Progress 10/01/99 to 09/30/04
Outputs
Wheat (Triticum aestivum) could become an important addition into the corn/soybean crop rotation commonly grown in northwestern Illinois, an area which currently grows very little wheat. Adding wheat as an additional crop alternative would offer another means to manage several pests, such as weeds, diseases and insects, that are becoming more difficult to manage with the current cropping systems. Little work, however, has been done to determine which cultural practices are suitable for wheat production with the soils and environment found in northwestern Illinois. A nitrogen rate study was conducted that compared rates of fall and spring applied nitrogen on wheat no-till planted into soybean stubble. Fall nitrogen rates applied were 0, 17.8 and 35.6 kg of nitrogen/ha, which were split with spring applied nitrogen rates of 0, 17.8, 35.6, 53.5, and 71.4 kg of nitrogen/ha. Averaged over three years of the study, yields increased 388 kg/ha when 17.8 kg of nitrogen was
applied in the fall, but did not respond to additional nitrogen. The wheat yield responded with an average increase of 162 kg/ha per 17.8 kg of nitrogen to spring applied nitrogen linearly until plateauing at 53.5 kg of nitrogen/ha. The average yield from the study was 6084 kg/ha. This data shows the importance of applying at least 17.8 kg/ha of nitrogen in the fall. Additionally, there is a positive yield benefit of applying up to 53.5 kg/ha of nitrogen in the spring. A planting date study was conducted over four years with four varieties planted no-till into soybean stubble. The average first planting date was September 29, with subsequent plantings one and two weeks later. The average yield at the first planting date was 6,025 kg/ha, with the yield decreasing 43 kg/ha for every day planting was delayed. Planting as soon after the Hessian fly-free date of September 25-27 in northwest Illinois greatly increases the yield potential and profitability of wheat.
Impacts
This research shows the positive effect of nitrogen fertilizer applied to the wheat in the fall and spring. There was a greater yield response with as little as 17.8 kg/ha of nitrogen applied in the fall than in the spring, however, yields continued to increase with up to 53.5 kg/ha of spring applied nitrogen. Planting wheat as soon as possible after fall crops are harvested and insect pests of wheat are no longer active greatly increases the yield potential and profitability of wheat in northwest Illinois. This research provides information needed for successful introduction of wheat into cropping systems of northwestern Illinois.
Publications
- No publications reported this period
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Progress 01/01/03 to 12/31/03
Outputs
Wheat (Triticum aestivum) could become an important addition into the corn/soybean crop rotation commonly grown in northwestern Illinois, an area which currently grows very little wheat. Adding wheat as an additional crop alternative would offer another means to manage several pests, such as weeds, diseases and insects, that are becoming more difficult to manage with the current cropping systems. Little work, however, has been done to determine which cultural practices are suitable for wheat production with the soils and environment found in northwestern Illinois. A nitrogen rate study was conducted that compared rates of fall and spring applied nitrogen on wheat no-till planted into soybean stubble. Fall nitrogen rates applied were 0, 17.8 and 35.6 kg of nitrogen/ha, which were split with spring applied nitrogen rates of 0, 17.8, 35.6, 53.5, and 71.4 kg of nitrogen/ha. Averaged over two years of the study, yields increased 388 kg/ha when 17.8 kg of nitrogen applied
in the fall, but did not respond to additional nitrogen. The wheat yield responded with an average increase of 162 kg/ha per 17.8 kg of nitrogen to spring applied nitrogen linearly until plateauing at 53.5 kg of nitrogen/ha. The average yield from the study was 6084 kg/ha. This data shows the importance of applying at least 17.8 kg/ha of nitrogen in the fall. Additionally, there is a positive yield benefit of applying up to 53.5 kg/ha of nitrogen in the spring.
Impacts
This research shows the positive effect of nitrogen fertilizer applied to the wheat in the fall and spring. There was a greater response to nitrogen applied in the fall than in the spring. However, yields continued to increase with up to 53.5 kg/ha of spring applied nitrogen. This research provides information needed for successful introduction of wheat into cropping systems of northwestern Illinois.
Publications
- No publications reported this period
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Progress 01/01/02 to 12/31/02
Outputs
Wheat (Triticum aestivum) could become an important addition into the corn/soybean crop rotation commonly grown in northwestern Illinois, an area which currently grows very little wheat. Adding wheat as an additional crop alternative would offer another means to manage several pests, such as weeds, diseases and insects, that are becoming more difficult to manage with the current cropping systems. Little work, however, has been done to determine which cultural practices are suitable for wheat production with the soils and environment found in northwestern Illinois. A nitrogen rate study was conducted that compared rates of fall and spring applied nitrogen on wheat no-till planted into soybean stubble. Fall nitrogen rates applied were 0, 17.8 and 35.6 kg/ha of nitrogen, which were split with spring applied nitrogen rates of 0, 17.8, 35.6, 53.5, and 71.4 kg/ha nitrogen. In this first year of the study, yields increased linearly with fall applied nitrogen, averaging an
increase of 336 kg/ha for every 17.8 kg/ha of nitrogen applied. The wheat yield responded with an average increase of 188 kg/ha per 17.8 kg/ha of nitrogen to spring applied nitrogen linearly until plateauing at 53.5 kg of nitrogen/ha. The average yield from the study was 5638 kg/ha. This first year's data indicates that there is a greater yield response to an application of nitrogen in the fall than to nitrogen applied in the spring, but that there is a positive yield benefit of applying up to 53.5 kg/ha of nitrogen in the spring.
Impacts
This research shows the positive effect of nitrogen fertilizer applied to the wheat in the fall and spring. There was a greater response to nitrogen applied in the fall than in the spring, however, yields continued to increase with up to 53.5 kg/ha of spring applied nitrogen.
Publications
- No publications reported this period
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Progress 01/01/01 to 12/31/01
Outputs
Wheat (Triticum aestivum) could become an important addition into the corn/soybean crop rotation commonly grown in northwestern Illinois, an area which currently grows very little wheat. Adding wheat as an additional crop alternative would offer another means to manage several pests, such as weeds, diseases and insects, that are becoming more difficult to manage with the current cropping systems. Little work, however, has been done to determine which cultural practices are suitable for wheat production with the soils and environment found in northwestern Illinois. A planting date study was conducted with the first planting date as soon as the soybeans were harvested, between Sept. 29 to Oct. 1 for 4 years. Two subsequent planting dates were 1 and 2 weeks. later. Four varieties of differing maturities were planted no-till into soybean stubble. Averaged over the 4 years there was a 43 kg/ha decrease in yield for every day planting was delayed. These results show the
importance of timeliness in wheat planting. Previous work has shown that wheat can be successfully grown planted no-till into soybean stubble. The no-till planting can save valuable time and labor requirements facilitate the earlier planting of wheat.
Impacts
This research showed the importance of the earlier planting date to successfully grow wheat in northwestern Illinois. An earlier planting date is more attainable when wheat is planted with no tillage. Improving the yield potential of wheat could facilitate the adoption of wheat as a viable crop, offering another means to manage several pests, such as weeds, diseases and insects, in crop rotations.
Publications
- No publications reported this period
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Progress 01/01/00 to 12/30/00
Outputs
Wheat (Triticum aestivum) could become an important addition into the corn/soybean crop rotation commonly grown in northwestern Illinois, an area which currently grows very little wheat. Adding wheat as an additional crop alternative would offer another means to manage several pests, such as weeds, diseases and insects that are becoming more difficult to manage with the current cropping systems. Little work, however, has been done to determine which cultural practices are suitable for wheat production with the soils and environment found in northwestern Illinois. A tillage study was conducted that compared planting wheat no-till into soybean stubble, or into tilled stubble. Averaged over 3 years, the yields were 5834 and 5613 kg/ha for no-till and tilled, respectively. A planting date study was also conducted, with the first planting date on Sept. 30 to Oct. 1 for 3 years. Two subsequent planting dates were 1 and 2 weeks later. Four varieties of differing maturities
were planted no-till into soybean stubble. Averaged over the 3 years there was a 53 kg/ha decrease in yield for every day planting was delayed. The ability to successfully grow wheat planted no-till allows growers to save time and expense by not tilling, and also allows for increased residue cover to protect against soil erosion. Additionally, no-till planting wheat allows for an earlier planting date, increasing yield potential. The reduced labor and expense requirements of growing wheat without tillage could facilitate the adoption of wheat as a viable crop in northwestern Illinois.
Impacts
This study has showed that it is possible to successfully grow wheat planted no-till in northwestern Illinois, allowing growers to save time and expense by not tilling, while increasing residue cover to protect against soil erosion. Additionally, no-till planting wheat allows for an earlier planting date, increasing yield potential. The reduced labor and expense requirements of growing wheat without tillage could facilitate the adoption of wheat as a viable crop, offering another means to manage several pests, such as weeds, diseases and insects.
Publications
- No publications reported this period
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