Progress 08/01/01 to 07/31/04
Outputs
Mitigate impact of freezes: (1) We have continued our study of the freezing behavior of Satsuma mandarins. (2) We have determined the freeze risk of Satsuma mandarins on the gulf coast Marketing: (1) We have published an article that determined fruit quality in this region. Insect and Diseae research: (1) The brown citrus aphid has not been detected in this region. (2) Tristeza virus is present in this region. (3) Improved methods of controlling leaf-footed plant bug and citrus thrips ahve been developed. (4) methods of resolving salt problems in Louisiana satsuma groves have been developed
Impacts
Our global objective has been to aid development of the satsuma mandarin industry in this region. The research we have conducted has stimulated strong interest for farmers to plant more trees.
Publications
- Ebel, R.C., B. Campbell, M.L. Nesbitt, W.A. Dozier, J. Lindsey and B.S. Wilkins. 2005. A mathematical model that determines freeze risk of Satsuma mandarins grown on the northern coast of the Gulf of Mexico. J. Amer. Soc. Hort. Sci., in press.
- Valverde, R., A. Landry, P. Lotrakul, M. Nesbitt, W. Dozier, and R. Ebel. 2004. Identification of Citrus tristeza virus strains in Louisiana and Alabama. Acta Hort. 657:567-571.
- Ebel, R.C., W.A. Dozier, B. Hockema, F.M. Woods, R. Thomas, B.S. Wilkins, M. Nesbitt, and R. McDaniel. 2004. Fruit quality of Satsuma mandarin grown on the northern coast of the Gulf of Mexico. HortScience, 39:979-982.
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Progress 01/01/03 to 12/31/03
Outputs
Mitigate impact of freezes: (1) We have continued our study of the freezing behavior of Satsuma mandarins. This research has led to a publication in HortScience (2) We are in the process of preparing a manuscript for publication that compares critical temperatures that would cause injury to actual minimum temperatures for the last 50 years at two locations in this region. The model adjusts based on the level of acclimation, which is mainly a function of air temperature. Marketing (1) We have evaluated fruit quality to determine the optimum harvest date and have a publication in press in HortScience (2) We have also evaluated fruit quality among several commercial groves with trees grown under highly contrasting management systems to determine differences in maturation and quality. Insect and Disease research (LSU) (1) The brown citrus aphid has not been detected in this region (2) Tristeza virus is present in the region, but less in Satsuma mandarin than other citrus,
especially lemons (3) Improved methods of controlling leaf-footed plant bug and citrus thrips have been developed. (4) methods of resolving salt problems in Louisiana Satsuma groves has continued.
Impacts
Our global objective has been to aid development of the satsuma mandarin industry in this region. The research we have conducted has stimulated strong interest for farmers to plant more trees.
Publications
- Monte L. Nesbitt, Bob Ebel, Bill Dozier, and Byron Wallace. 2003. Cold hardiness of Owari Satsumas on different rootstocks. Alabama Agricultural Experiment Station, Fruit and Vegetable Research Report Series no. 24:in press.
- R.C. Ebel, W.A. Dozier, B. Hockema, F.M. Woods, R. Thomas, B.S. Wilkins, M. Nesbitt, and R. McDaniel. 2004. Fruit quality of Satsuma mandarin grown on the northern coast of the Gulf of Mexico. HortScience, accepted and in press.
- Ebel, R.C., P.A. Carter, W.A. Dozier, D.A. Findley, M.L. Nesbitt, B.R. Hockema, and J.L. Sibley. 2004. Pattern and rate of Satsuma mandarin leaf damage to ice formation. Hortscience, accepted.
- Cankui Zhang, Ping Lang, Fenny Dane, Bob Ebel and Bill Dozier. 2003. Understanding the processes involved in the acclimation of Satsuma to freezing temperatures. Alabama Agricultural Experiment Station, Fruit and Vegetable Research Report Series no. 24:in press.
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Progress 01/01/02 to 12/31/02
Outputs
In the first phase of this project, we have achieved the following for 2002: Studies to mitigate freeze damage: 1. Determined the best methods for evaluating cold hardiness of field-grown satsuma mandarin trees. 2. DNA fingerprinted some satsuma mandarin selections and varieties. 3. Began to determine gene expression of Trifoliate orange as it changes in response to cold temperatures by using differential display. To date, we have determined 31 genes and their functions based on hits from databases. 4. Continued freeze protection study, but had no significant freezes. Studies to develop markets 1. Conducted consumer preference survey in 9 retail chain stores in Alabama and Georgia. Results have helped us determine factors we need to consider in expanding markets. 2. Continued preharvest fruit quality analysis. Best date for harvesting based on sugar to acid ratio is the second week of November
Impacts
It is our long term goal to help develop the satsuma mandarin industry by working with growers to produce a product that would meet the minimum requirements for retail chain stores, and to develop technologies that mitigate the impact of freeze damage.
Publications
- Monte L. Nesbitt, Robert C. Ebel, Douglas Findley, Bryan Wilkins, Floyd Woods, and David Himelrick. 2002. Assays to Assess Freeze Injury of Satsuma mandarin (Citrus unshiu). HortScience, 37:871-877.
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Progress 01/01/01 to 12/31/01
Outputs
A method of predicting the temperatures that would cause damage has been developed and is accurate to within 0.5 C. Satsuma selections are being evaluated for cold hardiness and fruit quality in Louisiana and a planting will be established in Alabama spring 2002. Microsprinkler irrigation is being evaluated in Alabama and Louisiana, but there were no differeces among treatments due to few damaging freezes in the 2001/2002 winter. Salt tolerant rootstocks are being evaluated in Louisiana. Technology is being developed to control the leaf-footed bug and citrus thrips. A survey of orchards in Louisiana did not reveal the presence of the brown citrus aphid. Scientists at Auburn University have helped organize an advisory group of growers from Alabama and Mississippi. This group has begun to develop standards for harvest, grading, packaging and labeling in order to develop markets outside of the growing region. Fruit quality was assessed among groves and within the tree to
determine variation. Cultural management had a large affect on fruit quality, but variation within the tree was small.
Impacts
It is our goal to help expand the satsuma mandarin industry along the gulf coast of the U.S. by helping develop markets outside the growing region and to develop technologies to reduce impact of the major limitations in sustainability of the industry including freeze, salt, insect and disease stress.
Publications
- Monte L. Nesbitt, Robert C. Ebel, Douglas Findley, Bryan Wilkins, Floyd Woods, and David Himelrick. 2002. Assays to Assess Freeze Injury of Satsuma mandarin (Citrus unshiu). HortScience, in press.
- Monte L. Nesbitt, Robert C. Ebel, N.R. McDaniel, W.A. Dozier and D.G. Himelrick. 2000. Performance of Satsuma mandarin protected from freezing temperatures by microsprinkler irrigation. HortScience, 35(5):856-859.
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