Progress 03/01/00 to 09/30/04
Outputs
The effects of soil fumigation with chloropicrin alone or in combination with metham sodium and or with EPTC on the growth of loblolly pine (Pinus taeda) seedlings and on nutsedge (Cyperus spp.) control were investigated at three forest nurseries. Georgia Forestry Commission's Flint River Nursery (1997), Louisiana Department of Agriculture and Forestry's Beauregard Nursery and Rayonier's Glennville (Georgia) Regeneration Center (1998). Fumigation with chloropicrin plus metham sodium increased seedling numbers and growth compared to controls. Averaged among nurseries, mean root-collar-diameter increased from 3.4 mm to 4.3 mm, and biomass production was also increased. The production of plantable seedlings and grade 1 seedlings was increased by fumigation with chloropicrin plus metham sodium. Fumigation increased average potential sales by up to $7,100/ac and increased the net present value associated with gains from producing Grade 1 seedlings. Fumigation increased
biomass per unit area similarly at tested bed densities, but at low bed densities the present values associated with grade 1 seedlings increased more than at higher densities.
Impacts
If soil pathogens had been present in higher populations, the impact of soil fumigants on seedling growth might have been different. Since methyl bromide was included in this study, some scientists believe there might be an impact on the ozone layer.
Publications
- Carey, W.A. 2000. Fumigation with chloropicrin, metham sodium and EPTC as replacements for methyl bromide in southern pine nurseries. South. J. Appl. For. 24:135-139.
- South, D.B. and Carey, W.A. 2000. Economics of soil fumigation. Journal of Forestry 98(2):Focus 4-5.
- Carey, W.A. 2000. Producing southern pine seedlings with methyl bromide alternatives. In: Proc. Annual International Research Conference on Methyl Bromide Alternatives and Emission Reductions. Orlando, FL Nov 6-9, 2000. pp.51-1 to 51-3.
|
Progress 01/01/03 to 12/31/03
Outputs
Five fumigants were evaluated at a loblolly pine nursery in South Carolina. Fumigants included (1) 1,3-dichloropropene + chloropicrin, (2) methyl iodide (3) methyl bromide plus chloropicrin; (4) methyl bromide plus a paraffin solvent - low rate; and (5) methyl bromide plus a paraffin solvent - high rate. Fumigants were applied under a tarp in October, 2001. Seeds were sown in early April and seedlings were evaluated in November, 2002. There were no differences between the control and fumigation treatments in this study. This study could detect a 10 percent difference in root-collar diameter (LSD 0.4 mm) and therefore there was no significant difference between the best fumigation treatment (4.4 mm) and nonfumigated beds (4.1 mm). Stand density for the control was 194 seedlings per square meter. Since the study could detect only a 19 percent difference in stocking (LSD 37.6 seedlings), fumigation treatments that increased stocking by 9 percent to 15 percent were not
statistically different from the control. Overall, there was no clear benefit from any fumigation treatment in terms of either seedling production or seedling size. GSY=1.
Impacts
If soil pathogens had been present in higher populations, the impact of soil fumigants on seedling growth might have been different. Since methyl bromide was included in this study, some scientists believe there might be an impact on the ozone layer.
Publications
- Carey, W.A. and S. Cantrell 2003. Effects of fumigation treatments on loblolly seedling growth at the Taylor Forest Tree Nursery in South Carolina. Auburn University Southern Forest Nursery Management Cooperative Research Report 03-6. 3 p.
- Hill, T. and W.A. Carey 2002. Control of purple nutsedge with broad spectrum herbicides. Auburn University Southern Forest Nursery Management Cooperative Research Report 02-3. 4 p.
|
Progress 01/01/02 to 12/31/02
Outputs
Six fumigants were evaluated at a loblolly pine nursery in Georgia. Fumigants included (1) dazomet, (2) methyl iodide plus chloropicrin; (3) 1,3-D plus chloropicrin; (4) metham-potassium plus chloropicrin; (5) metham-sodium plus chloropicrin; and (6) a proprietary fumigant. Fumigants were applied in the spring of 2001. Seeds were sown in early May and seedlings were evaluated in late October. Although dazomet has been evaluated at many nurseries over the last decade, this study involved a new protocol: 224 kg/ha were incorporated to a depth of 15 cm and then 168 kg/ha were applied to the soil surface - the area was irrigated daily for a week to "release" the active ingredient. There were few differences among treatments in this study. This study could detect a 10 percent difference in root-collar diameter (LSD 0.4 mm) and therefore there was no significant difference between fumigated (4.4 mm) and nonfumigated beds (4.1 mm). Stand density for the control was 235
seedlings per square meter. Since the study could detect only a 16 percent difference in stocking (LSD 3.5 seedlings), treatments that increased stocking by 10 percent to 15 percent were not statistically different from the control. Except for the propriety treatment, all fumigants resulted in a significant increase in shoot mass per square meter. Overall, seedbeds treated with metham-sodium plus chloropicrin performed best. However, seedlings from this treatment were not significantly different from treatments 1 to 4. GSY=2
Impacts
Methyl bromide was not included in this study so there should be no impact of this study on the ozone layer.
Publications
- Carey, W.A. and W. Little. 2002. A comparison of fumigants and the effects of mycorrhizal inoculum on loblolly pine at Ashburn Georgia. Auburn University Southern Forest Nursery Management Cooperative. Research Report 02-10. 4 pp.
|
Progress 01/01/01 to 12/31/01
Outputs
Two trials were installed to test the effects of soil fumigation with methyl iodide on seedling production. GSY=1.38
Impacts
At some nurseries, growing loblolly pine seedlings in non-fumigated soil could result in a loss in crop value of more than $3,000 per hectare. In addition, improper use of alternative fumigatnts can result in the loss of millions of tree seedlings. In 1999, 20 million seedlings were destroyed when an alternative to methyl bromide was used to fumigate soil adjacent to loblolly pine seedlings.
Publications
- No publications reported this period
|
Progress 01/01/00 to 12/31/00
Outputs
Three trials were installed to test the effects of soil fumigation with chloropicrin alone or in combination with metham sodium and or with EPTC. Fumigation with chloropicrin plus metham sodium increased seed efficiency and increased growth of loblolly pine seedlings (in comparision to seedlings in non-fumigated soil). Root-collar diameter increased from 3.4 mm to 4.3 mm. When compared to non-fumigated soil, crop value was increased by more than $17,000 per hectare. GSY=1
Impacts
At some nurseries, growing loblolly pine seedlings in non-fumigated soil could result in a loss in crop value of more than $3,000 per hectare. In addition, improper use of alternative fumigatnts can result in the loss of millions of tree seedlings. In 1999, 20 million seedlings were destroyed when an alternative to methyl bromide was used to fumigate soil adjacent to loblolly pine seedlings.
Publications
- Carey, W.A. 2000. Fumigation with chloropicrin, metham sodium and EPTC as replacements for methyl bromide in southern pine nurseries. South. J. Appl. For. 24:135-139.
- South, D.B. and Carey, W.A. 2000. Economics of soil fumigation. Journal of Forestry 98(2):Focus 4-5.
- Carey, W.A. 2000. Producing southern pine seedlings with methyl bromide alternatives. In: Proc. Annual International Research Conference on Methyl Bromide Alternatives and Emission Reductions. Orlando, FL Nov 6-9, 2000. pp.51-1 to 51-3.
|
|