Progress 10/01/01 to 09/30/06
Outputs
Due to the passing of the P.I. earlier this year this project has been terminated.
Impacts
Due to the passing of the P.I. earlier this year this project has been terminated.
Publications
- No publications reported this period
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Progress 01/01/05 to 12/31/05
Outputs
This project is winding down now and I expect to finalize it by December 2006. The objective of the research project was to continue work on the definition and elaboration of the concept of industrial cluster. I have started another book on the California energy industry following the publication of Agile Energy Systems: Global Lessons from the California Energy Crisis (Elsevier Publishers, Cambridge, 2004.) This book has been well received, and as a follow-up I have proposed a more accessible and interpretive book that will deal with the challenges of energy policy in a changing world. Since our book was published, blackouts and grid failures have hit different parts of the world, natural gas has gotten much more expensive and no longer is seen as an easy solution to the energy crisis, and California has failed to resolve the basic supply and demand problems that led to the energy crisis in the first place. Nationally, the energy act similarly failed to set policies
in place that are favorable to industry clusters in California. I am working on several additional cluster studies. First, I have revived an interest in highly energy efficient housing as part of the building industry cluster. The potential to save huge quantities of energy in cooling houses (mostly peak demand) remains one of the most easily tapped arenas for more effective energy policy. I have a proposal accepted to present preliminary results of this research at the prestigious ACEEE conference on buildings in Asilomar this summer. I will host another conference on housing and energy efficiency in cooperation with California Rural Housing Coalition. I have also started a project looking at the food processing industry and its cluster structure with Kathie Studwell of Applied Development Economics. This study will look at the interrelation of innovation and energy efficiency in the context of an industry with rapidly changing technology and increasing global competition. Finally, I
have several papers on economic development issues that are being drafed. My earlier study of the link between the environmental technology industry and rural tourism in the town of Arcata was completed and needs to be published with information about its contribution to eco-villages.
Impacts
I have continued to participate in a national task force on the Hydrogen economy led by Jerimy Rifkin with the objective of furthering the potential hydrogen use in fuel cells for transportation and other uses. We expect this to have national and local policy impact. My work on entrepreneurship has included participating in a growing network of evaluators looking at the comparative impact of entrepreneurship, and it has taken me to Kentucky several times. Based on this exposure I have been invited to help the Great Valley Center develop projects in the California foothills. The impact of entrepreneurial development for California rural communities is very significant. I continue to be asked to testify to the legislature about California Enterprise Zones. I am on the board of the Western Rural Development Center (John Allen, Director), and am playing a leading role in that organization. The board will meet in Davis this Spring. The Center is a leading multi-state
coordinating program for research and practice in rural economic development. I continue to be a Board Member of the California Association of Local Economic Development's (CALED) Economic Development Academy. The Academy will be more active this year. We imagine that the Academy will increasingly bridge practice and academic work in all California's cities and counties.
Publications
- No publications reported this period
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Progress 01/01/04 to 12/31/04
Outputs
This project has been going well this year, with the publication of my book which was completed and revised this year, and the initiation of a new emphasis. The objective of the research project was to continue work on the definition and elaboration of the concept of industrial cluster. I am continuing the work on California's emerging clusters with selected industry studies - the first on the California electric utility industry. My book, Agile Energy Systems: Global Lessons from the California Energy Crisis has been published (Elsevier Publishers, Cambridge, 2004.) This is part of their well regarded energy policy series and it has already received considerable positive attention, including a large Publication event at the Milken Institue in Los Angeles with over 100 attendees. I described the main contents in the 2003 report. The second study is on the environmental technology industry, and I have collected and analyzed commercially available data on that industry,
showing the growth and concentration in the state. I have not pursued the earlier data collection efforts because the data were not rich enough. However, I have started another project looking at the extent to which the environmental technology industry can lead to increased rural tourism in the town of Arcata. Arcata has some of the highest density of environmental technology industries especially given the size of its population, and I am working with city officials to study tourism and an eco-village concept. Finally, this year I have invested considerable energy since the publication of my book in exploring the linkage of energy efficiency, affordability, and smart growth in the residential housing industry. I spent a week at the ACEEE energy efficiency in buildings summer workshop at Asilomar this summer where I revitalized my connections with the energy efficiency researchers and organizations internationally who come to that conference. The energy efficiency cluster is one of
the most important assets for California, and in conjunction with the California Rural Housing Coalition we are building linkages to the rural affordable housing industry.
Impacts
Based on the work on my book Agile Energy Systems, I have participated in a national task force on the Hydrogen economy led by Jerimy Rifkin with the objective of furthering the potential hydrogen use in fuel cells for transportation and other uses. The Enterprise Zone study led to a presentation to the Legislature and several consultations with high level legislative staff. I also participated in a legislative hearing on the Guaranteed Loan Program evaluation I completed several years ago and I was asked by the Secretary of the Business and Transportation Agency to conduct an updated study, which is now being negotiated. I organized and held a workshop on Affordable, Green and Smart Growth housing in early September with the top 75 leaders in these sectors in attendance. We generated policy initiatives to further this initiative. I continue to be a Board Member of the California Association of Local Economic Development's (CALED) Economic Development Academy.
Publications
- Bradshaw, Ted & Clark, Woodrow 2004 Agile Energy Systems: Global Lessons from the California Energy Crisis, Elsevier Ltd Publishers (Global Energy Policy and Economics series) published October 2004 (With Woodrow Clark).
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Progress 01/01/03 to 12/31/03
Outputs
This project has been going well this year, with several preliminary results. The first objective of the research project was to continue previous work on the definition and elaboration of the concept of industrial cluster. I am continuing the work on California's emerging clusters with two industry studies - the first on the California electric utility industry. I have completed the manuscript and it will be published in 2004 by Elsevier Press. A key part of it is the analysis of the changes caused by deregulation in the electrical utilities and the response by industrial clusters of the renewable and alternative industry sectors. The first half of the book deals with the events leading to deregulation and the blackouts of 2000-2001, followed by an analysis of the response to the crisis and options for future solutions. We examine the role of renewable sources of energy and the eventual contribution of hydrogen to the solution of the ongoing crisis. Five key ideas
provide the framework for both sections of the book - 1) technologies, 2) regulatory framework, 3) economic models, 4) planning and dealing with complexity, and 5) economic development. The economic development implications of the power sector and the potential for an emerging cluster in the future are relevant to the AES project. The second study is on the environmental technology industry, and I have collected and analyzed commercially available data on that industry, showing the growth and concentration in the state. This analysis follows up on a paper on the environmental technology industry, 'Science First', which appeared in the Journal of Higher Education. This year I organized some of the data collected on faculty doing research on the environmental technology industry and Jerry Last and I are starting to outline a paper using these data. We are not sure if there is enough data for a paper or not, but we are working on it. The project also has included two studies on economic
development initiatives. First, I studied the role of university technology transfer and economic development. The importance of elite universities in technology transfer is well known; in the paper published we look at non-elite universities, which have less technology transfer per institution than elite universities, but in aggregate have about half the nation's research, patents, and spin-off firms. We show how these universities can increase their economic development impact. Second, I completed a study of the economic development impact of Enterprise Zones in California. The state has 39 Enterprise Zones, and we traced the growth in employment and earnings within these zones for the last ten years. The analysis showed that the tax incentives offered in the zones led to more rapid growth in employment and businesses, and that the new tax paid by firms in the zone greatly exceeded the costs of the program, even after taking into account growth that would have 'occurred anyway.' The
data on small business survival rates has not progressed, as the graduate student who worked on this part of the project has not completed her work. I am not going to do that part of the project.
Impacts
The report I completed on Enterprise Zones has led to my being invited to keynote the California Enterprise Zone Association annual conference in October and to state policy continuing to support the zone program. The early work on the Energy book has been in conjunction with the Governor's Office of Planning and Research and has supported initiatives that are ongoing even after the recall. I continue to be a Board Member of the California Association of Local Economic Development's (CALED) Economic Development Academy.
Publications
- Bradshaw, Ted. 2004. Agile Energy Systems for Complex Societies: Solving The California Energy Crisis, Elsevier Ltd Publishers (Global Energy Policy and Economics series) 2004 (With Woodrow Clark) (First draft accepted by publisher; Final draft to be mailed 1-9-04).
- Bradshaw, Ted. 2004. "Economic Development Via University-based Technology Transfer: Strategies for Non-elite Universities." Journal of Technology Transfer (With Tapan Munroe and Mark Westwind, and assistance of Vlad Stasuc) (Accepted for publication 2004).
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Progress 01/01/02 to 12/31/02
Outputs
This project has been going well this year, with several preliminary results. The first objective of the research project was to continue previous work on the definition and elaboration of the concept of industrial cluster. I have continued the work I initially had started on this and have written part of a book chapter and given a conference presentation on it. I chaired and made a major panel presentation at two sessions of the National Association of State Workforce Agencies Workforce Intelligence Summit, 2002 in Sacramento. This was hosted by the California Employment Development Department and about 150 people attended the two sessions. I am continuing the work on emerging clusters with two industry studies-the first on the California electric utility industry. This work is coming out as a book soon, and a key part of it is the analysis of industrial clusters of the renewable and alternative industry sectors. During the last year I have been collecting data and
interviewing people about the future of the electrical power sector, and examining data on the causes and response to the California electricity crisis of 2000-2001. The work relevant to this project involves chapters on the economic development implications of the power sector and the potential for an emerging cluster in the future. The second study is on the environmental technology industry, and I have collected and analyzed commercially available data on that industry, showing the growth and concentration in the state. This analysis follows up on a paper on the environmental technology industry, "Science First", which appears in the Journal of Higher Education. The data on small business survival rates has not progressed, as the graduate student who worked on this part of the project has not completed her work.
Impacts
The notion of clusters has continued to be of concern in local and state policy arenas. The state EDD asked me to chair a conference session on clusters and cluster methodology attended by staff of the Labor Market Information Departments of California and similar state agencies around the nation. In addition, I have been helping the Governor's Office of Planning and Research prepare a white paper on emerging industries and the California economy.
Publications
- Blakely, Edward J. and Ted K. Bradshaw (2002). Planning Local Economic Development, Chapter 5. Sage.
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Progress 01/01/01 to 12/31/01
Outputs
This project has just begun and my first effort has been to look at the economic impacts of the energy crisis on industrial clusters in California. This will be included in a book on the California energy crisis, but it is not completed yet. I have also collected time data on changes in survival rates of small businesses in the state.
Impacts
There is no impact yet as this project is just beginning.
Publications
- No publications reported this period
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