Progress 01/01/00 to 06/30/05
Outputs
Research was conducted on annual bluegrass seedhead inhibition, growth regulator and fungicide combinations for annual bluegrass and disease control, and substitution of fluroxypyr for clopyralid in broadleaf herbicide products. Mixtures of commercial growth regulators (Embark, Primo, Proxy, Trimmit, and Cutless) were tested for their ability to inhibit seedhead formation in annual bluegrass. The addition of Primo to Proxy provided excellent seedhead suppression on putting greens. This is noteworthy because neither product inhibits seedheads when used alone. Rubigan fungicide was combined with Trimmit to determine if dollar spot and annual bluegrass control is greater with this combination than either product alone. Results showed no enhancement of dollar spot with the combination compared to Rubigan alone and no enhancement of annual bluegrass control over Trimmit alone. Fluroxypyr was evaluated as a substitute for clopyralid in broadleaf herbicide products to
determine if it provides adequate control of white clover. Results showed good control of clover with fluroxypyr.
Impacts
Golf course superintendents are being notified that combinations of Primo and Proxy growth regulators inhibit annual bluegrass seedheads at levels similar to Embark, with little or no phytotoxicity. This combination is being used by several PA superintendents with good results. Clopyralid is no longer available for use on residential turf in the United States. However, fluroxypyr is currently being used a substitute for clopyralid in some broadleaf herbicide products with good success against clover and some other weeds.
Publications
- Borger, J. A., Watschke, T. L., Keese, R. J., Shepard, D. P., Mosdell, D. K., and Agnew, M. L. 2005. Evaluation of growth regulators for the control of Poa annua. International Turfgrass Society Annexe-Technical Papers, p. 98-99.
- Borger, J. A. and Watschke, T. L. 2005. Clipping management. Proc. Northeastern Weed Science Society 59:108.
- Watschke, T.L. and Borger, J. A. 2005. Seedhead suppression on putting greens. Proc. Northeastern Weed Science Society 59:107.
- Borger, J. A. and Watschke, T. L. 2005. Broadleaf weed control. Proc. Northeastern Weed Science Society 59:105.
- Borger, J. A. and Watschke, T. L. 2005. Ground ivy control. Proc. Northeastern Weed Science Society 59:102.
- Borger, J. A. and Watschke, T. L. 2005. Annual bluegrass control and more. Proc. Northeastern Weed Science Society 59:84.
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Progress 01/01/04 to 12/31/04
Outputs
Split applications of several preemergence herbicides were found to provide better control of smooth crabgrass than single applications (particularly for Barricade and Pendulum). When preemergence herbicides were combined with post emergence herbicides (Pendulum plus Acclaim Extra and Barricade plus Mesotrione) excellent control of smooth crabgrass was attained. In some cases new experimental formulations of older products were found to provide potentially improved efficacy. The combination of a fungicide (Rubigan) with the growth regulator Trimmit provided excellent first season reduction in annual bluegrass (when it was part of a mixed creeping bentgrass/annual bluegrass sward) and the control of dollarspot disease was enhanced. Bensulide continued to provide good preemergence control of annual bluegrass applied to putting green height turf during the second year of a three-year study. The biostimulant Macrosorb Foliar (Nutramax Labs, Inc.) continued to enhance
activity of both contact herbicides and plant growth regulators. Experiments conducted to selectively control creeping bentgrass and rough bluegrass provided limited success. Broadleaf weed control experiments revealed that certain granular formulations (fertilizer carried) provided, for the first time, control that was comparable to sprayed formulations.
Impacts
This research has shown that certain postmergence herbicides can reduce ground ivy, dandelions, common plantain, and white clover. Combining some materials improved overall control as did those containing carfentazone. Weed control and growth regulator efficacy were enhanced by the addition of Macrosorb Foliar (biostimulant).
Publications
- Watschke, T. L. and Borger, J. A. 2004. Smooth crabgrass control (Pre- and Postemergence) in 2003. Abstr. Pro. NEWSS 58:118.
- Borger, J. A. and Watschke, T. L. 2004. Plant growth regulators as a tool for annual bluegrass control. Abstr. Proc. NEWSS 58:130.
- Watschke, T. L. and Borger, J. A. 2004. Seedhead suppression of annual bluegrass. Abstr. Proc. NEWSS 58:131.
- Watschke, T. L. 2004. A new approach. Grounds Maint. January. pp. 13-18.
- Borger, J. A., Watschke, T. L., and Soika, M. D. 2004. How to suppress seedheads on annual bluegrass putting greens. Turfgrass Trends. Feb. pp. 78-81.
- Borger, J. A. and Watschke, T. L. 2004. Establishing weeds for turfgrass field research. Abstr. Proc. NEWSS 58:99.
- Borger, J. A. and Watschke, T. L. 2004. Broadleaf weed control in 2003. Abstr. Proc. NEWSS 58:117.
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Progress 01/01/03 to 12/31/03
Outputs
The addition of Macrosorb Foliar (bio-stimulant) was found to enhance the activity of the herbicides Acclaim Extra and Drive. It was also found to enhance the activity of plant growth regulators (Embark T & O, Primo Maxx, Proxy, and the combination of Primo and Proxy). The enhanced activity of the aforementioned materials allowed each of them to be used at lower than label rates without any reduction in efficacy. It appears that Macrosorb Foliar elicates hormonal responses in the plant which improves uptake and translocation. Several experimental broadleaf weed control compounds provided excellent control of white clover, but were somewhat inconsistent for dandelion control. Broadleaf weed control herbicides that were amended with carfentazone all had faster and better activity than those not amended. The combination of 2,4-D and Drive was found to have particular promise for the control of ground ivy as did herbicides containing carfentrazone. Carfentrazone alone did
not provide acceptable control of any of the broadleaf weed species. All formulations of Dimension from a split application were found to provide the best overall preemergence control of smooth crabgrass compared to most other preemergence treatments. Broadleaf weed control experiments comparing commercial and experimental granular herbicides for efficacy with regard to applications on wet versus dry foliage, revealed that control was reduced when applications were made to dry foliage.
Impacts
This research has shown that certain postmergence herbicides can reduce ground ivy, dandelions, common plantain, and white clover. Combining some materials improved overall control as did those containing carfentazone. Weed control and growth regulator efficacy were enhanced by the addition of Macrosorb Foliar (biostimulant).
Publications
- Borger, J. A., Watschke, T. L., and Brosnan, J. T. 2003. Phytotoxicity on creeping bentgrass in 2002. Abstr. Proc. NEWSS 57:98.
- Borger, J. A., Watschke, T. L., and Brosnan, J. T. 2003. Broadleaf weed control in 2002. Abstr. Proc. NEWSS 57:105.
- Borger, J. A., Watschke, T. L., and Brosnan, J. T. 2003. Seedhead suppression of annual bluegrass. Abstr. Proc. NEWSS 57:106.
- Watschke, T. L., Borger, J. A., and Brosnan, J. T. 2003. Growth regulators on greens height turf. Abstr. Proc. NEWSS 57:107.
- Watschke, T. L., Borger, J. A., and Brosnan, J. T. 2003. Postemergence crabgrass control in 2002. Abstr. Proc. NEWSS 57:103.
- Watschke, T. L., Borger, J. A., and Brosnan, J. T. 2003. Preemergence crabgrass control in 2002. Abstr. Proc. NEWSS 57:104.
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Progress 01/01/02 to 12/31/02
Outputs
The addition of Macrosorb Foliar (a plant bio-stimulant) was found to enhance the activity of the herbicides Acclaim Extra and Drive. It was also found to enhance the activity of plant growth regulators (Embark T & O, Primo Maxx, and Proxy). The enhanced activity of the aforementioned materials allowed each of them to be used at lower than label rates without any comprise in their intended efficacy. Preliminary, it appears that Macrosorb Foliar expedites the movement of some pesticide chemistries into the plant and/or accelerates translocation once absorption has occurred. Several experimental broadleaf weed control compounds provided excellent control of white clover, but were somewhat inconsistent for dandelion control. Broadleaf weed control herbicides that were amended with carfentrazone all had faster and better activity than those not amended. The combination of 2,4-D and Drive was found to have particular promise for the control of ground ivy. The experimental
herbicide mesotrione was not found to have commercially viable crabgrass control activity and caused unacceptable injury to desired turfgrass species. Dimension 40W, from a spit application, was found to provide the best overall preemergence control of smooth crabgrass compared to all other preemergence treatments. Studies were conducted on a dazomet, a soil fumigant used to control weed seed germination in turfgrasses, to determine effective turfgrass seeding intervals following late summer applications. Results revealed that creeping bentgrass can be seeded three days after surface applications of dazomet with no detrimental effects to the seedlings. Clipping yields of creeping bentgrass were greater in plots treated with dazomet compared to control treatments.
Impacts
This research has shown that certain postmergence herbicides can reduce ground ivy, dandelions, common plantain, and white clover. Combining some materials improved overall control and material and training were carfentazone superior to the commercial standards. Weed control and growth regulator efficacy was enhanced by the addition of Macrosorb Foliar.
Publications
- Watschke, T. L., Borger, J. A. and Brosnan, J. T. AS. 2002. Smooth crabgrass control in 2001. Abstr. Proc. NEWSS 56:130.
- Borger, J. A., Watschke, T. L., and Brosnan, J. T. AS. 2002. Preemergence and postemergence control of smooth crabgrass on perennial ryegrass mowed to a fairway height. Abstr. Proc. NEWSS 56:131.
- Borger, J. A., Watschke, T. L., and Brosnan, J. T. AS. 2002. White clover and ground ivy control in 2001. Abstr. Proc. NEWSS 56:133.
- Watschke, T. L., Borger, J. A. and Brosnan, J. T. AS. 2002. Seedhead suppression of annual bluegrass in 2001. Abstr. Proc. NEWSS 56:134-135.
- Watschke, T. L., Borger, J. A. and Brosnan, J. T. AS. 2002. PGR research on fairway height creeping bentgrass in 2001. Abstr. Proc. NEWSS 56:136.
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Progress 01/01/01 to 12/31/01
Outputs
Applications of the commercial standards Momentum, Trimec Classic and Confront, resulted in very good to excellent control of white clover and common plantain, however all of the standards had relatively poor control of dandelion on the last rating date. Treatments from PBI Gordon worked the fastest and also had good dandelion control. The addition of Macro Sorb Foliar to Acclaim Extra appeared to improve efficacy for crabgrass control. Drive provided excellent control of white clover by itself in addition to crabgrass control. The addition of biostimulates improved the level of annual bluegrass seedhead suppression from mefluidide. The activity of Primo growth regulator at half label rate was equal to the full label rate with the addition of Macro Sorb Folicar. The efficacy of Drive was enhanced by some selected adjuvants.
Impacts
This research has shown that certain postmergence herbicides can reduce dandelions, common plantain, and white clover. Combining some materials improved overall control and one experimental material was superior to the commercial standards. Weed control and growth regulator efficacy was enhanced by the addition of certain biostimulant products.
Publications
- Watschke, T. L. and Borger, J. AS. 2001. Broadleaf weed control in 2000. Abstr. Proc. NEWSS 55:97.
- Watschke, T. L. and Borger, J. AS. 2001. Preemergence crabgrass control in 2000. Abstr. Proc. NEWSS 55:103.
- Watschke, T. L. and Borger, J. AS. 2001. Postemergence crabgrass control in 2000. Abstr. Proc. NEWSS 55:105.
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Progress 01/01/00 to 12/31/00
Outputs
Applications of the commercial standards Momentum, Trimec Classic, Confront, and Weed-B-Gone resulted in very good to excellent control of white clover and common plantain, however all of the standards had relatively poor control of dandelion when rated on August 9. Observation of the dandelions 4 to 6-weeks after application revealed apparent good control. However, by the eight-week rating date, many of the dandelions had resprouted from the taproot. All of the treatments had some level of control of common plantain and white clover, but all had limited control of dandelion. Of the series, NB20334 appeared to have best range of control across the three weed species but still not acceptable on dandelion. The addition of Acclaim Extra to Confront did not appear to antagonize efficacy as Acclaim or Preclaim. Drive provided excellent control of white clover by itself. Combining Drive with Momentum (L0338) improved common plantain control slightly. Tank mixing Drive and
Momentum resulted in improved dandelion control compared to Momentum alone, but the control of white clover was decreased. All treatments were reapplied on August 31 and a second rating for control was made on October 6. All treatments provided acceptable dandelion control except NB30405, and the combination of Preclaim and Confront. All treatments provided acceptable plantain control except L-0337 (Drive G) Drive. Only NB30405 failed to provide acceptable control of white clover.
Impacts
This research has shown that certain postemergence herbicides can reduce dandelions, common plantain, and white clover. Combining some materials improved overall control and one experimental material was superior to the commercial standards.
Publications
- Watschke, T. L. and Borger, J. A. 2000. Smooth Crabgrass Control in 1999. Abstr. NEWSS. 54:118-119.
- Watschke, T. L. and Borger, J. A. 2000. Broadleaf Weed Control in 1999. Abstr. NEWSS 54:106.
- Watschke, T. L. and Borger, J. A. 2000. Response of Kentucky Bluegrass and Perennial Ryegrass to the Applications of Ethephon Under Reduced Light Conditions. NEWSS. 54:108-111.
- Watschke, T. L. and Borger, J. A. 2000. Re-Rooting of Four Varieties of Creeping Bentgrass after Applications of Bensulide and Dithiopyr. NEWSS. 54:103-105.
- Watschke, T. L. and Borger, J. A. 2000. Ethofumesate Resistant Creeping Bentgrass. Abstr. NEWSS. 54-100.
- Watschke, T. L. and Borger, J. A. 2000. Control of Poa Annua from Multiple Seasonal Applications of Ethofumesate in 1998 and 1999. Abstr. NEWSS. 54:97.
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