Source: UNIV OF HAWAII submitted to NRP
REALLOCATING PLANTATION IRRIGATION SYSTEMS FOR HAWAII'S DIVERSIFIED AGRICULTURE
Sponsoring Institution
National Institute of Food and Agriculture
Project Status
COMPLETE
Funding Source
Reporting Frequency
Annual
Accession No.
0187731
Grant No.
(N/A)
Cumulative Award Amt.
(N/A)
Proposal No.
(N/A)
Multistate No.
(N/A)
Project Start Date
Jan 1, 2001
Project End Date
Sep 30, 2004
Grant Year
(N/A)
Program Code
[(N/A)]- (N/A)
Recipient Organization
UNIV OF HAWAII
3190 MAILE WAY
HONOLULU,HI 96822
Performing Department
NATURAL RESOURCES & ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT
Non Technical Summary
The decline in Hawaii's sugar cropping presents an opportunity for diversified agriculture to utilize plantation irrigation systems. The project will investigate the transformation of plantation irrigation systems into multi-crop and -user schemes and test possible policy reforms for water allocation and system cost recovery.
Animal Health Component
100%
Research Effort Categories
Basic
(N/A)
Applied
100%
Developmental
(N/A)
Classification

Knowledge Area (KA)Subject of Investigation (SOI)Field of Science (FOS)Percent
61060503010100%
Knowledge Area
610 - Domestic Policy Analysis;

Subject Of Investigation
6050 - Communities, areas, and regions;

Field Of Science
3010 - Economics;
Goals / Objectives
(1) Develop a computerized mathematical model of a former plantation irrigation system and water allocation for diversified uses, calibrated for the Waiahole Ditch system on Oahu. (2) Simulate the computerized model to determine the impacts of alternative water allocation rules and irrigation system cost recovery options at the Waiahole Ditch system. (3) Adapt the irrigation model and simulation design to investigate relevant alternative(s) for other Hawaii plantation irrigation system(s).
Project Methods
(1) A nonlinear optimization model of irrigation water allocation will be specified to include the following subcomponents: objective function to maximize the net benefits from irrigation; system water supply, delivery and deep percolation; agricultural cropping, water use and yield; farm product markets and prices; nonagricultural water demand and use with alternative water sources; irrigation system costs and water pricing; water rights and allocation. Model calibration data will be collected on: diversified agriculture production costs and returns, crop water uses and yield responses, local and export markets; Waiahole Ditch water supply, irrigable lands, system costs, alternative water supply; nonagricultural water demand in cental Oahu. Empirical values of model parameters will be estimated through a variety of statistical and synthetic techniques. The empirical model will be computerized using the General Algebraic Mathemetical System software. Initial model simulations of current conditions will be compared to the field situation, with recalibration where large divergences are detected. (2) The simulation component will have an experimental design for alternative water allocation rules (e.g., current water permits, increase in sectoral water allocations, intra- and inter-sectoral water markets) and cost recovery options for different shares of system capital, operation and maintenance costs. Calibration simulations will test model sensitivity such that the final design incorporates significant interactions. Simulation output will include: crop irrigated area, production, value added, water use and value; irrigation system costs and revenues; nonagricultural ditch water use and irrigated area. (3) Depending on the specific additional system(s) to be studied, the Waiahole model specification may be extended to accommodate multiple ditch water sources and/or the spatial distribution of water among subsystems. Collection of site-related data on ditch water supply, operational parameters, costs, alternative water sources and potential nonagricultural demand will be necessary. Additional data and revised parameters for the water balance and crop response functions may be needed where growing conditions differ significanctly from the Waiahole case. The diversified agriculture portion of the model can be easily modified for different cropping alternatives, farm types, yields, product prices and other market conditions. The simulation design will also be adapted for physical, economic and/or policy alternatives relevant to the selected system(s).

Progress 01/01/01 to 09/30/04

Outputs
A computer optimization model of irrigation system operations was simulated for Central Oahu conditions under different environmental, economic and policy scenarios. Results showed the largest impacts from varying water availability and crop market demands. The model was relatively insensitive to different water allocation schemes including ditch water use by non-agricultural (landscaping) irrigators.

Impacts
Consultations were held with staff from Hawaii Commission on Water Resources Management and state Dept. of Agriculture to specify studies needed for a state agricultural water plan. A first study was contracted to private consultants to conduct a partial inventory and assessment of existing irrigation systems. Testimony was submitted to the state legislature on appropriations to rehabilitate former plantation systems. A seminar on 'Modeling Water Use for Hawaii's Diversified Agriculture' was presented (5/15/04) for the Water Resources Research Center. A project to develop 20-year projections for state agricultural water plan was negotiated with the Hawaii Commission on Water Resource Management and state Dept. of Agriculture.

Publications

  • M. Potapohn et al. 2005. Simulating economic impacts of water reallocation in the Waiahole irrigation system. Paper presented by J. Moncur at 2005 American Water Resources Assoc. summer specialty conference on Institutions for Sustainable Watershed Management: Reconciling Physical and Management Ecology in the Asia-Pacific, Honolulu, HI, June 27-29.


Progress 10/01/02 to 09/30/03

Outputs
A computer optimization program was developed to simulate irrigation system operations. The model was calibrated for Central Oahu conditions. Initial simulations were conducted for varying environmental and economic conditions, and alternative water policies. Model is now being validated, with some reprogramming to better replicate field conditions.

Impacts
Consultations were held with staff from Hawaii Commission on Water Resources Management and state Dept. of Agriculture to specify studies needed for a state agricultural water plan. A first study was contracted to private consultants to conduct a partial inventory and assessment of existing irrigation systems. Testimony was submitted to the state legislature on appropriations to rehabilitate former plantation systems.

Publications

  • No publications reported this period


Progress 10/01/01 to 09/30/02

Outputs
A mathematical model of seasonal water allocation was specified for a prototype irrigation system. Calibration information was collected for the Waiahole Ditch system. Parameters were estimated for the following model relationships: effects of water input on plant evapotranspiration and yield for 10 horticultural crops; standardized cost of production budgets, product demand and supply from competing producers for 12 crops; irrigation system water supply, water losses and operational costs; water supply and costs from alternative water sources.

Impacts
The U.S. Congress and Hawaii Legislature each appropriated $300,000 to develop a state agricultural water plan; the scope of work will include an inventory of former plantation irrigation systems. In 2002, the Legislature also appropriated nearly $14 million for the rehabilitation and improvement of such systems.

Publications

  • No publications reported this period