Progress 09/15/00 to 09/14/05
Outputs
In the progress report submitted on February 1, 2005, I wrote the following: Due to actions at the Nevada Agricultural Experiment Station that may have been in violation of the animal welfare act, I had to stop my research with animals at the Main Station Field Laboratory. I also had to request a on-year extension at no additional cost to the USDA with the hope of improving the animal-related practices and possible completion of my proposed work. These issues have been addressed in a complaint that was filed at the USDA-APHIS Office (Case #NV05001-AC). Because of retaliation in response to bringing these issues to the University of Nevada-Reno administration (October 2003) and to the USDA (August 2004), significant amount of time was spent at the legal front (US District Court, Reno, NV). Therefore, the progress at the analytical and writing fronts was much less than expected. Update: 1) The retaliation include a plot for termination of my employment at the university
based on charges that were deemed groundless in April, 2005. The adverse employment actions are addressed in three lawsuits (i.e., CV-N-04-0455-LRH-RAM, CV-N-05-0076-LRH-RAM, and CV-N-05-0381-LRH-RAM) in the US District Court of Nevada. 2) A report on the results of the USDA-APHIS investigation of my complaint (Case #NV05001-AC) was released in May, 2005 and included citation of the University of Nevada-Reno for 46 violations of the Animal Welfare Act. The University was cited for an additional 10 violations of the Animal Welfare Act in a follow-up inspection by the USDA-APHIS in October, 2005. 3) The retaliation actions by University administrators included violations of the sanctity of my research (e.g., the Metabolism Unit) at the Main Station Field Laboratory immediately (September, 2005) after their knowledge of my complaint to the USDA-APHIS (August, 2004). Because the Metabolism Unit housed most of the samples from the experiments of this grant, the sanctity of these samples
are in question. Unfortunately, this will require repeating the related experiments. 4) The one-year extension was requested from the USDA at no additional cost with the hope of improving the animal-related practices and possible completion of my proposed work. The USDA-APHIS findings (i.e., May, 2005) and the lack of improvement in animal care as proven in the recent additional citations in October, 2005 are evidence of a continuous hostile work environment. Because of this and the other adverse employment actions, I could not complete my proposed work. 5) I submitted a request (dated December 8, 2005) to the Office of Sponsored Projects of the University of Nevada-Reno to return the funds (i.e., $77,311.53) that could not be used to complete the proposed work (due to the above mentioned reasons) to the US Treasury Department. Finally, the PI at the human side (Dr. Stanley Omaye) was partly affected by the above mentioned situation. The first part of Dr. Omaye's work (i.e., testing
the antioxidant capacity of CLA isomers)was completed and a journal article was published. The second part of the human research was dependent upon the findings of the animal research which could not be completed.
Impacts
When the opportunity allows for completing the proposed work, we expect the results to identify the dietary ingredients that can increase CLA production in the rumen environment or in the ruminant animal as a whole. Therefore, dietary strategies to maximize CLA in beef, lamb, and milk can be developed.
Publications
- Flintoff-Dye, N. L., and S. T. Omaye. 2005. Antioxidant effects of conjugated linoleic acid isomers in isolated human low-density lipoproteins. Nutr. Res. 25:1-12.
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Progress 01/01/04 to 12/31/04
Outputs
Due to actions at the Nevada Agricultural Experiment Station that may have been in violation of the animal welfare act, I had to stop my research with animals at the Main Station Field Laboratory. I also had to request a one-year extension at no additional cost to the USDA with the hope of improving the animal-related practices and possible completion of my proposed work. These issues have been addressed in a complaint that was filed at the USDA-APHIS Office (Case #NV05001-AC). Because of retaliation in response to bringing these issues to the University of Nevada-Reno administration (October 2003) and to the USDA (August 2004), significant amount of time was spent at the legal front (US District Court, Reno, NV). Therefore, the progress at the analytical and writing fronts was much less than expected.
Impacts
The completed and ongoing studies will identify the dietary ingredients that can increase CLA production in the rumen environment or in the ruminant animal as a whole. Therefore, dietary strategies to maximize CLA in beef, lamb, and milk can be developed.
Publications
- No publications reported this period
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Progress 01/01/03 to 12/31/03
Outputs
The progress on this project includes completion of three in vivo studies (two with beef cattle and one with sheep) and three in vitro studies (using the dual flow continuous culture system as a rumen model). The objectives in the in vivo studies were to determine the effect of 1) forage level, 2) fish oil level, and 3) protein source on CLA concentration in lamb (Study 1) and beef (Studies 2 and 3). The first two in vivo studies are completed and the manuscripts are submitted or in preparation for publication. The third in vivo study is completed and the chemical analyses are near completion. The three in vitro studies addressed the following objectives: 1) determination of the effects of various fat supplements on rumina1 CLA production when a high concentrate diet is fed; 2) determination of the effects of various fat supplements on ruminal CLA production when a forage/concentrate (50:50) diet is fed; and 3) determination of the effects of various dietary forage to
concentrate ratios on ruminal CLA production. The chemical analyses on the samples of these experiments are near completion. Overall, 4 manuscripts are currently in preparation and two are submitted for publication
Impacts
The completed and ongoing studies will identify the dietary ingredients that can increase CLA production in the rumen environment or in the ruminant animal as a whole. Therefore, dietary strategies to maximize CLA in beef, lamb, and milk can be developed.
Publications
- Lake, S. L., H. S. Hussein, H. A. Glimp, T. P. Ringkob, and D. W. Holcombe. 2004. Feedlot performance, carcass characteristics, wool production, and fatty acid composition of Merino/Rambouillet wether lambs as affected by breed and dietary forage to concentrate ratios. Small Ruminant Research(Submitted)
- Lake, S. L., H. S. Hussein, and T. P. Ringkob. 2002. Feedlot performance, carcass characteristics, and fatty acid composition of Tarentaise and Red Angus steers as affected by fish oil supplementation of a high-forage finishing diet. Anim. Feed ci. Technol. (Submitted)
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Progress 01/01/02 to 12/31/02
Outputs
The progress on this project includes completion of three in vivo studies (two with beef cattle and one with sheep)and three in vitro studies (using the dual flow continuous culture system as a rumen model). The objectives in the in vivo studies were to determine the effect of 1) forage level, 2) fish oil level, and 3) protein source on CLA concentration in lamb (Study 1) and beef (Studies 2 and 3). The first two in vivo studies are completed and the manuscripts are submitted or in preparation for publication. The thirs in vivo study is completed and the samples are being analyzed. The three in vitro studies addressed the following objectives: 1) determination of the effects of various fat supplements on ruminal CLA production when a high concentrate diet is fed; 2) determination of the effects of various fat supplements on ruminal CLA production when a forage/concentrate (50:50) diet is fed; and 3) determination of the effects of various dietary forage to concentrate
ratios on ruminal CLA production. The chemical analyses on the samples of these experiments is in progress.
Impacts
The completed and ongoing studies will identify the dietary ingredients that can increase CLA production in the rumen environment or in the ruminant animal as a whole. Therefore, dietary strategies to maximize CLA in beef, lamb, and milk can be developed.
Publications
- Hussein, H. S., S. L. Lake, H. A. Glimp, and T. P. Ringkob. 2002. Performance and carcass characteristics of Tarentaise and Red Angus steers finished on a high forage diet with or without fish oil supplementation. Proc. Cattlemen's Update. pp. 56-62. Univ. of Nevada-Reno.
- Hussein, H. S., S. L. Lake, H. A. Glimp, T. P. Ringkob, and D. W. Holcombe. 2002. Wether lambs as affected by breed and dietary forage to concentrate ratios. Proc. Cattlemen's Update. pp. 63-69. Univ. of Nevada-Reno.
- Lake, S. L., H. S. Hussein, H. A. Glimp, T. P. Ringkob, and D. W. Holcombe. 2003. Feedlot performance, carcass characteristics, wool production, and fatty acid composition of Merino/Rambouillet wether lambs as affected by breed and dietary forage to concentrate ratios. Sheep & Goats Res. J. (Submitted)
- Lake, S. L., H. S. Hussein, H. A. Glimp, and T. P. Ringkob. 2003. Feedlot performance, carcass characteristics, and fatty acid composition of Tarentaise and Red Angus steers as affected by fish oil supplementation of a high-forage finishing diet. J. Anim. Sci. (In preparation)
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Progress 01/01/01 to 12/31/01
Outputs
The objectives are to identify dietary strategies that maximize production of conjugated linoleic acid isomers by beef and dairy cattle and to elucidate their efficacy in decreasing the risk of cardiovascular disease by preventing low-density lipoprotein oxidation. To identify the dietary strategies that influence production of CLA in the rumen environment or endogenous, 3 in vitro experiments were conducted in 2001 by using the dual-flow continuous culture fermenter system (the closest in vitro system to simulate the ruminal microbial fermentation. In Experiment 1, the effects of supplementation of a high-concentrate finishing diet with various fat sources on ruminal production of CLA and trans 11 octadecenoic acid (a precursor for endogenous CLA synthesis by delta 9 desaturase) were investigated. Eight isonitrogenous (14% CP on DM basis) high-concentrate (finishing) diets (85% concentrate [corn, soybean meal, vitamins, and minerals] and 15% forage [tall fescue])
were supplied to eight fermenters. The diets were without (a control) or with one of 7 fat (oil) supplements (3% of dietary DM). The fat sources were canola, corn, fish, linseed, peanut, soybean, and sunflower oil. The experimental design was a randomized complete block design in which 4 experimental periods (blocks) were used to allow for 4 replications for each treatment. The pH of the fermenters were maintained at 6.0 while the liquid and solid dilution rates were maintained at 8.2 and 4.1% per h, respectively. In Experiment 2, a diet containing 50% forage and 50% concentrate was used. The forage component was provided by alfalfa hay and the concentrate was provided by a mixture of corn, soybean meal, molasses, vitamins, and minerals. The diet contained 18% CP on DM basis. Eight treatments were tested in 8 fermenters. These were the basal diet without (a control) or with the same 7 fat (oil) sources at 3% of dietary DM. The experimental design was a randomized complete block design
in which 4 experimental periods (blocks) were used and allowed for 4 replications for each treatment. The pH of the fermenters was maintained at 6.25 while the liquid and solid dilution rates were maintained at 11 and 5.5% per h, respectively. In Experiment 3, four isonitrogenous diets (15% CP on DM basis) containing different forage to concentrate ratios (90:10, 65:35, 40:60, and 15:85) were used. The forage component was 50% alfalfa hay and 50% grass (tall fescue) hay while the concentrate was a mixture of corn, soybean meal, vitamins, and minerals. The diets contained 5% fat and equal amount of linoleic acid (from basal dietary ingredients and supplemental fat [plant oil] mixtures). The supplemental fat replaced equal amount of corn in the diet. The four dietary treatments were tested in 8 fermenters (each diet was supplied to 2 fermenters in each period). The experimental design was a randomized complete block design in which 2 experimental periods (blocks) were used and allowed
for 4 replications for each treatment. The pH of the fermenters was maintained at 6.7, 6.4, 6.1, and 5.8 while the liquid and solid dilution rates were maintained at 10 and 5% per h, respectively.
Impacts
These studies will result in identifying dietary ingredients that have the potential to increase CLA production in the rumen (direct effect) and(or) in the animal tissues (indirect effect; by increasing ruminal production of trans 11 octadecenoic acid).
Publications
- No publications reported this period
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