Progress 01/01/00 to 12/31/04
Outputs
The purpose of this project were 1)to assess the effct of oral administration of calcium chloride gel on blood mineral concentrations, metritis and reproductive performance of dairy cows with retained fetal membranes 2)to compare ceftiofur hydrochloride and estradiol cypionate administration for metritis prevention and reproductive performance in dairy cows affected with RFM. Conclusions obtained from these two studies are that; administration of Calcium chloride gel 24 and 48 hors after parturition did not have significant effect on blood mineral concentrations, metritis or reproductive performance.In contrast,systemic administration of ceftioufur hydrochloride is beneficial for prevention of metritis, but its effect on reproductive performance was not significantly different to that of estradiol cypionate or no treatment.In addition, administration of estradiol cypionate did not have beneficial effects on metritis prevention and reproductive performance.
Impacts
Systemic administration of the antibiotic ceftioufur which does not require milk withdrawal, can be effective for prevention of metritis in cows with retained fetal membranes. Administration of an estrogenic hormone did not have beneficial effects on metritis prevention and reproductive performance. Although, estradiol cypionate is approved for dairy cattle, the use of this hormone by veterinarians should be reconsidered. Knowledge of the calcium and energy status of dairy cows at risk to develop metritis would provide veterinarians a better understanding of the etiology of this condition. If an association between hypocalcemia and septic metritis exists, the use of calcium products in at- risk cows would be justified. A prophylactic treatment strategy could be developed that includes calcium and energy administration after calving to cows that are at risk of developing septic metritis. Furthermore, it would provide a management approach to the prevention of metritis
in at risk cows without the use of antibiotics or hormones.
Publications
- Risco CA and J. Hernandez. Comparison of Ceftiofur Hydrochloride and Estradiol Cypionate for Metritis Prevention and Reproductive Performance in Dairy Cows Affected with Retained Fetal Membranes. Theriogenology 60: 47-58, 2003.
- Hernandez J, Risco CA and JB Elliot: Effect of Oral Administration of a Calcium Chloride Gel on Blood Mineral Concentrations, Parturient Disorders, Reproductive Performance and Milk Production in Dairy Cows Affected with Retained Fetal Membranes. JAVMA, 215:72-76, 1999.
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Progress 01/01/03 to 12/31/03
Outputs
The first phase (treatment comparison)of this research is completed and results have been published in the journal Theriogenology (see below). The second phase of the project (calcium and energy status), will begin in late March 2004. Evaluation of the postpartum calcium and energy status in dairy cows at risk to develop septic metrits would contribute to a better understanding of the metritis disease complex and would provide a basis for prevention and treatment . Should calcium and energy supplementation reduce the incidence or duration of metritis it will reduce reproductive failures secondary to metritis and also reduce use of antibiotics on farms.
Impacts
Systemic administration of the antibiotic ceftioufur which does not require milk withdrawal, can be effective for prevention of metritis in cows with retained fetal membranes. Administration of the estrogenic hormone ECP did not have beneficial effects on metritis prevention and reproductive performance. Although, ECP is FDA approved for dairy cattle, the use of this hormone by veterinarians should be reconsidered. Knowledge of the calcium and energy status of dairy cows at risk to develop metritis would provide veterinarians a better understanding of the etiology of this condition. If an association between hypocalcemia and septic metritis exists, the use of calcium products in at- risk cows would be justified. A prophylactic treatment strategy could be developed that includes calcium and energy administration after calving to cows that are at risk of developing septic metritis. Furthermore, it would provide a management approach to the prevention of metritis in at
risk cows without the use of antibiotics or hormones.
Publications
- Risco CA and Hernandez J. 2003. Comparison of ceftiofur hydrochloride and estradiol cypionate for metritis prevention and reproductive performance in dairy cows affected with retained fetal membranes. Theriogenology 60: 47-58.
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Progress 01/01/02 to 12/31/02
Outputs
Proportions of cows that developed uterine infection, cows pregnant within 90 days were compared between treatment groups that included; Ceftiofur HCl (Ceft; n=31), Estradiol Cypionate (ECP; n=33) and controls (n = 33). Proportion of cows that developed unterine infection were significantly lower (P< .05) in cows treated with Ceft(13%) compared to ECP (42%) and controls (42%). Proportion of cows pregnant at 90 days was lower in the ECP treated group. Systemic administration of the antibiotic Ceftiofur is more effective for prevention of postpartum uterine infection in cows affected with RFM compared to the hormone ECP. The Energy and calcium status component of this project is on going.
Impacts
Cows with retained fetal membranes at parturition are at high risk to develop uterine infection which impairs health and reproductive performance. Systemic administration of ceftiofur HCl an antibiotic which requires no milk withdrawal, is effective in preventing uterine infection in cows with RFM at parturition. Findings from this study do not support the hypothesis that administration of an estrogenic hormone (ECP) is beneficial for prevention of uterine infections. Collectively,results from this study can be used to manage dairy cows with retained placenta effectively without the use of estrogenic hormones.
Publications
- Risco, C.A., and Hernandez J. 2003. Efficacy of Ceftiofur HCL and Estradiol Cypionate for Treatment of Dairy Cows Affected with Retained Fetal Mmbranes.Theriogenology (In Pres.)
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Progress 01/01/01 to 12/31/01
Outputs
A research project was completed that compared the efficacy of Ceftiofur HCl (Excenel) and estradiol cypionate (ECP) treatments on dairy cows affected with retained fetal membranes. The study demonstrated that Ceftiofur HCL an antibiotic, was effective in reducing the incidence of metritis in cows affected with retained fetal membranes at parturition. In contrast, the estrogenic hormone estradiol cypionate did not have an effect on the incidence of metritis. Beginning in August 2001, a study to determine the energy and calcium status of dairy cows with retained placenta will begin. Results from this study will determine wether or not cows affected with retained fetal membranes require calcium or an energy supplement treatment.
Impacts
To prevent postpartum metritis in dairy cows with retained fetal membranes, Ceftiofur HCl, a third generation cephalosporin can be used effectively at the label dose. Ceftiofur HCL, is approved by the FDA and can be used in lactating dairy cows without risk of milk antibiotic residues. The use of ECP in cows with retained fetal membranes to prevent metritis has been based on anecdotal evidence. The study described above suggests that estradiol cypionate does not have an effect on the incidence of metritis. Therefore, the routine use of this hormone (Estradiol Cypionate) in cows with retained fetal mebranes to prevent metritis is discouraged.
Publications
- No publications reported this period
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Progress 01/01/00 to 12/31/00
Outputs
A research project was completed that compared the efficacy of Ceftiofur HCl (Excenel) and estradiol cypionate (ECP) treatments on dairy cows affected with retained fetal membranes. The study demonstrated that Ceftiofur HCL an antibiotic, was effective in reducing the incidence of metritis in cows affected with retained fetal membranes at parturition. In contrast, the estrogenic hormone estradiol cypionate did not have an effect on the incidence of metritis. On January 2, 2001 a mansucript entitled " Comparison of ceftiofur hydrochloride and estradiol cypionate for treatment of retained fetal membranes in dairy cows" was submitted for publication in the Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association. Beginning in August 2001, a study to determine the energy and calcium status of dairy cows with retained placenta will begin. Results from this study will determine wether or not cows affected with retained fetal membranes require calcium or an energy supplement
treatment.
Impacts
To prevent postpartum metritis in dairy cows with retained fetal membranes, Ceftiofur HCl, a third generation cephalosporin can be used effectively at the label dose. Ceftiofur HCL, is approved by the FDA and can be used in lactating dairy cows without risk of milk antibiotic residues. The use of ECP in cows with retained fetal membranes to prevent metritis has been based on anecdotal evidence. The study described above suggests that estradiol cypionate does not have an effect on the incidence of metritis. Therefore, the routine use of this hormone (Estradiol Cypionate) in cows with retained fetal mebranes to prevent metritis is discouraged.
Publications
- No publications reported this period
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