Progress 07/01/99 to 06/30/04
Outputs
Acreage of IdaGold, yellow mustard, Pacific Gold, Oriental mustard and Athena, winter canola, continued to increase throughout the Pacific Northwest region. These three cultivars were licensed and the first seed royalties were received on certified seed sales. The first generation of new winter rapeseed advanced breeding lines with extremely high (>52%) erucic acid content and adaptability as good or better than the best winter canola were entered into Regional Yield Trials in fall 2004. These first two Raptor resistant cultivars were tested in collaboration with BASF to allow for the Clearfield tagging. The first winter canola lines with low 18:3 fatty acids and hence do not require hydrogenation which will reduce trans-fats in food fry products were increased in the glasshouse after severe winter-kill of 2003/2004 winter breeding plots. Further field testing of these lines will be carried out in fall of 2005. A wide range of interspecific and intergeneric hybrid
cross combinations resulted in successful hybrid production. Species involved were B. juncea, B. nigra, B. caraneta, B. rapa, S. alba and S. arvensis. 12 species hybrid combinations produced fertile plants. Most of these species hybrid combinations are unique had not been made by other research groups. The first stage of mustard seed meal crop phytotoxicity studies was completed. The second study examining horticultural trees, perennial flowers and bulbs war completed. A three-year study to examine the effects of straw management on fall and spring Brassica crops was completed. A new research program was initiated to examine factors that will optimize productivity of Oriental mustard was initiated.
Impacts
The aim of this breeding program has been to offer growers in the region greater flexibility on choice of crop and cropping rotation. Availability of yellow and oriental mustard has offered Pacific Northwest growers more crop rotation benefits and helped increase export potential. Similarly, Athena winter canola has offered grower the opportunity to include a non-cereal fall planted crop into their rotations. Many growers in the region use Persuit herbicide on pea or lentil, which limits rotations as there is a five-year plant-back restriction on either canola or mustard. The new Raptor resistant cultivars are highly tolerant to Pursuit carry over and will allow growers to include a legume and Brassica in a six-year rotation with cereals. Field trials on efficacy of pest control and phytotoxicity of Brassica is highly promising and the potential for developing high glucosinolate intergeneric hybrids remains strong and could provide an alternative to highly toxic
synthetic soil fumigation.
Publications
- Brown, J., Davis, J.B., Erickson, D.A., Seip, L. and Gosselin, T. 2004. Registration of Athena winter rapeseed. Crop Sci. 45:(in press).
- Brown, J., McCaffrey, J.P., Erickson, D.A., Harmon, B.L. and Davis, J.B. 2004. Yield reduction in Brassica napus, B. rapa, B. juncea and Sinapis alba caused by flea beetle (Phyllotreta cruciferae (Goeze) (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) infestation in northern Idaho. J. Econ. Ent. 97:1642-1647.
- Harmon, B.L., McCaffrey, J.P., Brown, J. and Davis, J.D. 2003. Resistance of canola-quality cultivars of yellow mustard, Sinapis alba, to the cabbage seedpod weevil, Ceutorhynus obstrictus (Marsham). Can. J. Plant Sci. 84:397-399.
- Brown, J., Davis, J.B., Erickson, D.A., Seip, L. and Gosselin, T. 2004. Registration of Pacific Gold Oriental mustard. Crop Sci. 44:2271-2272.
- Hamilton, M. 2004. Herbicidal and crop phytotoxicity potential of Brassica napua, Brassica juncea and Sinapis alba seed meal-amended soils. M.S. Thesis, University of Idaho, October 2004.
- Brown, J. 2004. Increased Value-Added Products from Brassicaceae Oilseed Crops. In proceedings of A new look at cropping systems Northwest Direct Seed Cropping Systems Conference and Trade Show. January 7-9, 2004. pp. 27-38.
- Seamons, C., Brown, J. and Lloyd, J. 2003. Using Brassicaceae seed meal as a soil fumigant in horticultural situations. In Proceedings of the First International Symposium. Biofumigation: A possible alternative to methyl bromide. March 31 - April 1, 2004. Firenze, Italy, p. 18.
- Brown, D.A., Brown, J., Seip, L. and Baker, N. 2004. Developing designer Brassicaceae crops for biofumigation. Biofumigation: A possible alternative to methyl bromide. March 31 - April 1, 2004. Firenze, Italy, pp. 43-44.
- Brown, J., Hamilton, M. and Brown, D.A.. 2004. Using Brassicaceae seed meal as an alternative to highly toxic soil fumigants in strawberry production. Biofumigation: A possible alternative to methyl bromide. March 31 - April 1, 2004. Firenze, Italy, pp. 14-15.
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Progress 01/01/03 to 12/31/03
Outputs
Acreage of IdaGold condiment yellow mustard continued to increase throughout the region. High fertilizer costs and good pea prices caused a reduction in IdaGold acreage in 2003. However, although accurate acreage is difficult to obtain, there was over 15,000 acres of IdaGold grown in Idaho and Washington last year. PVP applications were successfully submitted for Pacific Gold oriental mustard and Athena winter canola. Pacific Gold, oriental mustard acreage increased around the Genesee area, where approximately 4,000 acres were planted. All commercial seed was shipped to Japan or Korea and the initial reports of quality are good. Over 45,000 lb of certified seed was sold and planted around Idaho. A new Dijon type mustard (Kodiak) was released. Certified seed was produced of Clearwater, a new Raptor herbicide resistant spring canola cultivar and Gem a new Raptor herbicide resistant spring rapeseed cultivar. Both cultivars will be released prior to planting the 2004
spring crop. The first winter canola lines with low 18:3 fatty acids and hence do not require hydrogenation which will reduce trans-fats in food fry products were field tested in Fall 2003. Initial studies to examine insect resistance mechanisms in B. napus and S. alba were completed and several hybrids backcross families identified with significant advances in insect resistance. Second year field studies to determine the potential for using Brassica crop seed meal for use in biofumigation of crop plants (strawberry, cabbage, onion, field beans, cherry, potato and corn) were completed and larger on-farm testing planned for 2004 in recrop orchards, vegetable and strawberry production.
Impacts
The aim of this breeding program has been to offer growers in the region greater flexibility on choice of crop and cropping rotation. Availability of yellow and oriental mustard has offered Pacific Northwest growers more crop rotation benefits and helped in increase export potential. Similarly, Athena winter canola has offered grower the opportunity to include a non-cereal fall planted crop into their rotations. Many growers in the region use Persuit herbicide on pea or lentil, which limits rotations as there is a five year plant-back restriction on either canola or mustard. The new Raptor resistant cultivars are highly tolerant to Pursuit carry over and will allow growers to include a legume and Brassica in a six year rotation with cereals. Field trials on efficacy of pest control and phytotoxicity of Brassica is highly promising and the potential for developing high glucosinolate intergeneric hybrids remains strong and could provide an alternative to highly toxic
synthetic soil fumigation.
Publications
- Ross, D.W., Brown, J., McCaffrey, J.P. and Harmon, B. 2004. Cabbage seedpod weevil resistance in canola (Brassica napus L.), yellow mustard (Sinapis alba L.) and canola x yellow mustard hybrids. Euphytica (In Press)
- Reddy, S. and Brown, J. 2004. Accumulating multiple herbicide resistance traits into a canola (Brassica napus L.) x weed (B. rapa L.) background. Weed Sci. (In Press)
- Reddy, S. and Brown, J. 2004. Gene flow from herbicide resistant canola (Brassica napus L.) to a related weed species (Brassica rapa L.) and to herbicide susceptible canola in the Pacific northwest. Weed Sci. (In Press)
- A. Esser, Brown, J., Davis, J.B. and Erickson, D.A. 2004. Competitiveness of yellow mustard, spring canola, pea, and lentil with weeds. J. Agric. Sci. (In Press)
- Brown, J., Davis, J.B., Erickson, D.A., Seip, L. and Gosselin, T. 2004. Registration of Athena winter rapeseed. Crop Sci. (In Press)
- Brown, J., Davis, J.B., Erickson, D.A., Seip, L. and Gosselin, T. 2004. Registration of Premier spring rapeseed. Crop Sci. (In Press)
- Seamons, C., Brown, J., McCaffrey, J.P. and Lloyd, J. 2003. Using Brassica seed meal for biological control of black vine weevil in nursery trees. In: Proceedings of Annual International Research Conference on Methyl Bromide alternatives and emissions reductions conference, San Diego, CA, November 3-6 2003.
- Hamilton. M., Brown J. and Brown, D.A. 2003. Herbicidal properties of Brassicacae seed meal in strawberry production. In: Proceedings of Annual International Research Conference on Methyl Bromide alternatives and emissions reductions conference, San Diego, CA, November 3-6 2003.
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Progress 01/01/02 to 12/31/02
Outputs
Acreage of `IdaGold' condiment yellow mustard continued to increase with over 25,000 acres in the region. An additional 100 acres of certified seed was produced. `Pacific Gold', oriental mustard, was grown commercially for the first time and `Athena', winter canola, was planted commercially for the first time in fall of 2002. Foundation seed was produced for `Clearwater' (spring canola) and `Impact' (spring rapeseed), the first two herbicide (Raptor) resistant cultivars developed at the University of Idaho. The first year of field testing IdaGold and Pacific Gold seed meal as an alternative to synthetic soil fumigants was completed. Results showed that IdaGold meal (at 1 ton/acre) controlled over 99% of all grassy and broad-leaf weeds while Pacific Gold (at that rate) controlled 100% of fungus gnats. Further large-scale testing will continue in 2003. A study was initiated to examine the inheritance of low polyunsaturated oil in Brassica species. Insect resistant
breeding lines from canola x yellow mustard hybrids were retested and found to be heritable.
Impacts
The aim of this breeding program has been to offer growers in the region greater flexibility on choice of crop and cropping rotation. Availability of IdaGold and Pacific Gold mustard has offered Pacific Northwest growers more crop rotation benefits and options and helped increase export potential. Similarly, Athena winter canola is beginning to have impact, particularly if this cultivar can be planted late in the season and survive winter. The potential for developing high glucosinolate intergeneric hybrids remains strong and could provide an alternative to highly toxic synthetic soil fumigation.
Publications
- No publications reported this period
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Progress 01/01/01 to 12/31/01
Outputs
Acreage of `IdaGold' condiment yellow mustard continued to increase throughout the region. A third foundation to certified seed increase was accomplished. The first commercialization of `Pacific Gold', oriental mustard was completed with good success. Despite a late planting (early June) as seed arrived back from Yuma, Arizona, later than expected, seed yields averaged over 1700 lb/acre and several fields exceeded 2000 lbs/acre. All commercial seed was shipped to Japan and the initial reports of quality are good. Foundation seed of `Athena', winter canola was produced 2000/2001 and for evaluation certified seed was planted near Genesee, Idaho this fall. Limited commercial production was also planted this fall. Breeders' seed was produced for `Clearfield-Sunrise' (spring canola) and `Clearfield-Sterling' (spring rapeseed). These are this project's first two herbicide (Raptor) resistant cultivars. The first stage in a continuing investigation into breeding methodology
was completed and results are under review. A third round of intergeneric hybridization using Brassica juncea, B. nigra, B. rapa, and Sinapis alba was completed. Insect resistant germplasm from canola x yellow mustard hybrids have been identified. Breeding lines were identified with low polyunsaturated oils suitable for low NOx Biodiesel development.
Impacts
Availability of Pacific Gold oriental mustard will offer Pacific Northwest growers more crop rotation benefits and help to increase export potential. Similarly, availability of Athena winter canola will have high impact if results from large-scale direct seeding and late planting trials substantiate results already obtained from small-scale trials. Canola- and rapeseed-quality yellow mustard lines will greatly increase the US acreage of these oilseeds. High glucosinolate intergeneric hybrids could have a tremendous impact as an alternative to synthetic soil fumigation.
Publications
- Davis, T., Brown, J., Erickson, D. and Davis, J.B. 2001. Selection efficiency in early breeding stages of a canola cultivar development program. In proceedings of Pacific Northwest Regional Canola Meeting, Spokane, Washington, January 17, 2001.
- Erickson, D., Davis, J.B., Brown, J. and Wysocki, D. 2001. Results of 2000 winter/spring canola variety trials. In proceedings of Pacific Northwest Regional Canola Meeting, Spokane, Washington, January 17, 2001.
- McCaffrey, J.P., Brown, J., Davis, J. and Harmon, B. 2001. Evaluation of intergeneric hybrids between Brassica napus and Sinapis alba for insect resistance and tolerance. In proceedings of Pacific Northwest Regional Canola Meeting, Spokane, Washington, January 17, 2001.
- Brown, J., Davis, J.B., Erickson, D.A., Gosselin, T. and Seip, L. 2001. Developing high glucosinolate Brassica cultivars suitable for bio-fumigation. In proceedings of EUCARPIA, General Triennial Congress, Edinburgh, Scotland, Sept 10-14, 2001.
- Brown, J. 2001. Mustard oil as a cost effective option for Biodiesel. In proceedings of 2001 Biodiesel Research Brainstorming Coordination Meeting, Tampa, Florida, February 5-8, 2001.
- Davis, T., Brown, J., Erickson, D. and Davis, J.B. 2001. Selection efficiency in early breeding stages of a canola cultivar development program. In proceedings of Western Society of Crop Science Meeting, Tucson, Arizona, June 11-13, 2001.
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Progress 01/01/00 to 12/31/00
Outputs
`IdaGold' condiment yellow mustard was made available to farmers for commercial production in spring of 2000. 68,000 lb of certified seed was sold and used to plant 11,000 acres in this first year. A further foundation to certified seed increase was accomplished. A new oriental mustard cultivar (`Pacific Gold') was released. This will be the first US cultivar release of an oriental (Brassica juncea) cultivar. Pacific Gold is highly adapted to the PNW. Seed samples have tested in Korea, Taiwan, and Japan with great success. Foundation seed will be harvested in the fall of 2000. Two new cultivars, a winter canola with late-planted potential (`Athena') and a brown (Dijon type) mustard (to be called `Kodiak') were officially released this year. The first (synthesized) winter mustard lines completed field testing and showed good winter survival, albeit a mild winter. These lines generated by interspecific and intergeneric hybridization offers potential as soil fumigant
crops, or for use in integrating insect resistance into winter canola/rapeseed. Spring canola lines derived from intergeneric hybridization between yellow mustard and canola was tested for insect resistance and several lines showed significant insect resistance compared to other canola.
Impacts
Idagold is the first yellow mustard to be developed in the US. The quality (mucilage) of this cultivar is significantly better than any others. Release of this cultivar had offered PNW growers greater flexibility in cropping systems. Similarly, the 2001 commercialization of 'Pacific Gold' and 'Athena' will open potential export markets, and alternative cropping rotation not previously available to the Pacific Northwest growers.
Publications
- Brown, J. and Brown, A.P. 2000. Reproductive fitness of Canola (Brassica napus L.) crop x weed hybrids and back-cross families under glasshouse conditions. Ann. Appl. Biol. (in press).
- Tang, J.H., Brown, J. and Davis, J.B. 2000. A genetic study of fatty acid composition in yellow mustard (Sinapis alba L.) to determine the potential of developing canola oil quality and industrial rapeseed oil quality cultivars. Crop Sci. (in press).
- Brown, J., Tang, J.H., Davis, J.B., Seip, L., Brown, A.P. and Erickson, D.A. 2000. Inheritance of seed meal glucosinolate content in yellow mustard. Euphytica (in press).
- Brown, J., McCaffrey, J.P. Davis, J.B., Harmon, B.L., Erickson, D.A. and Brown, A.P. 1999. Effect of late season insect infestation on yield, yield components and oil quality of Brassica napus, B. rapa, B. juncea and Sinapis alba in Pacific Northwest region of the United States. J. Agric Sci. 132:281-288.
- McCaffrey, J.P., Brown, J., Harmon, B., Brown, A.P. and Davis, J.B. 1999. Assessment of Sinapis alba, Brassica napus and S. alba x B. napus hybrids for resistance to cabbage seedpod weevil, Ceutorhynchus assimilis (Coleoptera: Cruculionidae). J. Agric Sci. 132:289-295.
- Davis, J.B., Brown, J., Brennan, J.S. and Thill, D.C. 1999. Brassicaceae weed seed contamination may decrease canola (Brassica napus and B. rapa) oil and meal quality. Weed Science 13:239-243.
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