Source: MISSISSIPPI STATE UNIV submitted to
EVALUATION OF NEW CULTIVARS AND CULTURAL PRACTICES FOR SELECTED FIELD VEGETABLE CROPS AND GREENHOUSE VEGETABLES
Sponsoring Institution
National Institute of Food and Agriculture
Project Status
COMPLETE
Funding Source
HATCH
Reporting Frequency
Annual
Accession No.
0187349
Grant No.
(N/A)
Cumulative Award Amt.
(N/A)
Proposal No.
(N/A)
Multistate No.
(N/A)
Project Start Date
Oct 1, 2000
Project End Date
Sep 30, 2006
Grant Year
(N/A)
Program Code
[(N/A)]- (N/A)
Project Director
Snyder, R. G.
Recipient Organization
MISSISSIPPI STATE UNIV
(N/A)
MISSISSIPPI STATE,MS 39762
Performing Department
TRUCK CROPS BRANCH EXPERIMENT STATION
Non Technical Summary
Few crops require the labor intensity in production, harvesting, and marketing found in vegetable crops. Commercial growers of both field and greenhouse vegetables need assistance to increase yield, reduce costs, and thereby improve profitability. The major needs of Mississippi growers have been identified during the Central Mississippi Research & Extension Center Advisory Group meetings. This project will address some of these needs with the purpose of improving the selling price / production cost ratio of the commercial vegetable industry.
Animal Health Component
100%
Research Effort Categories
Basic
(N/A)
Applied
100%
Developmental
(N/A)
Classification

Knowledge Area (KA)Subject of Investigation (SOI)Field of Science (FOS)Percent
20514991060100%
Knowledge Area
205 - Plant Management Systems;

Subject Of Investigation
1499 - Vegetables, general/other;

Field Of Science
1060 - Biology (whole systems);
Goals / Objectives
1. To evaluate new cultivars and advanced breeding lines of slicing cucumbers, muskmelons, bell peppers, sweet corn, snap beans, watermelons, pickling cucumbers, broccoli, cauliflower, cabbage, squash, turnip, and mustard. 2. To grow observational trials of a wide diversity of vegetable species in both spring and fall to determine potential of these crops and to establish a data base of cultural and performance information. 3. To develop new or improved cultural practices and pest control programs for vegetable crops that result in better produce quality, production, and handling efficiencies, and greater economic returns. 4. Evaluate varieties, media, and cultural techniques for greenhouse tomato production to determine which are the most appropriate for greenhouse vegetables for the climate in Mississippi.
Project Methods
Recommended cultural practices will be followed in all tests except where the recommended practice is one of the treatments being studied. All studies, unless otherwise specified, will be conducted in randomized complete block designs using a minimum of three replications and single row plots. Observational plantings of vegetable species not listed above will be grown, primarily in the fall, in 1 row plots with appropriate row width and within row spacings at the Truck Crops Branch in Crystal Springs. Cultivar trials, cultural practices, and pest control studies will be conducted at both the Truck Crops Branch and the Beaumont Unit in Perry County, MS. For the greenhouse vegetable research, various cultural techniques and variety trials will be evaluated in a range of six 24 X 96 ft. air-inflated double plastic covered greenhouses at the Truck Crops Branch Experiment Station in Crystal Springs. Spring and fall crops of tomatoes, peppers, cucumbers, and perhaps other vegetables may be grown. Growing media, variety selections, and cultural techniques evaluated for greenhouse crops will be selected which are appropriate for small growers in Mississippi. These are most likely to be economically feasible for Mississippi growers to use due to their lower cost. Four 2-cubic foot bags in a row half way across the width of a greenhouse, each bag containing four plants (16 plants per plot), will serve as a plot for all treatments. Plots will be arranged in a randomized complete block design, with a unique randomization in each greenhouse. The great majority of accepted commercial varieties of greenhouse tomatoes are supplied from Dutch and Israeli seed companies. The varieties to be used in this study will be selected from among the most promising.

Progress 10/01/00 to 09/30/06

Outputs
Eight varieties of melons from Uzbekistan were evaluated to determine growth and yield in Mississippi, as well as market potential. The melon varieties from Uzbekistan exhibited a broad degree of variability, both among and within varieties. There were no differences in yield (weight) per acre. While yield was good, quality was generally low. Sugars were poor to mediocre in all varieties except Kukcha and Berddor which averaged a Brix of 11. However, due to variability, this high sugar level was not significantly different from half the remaining varieties. These varieties do not appear to be well suited to the climate of Mississippi when grown like cantaloupe. Fall Flower & Garden Fest and Kids' Week at the Truck Crops Branch attracted about 6,000 adults and 1,500 school children, respectively. The second year of a liming materials comparison study was conducted. Cultivar trials included seedless watermelons, Uzbek melons, southernpeas, collards, and a three hundred-entry home garden vegetable cultivar demonstration trial. Additionally, herbs, international vegetables, collard and spinach breeding lines, and the influence of seed spacing on southernpea growth were demonstrated in the small farmer/home garden demonstration. This was also the third year of an organic farming economics study looking at yield, costs, and returns from organic vegetable crop in Mississippi. Greenhouse research on vegetable included several media component tests comparing rates of composted broiler litter or pasteurized litter. A replicated medicinal herb trial was conducted to evaluate yield and volatile oil production. In addition, some additional data was developed in 2006 from a 2005 study on arsenic concentration of produce raised with poultry litter amendments. Important findings include: early data showing significant differences in the efficacy of locally available liming materials under our field conditions; good yield and quality from several seedless watermelons; yield of southernpeas being highest among several existing cultivars and new lines from the University of Arkansas; continued good yield data from seedless watermelons, a growing crop in Mississippi, the relatively poor field performance of the Uzbek melons tested; and strong performance from several hybrid and modern open pollinated collard cultivars such as Flash. The fall demonstration vegetable plots are being used to teach growers and homeowners the potential for fall cropping in Mississippi. In part, the organic research results are responsible for growth of the Mississippi Certified organic farms growth from zero to about a dozen today. After only one year, the herb research has shown that several crops can be grown for essential oil production in Mississippi and that oil concentration, content and quality are as good or better than those published for other regions. Experiments were conducted on bacterial canker of greenhouse tomato. Both foliar and drench control products were evaluated.

Impacts
Impacts from 2006 work include: The organic research continues to support growth in the Mississippi organic production industry. More than seventy people attended an all-day organic production session at the Deep South Fruit and Vegetable Growers Conference, which itself has double in size in five years. Another sixty attended a seed saving workshop, sponsored by the Organic Seed Partnership at Cornell University. The station continues to seek grant dollars and is partnering wtih several organic input producers to study utilization of Mississippi organic wastes in horticulture. Southernpea farmers and seed marketers again report strong response to and interest in the high-set peas being trialed at Truck Crops. In general, the vegetable industry in the state is growing and the number of direct market growers is increasing. Fall Flower & Garden Fest and Kids Week at the Truck Crops Branch attract about 6,000 adults and 1,500 school children, respectively. Production of seedless watermelons continues to increase. Cooperative work with Louisiana State University, Auburn, Alcorn, Southern, and USDA is being fostered. In the five years of the project, significant impacts have included: grower adoption of tomato cultivars resistant to spotted wilt virus, increases in organic vegetable acreage, documentation of the safety and efficacy of broiler litter as a horticultural fertilizer, improved greenhouse tomato disease management, adoption of high-set southernpeas and seedless watermelons by local growers, and initiation of the Missisippi Medallion Vegetable Awards.

Publications

  • Ingram, D. M. 2006. Evaluation of bio-fungicides for the control of gray mold in greenhouse tomatoes, 2005. Fungicide and Nematicide Tests (online) Report 61: V159. doi:10.1094/FN61.
  • Ingram, D. M. 2006. Evaluation of fungicides for the control of stripe rust of wheat in Mississippi, 2005. Fungicide and Nematicide Tests (online) Report 61: CF025. doi:10.1094/FN61.
  • Ingram, D. M. and C.W. Meister. 2006. Managing Botrytis gray mold in greenhouse tomatoes using traditional and bio-fungicides. Online. Plant Health Progress. Doi:10.1094/PHP-2006-0718-01-RS.
  • Paridon, K.L., N. Winter, W.B. Evans, and G.H. Bi. 2006. 2005 herbaceous ornamental trials in central Mississippi. HortSci. 41(3): 509. (Abstr.)
  • Snyder, Richard G. 2006. A Day In The Life... Mississippi Gardener Magazine. November/December 2006 issue. 6(9):54.
  • Snyder, Richard G. 2006. A Force In The Marketplace. American Vegetable Grower Magazine. 54(1), P. 42. GHI. January 2006.
  • Snyder, Richard G. 2006. Asparagus - First Vegetable Of The Season. Mississippi Gardener Magazine. April 2006 issue. 6(3):44-45.
  • Snyder, Richard G. 2006. Expand Your Vegetable Horizons. Mississippi Gardener Magazine. April 2006 issue. 6(3):54.
  • Horgan, T., R. Snyder, P. Hudson, E. Vinson, and J. 2006. 2005 Personal Size Mini Triploid Watermelon Variety Trial. HortScience 41(3):510. (Abstr.)
  • Ingram, D. M. 2006. Bio-fungicides for the control of Pythium root rot in greenhouse tomatoes, 2005. Fungicide and Nematicide Tests (online) Report 61: V160. doi:10.1094/FN61.
  • Snyder, Richard G., 2006. Guia del Cultivo del Tomate en Invernaderos (Spanish version of Greenhouse Tomato Handbook). Mississippi State University Extension Service. Publication No. 2419. 24 pages.
  • Snyder, Richard G. 2006. Gardening Royalty. Mississippi Gardener Magazine. May 2006 issue. 6(4):54.
  • Snyder, Richard G. 2006. Good For Fall, and That's Not All. Growing Fall Vegetables In The Mississippi Climate. Mississippi Gardener Magazine. October 2006 issue. 6(8):48-49.
  • Snyder, Richard G. 2006. greenhouse-tomatoes: A New E-List for Commercial Growers. American Society for Horticultural Science, Southern Region, 66th Ann. Mtg., Orlando, FL, 2-4 Feb. 2006. HortScience 41(3):513. (Abstract of poster presentation).
  • Snyder, Richard G. 2006. Katrina's Impact on Mississippi Soil. Mississippi Gardener Magazine. February 2006 issue. 6(1):54.
  • Snyder, Richard G. 2006. Seed Starting Basics - Growing Your Own Vegetable Transplants. Mississippi Gardener Magazine. February 2006 issue. 6(1):44-45.
  • Snyder, Richard G. 2006. State Coordinator for Mississippi of Vegetable Crop Handbook For The Southeastern U.S.; with North Carolina State University, Auburn University, University of Georgia, Clemson University, and Louisiana State University; 2006. Mississippi State University Extension Service, 239 Pp.
  • Snyder, Richard G. 2006. Survey Pegs Your Habits ... Gardening, That Is. Mississippi Gardener Magazine. October 2006 issue. 6(8):54.
  • Snyder, Richard G. 2006. The Importance of pH in H2O. Mississippi Gardener Magazine. September 2006 issue. 6(7):54.
  • Snyder, Richard G. 2006. Watermelon - Mississippi's Favorite Crop Goes Seedless. Mississippi Gardener Magazine. May 2006 issue. 6(4):44-45.
  • Snyder, Richard G. 2006. Your Extra Vegetables Can Help Eradicate Hunger. Mississippi Gardener Magazine. June 2006 issue. 6(5):54.
  • Evans, W. and J. Larry Oldham. Efficacy of liming materials in the context of new lime regulations. 2006 Soil Sci. Soc. Amer. Annual Meeting. Indianapolis, IN Nov. 11, 2006. http://crops.confex.com/crops/2006am/techprogram/P23339.HTM (Abstr.)
  • Evans, W.B., C.E. Coker, K.E. Cushman, T.E. Horgan, and K.L. Paridon. 2006. Selecting highly colored bell peppers for fresh-market specialty growers. HortSci. 41(4): 1075. (Abstr.)
  • Evans, W.B., K.W. Hood, P.M. Hudson, and K.L. Paridon. 2006. Organic vegetable culture in Mississippi: Growing and profitable. HortSci. 41(3): 509. (Abstr.)
  • Evans, W.B., P. Hudson, and K.L. Paridon. 2006. Mississippi hand-harvest, fresh market southernpea trial, A three year review. HortSci. 41(3):517.
  • Evans, W.B., Y. Vizzier-Thaxton, P. Hudson, and K. Paridon. 2006. Addressing safety and efficacy of composted broiler litter for vegetable production. US Poultry and Egg Scientific Forum. Abstract: http://www.poultryegg.org/resproj/PROJ_602.HTM


Progress 01/01/05 to 12/31/05

Outputs
Ten varieties of miniature triploid (seedless) watermelon (Citrullus lanatus L.) were included in a variety trial at the Truck Crops Branch Station in Crystal Springs in the summer of 2005. This is a new class of watermelon, referred to as personal melons, mini melons, etc. Although there were no significant differences, Petite Treat and Bobbie tended to have the highest yield by number of melons, while Petite Treat tended have highest yield by marketable weight, followed by Mini Yellow and Bobbie. There were significant differences in size, with Betsy and Bobbi smaller than the other varieties. All varieties were considered sweet, ranging from 10.7 to 11.5% brix, with no significant differences. Though there were no significant differences in hollowheart, it ranged from 25% of cut samples in Demi Sweet and Solitaire, to none in Wonder and Extazy. There was no rind necrosis. Addtional field studies conducted in 2005 included: organic vegetable production and economics, response of sweet corn to chicken litter- based fertilizer, safety and efficacy of broiler litter compost for vegetable crop production, southernpeas cultivar evaluation, home garden vegetable observations, Echinacea pallida spacing and mulch trial, evaluating processing tomatoes for commercial production potential, greens nitrogen rate demonstration, demonstrating mulch types in summer squash. The broiler litter work has shown linear and curvilinear yield responses in collard and tomato, without detectable changes in levels of two pathogenic bacterial species on fruit and leaves. Some residual nitrogen has been seen in soil core samples but not at the final core depth of 0.5 m. Preliminary data has been collected on copper and arsenic levels in soil, leaf and fruit tissues. Pink-eye southernpea cultivars with top set plant habit are showing promise in our trials. Data from the organic economics study has shown several crops are potentially profitable in Mississippi and that yields are at or very near those grown with non-organic methods. Crop selection and timing is critical to success and differences among cultivars have been large. Good returns are being seen in Irish potato, lettuce, squash, eggplant, bell peppers, summer squash, and cucumbers. Over 300 vegetable entries were evaluated in observational plots in Fall 2005. Tomato performance was sub-par due to yellow leaf curl virus. Brassicas performed well for the most part. Cucumbers and summer squash also fared well. E. pallida production was quite variable but showed some promise as a potential crop. A liming materials comparison study was initiated in April 2005. Greenhouse tomato pathology work also continues at the Truck Crops Branch. Adults toured the 3 acres of gardens, and participated in garden seminars, demonstrations, tours, etc., while children took part in hay bale classes, garden tours, wagon ride tours, and the corn maze in October. Attendance was down about 33% from previous years due to Hurricane Katrina and its after effects.

Impacts
The organic research has helped spur growth in the Misissippi organic production industry and resulted in certification of the our only organic research plots to date. Nearly 50 people, producers and extension, attended two workshops held on organic production in Mississippi; workshops not possible without the CRIS supported work at Truck Crops. Grower networking was increased. The station is now competing for additional grant money in the areas of organics, amendment research, and sustainable agriculture. Southernpea farmers and seed marketers report strong response to and interest in the high-set peas being trialed at Truck Crops. Poultry farmers and the national poultry industry have new data supporting the safety of judicious use of broiler litter compost in vegetable crops. Fall Flower & Garden Fest and Kids Week at the Truck Crops Branch attracted about 4,000 adults and 1,500 school children, respectively. Non-CRIS funding leveraged for this project from private and public sources exceeded $150,000 for the second year in a row. Production of seedless watermelons increased. Cooperative work with Louisiana State University, Auburn, Alcorn, Southern, and USDA is being fostered.

Publications

  • Evans, W.B., K. Hood, K. Paridon, and P. Hudson. 2005. Early results of central Mississippi organic vegetable economics studies promising. In: Central Mississippi Research and Extension Center 2004 Annual Report Summary. Information Bulletin 420. p. 69-70. (Abstr.)
  • Evans, W.B., K. Paridon, and P. Hudson. 2005. Greens cultivars perform similarly in fall 2004. In: Central Mississippi Research and Extension Center 2004 Annual Report Summary. Information Bulletin 420. p. 69. (Abstr.)
  • Evans, W.B., K.L. Paridon, and P. Hudson. 2005. Significant differences seen in southernpea yields. In: Central Mississippi Research and Extension Center 2004 Annual Report Summary. Information Bulletin 420. p. 69. (Abstr.)
  • Evans, W.B., J. Silva, W. Holms, and R. Ingram. 2005.Tomato fruit quality studies. In: Central Mississippi Research and Extension Center 2004 Annual Report Summary. Information Bulletin 420. p. 68. (Abstr.)
  • Evans, W.B., R.G. Snyder, K. Paridon, P. Hudson, and D. Williams. 2005. 2004 Vegetable and herb garden observations. In: Central Mississippi Research and Extension Center 2004 Annual Report Summary. Information Bulletin 420. p. 70. (Abstr.)
  • Evans, W.B., N. Winter, C. Coker, K. Paridon, and P. Hudson. 2005. Medallion Vegetable project tests peppers and dill. In: Central Mississippi Research and Extension Center 2004 Annual Report Summary. Information Bulletin 420. p. 68. (Abstr.)
  • Horgan, T.E., W.B. Evans, P.M. Hudson, K.L. Paridon, C.E. Coker, R.M. Ely. 2005. Evaluation of Colored Pepper Cultivars for the Mississippi Medallion Program: Second Year Results. MAFES Information Bulletin. 419. 227 232.
  • Horgan, T.E., W.B. Evans, P.M. Hudson, K.L. Paridon, C.E. Coker, R.M. Ely. 2005. Evaluation of Colored Pepper Cultivars for the Mississippi Medallion Program: Second Year Results. MAFES Information Bulletin. 419: 227 232.
  • Ingram, D. M.. 2005. Bio-Fungicides for the Control of Pythium Root Rot in Greenhouse Tomatoes. MAFES Information Bulletin 420:65.
  • Ingram, D. M. 2005. Evaluation of Fungicides for Control of Gray Mold in Greenhouse Tomatoes. MAFES Information Bulletin 420:64.
  • Ingram, D., B. Evans, B. Layton, A. Milling, C. Waldrup, T. Bishop, and V. Lee. 2005. Kicking tomato production up a notch in Mississippi: A team approach with growers, researchers, and extension agents. In: Central Mississippi Research and Extension Center 2004 Annual Report Summary. Information Bulletin 420 p. 67. (Abstr.)
  • Ingram, D. M. and A. Henn. 2005. Asian soybean rust on leguminous vegetables: a homeowners guide to management. Extension Publication 2393.
  • Ingram, D.M. and R. G. Snyder. 2005. A Survey of Pythium Species On Greenhouse Tomatoes In Mississippi. 2004 Annual Report Summary, Central Mississippi Research & Extension Center. Information Bulletin 420. June 2005. P. 66.
  • Layton, M.B. and Ingram, D.M. 2005. Greenhouse tomato pest management in Mississippi. MSU-ES Publication 1861. Revised April 2005.
  • Snyder, R. G. 2005. Bring On Your Questions. American Vegetable Grower Magazine. 53(4), P. 34. GHI. April 2005.
  • Snyder, R. G. 2005. Cross Pollination - Squash, Gourds, and Other Really Friendly Cucurbitaceae. Mississippi Gardener Magazine. July/August 2005 issue. 5(6):44.
  • Snyder, R. G. 2005. Fall Flower & Garden Fest - The Best Garden Show This Side of Anywhere. Mississippi Gardener Magazine. October 2005 issue. 5(8):54.
  • Snyder, R. G. 2005. Gardening in the South Pass the Maters. Mississippi Gardener Magazine. July August 2005. 5(6):54.
  • Snyder, R. G. 2005. Get Ready for Spring Your Spring Vegetable Gardening Guide. Mississippi Gardener Magazine. February 2005 issue. 5(1):44-47.
  • Snyder, R. G. 2005. Get Ready for Fall Your Vegetable Gardening Guide. Mississippi Gardener Magazine. September 2005 issue. 5(7):48-50.
  • Snyder, R. G. 2005. Getting Rich Quick. American Vegetable Grower Magazine. 53(8), Pp. 40-41. GHI. August 2005.
  • Snyder, R. G. 2005. Greenhouse Tomato Short Course - Expanding To Help You. American Vegetable Grower Magazine. 53(1), Pp. 35-36. GHI. January 2005.
  • Snyder, R. G. 2005. Grow Big Tomatoes, Earn Big Money. Mississippi Gardener Magazine. April 2005 issue. 5(3):44-45.
  • Snyder, R. G. 2005. Hurricane Katrina: The One To Remember. American Vegetable Grower Magazine. 53(11), P. 25. GHI. November 2005.
  • Snyder, R. G. 2005. Indigenous Vegetables - An American Dream. Mississippi Gardener Magazine. November/December 2005 issue. 5(9):50.
  • Snyder, R. G. 2005. Oh, The Heat! Mississippi Gardener Magazine. September 2005 issue. 5(7):54.
  • Snyder, R. G. 2005. The 2004 Greenhouse Tomato Short Course. 2004 Annual Report Summary, Central Mississippi Research & Extension Center. Information Bulletin 420. June 2005. P. 72.
  • Snyder, R. G. 2005. The All-America Selections Program. Mississippi Gardener Magazine. November/December 2005 issue. 5(9):54.
  • Snyder, R. G. and P. Hudson. 2005. All-America Selections Trials, 2004. 2004 Annual Report Summary, Central Mississippi Research & Extension Center. Information Bulletin 420. June 2005. Pp. 70-71.
  • Snyder, R. G. and P. Hudson. 2005. Mini-Triploid Watermelon Cultivar Evaluation, Summer 2004. 2004 Annual Report Summary, Central Mississippi Research & Extension Center. Information Bulletin 420. June 2005. P. 71.
  • Snyder, R. G., N. Haynes, P. Morgan, D. Bates, M. Davis, D. Knight, B. Evans, P. Hudson, and K. Paridon. 2005. Kids Week, 2004. 2004 Annual Report Summary, Central Mississippi Research & Extension Center. Information Bulletin 420. June 2005. P. 73.
  • Snyder, R. G., D. M. Ingram, and B. Layton. 2005. Greenhouse Tomato Growers' Glossary. Mississippi State University Extension Service. February 2005. Publication No. 2364.
  • Snyder, R.G., Ingram, D. M. and M.B. Layton. 2005. Greenhouse Tomato Growers' Glossary. MSU-ES Publication 2364, February 2005.
  • Snyder, R.G., B. Evans, P. Hudson, and K. Paridon. 2005. The 2004 Fall Flower & Garden Fest. In: Central Mississippi Research and Extension Center 2004 Annual Report Summary. Information Bulletin 420. p. 71. (Abstr.)
  • Snyder, R.G., N. Haynes, P. Morgan, D. Bates, M. Davis, D. Knight, B. Evans, P. Hudson, and K. Peridon. 2005. Kids Week, 2004. In: Central Mississippi Research and Extension Center 2004 Annual Report Summary. Information Bulletin 420. p. 73. (Abstr.)
  • Snyder, R. G. 2005. The Gardener - A Psychological Profile. Mississippi Gardener Magazine. October 2005 issue. 5(8):44-45.
  • Snyder, R. G. 2005. The Vegetable Press Newsletter, 2004. 2004 Annual Report Summary, Central Mississippi Research & Extension Center. Information Bulletin 420. June 2005. Pp. 73-74.
  • Snyder, R. G. 2005. Tomato Festival Time! Mississippi Gardener Magazine. June 2005 issue. 5(5):54.
  • Snyder, R. G. 2005. Vegetable Related Web Pages, 2004. 2004 Annual Report Summary, Central Mississippi Research & Extension Center. Information Bulletin 420. June 2005. P. 74.
  • Snyder, R. G. 2005. Whats The Matter With My Tomatoes? Mississippi Gardener Magazine. June 2005 issue. 5(5):44-45.
  • Snyder, R. G., B. Evans, P. Hudson, and K. Paridon. 2005. The 2004 Fall Flower & Garden Fest. 2004 Annual Report Summary, Central Mississippi Research & Extension Center. Information Bulletin 420. June 2005. Pp. 71-72.


Progress 01/01/04 to 12/30/04

Outputs
The first full season of organic vegetable research was completed. The one-half acre site, supported by CRIS and other funds,is being managed with the main objective of determining the economics of organic vegetagble production in Mississippi. The plots are the only organic vegetable research site in the state as of now. Best performing orgnaic crops to date include southernpeas, eggplant, lettuce, mustard, turnip, collards, and one Irish potato cultivar. Variety trials conducted and reported from 2004 include tests on bell peppers, dill, large-fruited tomatoes, grape tomatoes, mustard, turnip, collard, southern pea, and seedless watermelons. Cultivars attracting grower attention included Amelia tomato, Easy Pick nad Quick Pick pinkeye southernpea, and many of the seedless melons. Six varieties of mini triploid (seedless) watermelon were included in a replicated variety trial at the Truck Crops Experiment Station in Crystal Springs in the summer of 2004. There were no significant differences in marketable yield, either by weight or number, in sugar content (% brix), or seed count. Yields ranged from 5,600 to 7,200 melons per acre; 25,000 to 31,000 lb per acre. All varieties averaged 4.1 to 5.2 lbs in size. Petite Perfection and RWT 8149 were significantly larger than RWT 8155 and Precious Petite, with RWT 8162 and RWT 8154 intermediate in size. For fruit quality (colored seeds, rind necrosis), all were acceptable. It is notable, however, that the variety Precious Petite was the only one that had a tendency to produce hollowheart, in the range of 0.5 to 0.75 inches in diameter. There was no rind necrosis in any variety. Also, the number of colored seeds was very low, and not a problem in this trial. Any of the varieties tested would be considered of suitable yield and quality for mini triploid watermelons, however the hollowheart tendency of Precious Petite should be noted. Fall Flower & Garden Fest at the Truck Crops Branch attracted about 6,000 adults and 2,500 school children to outdoor classes, garden tours, demonstrations, and the corn maze in October. Yield responses to and bacterial changes from broiler litter compost and pellets are being evaluated. To date, no changes in human pathogen concentrations in soil or on plants and fruit has been shown. Yields of leaves and fruitw increase significantly with application. Response curves are being generated. Another set of experiments is characterizing chemical properties of fresh market tomatoes. Yield and grade out are being corrrelated with lycopene concentration, soluble solids (sugar), acidity, and color. Nearly 100 sampels were processed in 2004 for these parameters. Lycopene levels ranged from near 0 to over 30 Ug/g in fresh fruit. A repeat of the 2003 Sandea tomato trial has reaffirmed the product's efficacy in controlling nutsedge and its lack of phytotoxicity under Mississippi conditions.

Impacts
In 2004, actual and expected impacts of this project include: company support and issuance of a state label for Sandea herbicide on tomatoes, with likely increase in fruit yield and reduced hand weeding costs to growers; adoption of the tomato spotted wilt virus resistant Amelia tomato cultivar by many state growers, resulting fewer losses to tomato spotted wilt virus; education on the value of top-setting southern pea varieties for reducing harvest costs and increasing profits; and continued adoption of seedless watermelons, replacing seeded types and bringing a higher return to the grower. Other impacts for 2004 include: developing data on the economics and expected yields from organically-grown vegetables in Mississippi, showing the safety and efficacy of available broiler litter for vegetable crops, and developing a program in industrial/non-traditional uses for vegetable. Total non-CRIS funding for vegetable research and extension awarded to scientists on the project exceeded $150,000 in calendar 2004. Cooperative efforts continue and are evolving with scientists, extension, and producers/allied industry in eleven or more states. The project continues to benefit the growers attnding the Deep South Fruit and Vegetable Growers Conference. Other popular outlets for the information include stae and regional bulletings, newsletters, and field days.

Publications

  • Evans, W.B. J. Silva, W. Holmes, R. Ingram, P.NM. Hudson, and K.L. Paridon. 2004. Studies on lycopene levels in Mississippi tomatoes. In: Central Mississippi Reserach and Extension Center 2003 Annual Report Summary. Information Bulletin 406. p. 66.(Abstr.)
  • Evans, W.B., P.M. Hudson, and K.L. Paridon. 2004. Pasteurized broilder litter pellets for tomato production: 2003 results. HortSci. 36(3): 657. (Abstr.)
  • Evans, W.B., R.G. Snyder, K. Paridon, P. Hudson, and D. Williams. 2004. 2003 Vegetable and Herb Garden Observations. Annual Report Summary, Central Mississippi Research & Extension Center. Information Bulletin 406. March 2004. P. 65.
  • Ingram, D.M. 2004. A survey of Pythium species in greenhouse tomatoes in Mississippi, USA. Abstract, First International Symposium on Tomato Diseases, Orlando, Fl, June 24-27, 2004.
  • Paridon, K.L. and W.B. Evans. 2004. Preliminary Findings from Mississipp's organic vegetable plots. HortSci. 39(3): 656. (Abstr.)
  • Rankins, A., W.B. Evans, M.W. Shankle, and K.E. Cushman. 2004. Tolerance of selected tomato varieties to postemergence application of Sandea. In: Central Mississippi Reserach and Extension Center 2003 Annual Report Summary. Information Bulletin 406. p. 66. (Abstr.)
  • Snyder, R.G. 2004. Invisible Gasses That Haunt Your Greenhouse Crop. American Vegetable Grower Magazine. 52(12), P. 53. GHI. December 2004.
  • Snyder, R.G. 2004. It's Short Course Season. American Vegetable Grower Magazine. 52(3), P. 38. GHI. March 2004.
  • Snyder, R.G. 2004. State Coordinator for Mississippi of Vegetable Crop Guidelines For The Southeastern U.S.; with North Carolina State University, Auburn University, University of Georgia, and Clemson University; 2004-2005. Mississippi State University Extension Service, 215 Pp.
  • Snyder, R.G. 2004. The 2003 Greenhouse Tomato Short Course. Annual Report Summary, Central Mississippi Research & Extension Center. Information Bulletin 406. March 2004. Pp. 68-69.
  • Cushman, K., W. Evans, C. Coker, T. Horgan, P. Hudson, M. Ely. 2004. Mississippi Medallion program: Evaluation of selected colored sweet pepper varieties. HortSci. 39(3): 656. (Abstr.)
  • Cushman, K., R. Snyder, C. Coker, A. Walters, L. Jett, and C. Gunter. 2004. Triploid (Seedless) Watermelon Evaluations: Elongated Genotypes. American Society for Horticultural Science, Southern Region, 64th Ann. Mtg., Tulsa, Okla., 14-16 Feb. 2004. HortScience 39:656. (Abstract of poster presentation).
  • Evans, W.B. Evaluation of fresh market cowpea lines. 2004. HortSci. 39(3):648. (Abstr.)
  • Evans, W.B., K. Paridon, P. Hudson, M. Cannon, and M. Kenty. 2004. Response of sweetpotato to foliar nutrients. In: Central Mississippi Reserach and Extension Center 2003 Annual Report Summary. Information Bulletin 406. p. 65. (Abstr.)
  • Snyder, R.G. 2004. The Greenhouse Tomato Short Course - Intensive Training for Commercial Growers in Mississippi and Beyond. Poster presentation and published abstract in HortScience. Poster presented at Southern Region American Society for Horticultural Science Conference, Tulsa, OK, February 14-16, 2004. Abstract of poster presentation. HortScience, June 2004, 39(3):657.
  • Snyder, R.G. 2004. The Vegetable Press Newsletter. Annual Report Summary, Central Mississippi Research & Extension Center. Information Bulletin 406. March 2004. Pp. 67-68.
  • Snyder, R.G. 2004. Ugly Tomatoes and Other Pesky Problems. American Vegetable Grower Magazine. 52(6), P. 27. GHI. June 2004.
  • Snyder, R.G. 2004. Vegetable Related Web Pages. Annual Report Summary, Central Mississippi Research & Extension Center. Information Bulletin 406. March 2004. P. 68.
  • Snyder, R.G., D. Ingram, B. Layton, K. Hood, M. Peet, M. Donnell, G. Giacomelli, J. Kemble, P. Harris, and F. Killebrew. 2004. Targeted Horticultural Education With The Greenhouse Tomato Short Course. American Society for Horticultural Science, 101st Ann. Mtg., Austin, TX., 17-20 July, 2004. HortScience 39(4):843. (Abstract of oral presentation).
  • Snyder, R.G. and P. Hudson. 2004. All-America Selections Trials. Annual Report Summary, Central Mississippi Research & Extension Center. Information Bulletin 406. March 2004. Pp. 69-70.
  • Vizzier- Thaxton, Y., W. B.Evans, T. Arbrough, and L. Currie. 2004. The value and safety of composted broiler litter in vegetable crop production. 2004 International Poultry Scientific Forum Program. p. 23. (Abstr.)
  • Snyder, R.G., B. Evans, G. Fain, P. Hudson, K. Paridon. 2004. The 2003 Fall Flower & Garden Fest. Annual Report Summary, Central Mississippi Research & Extension Center. Information Bulletin 406. March 2004. Pp. 68-69.
  • Snyder, R.G, W. Evans, and P. Igbokwe. 2004. Bringing Ethnic Vegetables to Mississippi Gardeners. Poster presentation and published abstract in HortScience. Poster presented at Southern Region American Society for Horticultural Science Conference, Tulsa, OK, February 14-16, 2004. HortScience, June 2004, 39(3):656. (Abstract of poster presentation).
  • Snyder, R.G., P. Hudson, K. Cushman, T. Horgan. 2004. Triploid Watermelon Cultivar Evaluation, Summer 2003. Annual Report Summary, Central Mississippi Research & Extension Center. Information Bulletin 406. March 2004. P. 70.
  • Snyder, R.G., P. Hudson, K.E. Cushman, and T. Horgan. 2004. Triploid Watermelon Cultivar Evaluation, Summer 2003. Fall 2003 Commercial Vegetable Variety Trials. May 2004. Regional Bulletin 12. Auburn University. Pp. 25-27.


Progress 01/01/03 to 12/31/03

Outputs
Eleven varieties of triploid (seedless) watermelon (Citrullus lanatus) were included in a variety trial at the Truck Crops Branch Station in Crystal Springs in the summer of 2003. Seedless Sangria, Banner,Hazera 1042, Cooperstown, Triple Seven, SWX4016, and SR8026 had the highest marketable yield, by both weight and number. There were no significant differences in early yield, by weight or by number. WX28 had the largest fruit, both for early harvest and over the whole season. Vertigo, SR8026, Hazera 1042, and Freedom were the sweetest, ranging from 11.9 to 12.6% brix. For fruit quality (colored seeds, hollowheart, rind necrosis, undersized fruit) all were very acceptable. There was a very low incidence of hollowheart (well below 1% for all varieties) and no rind necrosis at the Crystal Springs location. Also, the number of colored seeds was very low, averaging about 1.3 per fruit. All varieties averaged 17 to 25 lbs in size, with fruit smaller than 10 lbs considered as cull. Any of the varieties tested would be considered of suitable yield and quality for triploid watermelons in this size class. More than thirty-five tomato varieties were evaluated in replicated and observational trials. Local grower favorites Merced, Florida 47 R, and Celbrity did well int he trail. Others suggested to grrowers based on project results include Equinox, Florida 91, and others. More than 300 vegetable varieties were evaluated across more than 30 species in observational trials. Sandea herbicide efficacy and phytotoxicity trial produced data supporting new MS label for product. Sweet potato nutirents were evaluated. Several studies with chicken broiler litter and compost documented efficacy and safety for vegetable production. Efforts in minor crops, herbs, medicinal crops, and nutriceuticals were supported in part by this project. Early results in these trials support a new herb industry in the state producing feverfew, echinacea, and lemon grass. A southern pea trial showed that newer top setting types such as Quick-Peck and Easy Pick (now Top Pick) yield as well or better than standard varieties growers are now using. Fall Flower & Garden Fest at the Truck Crops Branch attracted over 5,000 adults and 3,000 school children to lessons, garden tours, demonstrations, and a corn maze in October.

Impacts
Several new vegetable growers have begun operations in the last two years in central MS. Over 500 new acres of vegetables are in cultivation in the last two years across the state, with the average production value of each easily exceeding $1000.00 annually. That is over $500,000 annually, and does not include project impact on existing acreage. These projects improve grower decision making and bottom lines. Seedless watermelon acreage is increasing. Better pesticide management is occuring. Vegetable crop production is diversifying. Data from this project is being leveraged to garner signifcant (>$50,000 in 2003) private and public competitive grants and gifts, far exceeding the amounts awarded relative to this project in previous years. Cooperative efforts have developed with scientists, extension, and producers/allied industry in six states. Anticipating at least one new pesticide label specifically and directly from work on herbicides in tomatoes. Information taken to growers from this project has also significantly aided the growth of the Deep South Fruit and Vegetable Growers Conference in it's three-year growth from 200 to over 500 participants and 50 vendors in its trade show.

Publications

  • Snyder, R.G. 2003. Vegetable Crop Guidelines For The Southeastern U.S. Mississippi State University Extension Service, 205 Pp. (ed.)
  • Snyder, R.G., Evans, W.B., Fain, G., Hudson, P., Paridon, K.L. 2003. The 2002 Fall Flower & Garden Fest. 2002 Annual Report Summary, Central Mississippi Research & Extension Center. Information Bulletin 399. P. 36.
  • Evans, W.B. and Y. Vizzier-Thaxton. 2003. Safety and Efficacy of Composted Broiler Litter for Vegetable Production. In: Central Mississippi Research and Extension Center 2002 Annual Report. MAFES Information Bulletin 399. p. 170-173.
  • Evans, W.B., Paridon, K., Hudson, P., Cannon, M., and Kenty, M. 2003. Response of Sweetpotato to Foliar Nutrients. In: Central Mississippi Research and Extension Center 2002 Annual Report. MAFES Information Bulletin 399. pp. 166-169.
  • Evans, W.B., R. Snyder, Paridon, K.L., Beleich, D., Hudson, P., and Williams, D. 2003. 2002 Vegetable and Herb Observations. In. Central Mississippi Research and Extension Center 2002 Annual Progress Report. MAFES Information Bulletin 399. p. 132-147.
  • Snyder, R.G. 2003. The Greenhouse Effect. American Vegetable Grower Magazine. 51(11):6.
  • Snyder, R.G.,Evans, W., Fain, G., Hudson, P., and Paridon, K. 2003. Horticultural Education With The Fall Flower & Garden Fest. HortSci. 38(5):821. (Abstr.)
  • Snyder, R.G. 2003. What is Fuzzy and Gray And You Want It To Go Away? American Vegetable Grower Magazine. 51(8):52-53.
  • Snyder, R.G. 2003. Greenhouse and Hydroponics Systems. Book Chapter. In: 5.15. Management of Agriculture, Forestry, Fishery, and Rural Enterprises, Encyclopaedia of Life Support Systems (EOLSS), UNESCO.
  • Snyder, R.G. and Hudson, P. 2003. All-America Selections Trials. 2002 Annual Report Summary, Central Mississippi Research & Extension Center. Information Bulletin 399. P. 51.
  • Snyder, R.G. 2003. The 2002 Greenhouse Tomato Short Course. 2002 Annual Report Summary, Central Mississippi Research & Extension Center. Information Bulletin 399. P. 51.
  • Cushman, K.E., Horgan, T.E., Snyder, R.G., Hudson, P.M., Coker, C.H., Ely, M. 2003. Elongated and oval triploid (seedless) watermelons: Second year results. In: Annual Report 2003 of the North Mississippi Research & Extension Center, Mississippi Agriculture & Forestry Experiment Station Information Bulletin 405.
  • Cushman K.E., Horgan, T.E., Ellis, M.C., Ellis, M., Snyder, R.G., Evans, W.B., and Coker, C.H. 2003. Simple strategies for promoting earliness in fresh-market tomatoes. In: Annual Report 2002 of the North Mississippi Research & Extension Center. Mississippi Agriculture & Forestry Experiment Station Information Bulletin 398:331-338.
  • Cushman, K.E., Snyder, R.G., Nagel, D.H., and Gerard, P.D. 2003. Yield and quality of triploid watermelon cultivars and experimental hybrids grown in Mississippi. HortTech. 13:375-380.
  • Snyder, R.G. 2003. The Vegetable Press Newsletter. 2002 Annual Report Summary, Central Mississippi Research & Extension Center. Information Bulletin 399. P. 52.
  • Snyder, R.G. 2003. Vegetable Related Web Pages. 2002 Annual Report Summary, Central Mississippi Research & Extension Center. Information Bulletin 399. P. 52.
  • Snyder, R.G., Hudson, P., Cushman, K., Horgan, T., Coker, C., and Ely, M. 2003. Triploid Watermelon Cultivar Evaluation, Summer 2002. In: 2002 Annual Report Summary, Central Mississippi Research & Extension Center. Information Bulletin 399. February 2003. P. 53.
  • Snyder, R.G. 2003. Fall Flower & Garden Fest - Horticulture Education for the Masses. HortSci.:38(6):1284. Snyder, R.G. 2003. Greenhouse Tomato Short Course - A Time To Learn. American Vegetable Grower Magazine. 51(1):4.
  • Cushman, K.E., Horgan, T.E., Snyder, R.G., Hudson, P., Coker, C.H., Ely, M. 2003. Evaluation of elongated and oval triploid (seedless) watermelon genotypes. In: Annual Report 2002 of the North Mississippi Research & Extension Center. Mississippi Agriculture & Forestry Experiment Station Information Bulletin 398:339-345.
  • Cushman, K.E., Snyder, R.G., Coker, C.E., Horgan, T.E., Hudson, P.M. and Ely, M. 2003. Triploid watermelon cultivar evaluation: Elongated genotypes. HortSci. 38:1294. (Abstr.)
  • Cushman, K.E., Horgan, T.E., Snyder, R.G., Evans, W.B., Hudson, P.M., Coker, C.E., Ely, M., and Nagel, D.H. 2003. Comparing simple strategies to promote earliness for small-scale tomato growers. HortSci. 38:1287. (Abstr.)
  • Evans, W.B., Hudson, P., and Paridon, K. 2003. 2002 Persisimmon cultivar observations. In: Central Mississippi Research and Extension Center 2002 Annual Report. MAFES Information Bulletin 399. pp. 127-128.
  • Evans, W.B., Hudson, P.M., and Paridon, K.L. 2003. 2002 Fall cabbage observations. In: Central Mississippi Research and Extension Center 2002 Annual Report. MAFES Information Bulletin 399. pp. 129-131.
  • Evans, W.B., Ingram, D.M., Snyder, R.G., Paridon, K., Hudson, P., Cushman, K., Kenty, M., Wyatt, J., and Straw, R.A. 2003. Fungicides and adjuvants for disease management in pumpkins. In: Central Mississippi Research and Extension Center 2002 Annual Report. MAFES Information Bulletin 399. pp. 148-52.
  • Evans, W.B., Snyder, R.G., Hudson, P., Paridon, K., Cushman, K., Horgan, T., Nagel, D., and Ellis, M.C. Early Tomato Production in Mississippi. 2003. In: Central Mississippi Research and Extension Center 2002 Annual Report. MAFES Information Bulletin 399. pp. 153-156.
  • Evans, W.B., Hudson, P., and Paridon, K. 2003. 2002 Tomato Cultivar Evaluation. In: Central Mississippi Research and Extension Center 2002 Annual Report. MAFES Information Bulletin 399. pp. 157-159.
  • Evans, W.B., Snyder, R.G., Paridon, K. and Hudson, P. 2003. 2002 Galia Melon Cultivar Evaluation. In: Central Mississippi Research and Extension Center 2002 Annual Report. MAFES Information Bulletin 399. pp. 160-161.
  • Evans, W.B., Paridon, K., and Hudson, P. 2003. Pasteurized Broiler Litter Pellets for Tomato Production. In: Central Mississippi Research and Extension Center 2002 Annual Report. MAFES Information Bulletin 399. pp. 162-165.


Progress 01/01/02 to 12/31/02

Outputs
More than 300 vegtable cultivars were evaluated, including 50 tomato and over 75 cucurbit entries. Newest include seedless watermelons, galia melons, and high lycopene tomatoes. Found early tomato production yields best. Galia melons suitable for MS production. Composted broiler litter safe and effective for tomato production. Continuing work on adjuvant influences on pumpkin production. Research field day provided training and network opportunity for growers and extension workers. Collaborations included 10+ scientists in four states. 5000 + visit days to plots/activities

Impacts
New cultivar adoption by producers should improve profitability

Publications

  • No publications reported this period


Progress 01/01/01 to 12/31/01

Outputs
The first incidence of tomato yellow leaf curl virus in Mississippi was identified by project PIs in greenhouse tomatoes. The positive identification of this disease and the discussions this has generated will give researchers, extension agents, and growers the opportunity to respond quickly and correctly to any future infestations of the virus. The relative value of several fungicides and adjuvants in controlling pumpkin foliar diseases was tested. Two fungicides, chlorthalonil and azoxystrobin, controlled downy and powdery mildew better than the others tested, with or without the addition of CoRoN. It was also demonstrated that a diligent spray program can significantly improve crop yield and foliar health of the pumpkins. Future work will focus on more fungicide and adjuvent combinations aimed at controlling foliar diseases and possibly reducing quanities of fungicides required for adequate disease control. Trials with pasteurized broiler litter pellets showed promising results in a fertilizer trial. Plots of fresh market tomato fertilized with broiler litter pellets produced higher yields of number 1 and total fruit than those fertilized with conventional fertilizer. These results are preliminary and require further studies, which are planned for 2002 and beyond. An evaluation of 14 seedless watermelon varieties in 2001 showed no significant differences in marketable numbers or weights, total numbers or weights, or percentage early yield. There were significant differences in percentage early harvest, with Seedway 4502 the earliest, followed by Diamond, and Tri-X Carousel. All of the watermelon varieties tested would be considered sweet, with soluble solids ranging from 11.9 to 13.2. The following yielded well in a greenhouse tomato trial: Belladona, E2031151, Trust, Quest, Match, Mariachi, DRW 5719, Francesca, Electra, Romana, Baronie, or Blitz. Of these varieties, however, Belladona, E2031151, DRW 5719, Francesca, Electra, and Romana had poorer quality fruit than those of Trust, Quest, Match, Mariachi, Baronie, and Blitz. Any of the better varieties would be good choices for greenhouse tomato growers, especially those in the southeastern United States. Athena muskmelon proved hard to beat for yield or quality in our replicated muskmelon trial. All of the muskmelon entries tested were at least somewhat susceptible to ground rot. None were shown to greatly exceed the others in storability. In a field trial of 23 large-fruited tomatoes, Florida 47, EX 10091, RFT 4413, BHN 543, BHN 444, BHN 577, Equinox, and Mountain Pride exhibited strong combinations of yield and fruit quality. Fruit from this trial is being evaluated for sugars, acidity, color, and lycopene content in an effort to find entries with superior phytochemical properties for production in Mississippi. A sweet corn trial showed that se types can be grown successfully in central Mississippi, with Temptation and Incredible producing high yields of good quality ears. Over 4,000 visitors saw more than 200 vegetable varieties from 30+ species being evaluated in plots at our Fall Flower and Garden Fest.

Impacts
Identification of a tomato disease new to Mississippi in 2001 will allow growers, researchers and extension staff to respond quickly and correctly to infestations. Cultivar evaluations help growers maximize quality, profit, and integrated pest management opportunities. Syntehtic and animal waste-based fertilizer research helps growers improve farm efficiency and reduce nutrient loss to the environment. Our team is assisting several new and existing growers in expanding the MS vegetable industry.

Publications

  • Cushman, K.E., R.G. Snyder, T.E. Horgan, P.M. Hudson, D.H. Nagel, and M. Maqbool. 2001. Triploid Watermelon Trials in Central and Northern Mississippi. HortSci 36(5):842. (Abstr.)
  • Evans, W. B., R.G. Snyder, and D. Ingram. Contributions to: Central Mississippi Research and Extension Center 2000 Annual Report, Misissippi Agriculture and Forestry Experiment Station Information Bulletin 376. March 2001.
  • Evans, W.B. and R.G. Snyder. Contributions to: North Mississippi Research and Extension Center Report Summary 2000. Information Bulletin 365. Feb. 2001.
  • Ingram, D.M. and A. Henn. 2001. First Report of Tomato yellow leaf curl virus in Mississippi. Plant Disease 85:1287.
  • Peet, M.M., Miles, J. and Baldwin, K.R., O'Sullivan, J., Estes, E., and Snyder, R.G. 2001. Production of a video series on greenhouse vegetable production: biocontrols; organic fertilization and best management practices. Published abstract and oral presentation. American Society for Horticultural Science. HortScience. 36(3):429.
  • Snyder, Richard G. 2001. Hydroponic Evolution: Still Room For Improvement. American Vegetable Grower Magazine. 49(11), p. 4 GI. November 2001.
  • Snyder, Richard G. 2001. Caida de Flores? Eso Va A Hacer Dano. Productores de Hortalizas Magazine. 10(10): 50-54. October 2001.
  • Snyder, Richard G., State Coordinator for Mississippi of Regional Publication with North Carolina State University, Auburn University, and Clemson University; 2001 Mississippi Commercial Vegetable Recommendations, Mississippi State University Extension Service, 194 Pp.
  • Snyder, Richard G. 2001. Flowers Dropping? That's Got To Hurt. American Vegetable Grower Magazine. 49(8), pp. 6-8 GI. August 2001.
  • Snyder, Richard G. 2001. Tomato Cracks, Splits, and Russets. American Vegetable Grower Magazine. 49(4), pp. 4-6 GI. April 2001.
  • Snyder, Richard G. 2001. Greenhouse Tomato Nutrition & Fertility. Oral Presentation and Proceedings of the Ohio Fruit & Vegetable Growers Congress, Toledo, Ohio, Feb. 7-8, 2001.
  • Snyder, Richard G. 2001. Marketing Greenhouse Vegetables Effectively. Oral Presentation and Proceedings of the Ohio Fruit & Vegetable Growers Congress, Toledo, Ohio, Feb. 7-8, 2001.
  • Snyder, Richard G. 2001. Troubleshooting Greenhouse Vegetable Problems. Oral Presentation and Proceedings of the Ohio Fruit & Vegetable Growers Congress, Toledo, Ohio, Feb. 7-8, 2001.
  • Snyder, Richard G. 2001. Greenhouse and Hydroponics Systems. Book Chapter. In: 5.15. Management of Agriculture, Forestry, Fishery, and Rural Enterprises, Encyclopaedia of Life Support Systems, UNESCO. [invited contribution for cd-rom], in press.
  • Snyder, Richard G. 2001. Lettuce Goes High Tech. American Vegetable Grower Magazine. 49(1), pp. 4-5 GI. January 2001.