Progress 10/01/01 to 09/30/07
Outputs
This project has generated two Master's and two PhD graduates with degrees in Animal Science with an emphasis on ruminant nutrition and beef cattle management. Results from these projects have been and are being disseminated through our Oklahoma Beef Cattle Manual (http://www.agecon.okstate.edu/cattleman/index.asp) annual departmental Research Report (http://www.ansi.okstate.edu/research/), through Extension Fact Sheets (http://pods.dasnr.okstate.edu/docushare/dsweb/View/Collection-238) and through presentations at various educational seminars, field days, County Cattlemen's Association meetings, state Cattlemen's Association Convention, National Cattlemen's Beef Association Conventions, and through local Master Cattleman small group meetings.
Impacts
As a result of this series of studies, we have learned that several sources of whole, raw oilseed (unprocessed) can be used as an effective protein and energy source in beef cows. As a consequence, producers have begun to use high quality soybeans, drought stressed soybeans and sunflower seeds as supplements for beef cows when market prices for these commodities permit. A second important impact is that calves can be placed on a finishing diet directly after weaning at about 7 months of age, or they can be grazed on wheat pasture after weaning until about 12 months of age before being placed on feed, with little to no influence on carcass quality. This is an important finding as there is more and more incentive in the market place to provide high quality carcasses (high to moderate marbling and low to moderate carcass fat). However, current high feed costs have strongly discouraged a long finishing period, such as is necessary with calf-fed animals. Based on these
results, we can utilize high quality wheat pasture in the Southern Plains to reduce the need for corn and other feed grains in the beef production system without compromising carcass quality. Finally, we have noted a consistent, although gradual increase in the number of producers in our state that have chosen to wean their calves at their home operation and background or "precondition" them for 45 to 90 days. Several years ago, very few producers were willing to do this. Our work, among others' has shown that weaning and preconditioning calves at home is biologically and economically beneficial to both the cow/calf producer, the stocker operator and the cattle feeder.
Publications
- M.D. Hudson, J.P Banta, D.S. Buchanan, and D.L. Lalman. 2006. Effects of Timing of Weaning in a Fall-Calving System on Performance of Beef Cows and Their Progeny. http://www.ansi.okstate.edu/research/2006rr/
- M.D. Hudson and D.L. Lalman. 2006. Effects of Weaning Date and Deworming on Post Weaning Performance of Beef Heifers Grazing Native Range. http://www.ansi.okstate.edu/research/2006rr/
- J.M. Lattimer, S.R. Cooper, D.W. Freeman, and D.L. Lalman. 2007. Effect of yeast culture on in vitro fermentation of high-concentrate or high-fiber diet using equine fecal inoculation in a Daisy II incubator. J. Anim. Sci. 85: 2484-2491.
- Steele, J.D., J.P. Banta, R.P. Wettemann, C.R. Krehbiel, and D.L. Lalman. 2007. Drought stressed soybean supplementation for beef cows. J. Prof. Anim. Sci. 23:358-365.
- Ratcliff, C.D., C.E. Ward, D.L. Lalman. 2007. Price premiums from a certified feeder calf preconditioning program. J. Am. Soc. Farm Managers and Rural Appraisers. 70:48-58.
- M.D. Hudson, J.P. Banta, D.S. Buchanan, and D.L. Lalman. 2007. Effects of timing of weaning in a fall-calving system on performance of beef cows and their progeny. J. Anim. Sci. 85(Suppl. 2): 13.
- C. Coffey, D.L. Lalman, D. Childs, M.D. Hudson, and S.J. Winterholler. 2007. The effects of supplementation and forage source on performance of steers during fall backgrounding. J. Anim. Sci. 85(Suppl. 2): 14.
- M.D. Hudson, C. Coffey, D. Childs, and D.L. Lalman. 2007. The effects of limit grazing method on stocker and feedlot performance of beef calves grazing winter wheat pasture. J. Anim. Sci. 85(Suppl. 2): 25.
- S.J. Winterholler, M.D. Hudon, G.W. Horn, C. R. Krehbiel, and D.L. Lalman. 2007. Performance and economic assessment of two management systems for spring-born calves. J. Anim. Sci. 85(Suppl. 2): 29.
- M.D. Hudson, A.P. Woodruff, G. Highfill and D.L. Lalman. 2006. Effect of Introduced Microbes and Re-Implant Treatment on Performance of Steers Grazing Mature Alfalfa and Maton Rye Pasture. http://www.ansi.okstate.edu/research/2006rr/
- C. Coffey, D.L. Lalman, and D. Childs. 2006. The Effects of Supplementation and Forage Source on Performance of Steers During Fall Backgrounding. http://www.ansi.okstate.edu/research/2006rr/
- Lalman, D.L. 2005. Nutritive Value of Feeds for Beef Cattle. F-3018. http://pods.dasnr.okstate.edu/docushare/dsweb/Get/Document-1955/F-301 8web.pdf
- Ward, C.E., C.D. Ratcliff, D.L. Lalman. 2005. Buyer Preferences for Feeder Cattle Traits. F-602. http://pods.dasnr.okstate.edu/docushare/dsweb/Get/Document-2833/F-602 web.pdf
- Lalman, D.L., D.G. Doye, R. True, C. Higgins. 2005. Cow-Calf Production Record Software. CR-3279. http://pods.dasnr.okstate.edu/docushare/dsweb/Get/Document-1926/CR-32 79web.pdf
- Lalman, D.L. 2005. Nutrient Requirements of Beef Cattle. E-974. http://pods.dasnr.okstate.edu/docushare/dsweb/Get/Document-1921/E-974 web.pdf
- Gill, D.R., D.L. Lalman. 2004. Oklahoma Supergold Q & A: Late-season Supplementation Program for Stocker Cattle. F-3033. http://pods.dasnr.okstate.edu/docushare/dsweb/Get/Document-2026/F-303 3web.pdf
- Lalman, D.L., D.R. Gill. 2004. Oklahoma Gold Q & A: Late-season Supplementation Program for Stocker Cattle. F-3032. http://pods.dasnr.okstate.edu/docushare/dsweb/Get/Document-2042/F-303 2web.pdf
- Lalman, D.L. 2004. Supplementing Beef Cows. F-3010. http://pods.dasnr.okstate.edu/docushare/dsweb/Get/Document-1924/F-301 0web.pdf
- Ward, C.E., C.D. Ratcliff, D.L. Lalman. 2004. Price Premiums from the Oklahoma Quality Beef Network. F-599. http://pods.dasnr.okstate.edu/docushare/dsweb/Get/Document-1767/F-599 web.pdf
- Lalman, D.L., 2004. Vitamin and Mineral Nutrition of Grazing Cattle. E-861. http://pods.dasnr.okstate.edu/docushare/dsweb/Get/Document-2032/E-861 web.pdf
- Doye, D.G., D.L. Lalman. 2005. Chapter 1, Beef Industry Overview for Oklahoma. Oklahoma Beef Cattle Manual: 4th Edition. E-913.
- Highfill, G.A., D.L. Lalman. 2005. Chapter 10, The Ruminant Animal. Oklahoma Beef Cattle Manual: 4th Edition. E-913.
- D.L. Lalman. 2005. Chapter 11, Nutrient Requirements of Beef Cattle. Oklahoma Beef Cattle Manual: 4th Edition. E-913.
- D.L. Lalman. 2005. Chapter 12, Nutritive Value of Feeds. Oklahoma Beef Cattle Manual: 4th Edition. E-913.
- D.L. Lalman, J.R. Kropp, and D. Freeman. 2005. Chapter 13, Alternative Feeds. Oklahoma Beef Cattle Manual: 4th Edition. E-913.
- D.L. Lalman. 2005. Chapter 14, Vitamin and Mineral Nutrition of Grazing Cattle. Oklahoma Beef Cattle Manual: 4th Edition. E-913.
- D.L. Lalman. 2005. Chapter 16, Supplementing Beef Cows. Oklahoma Beef Cattle Manual: 4th Edition. E-913: 145-152.
- D.L. Lalman. 2005. Chapter 17, Supplementing and Feeding Calves and Stocker Cattle. Oklahoma Beef Cattle Manual: 4th Edition. E-913: 153-164.
- D.L. Lalman. 2005. Chapter 19, Preconditioning Nutrition and Management. Oklahoma Beef Cattle Manual: 4th Edition. E-913: 177-184.
- Reuter, R. G.A. Highfill, D.L. Lalman. 2005. Chapter 27, Implants and Their Use in Beef Cattle Production. Oklahoma Beef Cattle Manual: 4th Edition. E-913: 255-260.
- Doye, D.G., and D.L. Lalman. 2005. Chapter 34. Analyzing the Financial and Production Performance. Oklahoma Beef Cattle Manual: 4th Edition. E-913: 307-319.
- Highfill, G.A., D. Griffin, C. Gerken, and D.L. Lalman. 2005. Chapter 35. Beef Quality Assurance and Grading Standards. Oklahoma Beef Cattle Manual: 4th Edition. E-913: 321-327.
- Avent, R.K., C.E. Ward, D.L. Lalman. 2003. Economic value of preconditioning feeder calves. F-583.
- Lalman, D.L., M.E. Corro, J.B. White, S.C. Smith. 2003. Survey of Oklahoma Quality Beef Network Stakeholders; Final Report. MP 165.
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Progress 10/01/05 to 09/30/06
Outputs
Calf-fed steers (n=84) and yearling steers (n=60) were utilized in a two-year study that evaluated performance, carcass traits and economics of calf-fed and yearling management systems. At weaning, steers of predominantly Angus genetics and similar age were either sent directly to feedlot (calf-fed) or grazed wheat pasture for 164 d prior to feedlot entry (yearling). Initial feedlot weight was 222 and 445 kg among calf-fed and yearling steers, respectively. Yearling steers were 103 kg heavier at harvest, had greater average daily gain (1.84 vs 1.66 kg) and greater average daily feed intake during the finishing phase (12.42 vs 8.94 kg), but poorer gain:feed than calf-fed steers. Hot carcass weight was 68.5 kg greater for yearling steers, dressing percentage was increased, and ribeye area was larger compared to calf-fed steers. There was no difference in 12th rib fat, % KPH, yield grade, or overall marbling score. Live animal economic analysis based on 5 yr average
prices and production costs demonstrated greater cost of feedlot gain for yearling steers but no difference in finishing phase profitability among calf-fed ($-21.46) and yearling steers($-56.30). Average grazing phase profit in the yearling system was $14.05. Breakeven selling price was higher for steers in the calf-fed system ($82.10) compared to steers in the yearling system ($77.71). There was no difference in profitability for steers in the calf-fed system ($-21.46) compared to steers in the yearling system ($-42.25). Predominantly Angus beef cows were used in two consecutive years to investigate the effects of timing of weaning on cow body weight and condition, reproductive performance, and calf performance of fall-calving beef cows and their progeny. Cows were assigned to two weaning treatments: (1) Traditional weaning in mid-April at approximately 210 d of age (APRIL) and (2) Late weaning in mid-July at approximately 300 d of age (JULY). Performance data were analyzed by number
of years on trial: (1) Cows/calves in their first year on trial (YOT=1) and (2) Cows/calves in their second year on trial (YOT=2). Timing of weaning did not significantly influence performance of YOT=1 cows, however APRIL cows tended to have higher BCS than JULY cows at the July weaning date. In their second year on trial, APRIL cows were 37.7 kg heavier with 0.8 units greater BCS at the July weaning date and 33.6 kg heavier and 0.7 units greater BCS at pre-calving than JULY cows. Percent pregnant did not differ between treatments for YOT=1 or YOT=2; however APRIL cows calved 8 d earlier in the next calving season. Calves born to YOT=1 cows after weaning treatments were applied did not differ significantly for any pre-weaning or weaning traits measured. Progeny of JULY cows out-gained APRIL calves from April to July and were heavier in July, but ADG from birth to July did not differ between treatments. Progeny of APRIL YOT=2 cows tended to be heavier throughout the preweaning period
and were heavier (201.1 kg vs 181.9 kg in April compared to JULY progeny. Although JULY calves had greater ADG from April to July, final wt in July did not differ between treatments.
Impacts
In a spring calving system, a yearling beef production system incorporating long-term winter wheat grazing resulted in a 22% increase in hot carcass weight with little impact on carcass quality compared to a calf-fed system. In a fall-calving system, time of weaning does not influence July calf weight. However, late weaning may cause decreased cow reproductive efficiency over time.
Publications
- Banta, J.P., D.L. Lalman, F.N. Owens, C.R. Krehbiel, and R.P. Wettemann. 2006. Effects of whole sunflower seed supplements during late gestation on reproduction of beef cows and performance of their progeny. J. Anim. Sci. 84: 2410:2417.
- Vestal, Mallory, C. Ward, D.G. Doye and D.L. Lalman. Beef Cattle Production and Management Practices: Implications for Educators. Selected Paper. American Agricultural Economics Association Annual Meeting. July 2006.
- Banta, J. P. and D. L. Lalman. 2005. Effects of whole soybean supplementation and cow age on hay intake and digestion during late gestation. J. Anim. Sci. 83(Suppl. 2): 90.
- Wettemann, R.P., N.H. Ciccioli, S.L. Charles-Edward, H.T. Purvis, D.S. Lusby, G.W. Horn, and D.L. Lalman. 2005. Puberty in beef heifers fed high or low starch diets. J. Anim. Sci. 83(Suppl. 2).
- Lalman, D.L., A.L. Hutson, W. Shearhart, C.E. Ward, S. McKinley. 2005. Preconditioning reduces sickness and death loss in weaned calves. J. Anim. Sci. 83(Suppl. 2).
- Doye, D.G. and D.L. Lalman. Oklahoma Beef Cattle Manual and Master Cattleman Program. Selected Poster. National Extension Risk Management Education Conference. Kansas City. April 2005.
- Corro, M.D., D.L. Lalman, J.D. White, and R.P. Wettemann. 2004. Elements influencing beef producers to participate in preconditioned certified calf sales. J. Anim. Sci. 82(Suppl. 2).
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Progress 10/01/04 to 09/30/05
Outputs
Fifty-six mature beef cows were used in a 2x2 factorial design to identify effects of level of cow supplementation and creep feeding on cow and calf performance. Angus and Hereford x Angus cows calved during September and October and grazed abundant tall grass prairie throughout the experiment. Cows were exposed to bulls from November 20 through January 7. Cow/calf pairs were assigned to one of eight pastures based on treatment and calving date block. Treatments were: 1) .91 kg of 40% CP supplement with no creep feed (LN); 2) 2.72 kg of 20% CP supplement with no creep feed (HN); 3) 2.72 kg of 20% CP supplement with calves having ad libitum access to creep feed (HC); 4) .91 kg of 40% CP supplement with creep feed (LC). Creep feed contained 20% CP, 5% salt and was formulated using a blend of soybean meal, corn, wheat middlings and soybean hulls. Treatments were initiated on January 7 and continued through April 14, when adequate green forage was available. During the
treatment period, cows were rotated to adjacent pastures every 14 days. After April 14, all groups were managed as a single contemporary group until calves were weaned on July 6. Cows and calves were weighed and cows were assigned a body condition score (BCS) on January 7, April 14 and July 6 after a 16-h removal from feed and water. Cows were weighed and scored again on August 16. Treatment did not influence (P > .1) cow weight or BCS change during winter, spring or late summer. Least squares means for calf ADG for LN, HN, HC and LC were .53, .64, .88 and .81 kg (P < .01) during winter, and 1.28, 1.34, 1.20 and 1.19 kg (P < .02) during early summer, respectively. Creep intake was 126.7 kg and 154.1 kg for HC and LC, respectively (P > .1). Additional calf winter weight gain due to creep feeding was 22.9 kg for HC vs HN and 27 kg for LC vs LN (P > .1). Creep feeding fall-born calves has no effect on cow weight and BCS change. Sixty two percent of the additional weight gain from creep
feeding was retained through weaning.
Impacts
Creep feeding fall-born calves had no effect on cow weight and BCS change. Sixty-two percent of the additional weight gain from winter creep feeding was retained through weaning. Creep fed calves from low nutrition level cows had enough additional weaning weight to offset the additional feed costs and return an additional $6.30 per calf. Non creep fed calves from the high nutrition cows tended to wean at heavier weights.
Publications
- Banta, J.P., D.L. Lalman, and R.P. Wettemann. 2005. Post-calving nutrition and management programs for two-year-old cows. J. Prof. Anim. Sci. 21:151-158.
- Ciccioli, N.H., S.L. Charles-Edwards, C. Floyd, R.P. Wettemann, H.T. Purvis, K.S. Lusby, G.W. Horn, and D.L. Lalman. 2005. Incidence of puberty in heifers fed high or low starch diets for different periods before breeding. J. Anim Sci. 2005 83: 2653-2662.
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Progress 10/01/03 to 09/30/04
Outputs
During late gestation, 24 spring calving beef cows were used to determine the effects of cow age class and whole soybean supplementation on hay intake and digestion. Days from last measured DMI to calving averaged 19.2. A 2 x 3 factorial treatment arrangement with two supplements and three cow age classifications was used. Cows were classified as 2-yr-, 3-yr-olds, or mature (avg = 8.0; range = 6 to 12 yr). Supplement treatments included: 1) 1.36 kg/d of whole raw soybeans (WSOB); and 2) 1.56 kg/d of a soybean meal/hull supplement (POS). Supplements were formulated to be isonitronenous and isocaloric and fed on M, W, F, and Sat. Cows had ad libitum access to bermudagrass hay (CP = 8.3%, NDF = 75%, DM). Hay intake was measured directly and fecal output was estimated by analyzing fecal grab samples, hay, orts, and supplements for acid detergent insoluble ash. No cow age class x supplement interactions were significant for any intake or digestion measurements. Neither hay
intake (1.63% of BW) nor DMI (1.92% of BW) were influenced by cow age class or supplement treatment. In addition, DM digestibility (54.2%), NDF digestibility (55.2%), and digested DMI (1.0 kg/100 kg BW) were not influenced by cow age class or supplement treatment. This experiment suggests that whole raw soybeans can be used as a winter supplement without reducing DMI or fiber digestion. It also suggests that separate intake prediction equations are not needed for varying age classes of cows when intake is expressed as a percent of BW.
Impacts
Unprocessed, whole soybeans could be an effective replacement to traditional protein and energy sources in cow/calf supplements during gestation. Potential impacts could include feed cost savings when soybeans were readily available and less expensive compared to traditional supplements.
Publications
- Lalman, D.L., J.P. Banta, and R.P. Wettemann. 2004. Post-calving nutrition and management programs for two-year old cows. J. Anim. Sci 82(Suppl. 2).
- Lalman, D.L. and J.B. Banta. 2003. Characterization of forages for protein and enegy. J. Anim. Sci. 81(Suppl. 2).
- Avent, R.K., C.E. Ward, and D.L. Lalman. 2004. Market valuation of preconditioning feeder calves. J. Ag. Appl. Econ. 36:173-183.
- Johnson, C.R., D.L. Lalman, M.A. Brown, L.A. Appeddu, D.S. Buchanan and R.P. Wettemann. 2003. Influence of milk production potential on forage dry matter intake of multiparous and primiparous Brangus females. J. Anim. Sci. 81:1837-1846.
- Banta, J.P., D.L. Lalman, F.N. Owens, and R.P. Wettemann. 2003. Effects of a Sunflower Seed Supplement on Performance and Reproduction of Wintered Beef Cows. Ok. Ag. Exp. Sta. P-993. Article 3. http://www.ansi.okstate.edu/research/2003rr/
- Corro, M.D., D.L. Lalman, J.D. White, and R.P. Wettemann. 2004. Factors influencing beef producers participation in preconditioned certified calf sales. J. Anim. Sci. 82(Suppl. 2).
- Brown, M.A., S.W. Coleman, and D.L. Lalman. 2004. Relationship of sire estimated progeny differences to milk yield in Brangus cows. J. Anim. Sci. 82(Suppl. 2).
- Wettemann, R.P., F.J. White, I. Rubio, D.W. Kastner, and D.L. Lalman. 2004. Influence of time of insemination after the onset of estrus on pregnancy rate of beef heifers. J. Anim. Sci 82(Suppl. 2).
- Banta, J.P., D.L. Lalman, and R.P. Wettemann. 2004. Effects of a sunflower seed supplement on performance and reproduction of beef cows and their progeny. J. Anim. Sci 82(Suppl. 2).
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Progress 10/01/02 to 09/30/03
Outputs
To determine the effects of supplementing an oilseed (whole sunflower seed) during late gestation on performance of beef cows and their progeny, 160 multiparous spring calving beef cows (588 kg; BCS 5.6) were fed one of three supplements for 76 d late in gestation. Supplements included: 1) 1.02 kg/d of whole sunflower seed (WSUN; CP = 20%, EE = 43%); 2) 0.43 kg/d of soybean meal (NCON;); and 3) 1.90 kg/d of a soybean hull based supplement (PCON). All supplements provided equal amounts of CP and DIP. In addition, PCON and WSUN were isocaloric. During the supplementation period, cows had free choice access to bermudagrass to graze and prairie hay. By the end of the supplementation period, cows consuming PCON and NCON had gained more (P < 0.05) BW than cows consuming WSUN (33, 22, and 10 kg, respectively), possibly due to a decreased intake or digestibility of forage with supplemental oil. However, from the end of the treatment period to the beginning of the breeding
season , PCON supplemented cows lost more (P < 0.01) BW than WSUN supplemented cows (-123 kg and -111 kg). Body condition scores of cows were not different among cows fed different supplements at the end of the supplementation period (5.3), at the start of the breeding season (4.8) or at weaning (4.7). Dietary supplements had little impact on calf birth weight (36 kg; P = 0.40), calf weaning weight (235 kg, P = 0.43), percent of cows cycling at the start of the breeding season (57 %; P = 0.29) or pregnancy rate (89 %; P = 0.46). However, first service conception rate was superior (P < 0.06) for cows fed PCON (79 %) and WSUN (75 %) compared to those fed NCON (55 %). After weaning, steer calves were fed a high concentrate-finishing ration for an average of 188 d until harvest. No significant differences among progeny of cows fed different gestation diets in feedlot performance or carcass traits were detected. Under the conditions of this experiment, cow weight change was negatively
influenced by sunflower seed supplementation during late gestation. Perhaps decreased weight gain during this period is due to excessive fat provided by the sunflowers hindering forage intake and digestion, reduced protein availability in the sunflower supplement compared to the other supplements used, or a combination of the two. If so, supplementing sunflower seed at a lower rate and (or) processing the seed prior to feeding may improve performance during supplementation. However, sunflower seed fed during gestation was effective in improving first service conception rate, even in the presence of lower winter weight gain compared to the other supplement treatments. This implies that sunflower seed may have a positive nutriceutical effect on reproduction in beef cows.
Impacts
Unprocessed, whole sunflower seeds could be an effective replacement to traditional protein and energy sources in cow/calf supplements during gestation. The sunflower seeds used in this study were unique in that they contained 44% fat. Potential impacts could include feed cost savings when sunflowers were readily available and less expensive compared to traditional supplements, and a potential improvement in first service coneption rate. This impact would be particularly advantageous to producers using artificial insemination technology.
Publications
- C.R. Johnson, D.L. Lalman, M.A. Brown, L.A. Appeddu, D.S. Buchanan and R.P. Wettemann. 2003. Influence of milk production potential on forage dry matter intake of Multiparous and primiparous Brangus females. J. Anim. Sci. Accepted.
- G.A. Niles, S. Morgan, W.C. Edwards, and D.L. Lalman. 2002. Effects of dietary sulfur concentrations on the incidence and pathology of polioencephalomalicia in weaned beef calves. Vet. Hum. Toxicol. 44:70.
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Progress 10/01/01 to 09/30/02
Outputs
Ninety-one mature spring calving Angus and Angus x Hereford cows were used to determine the effects of feeding whole or rolled drought stressed soybeans as a winter supplement during late gestation while grazing dormant stockpiled native grass. Cows were blocked by weight and age, and allotted to one of four supplement treatments. Treatments were: (1) whole soybeans , (2) rolled soybeans, (3) a soybean meal and soybean hull supplement, formulated to be equivalent in protein and energy with the whole and rolled soybean treatments, and (4) no supplement. The supplementation period (88 d) was November 11 through February 2, 2001, and supplemented cows were individually fed in covered stalls on an every other day basis. Measurements were taken to monitor cow weight and body condition score change, calf birth and weaning weight, milk production, percent cows cycling at the onset of breeding, and overall pregnancy rates. Cow performance is summarized in Table 2. Treatment
influenced (P<.05) weight change during the supplementation period. The three supplemented groups combined were an average of 153 lbs heavier and 1.16 condition score higher than the NCON cows (P<.05). Results of this experiment confirm other studies demonstrating the importance of winter protein supplementation. Calf birth weight and weaning weight followed a similar pattern, being greater for the three supplemented groups in comparison to NCON (P<.05). When describing cow maintenance (least weight and BCS loss) during the supplementation period treatments can be ranked: PCON, RSB, WSB, and NCON. Cows that received the traditional supplement (PCON) weighed 40 lbs more at the beginning of the calving season compared to the RSB treatment. There were no other differences in measurements between these two groups. The RSB cows were 41 lbs heavier than the WSB treatment after the supplementation period, and had a 43% increase in cows cycling at the onset of the breeding season (P<.05). All
other measurements were similar between RSB and WSB treatments. When comparing WSB to NCON we found significant differences in weight and BCS change during supplementation; as well as decreased birth weight, milk production, and weaning weight for the NCON treatment (P<.05). Percent cows cycling and pregnancy rates were not different between WSB and NCON treatments. Milk production estimates and pregnancy rates for the two soybean groups were numerically higher, although this difference was not statistically different (P>.16) likely due to number of cows per treatment.
Impacts
Drought stressed soybeans can be a cost effective winter supplement for beef cows. There appears to be somewhat of an advantage to processing the soybeans, in terms of cow weight change during winter. However, the difference in cow winter weight change did not significantly affect economically important factors enough to offset processing costs.
Publications
- C.R. Johnson, D.L. Lalman, and C.A. Lents. 2002. Supplemental energy source for beef cows winter grazing late summer fertilized bermudagrass pasture. J. Prof. Anim. Sci. 18:52.
- Gelvin, A.A., D.L. Lalman, C.F. Taliaferro, J. Ball. 2002. Effects of harvest date and late-summer fertilization rate on dry matter yield and chemical composition of stockpiled bermudagrass forage. J. Anim. Sci. 80(Suppl. 2).
- Lalman, D.L., A.A. Gelvin, C.F. Taliaferro, J. Ball. 2002. Effects of harvest date and late-summer fertilization rate on mineral concentrations of stockpiled bermudagrass forage. J. Anim. Sci. 80(Suppl. 2). Steele, J.D., D.L. Lalman, R.P. Wettemann, and C.K. Krehbiel. 2002. Drought stressed soybean supplementation for gestating beef cows. J. Anim. Sci. 80(Suppl. 2).
- Johnson, C.R., D.L. Lalman, M.A. Brown, L. Appeddu. 2002. Influence of cow parity and genetic potential for milk production on forage intake of Brangus females during late gestation. J. Anim. Sci. 80(Suppl. 2).
- Johnson, C.R., D.L. Lalman, M.A. Brown, L. Appeddu. 2002. Influence of cow parity and genetic potential for milk production on forage intake of Brangus females during early lactation. J. Anim. Sci. 80(Suppl. 2).
- Johnson, C.R., D.L. Lalman, M.A. Brown, L. Appeddu. 2002. Influence of cow parity and genetic potential for milk production on forage intake of Brangus females during late lactation. J. Anim. Sci. 80(Suppl. 2).
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Progress 10/01/00 to 09/30/01
Outputs
This project was new October 1, 2001, therefore, no progress to report for this period.
Impacts
(N/A)
Publications
- No publications reported this period
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