C on wettability of Ustolls. Soil Tillage Research 88:205-216.
  • Papiernik, S.K., M.J. Lindstrom, Schumacher, T.E., Schumacher, J.A., Malo, D.D., and Lobb, D.A. 2006. Characterization of Soil Profiles in a Landscape Affected by Long-Term Tillage. Soil Tillage Research 88: (in press, doi:10.1016/j.still.2006.05.007).
  • Schumacher, T.E., Eynard, A., Lindstrom, M.J., Schumacher, J.A., Papiernik, S.K., Malo, D.D., Kohl, R.A., and Lobb, D.A. 2006. Aggregate wettability and stability in an eroded landscape. Proceedings of ISTRO 17: Sustainability: Its Impact on Soil Management and Environment. pp. 1474-1479. ISBN 3-9811134-0-3.
  • Malo, D.D., Filholm, M.G., and Owens, C.J. 2006. Davison, Douglas, Grant, Hutchinson, Lake, Minnehaha, Moody, and Sanborn (1940-1956) Counties, SD Air Photos. Pedology CD 06-3 through CD 06-12. Plant Science Department. South Dakota State University. Brookings 57007-2141. (A series of 10 CDs with approximately 170 images on each CD.)
  • Blue, R.A. 2006. Influence of Time, Temperature, and Carbon Level on the Development of Hydric Soil Characteristics in Saturated Soil Material Systems. MS thesis. South Dakota State University. Brookings 57007.
  • Blue, R.A., Malo, D.D., Schumacher, T.E., Doolittle, J.J., and Lund, J.J. 2006. Redox Development in Soil Materials as Influenced by Time, Temperature, and Carbon Level. 18th World Congress of Soil Science. Published Abstracts. Philadelphia, PA. July 9-15, 2006. (http://crops.confex.com/crops/wc2006/techprogram/P18262.HTM)
  • Eynard, A., Schumacher, T.E., Kohl, R.A., and Malo, D.D. 2006. Soil Wettability Relationships with Soil Organic Carbon and Aggregate Stability. 18th World Congress of Soil Science. Published Abstracts. Philadelphia, PA. July 9-15, 2006. (http://crops.confex.com/crops/wc2006/techprogram/P16051.HTM)


Progress 01/01/05 to 12/31/05

Outputs
During 2005 this project assisted the USDA-NRCS with the SD Cooperative Soil Survey and 15,000 ha were mapped in Codington and Lawrence Counties of SD. Approximately 250 different soil samples were characterized for NRCS and SDSU research projects. Information was used to update and modify state and federal soil databases and to assist ongoing soil surveys. Official soil series (12+) descriptions and data base files were reviewed and updated. Yield information on 100+ SD soils was updated and revised. Approximately 3,000 deteriorating old (1939-1953) air photos (not available elsewhere) from various SD counties (Edmunds, Faulk, Grant, McPherson, and Spink) were converted into digital tiff images for long-term use and archiving. Construction of a SDSU soil survey information Web page continues. An image search engine was developed and images are being uploaded and coded for the search engine. SD soil survey and data from SDSU, NRCS files and images, and related links are being incorporated into the Web site. Continuing analyses of soils sampled soils in various ecological sites (range sites) at the Cottonwood Research Station to determine the impact of long-term grazing intensity on selected soil properties. Forty-two pedons were sampled morphologically. Completed complete characterization analyses of 20+ pedons from the Black Hills area of SD for the NRCS. Results are being used to update and assist with the ongoing soil surveys and MLRA revisions in the Black Hills area. A study examining the changes in soil test phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) levels since 1950 using soil test lab data is continuing. P and K Data are sorted by county and by soil association. The geography and time changes of soil test P and K levels are being evaluated. Started a new study with the USFWLS to look characterize the soils in Kealia Pond National Wildlife Refuge on Maui, HA. Soils were sampled morphologically and detailed characterization analyses are being run on the soil samples. Twenty-four pedons were sampled.

Impacts
This project assists decision makers by providing current, easily available soils data in a variety of user friendly sources (Internet to hardcopy). Existing and new data sources are being converted to electronic formats to allow for even greater utilization by resource managers for appropriate landuse and soil resource decisions that are economically and environmentally sustainable.

Publications

  • Malo, D.D., Schumacher, T.E., and Doolittle, J.J. 2005. Long-term cultivation impacts on selected soil properties in the northern Great Plains. Soil Tillage Research 81:277-291.
  • Eynard, A., Schumacher, T.E., Lindstrom, M.J., and Malo, D.D. 2005. Effects of agricultural management systems on soil organic carbon in aggregates of Ustolls and Usterts. Soil Tillage Research 81:253-263. Reicosky, D.C., Lindstrom, M.J., Schumacher, T.E., Lobb, D.E., and Malo, D.D. 2005. Tillage-induced CO2 loss across an eroded landscape. Soil Tillage Research 81:183-194
  • Malo, D.D., Filholm, M.G., and Owens, C.J. or Korleski, B.J. 2004. Edmunds, Faulk, Grant, McPherson, Spink (1939-1953) Counties, SD Air Photos. Pedology CD 05-1 through CD 05-18. Plant Science Department. South Dakota State University. Brookings 57007-2141. (A series of 18 CDs with approximately 160 images on each CD.)
  • Werkmeister, C.E., Doolittle, J.J., Schumacher, T.E., and Malo, D.D. 2005. Durability of potassium permanganate coated waste rock. 2005 International ASA-CSSA-SSSA Annual Meetings. Published Abstracts. Salt Lake City, Utah. November 6-10, 2005. (http://crops.confex.com/crops/2005am/techprogram/P5068.HTM)
  • Malo, D.D., Werkmeister, C.E., Schumacher, T.E., and Doolittle, J.J. 2005. Freeze-Thaw Impacts on Passivation Coating Durability. 2005 International ASA-CSSA-SSSA Annual Meetings. Published Abstracts. Salt Lake City, Utah. November 6-10, 2005. (http://crops.confex.com/crops/2005am/techprogram/P4600.HTM)
  • Malo, D.D. 2005. Introductory Soils (7th edition). Plant Science Department. South Dakota State University. Brookings 57007-2141.
  • Malo, D.D., Doolittle, J.J., Cooley, K.E., Millar, J.B., Schaar, J.M., Schaefer Jr. W.T., Miller, D.M., Shurtliff, D.R., Brady, D.J., and Westerman, J.W. 2005. Region 5 Collegiate Soil Judging Handbook. Plant Science Pamphlet 22. Plant Science Department. South Dakota State University. Brookings 57007-2141.
  • Clay, D.E., Carlson, C.G., Clay, S.A., Chang, J. and Malo, D.D. 2005. Soil organic carbon maintenance in corn (Zea mays L.) and soybean (Glycine max L.) as influenced by elevation zone. J Soil and Water Conservation 60(6): 342-348.
  • Malo, D.D., Doolittle, J.J., Clay, D.E., and Reese, C.L. 2005. Soils Laboratory Manual (34th Edition). Plant Science Department. South Dakota State University. Brookings 57007-2141.


Progress 01/01/04 to 12/31/04

Outputs
During 2004 this project assisted the USDA-NRCS with the SD Cooperative Soil Survey and 20,000 ha were mapped in Codington and Lawrence Counties of South Dakota. Approximately 350 different soil samples were characterized for NRCS and SDSU research projects. Information was used to update and modify state and federal soil databases and to assist ongoing soil surveys. Official soil series (15+) descriptions and data base files were reviewed and updated. Yield information on 100+ SD soils was updated and revised. Approximately 12,000 deteriorating old (1938-1968) air photos (not available elsewhere) from various South Dakota counties (Beadle, Brule, Faulk, Haakon, Hand, Hyde, Hughes, Jerauld, Jones, Lyman, Mellette, Potter, Stanley, Sully, Todd, Tripp, Ziebach) were converted into digital tiff images for long-term use and archiving. Construction of a SDSU soil survey information Web page continues. An image search engine was developed and images are being uploaded and coded for the search engine. South Dakota soil survey and data from SDSU, NRCS files and images, and related links are being incorporated into the Web site. Sampled soils in various ecological sites (range sites) at the Cottonwood Research Station to determine the impact of long-term grazing intensity on selected soil properties. Forty-two pedons were sampled morphologically and lab tests are being run on the samples. Cooperatively sampled 20+ pedons with the NRCS for complete characterization in the Black Hills area of South Dakota. Lab tests are being done to assist in the ongoing soil surveys and MLRA updates in the Black Hills. A study examining the changes in soil test phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) levels since 1950 using soil test lab data is continuing. P and K data are sorted by county and by soil association. The geography and time changes of soil test P and K levels are being evaluated.

Impacts
This project assists decision makers by providing current, easily available soils data in a variety of user friendly sources (Internet to hardcopy). Existing and new data sources are being converted to electronic formats to allow for even greater utilization by resource managers for appropriate landuse and soil resource decisions that are economically and environmentally sustainable.

Publications

  • Lee, S.H., Doolittle, J.J., Malo, D.D., and Schumacher, T.E. 2004. Changes in Se Storage and Bioavailability in Soil after P Application. Abstract 4519. ASA-CSSA-SSSA Annual Meetings Abstracts. Oct 31-Nov 4, 2004, Seattle, WA.
  • Lee, D.K., Doolittle, J.J., Owens, V.N., Boe, A., Schumacher, T.E., and Malo, D.D. 2004. Switchgrass Management for Biomass Production, Carbon Sequestration, and Soil Conservation. Abstract. Soil and Water Conservation Society Annual Meeting. St. Paul, MN. Malo, D.D. 2004. SD Soil Productivity Rating System. PAASD, ASFMRA, and PAASD Annual Meetings. March 12, 2004. Mitchell, SD.
  • Malo, D.D., Doolittle, J.J., and Clay, D.E. 2004. Soils Laboratory Manual. 33rd Edition. Plant Science Department. SDSU. Brookings 57007-2141.
  • Malo, D.D. and Doolittle, J.J. 2004. Introductory Soils. 6th edition. Plant Science Department. South Dakota State University. Brookings 57007-2141.
  • Malo, D.D. 2004. UAC-Progress in Action. In 2004 UAC-SDSU Annual Report. Plant Science Department. South Dakota State University. Brookings 57007-2141.
  • Eynard, A., Schumacher, T.E., Lindstrom, M.J., and Malo, D.D. 2004. Porosity and Pore-size Distribution in Cultivated Ustolls and Usterts. SSSAJ 68:1927-1934.
  • Eynard, A., Schumacher, T.E., Lindstrom, M.J., and Malo, D.D. 2004. Aggregate Sizes and Stability in Cultivated Ustolls and Usterts of South Dakota Prairie. SSSAJ 68:1360-1365.
  • Eynard, A., Schumacher, T.E., Lindstrom, M.J., Malo, D.D., and Kohl, R.A. 2004. Wettability of Soil Aggregates from Cultivated and Uncultivated Usterts and Ustolls. Australian Journal of Soil Research 42:163-170.
  • Alba-De, S., Lindstrom, M.J., Schumacher, T.E., and Malo, D.D. 2004. Soil Landscape Evolution Due to Soil Redistribution by Tillage: A New Conceptual Model of Soil Catena Evolution in Agricultural Landscapes. Catena 58:77-100.
  • Ellsbury, M.M., Clay, S.A., Clay, D.E., and Malo, D.D. 2004. Within-field Spatial Variation of Northern Corn Rootworm Distributions. Gottingen Rootworm Symposium. CABI Book Chapter 7:145-153.
  • Malo, D.D., Filholm, M.G., Wessel, M.K., and Owens, C.J. or Korleski, B.J. 2004. Beadle, Brule, Faulk, Haakon, Hand, Hyde, Hughes, Jerauld, Jones, Lyman, Mellette, Potter, Stanley, Sully, Todd, Tripp, Ziebach (1938-1954) Counties, SD Air Photos. Pedology CD 04-1 through CD 04-67. Plant Science Department. South Dakota State University. Brookings 57007-2141. (A series of 67 CDs with approximately 180 images on each CD.)
  • Kunze, B.O., Johnson, W.C., Millar, J.B., and Malo, D.D. 2004. Wet Soil Moisture Status Frequency and Duration for Well Drained Soils. Abstract 4513. ASA-CSSA-SSSA Annual Meetings Abstracts. Oct 31-Nov 4, 2004, Seattle, WA.
  • Eynard, A., Schumacher, T.E., Kohl, R.A., Malo, D.D., Schumacher, J.A., Lindstrom, M.J., Papiernik, S.K., Lobb, D.A., and Farenhorst, A. 2004. Spatial Patterns of Wettability in an Eroded Soil. Abstract 6068. ASA-CSSA-SSSA Annual Meetings Abstracts. Oct 31-Nov 4, 2004, Seattle, WA.
  • Gasparotto, E., Malo, D.D., and Gelderman, R. 2004. Impact of Organic Matter Removal on Particle Size Analysis by Pipette and Hydrometer. Abstract 3364. ASA-CSSA-SSSA Annual Meetings Abstracts. Oct 31-Nov 4, 2004, Seattle, WA.


Progress 01/01/03 to 12/31/03

Outputs
During 2003 this project assisted the USDA-NRCS with the SD Cooperative Soil Survey and 30,000 ha were mapped in Codington and Lawrence Counties of SD. Approximately 250 different soil samples were characterized for NRCS and SDSU research projects. Information was used to update and modify state and federal soil databases and to assist ongoing soil surveys. Map compilation (traditional inking and computer conversion of soil lines from raster to vector) on 769 quad sheets (approximately 8.5 million ha) in 15 SD counties (Butte, Corson, Dewey, Hand, Harding, Hughes, Meade, Perkins, Jackson, Shannon, Stanley, Sully, Todd, Tripp, and Ziebach) for NRCS soil survey digitization and GIS applications was completed. Official soil series (20+) descriptions and data base files were reviewed and updated. Yield information on 200+ SD soils was updated and revised. Approximately 8400 deteriorating old (1938-1968) air photos (not available elsewhere) from various SD counties (Fall River, Harding, Aurora, Clay, Butte, Meade, and Corson) were converted into digital tiff images for long-term use and archiving. Construction of a SDSU soil survey information Web page continues with a proposed 2004 launch date. The Moody County, SD soil survey and data from SDSU, NRCS files and images, and related links are being incorporated into the Web site. In cooperation with the SD Department of Agriculture and NRCS a statewide soils GIS system was developed and is being tested. This system uses government files, NRCS data bases, SDSU information, and will be available for state and federal government agencies and others for landuse planning. A study examining the changes in soil test phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) levels since 1950 using soil test lab data is continuing. P and K Data are sorted by county and by soil association. The geography and time changes of soil test P and K levels are being evaluated. Cooperative work on the NCR-3 regional soils map was completed and the map was published by Iowa State University.

Impacts
This project assists decision makers by providing current, easily available soils data in a variety of user friendly sources (Internet to hardcopy). Existing and new data sources are being converted to electronic formats to allow for even greater utilization by resource managers for appropriate landuse and soil resource decisions that are economically and environmentally sustainable.

Publications

  • Malo, D.D. and Klein, B.S. 2003. Egan Soil Aggregate Stability Results from Clay County, South Dakota. Pedology Report 03-3. Pedology Laboratory, Plant Science Department, South Dakota State University. Brookings 57007-2141.
  • Clay, D.E., Clay, S.A., Jackson, J., Dalsted, K., Reese, C., Liu, Z., Malo, D.D. and Carlson, C.G. 2003. Carbon-13 Discrimination Can Be Used to Evaluate Soybean Yield Variability. Agronomy Journal 95:430-435.
  • Malo, D.D. 2003. Report of Findings on SD Game, Fish, and Parks Soil Samples from the Victoria Lake Area of Pennington County, South Dakota. Pedology Report 03-2. Pedology Laboratory, Plant Science Department, South Dakota State University. Brookings 57007-2141.
  • Malo, D.D. and Klein, B.S. 2003. Badger, Chancellor, Doburg, Flandreau, Rauville, Swenoda, and Ward Soil Series Particle Size Analysis Results for Selected Horizons from Moody and Codington Counties, South Dakota and Pipestone County, Minnesota. Pedology Report 03-1. Pedology Laboratory, Plant Science Department, South Dakota State University. Brookings 57007-2141.
  • Chang, J., Clay, D.E., Carlson, C.G., Clay, S.A., Malo, D.D., Berg, R., Kleinjan, J. and Wiebold, W. 2003. The Influence of Different Management Zone Approaches on Corn (Zea mays) N and P Fertilizer Recommendation. Agronomy Journal 95:1550-1559.
  • Malo, D.D., and Klein, B.S. 2003. Egan Soil Carbon and Nitrogen Results from Clay County, South Dakota. Pedology Report 03-4. Pedology Laboratory, Plant Science Department, South Dakota State University. Brookings 57007-2141.
  • Schumacher, T.E., Schumacher, J.A., Doolittle, J.J. and Malo, D.D. 2003. Gilt Edge Mine NPL Site Lawrence County, South Dakota. Evaluation of Plant Available Water Holding Capacity of Proposed Topsoil and Subsoil Materials. Final Report. Plant Science Department, South Dakota Agricultural Experiment Station, South Dakota State University, Brookings 57007-2141.
  • Malo, D.D. 2003. South Dakota Soil Classification Key. TB 96. SDAES. South Dakota State University. Brookings 57007.
  • Eynard, A., Schumacher, T.E., Lindstrom, M.J., Malo, D.D. and Kohl, R.A. 2003. Effect of Organic Matter on Soil Wettability of Ustolls. Abstract No. 228402. ASA-CSSA-SSSA Annual Meetings Abstracts (Nov 2-6, 2003, Denver CO) ASA, CSSA, and SSSA, Madison WI.
  • Reitsma, K.D., Malo, D.D., Shurtliff, D.R. and Everhart, D. 2003. South Dakota Soil Survey Data Management System: An Integrated Data Retrieval and Mapping System for STATSGO and SSURGO Data. Abstract No. 299431. ASA-CSSA-SSSA Annual Meetings Abstracts (Nov 2-6, 2003, Denver CO). ASA, CSSA, and SSSA, Madison WI.
  • Malo, D.D., Doolittle, J.J. and Clay, D.E. 2003. Soils Laboratory Manual. 32nd Edition. Plant Sci. Dept., SDSU, Brookings SD 57007-2141.
  • Malo, D.D., Filholm, M.G. and Wessel, M.K. 2003. Fall River, Harding, Aurora, Clay, Butte, Meade, and Corson (1938-1967) Counties, SD Air Photos. Pedology CD 03-1 through CD 03-45. Plant Science Department. South Dakota State University. Brookings 57007-2141. (A series of 45 CDs with approximately 180 images on each CD.)
  • Lee, S.H, Doolittle, J.J., Lee, D.K., Malo, D.D. and Owens, V.N. 2003. Soil Respiration in Switchgrass Land Managed for Biomass Production. Abstract No. 576512. ASA-CSSA-SSSA Annual Meetings Abstracts (Nov 2-6, 2003, Denver CO). ASA, CSSA, and SSSA, Madison WI.


Progress 01/01/02 to 12/31/02

Outputs
During 2002 this project assisted the USDA-NRCS with the SD Cooperative Soil Survey and 30,000 ha were mapped in Codington and Lawrence Counties of SD. Approximately 400 different soil samples were characterized for NRCS, ARS, and SDSU research projects. Information was used to update and modify state and federal soil databases and to assist ongoing soil surveys. Map compilation (traditional inking and computer assisted) on 136 quad sheets (1.9 million ha in Faulk, Potter, Mellette, and Day Counties, SD) for NRCS soil survey digitization and GIS applications was completed. Official soil series (30+) descriptions and data base files were reviewed and updated. Yield information on 200+ SD soils was updated and revised. Deteriorating old (1938-1968) air photos (not available elsewhere) from various SD counties (Fall River and Pennington) were converted into digital tiff images for long-term use and archiving. A cooperative study at SE Experiment Farm to examine the long-term impact of selected tillage (no-till[NT], conventional[CT], and ridge-till[RT]) and crop rotation systems (corn/soybeans, corn/soybeans/spring wheat, and corn/soybeans/spring wheat/alfalfa rotations) on selected soil quality properties (aggregate stability, pH, %N [total, inorganic, organic], CEC, % C [total, inorganic, organic]) is ongoing and nearing completion. Initial results show that NT significantly increased soil aggregate stability by 4% and 2% when compared to CT and RT systems, respectively. Construction of a new SDSU soil survey information Web page began with a proposed 2003 launch date. The Moody County, SD soil survey and data from SDSU, NRCS files and images, and related links are being incorporated into the Web site. In cooperation with the SD Department of Agriculture and NRCS a statewide soils GIS system was developed and is being tested. This system uses government files, NRCS data bases, SDSU information, and will be available for state and federal government agencies and others for landuse planning. A study examining the changes in soil test phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) levels since 1950 using soil test lab data is continuing. P and K data are sorted by county and by soil association. The geography and time changes of soil test P and K levels are being evaluated. Site selection and protocol development for the SDSU biomass project (carbon sequestration in soils) was completed. A preliminary study comparing different organic matter destruction techniques (hydrogen peroxide, sodium hypochlorite, high temperature furnace 450 to 300 C, and sonication) for soil particle size analyses was completed. Burning the soil at 300 C for 4 hours and sonicating four times was not significantly different from the standard hydrogen peroxide method of organic matter destruction. The other treatments tested gave significantly different clay (-20 to +20%) and sand (-10% to +20%) values when compared to values obtained by standard procedures.

Impacts
This project assists decision makers by providing current, easily available soils data in a variety of user friendly sources (Internet to hardcopy). Existing and new data sources are being converted to electronic formats to allow for even greater utilization by resource managers for appropriate landuse and soil resource decisions that are economically and environmentally sustainable.

Publications

  • Lee, J.H., J.J. Doolittle, D.D. Malo, V.N. Owens, T.E. Schumacher, and D.K. Lee. 2002. Soil Respiration in Switchgrass Land Managed for Biomass Production. Abstract No. 135414. In 2002 ASA, CSSA, and SSSA Abstracts. ASA, CSSA, and SSSA. Madison, WI.
  • Lee, D.K., J.J. Doolittle, D.D. Malo, J.H. Lee, and B.H. Bleakley. 2002. In-Situ CO2 Evolution and Soil Organic C Pools in Switchgrass Land Managed for Biomass Production. Abstract No. 140249. In 2002 ASA, CSSA, and SSSA Abstracts. ASA, CSSA, and SSSA. Madison, WI.
  • Schumacher, T.E., M.J. Lindstrom, D.D. Malo, J.A. Schumacher, and D.E. Clay. 2002. Terrain Pattern Relationships in an Eroded Hummocky Landscape. Abstract No. 112646. In 2002 ASA, CSSA, and SSSA Abstracts. ASA, CSSA, and SSSA. Madison, WI.
  • Eynard, A., T.E. Schumacher, M.J. Lindstrom, D.D. Malo, and R.A. Kohl. 2002. Wettability of Soil Aggregates from Cultivated and Non-Cultivated Ustolls and Usterts. Abstract No. 100418. In 2002 ASA, CSSA, and SSSA Abstracts. ASA, CSSA, and SSSA. Madison, WI.
  • Lindstrom, M.J., T.E. Schumacher, D.D. Malo, and S. de Alba. 2002. Soil Profile Modifications by Soil Redistribution from Tillage: Effects on Soil Quality Parameters on a Prairie Landscape. British Society of Soil Science and GeoStats-UK. Conference - Theoretical Developments and Applications of Spatial Analysis in the Environment, Earth, and Agricultural Sciences. University of Reading, Reading, England. March 25-26, 2002.
  • Schumacher, T.E., M.J. Lindstrom, D.D. Malo, and J.A. Schumacher. 2002. Spatial Patterns of Bulk Electrical Conductivity on an Eroded Prairie Landscape. British Society of Soil Science and GeoStats-UK. Conference - Theoretical Developments and Applications of Spatial Analysis in the Environment, Earth, and Agricultural Sciences. University of Reading, Reading, England. March 25-26, 2002.
  • Malo, D.D., J.J. Doolittle, and D.E. Clay. 2002. Soils Laboratory Manual. 31st Edition. Plant Science Department. South Dakota State University. Brookings 57007-2141.
  • Doolittle, J.J., D.D. Malo, B.O. Kunze, S.D. Winter, W.T. Schaefer Jr., J.B. Millar, and D. R. Shurtliff. 2002. Land Judging in South Dakota. ABS 8-01(revised). College of Agriculture and Biological Sciences. South Dakota State University. Brookings 57007-2141. (Hardcopy and online at http://agbiopubs.sdstate.edu/articles/ABS8-01.pdf)
  • Doolittle, J.J., D.D. Malo, D.K. Lee, and J.H. Lee. 2002. Estimation of Cd, Zn, and Cu Buffering Capacities in Soils Using Metal Fractionation. Abstract No. 134357. In 2002 ASA, CSSA, and SSSA Abstracts. ASA, CSSA, and SSSA. Madison, WI.
  • Malo, D.D., J.H. Lee. 2002, J.J. Doolittle, and D.K. Lee. Impact of Selected Organic Matter Destruction Methods in Soil Particle Size Analysis. Abstract No. 140704. In 2002 ASA, CSSA, and SSSA Abstracts. ASA, CSSA, and SSSA. Madison, WI.
  • Malo, D.D. and M.G. Filholm. 2002. Pennington County, SD Air Photos (1938 - Part A). Pedology CD 02-1. Plant Science Department. South Dakota Agricultural Experiment Station. South Dakota State University. Brookings 57007-2141. (195 images)
  • Malo, D.D. and M.G. Filholm. 2002. Pennington County, SD Air Photos (1938 Part B, 1939, and 1954 Part A). Pedology CD 02-2. Plant Science Department. South Dakota Agricultural Experiment Station. South Dakota State University. Brookings 57007-2141. (211 images)
  • Malo, D.D., M.G. Filholm, and H.M. Farber. 2002. Pennington County, SD Air Photos (1968 Part E). Pedology CD 02-11. Plant Science Department. South Dakota Agricultural Experiment Station. South Dakota State University. Brookings 57007-2141. (203 images)
  • Malo, D.D., M.G. Filholm, and H.M. Farber. 2002. Pennington (1968 Part F) and Fall River (1938 Part A) Counties, SD Air Photos. Pedology CD 02-12. Plant Science Department. South Dakota Agricultural Experiment Station. South Dakota State University. Brookings 57007-2141. (189 images)
  • Malo, D.D., M.G. Filholm, and H.M. Farber. 2002. Pennington County, SD Air Photos (1954 Part B). Pedology CD 02-3. Plant Science Department. South Dakota Agricultural Experiment Station. South Dakota State University. Brookings 57007-2141. (211 images)
  • Malo, D.D., M.G. Filholm, and H.M. Farber. 2002. Pennington County, SD Air Photos (1954 Part C). Pedology CD 02-4. Plant Science Department. South Dakota Agricultural Experiment Station. South Dakota State University. Brookings 57007-2141. (201 images)
  • Malo, D.D., M.G. Filholm, and H.M. Farber. 2002. Pennington County, SD Air Photos (1954 Part D). Pedology CD 02-5. Plant Science Department. South Dakota Agricultural Experiment Station. South Dakota State University. Brookings 57007-2141. (207 images)
  • Malo, D.D., M.G. Filholm, and H.M. Farber. 2002. Pennington County, SD Air Photos (1954 Part E and 1955 Part A). Pedology CD 02-6. Plant Science Department. South Dakota Agricultural Experiment Station. South Dakota State University. Brookings 57007-2141. (203 images)
  • Malo, D.D., M.G. Filholm, and H.M. Farber. 2002. Pennington County, SD Air Photos (1955 Part B, 1962, and 1968 Part A). Pedology CD 02-7. Plant Science Department. South Dakota Agricultural Experiment Station. South Dakota State University. Brookings 57007-2141. (189 images)
  • Malo, D.D., M.G. Filholm, and H.M. Farber. 2002. Pennington County, SD Air Photos (1968 Part B). Pedology CD 02-8. Plant Science Department. South Dakota Agricultural Experiment Station. South Dakota State University. Brookings 57007-2141. (196 images)
  • Malo, D.D., M.G. Filholm, and H.M. Farber. 2002. Pennington County, SD Air Photos (1968 Part C). Pedology CD 02-9. Plant Science Department. South Dakota Agricultural Experiment Station. South Dakota State University. Brookings 57007-2141. (181 images)
  • Malo, D.D., M.G. Filholm, and H.M. Farber. 2002. Pennington County, SD Air Photos (1968 Part D). Pedology CD 02-10. Plant Science Department. South Dakota Agricultural Experiment Station. South Dakota State University. Brookings 57007-2141. (204 images)
  • Malo, D.D. 2002. Soils of the Grasslands. In Encyclopedia of Soil Science, R. Lal ed., Marcel Dekker Inc., New York, New York 10016, p 616-620.
  • Malo, D.D., J.H. Lee and D.K. Lee. 2002. Particle Size Analysis of Graceville Soils from Minnehaha County, SD. Pedology Pamphlet 02-1. Plant Science Department. South Dakota State University. Brookings 57007-2141.
  • Malo, D.D., J.H. Lee, and D.K. Lee. 2002. Particle Size Analysis of Doland and Svea Soils from Codington County, SD. Pedology Pamphlet 02-02. Plant Science Department. South Dakota State University. Brookings 57007-2141.
  • Schumacher, T.E., J.A. Schumacher, D.D. Malo, J.J. Doolittle, A.A. Boe, G.E. Larson, L.C. Schleicher, Jr., and J.R. Johnson. 2002. Gilt Edge Mine NPL Site Lawrence County, South Dakota - Final Report for the PAW Evaluation. Plant Science Department Pamphlet 8. South Dakota Agricultural Experiment Station. South Dakota State University. Brookings 57007-2141.
  • Chang, J., D.E. Clay, C.G. Carlson, S.A. Clay, and D.D. Malo. 2002. The Influence of Different Classification Approaches on N and P Fertilizer Recommendations. In Robert et al. (eds.). Proceedings of the 6th International Conference of Precision Agriculture July 14-17 2002. Minneapolis MN. p 120.
  • Ellsbury, S.A. Clay, D.E. Clay, D.D. Malo, and C.G. Carlson. 2002. Increased Incidence of Extended Diapause in Northern Corn Rootworm and Evidenced by Georeferenced Adult Emergence. In Robert et al. (eds.). Proceedings of the 6th International Conference of Precision Agriculture July 14-17 2002. Minneapolis MN. p 148.
  • Lindstrom, M.J., T.E. Schumacher, and D.D. Malo. 2002. Distribution of Organic and Inorganic Soil Carbon in an Eroded Prairie Landscape. 45th Annual Manitoba Society of Soil Science Meeting. Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada. Feb 5-6, 2002.