Progress 10/01/13 to 09/30/14
Outputs
Target Audience:The potato industry. Our target audiences are very broad ranging from potato growers and industry personnel seeking highly applied information on new varieties and timely crop production information to multidisciplinary scientists interested in potato genomics. We adjust our communication strategies appropriately to meet the needs of each target audience and we regularly attend extension based and scientific meetings to disseminate timely information nationally and internationally. Changes/Problems:
Nothing Reported
What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided?In addition to training MS and PhD level students, this project typically hires 2-3 undergraduate summer helpers to assist with project activities during project year. This work provides significant real-world plant breeding experiences for the undergraduate and graduate students employed by the project. How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest?Our target audiences are very broad ranging from growers and industry personnel seeking highly applied information on new varieties and timely crop production information to multidisciplinary scientists interested in potato genomics. We adjust our communication strategies appropriately to meet the needs of each target audience and we regularly attend extension based and scientific meetings to disseminate timely information nationally and internationally. What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals?
Nothing Reported
Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals?
1. We cooperated with NE-1231 Regional Potato Variety Development Project evaluating 295 preliminary and advanced clones in on-farm and research station trials. IMPACT: The goal of this project is to identify new potato varieties for use in the mid-Atlantic and SE US. Most major varieties, including Atlantic the dominant chipping variety in the US, have passed through this system. We estimate that these varieties, which occupy ~50% of NC's acreage, generated over $36 million in NC farm-gate receipts during 2013. 2. We conducted collaborative early-generation potato selection trials and continued to refine an on-line database for the US Potato Board (USPB) National Chip Processors Trial (NCPT) network. IMPACT: The NCPT trialing system and database is national in scope and the program is designed to identify and commercialize as rapidly as possible new potato varieties. It has significant grower support and NC State is a key cooperator. 3. We planted 10,619 single-hill and 560 2nd, 3rd, and 4th year selection plots, and selected 426 clones for further evaluation in 2014. IMPACT: New varieties for the mid-Atlantic and SE US will contribute to a more sustainable and profitable potato industry. 4. We continued to develop and expand our web-based databases for our program and the NE-1231 Regional Potato Variety Development Project. IMPACT: These databases provide web access to variety trialing data for growers, extension agents, and other industry members, and it has become a model variety trial database for the other regional potato projects in the US. 5. We continued our Colorado Potato Beetle (CPB) germplasm enhancement project by screening and crossing materials for CPB resistance in collaboration with the USDA-ARS and NDSU. IMPACT: CPB is the major insect pest on potatoes in the US. New varieties with high levels of natural resistance have potential to facilitate production of potatoes with fewer pesticides contributing to the sustainable crop production.
Publications
- Type:
Journal Articles
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2014
Citation:
Haynes K.G., D.M. Gergela, S.Qu, M.W. Peck, G.C. Yencho, M.E. Clough, M.R. Henninger, D.E. Halseth, G.A. Porter, P. C. Ocaya, L. Zotarelli, S.R. Menasha, B.J. Christ, L. Wanner, C.M. Hutchinson. 2014. Elkton: A new potato variety with resistance to internal heat necrosis and hollow heart and suitable for chipping directly from the field in the southern United States. Am. J. Potato Res. 2014. 91:269-276.
- Type:
Other
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2014
Citation:
Yencho, G.C. and M.E. Clough. 2014. NC Potato Variety Trial and Breeding Report. 44pp.
- Type:
Other
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2014
Citation:
Yencho, G.C. and M.E. Clough. 2014. NE-1231 NC Potato Variety Trial Report. 11pp.
|
Progress 10/01/12 to 09/30/13
Outputs
Target Audience: The potato industry. Our target audiences are very broad ranging from potato growers and industry personnel seeking highly applied information on new varieties and timely crop production information to multidisciplinary scientists interested in potato genomics. We adjust our communication strategies appropriately to meet the needs of each target audience and we regularly attend extension based and scientific meetings to disseminate timely information nationally and internationally. Changes/Problems:
Nothing Reported
What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided? In addition to training MS and PhD level students, this project typically hires 2-3 undergraduate summer helpers to assist with project activities during project year. This work provides significant real-world plant breeding experiences for the undergraduate and graduate students employed by the project How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest? Our target audiences are very broad ranging from growers and industry personnel seeking highly applied information on new varieties and timely crop production information to multidisciplinary scientists interested in potato genomics. We adjust our communication strategies appropriately to meet the needs of each target audience and we regularly attend extension based and scientific meetings to disseminate timely information nationally and internationally. Conducted four on-farm potato trials with extension agents in Pasquotank and Tyrrell Counties. One of the lead PI’s in the US Potato Board’s National Chip Processor’s Trialing Network an 11 state potato variety development effort supported by the USPB and the US Snack Food Association. Potato EXPO - 2013 – Manned a potato promotion booth for North Carolina potatoes and the NCSU potato breeding program – Jan 8-11, 2014 4-H Agent Potato Tour – Jan 18, 2013 Instructed and demonstrated in the techniques of potato breeding to Northeast Regional School for Biotechnology and Agriculture HighSchool freshman class , Feb 18 to Mar 25, 2013. What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals? We will continue to aggressively pursue the program's breeding goals stated above, seek new sources of support to advance potato breeding and genomics research, and develop new public, private partnerships with industry and other engaged clientele in the US and abroad.
Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals?
The goal of this project is to develop potato cultivars that are adapted to NC and the SE US. We are a NE1231 project member and collaborate with the USDA-ARS, Univ. of Maine (UME) and Cornell University (CU) potato breeding programs, as well as other US potato breeding programs. Our common goal is the development of high yielding, disease and insect resistant, table- and chip-stock potato varieties for farmers in the eastern US. Because our research sites are located in the hot, humid, lower coastal areas of the mid-Atlantic, we expect to develop materials that will perform well in the broader southeastern US geographic region. Breeding Program - Our crossing block, mini-tuber production and early-generation selection research is conducted in the greenhouses and fields of the NCDACS Tidewater Research Station/NCSU Vernon James Research and Extension Center (TRS/VJREC), Plymouth. NC. Clones that survive 4 cycles (years) of selection as 1-, 6-, 20-, and 60-plant plots are entered into preliminary and advanced yield trials in research station and on-farm sites. During 2013, we evaluated a total of 324 advanced and preliminary clones in on-farm and research station yield trials. Twenty-eight of these were NE-1231 entries, seventeen were entries from the Snack Food Association, and the remainder were preliminary lines from the USDA-ARS BARC, Univ. of Maine, Cornell University, Michigan State University and NCSU potato breeding programs. The trials are described in detail in our NC Potato Variety Trial and Breeding Report 2013 (44 pp.), which has been mailed to our extension, research and industry cooperators. This report is also available on our website at: http://potatoes.ncsu.edu. Germplasm Development - In our Colorado potato beetle (CPB) nursery we continued our project to select and screen specific families with potential CPB resistance. We planted 867 2-hill plots for selection purposes and also planted a duplicate set in our CPB nursery for resistance screening. The data collected in the nursery was used as a major but not exclusive selection criteria, resulting in 47 clones which will be advanced for CPB screening as two replicated 3-hill plots (2by3 trial), and for parallel horticultural adaptation selection as non-replicated 6-hill plots in 2013. In this year’s 2by3 trial, 36 clones were evaluated for CPB resistance and adaptation in our non-replicated 6-hill plots simultaneously. After making our selections in both of these trials, we decided to advance 7 clones to next year’s screening trial of three replications with 5-hills each (3by5 trial) and for parallel horticultural adaptation selection as non-replicated 20-hill plots in 2012. In this years 3by5 trial we evaluated 17 clones for CPB resistance and for adaptation in our non-replicated 20-hill plots simultaneously. We selected 8 clones for advancement to next year’s four replications by 10-hills (4by10) and our non-replicated 60-hill trial. In this year's 4by10 we had a total of 10 clones. The 4by10 trial is our most advanced screening trial and the most advanced clones will remain in this trial until testing is determined complete Outcomes/IMPACTs: The NCSU potato breeding program conducts research focused on identifying and developing potato varieties for NC growers. As part of this effort we collaborate with other programs in the US and Canada, and we are a key evaluation site for the Eastern regional and national variety development programs all of which are focused on identifying new varieties for potato farmers in the east. In 2013 in the Eastern regional project we evaluated 28 advanced clones in replicated yield trials. In national trials, with support from the Snack Food Association and US Potato Board we evaluated 17 varieties, and for the National Chip Processors Trials we screened 153 early generation clones. For the regional and national programs NCSU also acts as the data repository, compiling information from all programs involved into online searchable databases (http://potatoes.ncsu.edu). Farmers can use this database to obtain the most current information on potential new varieties that they are interested in producing. Two advanced clones from the University of Maine have performed well in NC during the last several years. AF0338-17, released in 2013 as Sebec, and AF4157-6 were evaluated in 0.5 acre trials in NC during 2013 with growers, and both of these have been identified as promising chippers in NC and have received favorable comments from chip processors. A promising red from Cornell University, Strawberry Paw (tested as NY136), was also released this year, this clone would not have been release had it not been for interest from NC (growers and NCSU), it has an exceptional red skin and good yields. From our own breeding program we are moving forward with virus clean up of NC0349-3, a chip type, for seed production and eventual distribution to NC growers for larger scale trials in 2014-2015.
Publications
- Type:
Journal Articles
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2013
Citation:
Haynes, K.G., D.M. Gergela, X.S. Qu, M.W. Peck, G.C. Yencho, M.E. Clough, M.R. Henninger, D.E. Halseth, G.A. Porter, P.C. Ocaya, L. Zotarelli, S. R. Menasha, B.J. Christ, L. Wanner, C. M. Hutchinson. 2013. Elkton: A new potato variety with resistance to internal heat necrosis and hollow heart and suitable for chipping directly from the field in the southern United States. Am. J. Potato Res. DOI 10.1007/s12230-013-9347-7.
- Type:
Other
Status:
Other
Year Published:
2013
Citation:
Yencho, G.C. and M.E. Clough. 2013. NC Potato Variety Trial and Breeding Report. 44pp.
- Type:
Other
Status:
Other
Year Published:
2013
Citation:
Yencho, G.C. and M.E. Clough. 2013. Progress Report to the NC Potato Association, 13 pp.
- Type:
Other
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2013
Citation:
Yencho, G.C. and M.E. Clough. 2013. NE-1231 NC Potato Variety Trial Report. 11pp.
- Type:
Other
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2013
Citation:
Yencho, G.C. and M.E. Clough. 2013. Snack Food Association NC Potato Variety Trial Report. 11pp.
- Type:
Websites
Status:
Other
Year Published:
2013
Citation:
http://potatoes.ncsu.edu/
|
Progress 10/01/11 to 09/30/12
Outputs
OUTPUTS: The goal of this project is to develop potato cultivars that are adapted to NC and the SE US. We are a NE1231 project member and collaborate with the USDA-ARS, Univ. of Maine (UME) and Cornell University (CU) potato breeding programs, as well as other US potato breeding programs. Our common goal is the development of high yielding, disease and insect resistant, table- and chip-stock potato varieties for farmers in the eastern US. Because our research sites are located in the hot, humid, lower coastal areas of the mid-Atlantic, we expect to develop materials that will perform well in the broader southeastern US geographic region. Breeding Program - Our crossing block, mini-tuber production and early-generation selection research is conducted in the greenhouses and fields of the NCDACS Tidewater Research Station/NCSU Vernon James Research and Extension Center (TRS/VJREC), Plymouth. NC. Clones that survive 4 cycles (years) of selection as 1-, 6-, 20-, and 60-plant plots are entered into preliminary and advanced yield trials in research station and on-farm sites. During 2012, we planted 13,000 single-hills and selected 287 clones, a 2.2 percent selection rate. Of the 338 clones in our 6-hill plots, 53 were advanced, in the 20-hill plots, 29 clones were planted and 11 advanced, and in our 60-hill plots, 26 clones were planted and 14 advanced. The detailed results of our breeding trials are in our annual potato breeding report, which can be viewed and downloaded at our website http://potatoes.ncsu.edu. Germplasm Development - Our Colorado potato beetle (CPB) germplasm enhancement project seeks to introgress CPB resistance derived from ber and chc into cultivated potato. In 2012, we planted 839 duplicate two-hill plots - one each for agronomic selection and CPB resistance screening - cycle 1 screening. A total of 36 clones were advanced to the 2nd cycle for CPB resistance screening and for parallel horticultural adaptation selection as non-replicated 6-hill plots in 2012. In our 2nd cycle trial, 59 clones were evaluated and 15 clones advanced to the 3rd cycle of screening, which incorporates 3 replications of 5 plants per plot with parallel horticultural adaptation selection as non-replicated 20-plant plots. In the 3rd cycle trial we evaluated 3 clones in this format and 1 was selected for trialing in the 4th cycle as 4 replications by 10-hills (4by10) in our CPB plots and as un-replicated 60-plant trial. Our 4th cycle trials are also open to collaborators. This year we had clones from NDSU, a private breeder clone from the UME, and our own materials for a total of 19 clones. This trial is our most advanced screening trial and the most advanced clones will remain in this trial until testing is determined complete. Variety Evaluation - During 2012, we evaluated 314 preliminary and advanced clones in 10 yield trials. The evaluations were conducted either on-farm, and-or at the TRS-VGJREC. We typically evaluate advanced clones at more than one site in NC. The results of the yield trials are in our annual potato breeding report which can be viewed and downloaded at our website http://potatoes.ncsu.edu. PARTICIPANTS: Dr. Craig Yencho, Professor and Leader of the Sweetpotato and Potato Breeding and Genetics Program and Mr. Mark Clough, a Researcher assigned to the Potato Breeeding Project serve as Co-PI's of this project. In alphabetical order, we collaborate with the following scientists (in the following capacity) Dr. Walter DeJong, Associate Professor, Potato Breeding and Genetics, Cornell University (potato breeding and genetics, early generation selection, NIFA SolCAP Project, marker-assisted selection, potato phenotyping) Dr. David Douches, Professor, Potato Breeding and Genetics, Univ. of Michigan (potato breeding and genetics, early generation selection, NIFA SolCAP Project, marker-assisted selection, potato phenotyping) Mr. Douglas Gergela, Potato Specialist, Univ. of Florida (potato breeding and genetics, early generation selection) Dr. Don Halseth, Associate Professor, Potato Cultural Management, Cornell University (potato breeding and genetics, early generation selection) Dr. Kathleen Haynes, Research Geneticist, Potato Breeding and Genetics, USDA-ARS BARC (potato breeding and genetics, early generation selection) Dr. Rich Novy, Research Geneticist, Potato Breeding and Genetics, USDA-ARS, Aberdeen (potato breeding and genetics, NIFA SolCAP Project, marker-assisted selection, potato phenotyping) Dr. Greg Porter, Professor, Potato Breeding and Cultural Management, Univ of Maine (potato breeding and genetics, early generation selection) Dr. Bryon Sosinski, Associate Professor, Horticultural Genomics, NC State University (potato genomics, marker-assisted selection) Dr. Susie Thompson, Associate Professor, Potato Breeding, North Dakota State University (potato breeding and genetics, early generation selection, CPB resistance screening) Our research is supported by the following federal research grants: USDA NIFA Potato Special Research Grants entitled: Integrated Potato Breeding and Variety Development to Enhance Pest Resistance and Marketing Opportunities in the Eastern United States. (Sub-award via Univ. of Maine) USDA NIFA SolCAP Project entitled: SolCAP: Translating Solanaceae Sequence Diversity and Trait Variation into Applied Outcomes Through Integrative Research, Education, and Extension (Sub-award via Michigan State Univ.) Our research is supported by the following industry groups: The North Carolina Potato Association The US Potato Board The US Snack Food Association Utz Foods Training or Professional Development In addition to training MS and PhD level students, this project typically hires 2-3 undergraduate summer helpers to assist with project activities during project year. This work provides significant real-world plant breeding experiences for the undergraduate and graduate students employed by the project. TARGET AUDIENCES: Our target audiences are very broad ranging from growers and industry personnel seeking highly applied information on new varieties and timely crop production information to multidisciplinary scientists interested in potato genomics. We adjust our communication strategies appropriately to meet the needs of each target audience and we regularly attend extension based and scientific meetings to disseminate timely information nationally and internationally. PROJECT MODIFICATIONS: Nothing significant to report during this reporting period.
Impacts
This project enables us to conduct collaborative potato breeding research with an emphasis on adaptation for the mid-Atlantic and southeastern US and to evaluate the performance of newly released varieties and advanced clones from other programs in NC. Several advanced clones and newly release varieties are currently being evaluated in commercial scale trials on-farm for their potential across the US. The most promising chipstock lines include: AF0338-17, BNC182-5, Beacon Chipper, Dakota Crisp, Elkton, NC0349-3, Lamoka and Waneta. And, the most promising red-skinned tablestock clones are: Dark Red Chieftain, Red Maria, and NY136. All of these will be evaluated under variable commercial production conditions extensively during 2013 and onward.
Publications
- Yencho, G.C. and M.E. Clough. 2012. North Carolina Potato Variety Trial and Breeding Report, 2011. NC State University, Raleigh, NC. 42pp. http://potatoes.ncsu.edu/Reports.html
|
Progress 10/01/10 to 09/30/11
Outputs
OUTPUTS: The goal of this project is to develop potato cultivars that are adapted to NC and the SE US. We are NE1031 Project member and we collaborate with the USDA-ARS, Univ. of Maine (ME) and Cornell University (CU) potato breeding programs, as well as other US potato breeding programs. Breeding Program - Our breeding efforts begin with greenhouse crossing in Plymouth, NC. Clones that survive 4 cycles of selection as 6-, 20-, and 60-hill plots are entered into preliminary and advanced yield trials in research station and on-farm sites. During 2011, we planted 12,966 single-hills and selected 270 clones, a 2.1% selection rate. Out of the 180 clones in our 6-hill plots, 25 (14%) were selected. In the 20-hill plots, 62 clones were planted with 26 (42%) being selected. In our 60-hill plots, 13 clones were planted and 9 (69%) were selected. Germplasm Development - Our Colorado potato beetle (CPB) germplasm enhancement project seeks to introgress CPB resistance derived from ber and chc into cultivated potato. The project began in 1998 using materials obtained from the USDA Potato Genebank, the USDA-ARS BARC, and CU. During 2010, we planted 637 two-hill plots for agronomic selection and a duplicate set in our CPB nursery for resistance screening. The data collected in the nursery was used as a major but not exclusive selection criteria, resulting in 61 clones advanced for CPB screening as two replicated 3-hill plots (2by3 trial), and for parallel horticultural adaptation selection as non-replicated 6-hill plots in 2012. In our 2011 2by3 trial, 76 clones were evaluated for CPB resistance and adaptation simultaneously. After making our selections in both of these trials, we decided to advance 3 clones to next year's screening trial of three replications with 5-hills each (3by5 trial) and for parallel horticultural adaptation selection as non-replicated 20-hill plots in 2012. In this year's 3by5 trial we evaluated 11 clones for CPB resistance and adaptation in our non-replicated 20-hill plots simultaneously. Six clones were advanced. The 3by10 trial is open to collaborators in other states to submit materials for screening. The 2011 trial included clones from North Dakota State University, the University of Maine and our own materials. In this year's 3by10 we had a total of 14 clones, 6 were from NC and four of those were selected for evaluation next year. The 3by10 trial is our most advanced screening trial and the most advanced clones will remain in this trial until testing is determined complete. Variety Evaluation - During 2011, we evaluated 317 preliminary and advanced clones in 10 yield trials. The evaluations were conducted either on-farm, and/or at the TRS-VGJREC. We typically evaluate advanced clones at more than one site in NC. The results of the yield trials are in our annual potato breeding report which can be viewed and downloaded at our website http://potatoes.ncsu.edu. PARTICIPANTS: Dr. Craig Yencho, Professor and Leader of the Sweetpotato and Potato Breeding and Genetics Program and Mr. Mark Clough, a Researcher assigned to the Potato Breeeding Project serve as Co-PI's of this project. In alphabetical order, we collaborate with the following scientists (in the following capacity) Dr. Walter DeJong, Associate Professor, Potato Breeding and Genetics, Cornell University (potato breeding and genetics, early generation selection, NIFA SolCAP Project, marker-assisted selection, potato phenotyping) Dr. David Douches, Professor, Potato Breeding and Genetics, Univ. of Michigan (potato breeding and genetics, early generation selection, NIFA SolCAP Project, marker-assisted selection, potato phenotyping) Mr. Douglas Gergela, Potato Specialist, Univ. of Florida (potato breeding and genetics, early generation selection) Dr. Don Halseth, Associate Professor, Potato Cultural Management, Cornell University (potato breeding and genetics, early generation selection) Dr. Kathleen Haynes, Research Geneticist, Potato Breeding and Genetics, USDA-ARS BARC (potato breeding and genetics, early generation selection) Dr. Melvin Henninger, Associate Professor, Potato Cultural Management, Rutgers University (potato breeding and genetics, early generation selection) Dr. Rich Novy, Research Geneticist, Potato Breeding and Genetics, USDA-ARS, Aberdeen (potato breeding and genetics, NIFA SolCAP Project, marker-assisted selection, potato phenotyping) Dr. Greg Porter, Professor, Potato Breeding and Cultural Management, Univ of Maine (potato breeding and genetics, early generation selection) Dr. Bryon Sosinski, Associate Professor, Horticultural Genomics, NC State University (potato genomics, marker-assisted selection) Dr. Susie Thompson, Associate Professor, Potato Breeding, North Dakota State University (potato breeding and genetics, early generation selection, CPB resistance screening) Our research is supported by the following federal research grants: USDA NIFA Potato Special Research Grants entitled: Integrated Potato Breeding and Variety Development to Enhance Pest Resistance and Marketing Opportunities in the Eastern United States. (Sub-award via Univ. of Maine) USDA NIFA SolCAP Project entitled: SolCAP: Translating Solanaceae Sequence Diversity and Trait Variation into Applied Outcomes Through Integrative Research, Education, and Extension (Sub-award via Michigan State Univ.) Our research is supported by the following industry groups: The North Carolina Potato Association The US Potato Board The US Snack Food Association Utz Foods TARGET AUDIENCES: Our target audiences are very broad ranging from growers and industry personnel seeking highly applied information on new varieties and timely crop production information to multidisciplinary scientists interested in potato genomics. We adjust our communication strategies appropriately to meet the needs of each target audience and we regularly attend extension based and scientific meetings to disseminate timely information nationally and internationally. PROJECT MODIFICATIONS: Nothing significant to report during this reporting period.
Impacts
This project enables us to conduct collaborative potato breeding research with an emphasis on adaptation for the mid-Atlantic and southeastern US and to evaluate the performance of newly released varieties and advanced clones in NC. Harley Blackwell, recently released by the USDA-ARS in cooperation with NC and several other states, is a chipping-tablestock clone that yields as well as Atlantic and has a similar SG, but with much lower levels of IHN compared to Atlantic. During the 2010-2011 seasons, Harley Blackwell was planted in many locations commercially. In NC, Harley Blackwell provided favorable commercial-scale results as an IHN resistant, chipping cultivar, producing marketable yields 104% those of Atlantic. We expect the acreage planted to Harley Blackwell in the SE US will increase in 2012 due to its performance in 2011. Likewise, the clones NY138 and NY139 from Cornell University, which were screened in this program along with others, were released as Waneta and Lamoka, respectively during 2011. Both are chipping varieties and they will be evaluated under commercial production conditions extensively during 2012 and onward.
Publications
- McCord, P.H., B.R. Sosinski, K.G. Haynes, M.E. Clough, and G.C. Yencho. 2011. Linkage mapping and QTL analysis of agronomic traits in tetraploid potato (Solanum tuberosum L. subsp. tuberosum). Crop Science. 51:771-785.
- McCord, P.H., B.R. Sosinski, K.G. Haynes, M.E. Clough, and G.C. Yencho. 2011. QTL mapping of internal heat necrosis (IHN) in tetraploid potato. Theoretical and Applied Genetics. 122:129-142
- Yencho, G.C. and M.E. Clough. 2011. North Carolina Potato Variety Trial and Breeding Report, 2011. NC State University, Raleigh, NC. 46pp. < http://potatoes.ncsu.edu/Reports.html
|
Progress 10/01/09 to 09/30/10
Outputs
OUTPUTS: The goal of this project is to develop potato cultivars that are adapted to NC and the SE US. We are NE1031 Project member and we collaborate with the USDA-ARS, Univ. of Maine (ME) and Cornell University (CU) potato breeding programs, as well as other US potato breeding programs. Breeding Program - Our breeding efforts begin with greenhouse crossing in Plymouth. NC. Planting, selection and advance to 6-, 20-, and 60-hill plots depends on performance at each stage over 4 years. Clones that survive 4 cycles of selection are entered into preliminary and advanced yield trials in research station and on-farm sites. This year, 13,260 single-hills were planted and 108 clones selected averaging a 0.8% selection rate. From the 872 clones in our 6-hill plots, 60 (6.9%) were selected. In the 20-hill plots, 73 clones were planted and 14 (19%) were selected. In our 60-hill plots, 15 clones were planted and 4 (27%) were selected. Germplasm Development - Our Colorado potato beetle (CPB) germplasm enhancement project seeks to introgress CPB resistance derived from ber and chc into cultivated potato. The project began in 1998 using materials obtained from the USDA Potato Genebank, the USDA-ARS BARC, and CU. During 2010, we planted 1,432 2-hill plots for agronomic selection purposes and a duplicate set was planted for CPB nursery resistance screening. The data collected in the nursery was used as a major but not exclusive selection criteria, resulting in 76 clones advanced for CPB screening as two replicated 3-hill plots (2by3 trial), and for parallel adaptation selection as non-replicated 6-hill plots in 2011. In this year's 2by3 trial, 67 clones were evaluated for CPB resistance and adaptation in our non-replicated 6-hill plots simultaneously. After selections in both of these trials, we advanced 10 clones to next year's screening trial of three replications with 5-hills (3by5 trial) and for parallel horticultural adaptation selection as non-replicated 20-hill plots in 2011. In this year's 3by5 trial we evaluated 28 clones for CPB resistance and adaptation in non-replicated 20-hill plots simultaneously. We selected 5 clones for advancement to next year's 3by10 and our non-replicated 60-hill trial. The 3by10 trial is open to collaborators in other states. This year's trial included clones from NDSU, a clone submitted for evaluation by the UM and our own materials and totaled 14 clones. Variety Evaluation - During 2010, 292 advanced and preliminary clones were evaluated in yield trials. Thirty-one of these were NE-1031 entries, 13 were entries from the Snack Food Association, 11 were from NCSU and the remainder were preliminary lines from USDA-ARS BARC, UM, CU, and MSU. The trials are described in detail in our 2010 NC Potato Variety Trial and Breeding Report, which was mailed to extension, research and industry cooperators and is on our website http://potatoes.ncsu.edu. The most promising lines included the round white, chipstock clones: AF0338-17, Harley Blackwell, NC0349-8, NCB2497-17, and NY140. The tablestock clones: NY136 (red skin, white flesh) and Vivaldi (tan skin yellow flesh), and B2152-17 (red skin, yellow flesh). PARTICIPANTS: Dr. Craig Yencho, Professor and Leader of the Sweetpotato and Potato Breeding and Genetics Program and Mr. Mark Clough, a Researcher assigned to the Potato Breeeding Project serve as Co-PI's of this project. In alphabetical order, we collaborate with the following scientists (in the following capacity) Dr. Walter DeJong, Associate Professor, Potato Breeding and Genetics, Cornell University (potato breeding and genetics, early generation selection, NIFA SolCAP Project, marker-assisted selection, potato phenotyping) Dr. David Douches, Professor, Potato Breeding and Genetics, Univ. of Michigan (potato breeding and genetics, early generation selection, NIFA SolCAP Project, marker-assisted selection, potato phenotyping) Mr. Douglas Gergela, Potato Specialist, Univ. of Florida (potato breeding and genetics, early generation selection) Dr. Don Halseth, Associate Professor, Potato Cultural Management, Cornell University (potato breeding and genetics, early generation selection) Dr. Kathleen Haynes, Research Geneticist, Potato Breeding and Genetics, USDA-ARS BARC (potato breeding and genetics, early generation selection) Dr. Melvin Henninger, Associate Professor, Potato Cultural Management, Rutgers University (potato breeding and genetics, early generation selection) Dr. Rich Novy, Research Geneticist, Potato Breeding and Genetics, USDA-ARS, Aberdeen (potato breeding and genetics, NIFA SolCAP Project, marker-assisted selection, potato phenotyping) Dr. Greg Porter, Professor, Potato Breeding and Cultural Management, Univ of Maine (potato breeding and genetics, early generation selection) Dr. Bryon Sosinski, Associate Professor, Horticultural Genomics, NC State University (potato genomics, marker-assisted selection) Dr. Susie Thompson, Associate Professor, Potato Breeding, North Dakota State University (potato breeding and genetics, early generation selection, CPB resistance screening) Our research is supported by the following federal research grants: USDA NIFA Potato Special Research Grants entitled: Integrated Potato Breeding and Variety Development to Enhance Pest Resistance and Marketing Opportunities in the Eastern United States. (Sub-award via Univ. of Maine) USDA NIFA SolCAP Project entitled: SolCAP: Translating Solanaceae Sequence Diversity and Trait Variation into Applied Outcomes Through Integrative Research, Education, and Extension (Sub-award via Michigan State Univ.) Our research is supported by the following industry groups: The North Carolina Potato Association The US Potato Board The US Snack Food Association Utz Foods TARGET AUDIENCES: Our target audiences are very broad ranging from growers and industry personnel seeking highly applied information on new varieties and timely crop production information to multidisciplinary scientists interested in potato genomics. We adjust our communication strategies appropriately to meet the needs of each target audience and we regularly attend extension based and scientific meetings to disseminate timely information nationally and internationally. PROJECT MODIFICATIONS: Not relevant to this project.
Impacts
This project enables us to conduct collaborative potato breeding research with an emphasis on adaptation for the mid-Atlantic and southeastern US and to evaluate the performance of newly released varieties and advanced clones in NC. Harley Blackwell, recently released by the USDA-ARS in cooperation with NC and several other states, is a chipping/tablestock clone that yields as well as Atlantic and has a similar SG, but with much lower levels of IHN compared to Atlantic. During the 2008-2009 seasons, Harley Blackwell was planted in many locations commercially. In NC, Harley Blackwell provided favorable commercial-scale results as an IHN resistant, chipping cultivar, producing marketable yields 104% those of Atlantic. We expect the acreage planted to Harley Blackwell in the SE US will increase in 2009-2010 due to its performance in 2007-2009. Likewise, the purple-skinned, yellow-fleshed specialty clone B1816-5 was released as Peter Wilcox in 2007-2008. This variety is being increased for commercial production by several certified seed growers. Likewise, the clones NY138 and NY139 from Cornell University, which were screened in this program along with others, are scheduled for release as name varieties in 2011.
Publications
- Clough, M., G. Yencho, B. Christ, W. DeJong, D. Halseth, K. Haynes, M. Henninger, C. Hutchinson, M. Kleinhenz, G. Porter, and R. Veilleux. 2010. An interactive online database for potato varieties evaluated in the eastern US. HortTechnology 20:245-249.
- Yencho, G.C. and M.E. Clough. 2010. North Carolina Potato Variety Trial and Breeding Report, 2009. NC State University, Raleigh, NC. 41 pp. (http://potatoes.ncsu.edu/Reports.html)
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Progress 10/01/08 to 09/30/09
Outputs
OUTPUTS: The goal of the this project is to develop potato cultivars that are adapted to NC and the SE US. We are a member of the NE1031 Regional Potato Variety Development Project, and we collaborate with the USDA-ARS, Univ. of Maine (ME) and Cornell University (NY) potato breeding programs, as well as other potato breeding programs in the US. Our research outputs for 2009 are as follows. Breeding Program - Our efforts to develop varieties begin with crossing in our greenhouses in Plymouth. NC. This year we planted 20,106 single-hills, the most that we have ever planted in the program. We selected 806 clones (4.0%) from these materials. From the 627 clones planted in our 2nd yr. 6-hill plots, 69 (11%) were selected for future evaluation. From the 67 clones planted in our 3rd yr. 20-hill plots 15 (22%) were selected for further evaluation, while in our 4th yr. 60-hill plots, 2 (22%) of 9 were selected. Germplasm Development - Our Colorado potato beetle (CPB) germplasm enhancement project seeks to introgress CPB resistance derived from Solanum berthaultii and S. chacoense into cultivated potato. The project began in 1998 using materials obtained from the USDA-ARS Potato Genebank, the USDA-ARS BARC, and Cornell University. We screen lines for resistance and adaptation using a rapid advance strategy that consists of simultaneous selection for CPB resistance and adaptation using separate plots planted the same year. In 2009 in our cycle 1 materials (1st yr. of selection) we planted 1,432 duplicate 2-hill plots, one plot each for agronomic and CPB selection. We advanced 66 for more CPB and agronomic screening. Cycle 2 selections are evaluated the following year as two 3-hill plots and unreplicated 6-hill plots, respectively. In our 2009 cycle 2 materials, 115 clones were evaluated and 20 were advanced. For cycle 3, 15 clones were evaluated for CPB resistance as three 5-hill plots and for adaptation as unreplicated 20-hill plots and 3 were selected. These will be advanced for CPB screening using three 10-hill plots and agronomic selection as unreplicated 60-hill plots before entry into variety trials. Variety Evaluation - During 2009, we evaluated 220 advanced and preliminary clones in yield trials in NC. Twenty-six were NE1031 entries, 12 were from the US Potato Board-Snack Food Assoc. trials, 14 were from our breeding program, and the remainder were from the USDA-ARS, ME, NY, and MI breeding programs. The results are described in detail in our breeding report, which has been distributed to extension, research and industry cooperators. The most promising lines included the round white, chipstock clones: Dakota Crisp, Harley Blackwell, Marcy, NC0349-8, NCB2497-17, and NY140. The tablestock clones: NY136 (red skin, white flesh) and Vivaldi (tan skin yellow flesh), and B2152-17 (red skin, yellow flesh). For a more complete description please see our website http://potatoes.ncsu.edu. PARTICIPANTS: Project Participants Dr. G. Craig Yencho, PI Professor and Program Leader, Sweetpotato and Potato Breeding and Genetics Projects, NC State University, Raleigh, NC. Mr. Mark Clough, (co-PI) Researcher, Potato Breeding and Genetics Project, NC State University, Plymouth, NC. Collaborators Dr. Bryon Sosinski, Associate Professor, Horticultural Genomics, NC State University Dr. George G. Kennedy, Professor of Entomology, NC State University Dr. Kathleen Haynes, Research Geneticist- Potato Breeder, USDA-ARS BARC Dr. Gregory Porter, Dept. of Plant, Soil, and Environmental Sciences, Univ. of Maine Dr. Walter DeJong, Dept. of Plant Breeding and Biometry, Cornell University TARGET AUDIENCES: Our target audiences are very broad ranging from growers and industry personnel seeking highly applied information on new varieties and timely crop production information to multidisciplinary scientists interested in potato genomics. We adjust our communication strategies appropriately to meet the needs of each target audience and we regularly attend extension based and scientific meetings to disseminate timely information nationally and internationally. PROJECT MODIFICATIONS: Nothing significant to report during this reporting period.
Impacts
This project enables us to conduct collaborative potato breeding research with an emphasis on adaptation for the mid-Atlantic and southeastern US and to evaluate the performance of newly released varieties and advanced clones in NC. Harley Blackwell, recently released by the USDA-ARS in cooperation with NC and several other states, is a chipping/tablestock clone that yields as well as Atlantic and has a similar SG, but with much lower levels of IHN compared to Atlantic. During the 2008-2009 seasons, Harley Blackwell was planted in many locations commercially. In NC, Harley Blackwell provided favorable commercial-scale results as an IHN resistant, chipping cultivar, producing marketable yields 104% those of Atlantic. We expect the acreage planted to Harley Blackwell in the SE US will increase in 2009-2010 due to its performance in 2007-2009. Likewise, the purple-skinned, yellow-fleshed specialty clone B1816-5 was released as Peter Wilcox in 2007-2008. This variety is being increased for commercial production by several certified seed growers.
Publications
- Clough, M., Yencho, G., Christ, B., DeJong, W., Halseth, D., Haynes, K., Henninger, M., Hutchinson, C., Kleinhenz, M., Porter, G., and Veilleux, R. 2010. An interactive online database for potato varieties evaluated in the eastern US. HortTechnology 20:245-249.
- McCord, P.H. 2009. Genetic, Genomic, and Transgenic Approaches to Understand Internal Heat Necrosis in Potato. Dept. of Horticultural Science. PhD Dissertation. (Co-Chairs, Drs. G.C. Yencho and Dr. B.R. Sosinski.)
- Yencho, G.C. and Clough, M.E. 2009. North Carolina Potato Variety Trial and Breeding Report, 2009. NC State University, Raleigh, NC. 48 pp. http://potatoes.ncsu.edu/Reports.html
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Progress 10/01/07 to 09/30/08
Outputs
OUTPUTS: Our research is conducted in collaboration with the USDA Cooperative States Research Extension and Education Service NE1031 Multi-state Potato Variety Development and Evaluation Project. The overall objective of the NE1031 Project is to develop high yielding, disease and insect resistant, table- and chip-stock potato varieties for potato growers in the eastern US. The objective of the NC State University variety development and breeding program is to evaluate germplasm, and select and develop adapted potato varieties that are suitable for use by North Carolina growers, and the SE US potato industry in general. Our program focuses on two areas:the development of new potato germplasm and varieties through collaborative early-generation breeding and selection projects with the USDA-ARS, Cornell University and the University of Maine; and the evaluation of preliminary and advanced breeding clones for adaptation to NC from a wide range of potato breeding programs in the US and Canada. Our in-house efforts to develop varieties begins with crossing in the greenhouses at the NC Dept. of Agric. and Consumer Services Tidewater Res. Stn./NC State Univ. Vernon G. James Res. and Ext. Ctr. (TRS/VGJREC) in Plymouth. NC. Subsequent planting, selection and advancement to 6-hill, 20-hill, and 60-hill plots depend on relative performance at each of these stages over a period of four years. Clones that survive the first four cycles of selection are then entered into preliminary and advanced yield trials conducted at the TRS/VGJREC and on-farm, which are also maintained in a 160-hill plots for seed increase. This year, 15,121 single-hills were planted and 512 clones were selected averaging a 3.4% selection rate. Out of the 606 clones in our 6-hill plots, 67 (11%) were selected for future evaluation. In the 20-hill plots, 57 clones were planted with 9 (16%) being selected for further evaluation. In our 60-hill plots, 20 clones were planted and 5 (25%) were selected. During 2008, in our Colorado potato beetle nursery we continued our project to select and screen specific families with potential Colorado potato beetle resistance. We planted 1,605 2-hill plots for selection purposes and also planted a tandem set in our Colorado potato beetle nursery for resistance screening. The data collected in the nursery was used as a major but not exclusive selection criteria, resulting in 112 clones which will be advanced for CPB screening as two replicated 3-hill plots, and for parallel horticultural adaptation selection as unreplicated 6-hill plots in 2009. In this year's replicated CPB screening trial 97 clones were evaluated for CPB resistance as two 3-hill plots and for adaptation in unreplicated 6-hill plots simultaneously. After making our selections in both of these trials, we decided to advance 15 clones. In our 14 yield trials, we evaluated 222 preliminary and advanced clones. The evaluations were conducted either on-farm, and/or at the TRS/VGJREC. We typically evaluate advanced clones at more than one site in NC. The results of the yield trials are summarized and can be viewed and downloaded at our website http://potatoes.ncsu.edu/. PARTICIPANTS: Project Participants Dr. G. Craig Yencho, PI Associate Professor and Leader Sweetpotato and Potato Breeding and Genetics Projects, NC State University Mr. Mark Clough, (co-PI) Researcher, Potato Breeding and Genetics Project, NC State University Collaborators Dr. Bryon Sosinski, Associate Professor, Horticultural Genomics, NC State University Dr. George G. Kennedy, Professor of Entomology, NC State University Dr. Kathleen Haynes, Research Geneticist - Potato Breeder, USDA-ARS BARC TARGET AUDIENCES: Our target audiences are very broad ranging from growers and industry personnel seeking highly applied information on new varieties and timely crop production information to multidisciplinary scientists interested in potato genomics. We adjust our communication strategies appropriately to meet the needs of each target audience and we regularly attend extension based and scientific meetings to disseminate timely information nationally and internationally. PROJECT MODIFICATIONS: Nothing significant to report during this reporting period.
Impacts
This project enables us to conduct collaborative potato breeding research in the eastern US and to evaluate the performance of newly released varieties and advanced clones in NC. Harley Blackwell, recently released by the USDA-ARS in cooperation with NC and several other states, is a chipping/tablestock clone that yields as well as Atlantic and has a similar SG, but with much lower levels of IHN compared to Atlantic. During the 2007-2008 seasons, Harley Blackwell was planted in many locations commercially. In NC, Harley Blackwell provided favorable commercial-scale results as an IHN resistant, chipping cultivar, producing marketable yields 104% those of Atlantic. We expect the acreage planted to Harley Blackwell in the SE US will increase in 2009 due to its performance in 2007-2008. Likewise, the purple-skinned, yellow-fleshed specialty clone B1816-5 was released as Peter Wilcox in 2007-2008. This variety is being increased for commercial production by several certified seed growers.
Publications
- Yencho, G.C., McCord, P.H., Haynes, K.G., and Sterrett, S.B. 2008. Internal heat necrosis of potato, a review. Am. J. Potato Research. 85: 69-76.
- Yencho, G.C. and Clough, M.E. 2008. North Carolina Potato Variety Trial and Breeding Report, 2007. NC State University, Raleigh, NC. 50 pp. http://potatoes.ncsu.edu/Reports.html
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Progress 10/01/06 to 09/30/07
Outputs
OUTPUTS: Our research is conducted in collaboration with the USDA Cooperative States Research Extension and Education Service (CSREES) NE1014 Multi-state Potato Variety Development and Evaluation Project (as of Oct. 1, 2007 the NE1031 Project). The overall objective of the NE1031 Project is to develop high yielding, disease and insect resistant, table- and chip-stock potato varieties for potato growers in the eastern US. The objective of the NC State University variety development and breeding program is to evaluate germplasm, and select and develop adapted potato varieties that are suitable for use by North Carolina growers, and the southeastern US potato industry in general. Our program focuses on two areas: the development of new potato germplasm and varieties through collaborative early-generation breeding and selection projects with the USDA-ARS, Cornell University and the University of Maine; and the evaluation of preliminary and advanced breeding clones for adaptation to NC
from a wide range of potato breeding programs in the US and Canada. Our in-house efforts to develop varieties in North Carolina begin with crossing in the greenhouses at the VGJREC/TRS and subsequent planting, selection and advance to single-hill, 6-hill, 20-hill and 60-hill plots depending on relative performance at each of these stages over a period of four years before a clone is entered into replicated yield trials. During 2007, we planted 17,682 single hills (the most seedlings that we have ever planted in NC) and 509 clones were selected for a 2.9% selection rate. Out of the 178 clones in our 6-hill plots, 57 were selected for future evaluation. In the 20-hill plots, 69 clones were planted and 20 were selected for further evaluation. Our sixty-hill plots had 7 clones and 2 were carried through for evaluation next year. In our yield trials, we evaluated 193 preliminary and advanced clones. The evaluations were conducted either on-farm, and/or at the TRS/VGJREC. We typically
evaluate advanced clones at more than one site in NC. The results of the yield trials are summarized and can be viewed and downloaded at our website http://potatoes.ncsu.edu/.
PARTICIPANTS: Lead Investigators Dr. G. Craig Yencho, (PI) Associate Professor and Leader Sweetpotato and Potato Breeding and Genetics Projects, NC State University Mr. Mark E. Clough, (co-PI) Researcher, Potato Breeding and Genetics Project, NC State University Collaborators Dr. Bryon Sosinski, Associate Professor, Horticultural Genomics, NC State University Dr. George G. Kennedy, Professor of Entomology, NC State University Dr. Kathleen Haynes, Research Geneticist - Potato Breeder, USDA-ARS BARC Training or Professional Development This project typically hires 2-3 undergraduate summer helpers to assist with project activities during project year. This work provide significant real-world plant breeding experiences for our student helpers.
Impacts
This project enables us to conduct collaborative potato breeding research in the eastern US and to evaluate the performance of newly released varieties and advanced clones in NC. Harley Blackwell, recently released by the USDA-ARS in cooperation with NC and several other states, is a chipping/tablestock clone that yields as well as Atlantic and has a similar SG, but with much lower levels of IHN compared to Atlantic. During the 2007 season, Harley Blackwell was planted in many locations commercially. In NC, Harley Blackwell provided favorable commercial-scale results as an IHN resistant, chipping cultivar, producing marketable yields 104% those of Atlantic. We expect the acreage planted to Harley Blackwell in the SE US will increase in 2008 due to its performance in 2007. Likewise, the purple-skinned, yellow-fleshed specialty clone B1816-5 was released as Peter Wilcox. This variety is being increased for commercial production by several certified seed growers.
Publications
- Yencho, G.C., P.H. McCord, K.G. Haynes, and S.B. Sterrett. 2008. Internal heat necrosis of potato - a review. Am. J. Potato Research. (in press).
- Yencho, G.C. and M.E. Clough. 2007. North Carolina Potato Variety Trial and Breeding Report, 2007. NC State University, Raleigh, NC. 50 pp. < http://potatoes.ncsu.edu/Reports.html>
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Progress 10/01/05 to 09/30/06
Outputs
Our research is conducted in collaboration with the USDA Cooperative States Research Extension and Education Service (CSREES) NE1014 Multi-state Potato Variety Development and Evaluation Project. The overall objective of the NE1014 Project is to develop high yielding, disease and insect resistant, table- and chip-stock potato varieties for potato growers in the eastern US. The objective of the NC State University variety development and breeding program is to evaluate germplasm, and select and develop adapted potato varieties that are suitable for use by North Carolina growers, and the southeastern US potato industry in general. Our program focuses on two areas: the development of new potato germplasm and varieties through collaborative early-generation breeding and selection projects with the USDA-ARS, Cornell University and the University of Maine; and the evaluation of preliminary and advanced breeding clones for adaptation to NC from a wide range of potato
breeding programs in the US and Canada. Our in-house efforts to develop varieties in North Carolina begin with crossing in the greenhouses at the VGJREC/TRS and subsequent planting, selection and advance to single-hill, 6-hill, 20-hill and 60-hill plots depending on relative performance at each of these stages over a period of four years before a clone is entered into replicated yield trials. This year, 7,950 single-hills were planted and 168 clones were selected averaging a 2.1% selection rate. Out of the 344 clones in our 6-hill plots, 57 were selected for future evaluation. In the 20-hill plots, 21 clones were planted with 7 being selected for further evaluation. In our 60-hill plots, 12 clones were planted and 6 were selected. An additional 189 4-hill plots from the University of Maine (UM) were planted, with 11 being selected. These will be advanced to our 20-hill plots next year. In our 13 yield trials, we evaluated 210 preliminary and advanced clones. The evaluations were
conducted either on-farm, and/or at the TRS/VGJREC. We typically evaluate advanced clones at more than one site in NC. The results of the yield trials are summarized and can be viewed and downloaded at our website http://potatoes.ncsu.edu/.
Impacts
This project enables us to conduct collaborative potato breeding research in the eastern US and to evaluate the performance of newly released varieties and advanced clones in NC. Harley Blackwell, recently released by the USDA-ARS in cooperation with NC and several other states, is a chipping/tablestock clone that yields as well as Atlantic and has a similar SG, but with much lower levels of IHN compared to Atlantic. During the 2006 season, Harley Blackwell was planted in many locations commercially. In NC, Harley Blackwell provided favorable commercial-scale results as an IHN resistant, chipping cultivar, producing marketable yields 104% those of Atlantic. One seed broker contracted for a total of 13200 cwt of ME seed during 2006, for contracts to chipping plants in FL (3000 cwt), NC (2600 cwt), PA (460 cwt), NY (600 cwt), MD (850 cwt), and to various chip brokers (5600 cwt). We expect the acreage planted to Harley Blackwell in the SE US will increase in 2007 due to
its performance in 2006. Likewise, the specialty clone B1816-5 (to be released in 2007 as a named variety) was trialed with 2 growers in NC in 2006 in 0.2 acre plots. Both growers had favorable comments and intend to plant equal or greater quantities depending on availability. With its anticipated release in early 2007, this variety is being increased for commercial production by a certified seed grower in NY.
Publications
- Sterrett, S.B, K.G. Haynes, G.C. Yencho, M.R. Henninger, and B.T. Vinyard. 2006. CART Analyses Reveal Importance of Tuber Mineral Status on Susceptibility to Internal Heat Necrosis. Crop Science 46: 1471-1478.
- Porter, G.A., C. Hutchinson, J.M. White, P. Ocaya, C. Yencho, M. Clough, M. Henninger, J. Sieczka, D. Halseth, M. Kleinhenz, D. Kelly, B. Christ, P. Turcotte, D. Harvey, G. Hamel and R. Sterrett. 2006. Eastern regional potato trials 2003: Summary of NE1014 regional project field testing of new potato clones. Miscellaneous Publication 755, March 2006. Maine Agricultural and Forest Experiment Station, The University of Maine. 17 pp. ISSN 1070-1508.
- Porter, G.A., C. Hutchinson, J.M. White, P. Ocaya, C. Yencho, M. Clough, M. Henninger, J. Sieczka, D. Halseth, M. Kleinhenz, D. Kelly, B. Christ, P. Turcotte, D. Harvey, G. Hamel and R. Sterrett. 2006. Eastern regional potato trials 2004: Summary of NE1014 regional project field testing of new potato clones. Miscellaneous Publication 755, June 2006. Maine Agricultural and Forest Experiment Station, The University of Maine. 17 pp. ISSN 1070-1508.
- Yencho, G.C. and M.E. Clough. 2006. North Carolina Potato Variety Trial and Breeding Report, 2006. NC State University, Raleigh, NC. 51 pp. (http://potatoes.ncsu.edu/Reports.html)
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Progress 10/01/04 to 09/30/05
Outputs
Our research is conducted in collaboration with the USDA Cooperative States Research Extension and Education Service (CSREES) NE1014 Multi-state Potato Variety Development and Evaluation Project. The overall objective of the NE1014 Project is to develop high yielding, disease and insect resistant, table- and chip-stock potato varieties for potato growers in the eastern US. The objective of the NC State University variety development and breeding program is to evaluate germplasm, and select and develop adapted potato varieties that are suitable for use by North Carolina growers, and the southeastern US potato industry in general. Our program focuses on two areas: the development of new potato germplasm and varieties through collaborative early-generation breeding and selection projects with the USDA-ARS, Cornell University and the University of Maine; and the evaluation of preliminary and advanced breeding clones for adaptation to NC from a wide range of potato
breeding programs in the US and Canada. Our in-house efforts to develop varieties in North Carolina begin with crossing in the greenhouses at the VGJREC/TRS and subsequent planting, selection and advance to single-hill, 6-hill, 20-hill and 60-hill plots depending on relative performance at each of these stages over a period of four years before a clone is entered into replicated yield trials. This year, 10,140 single-hills were planted and 344 clones were selected averaging a 3.4% selection rate (however, 144 of these were selected for breeding parent purposes, leaving 200 with variety potential lowering the variety development selection rate to just under 2%). Out of the 140 clones in our 6-hill plots, 29 were selected for future evaluation, with 21 of these coming from our breeding program and 8 from the University of Maine (UM). In the 20-hill plots, 32 clones were planted with 12 being selected for further evaluation. In our 60-hill plots, 14 clones were planted and 6 were
selected; 2 out of our program and 4 from Cornell University (CU). In our yield trials, a total of 185 preliminary and advanced clones were evaluated in 12 trials. These evaluations were conducted either on-farm, or at the VGJREC/TRS. Advanced clones were typically evaluated at more then one site in NC. The results of the yield trials are summarized and can also be viewed and downloaded at our website http://www.ces.ncsu.edu/plymouth/hort/potato/index.html.
Impacts
This project enables us to conduct potato breeding in the eastern US via the NE1014 Regional Potato Variety Evaluation Project, and to evaluate the performance of newly released varieties and advanced clones in NC. Harley Blackwell, was recently released by the USDA-ARS in cooperation with NC and several other states. It shows that we are making progress developing new varieties for growers. Harley Blackwell is a chipping/tablestock clone that yields as well as Atlantic and has a similar SG, but with much lower levels of IHN compared to Atlantic. Harley Blackwell has been extensively trialed in NC in research station and on-farm trials, and in several large (10-20 acre) on-farm trials during the last four years. Large-scale plantings conducted over the next few years by growers seeking alternatives to Atlantic will determine the fate of Harley Blackwell in NC and the SE US. B1816-5 is another promising clone developed in cooperation with the USDA-ARS. This
specialty-type clone has been evaluated in 14 trials since 2000. It is an attractive early to mid-maturing, purple-skinned, yellow-fleshed potato. It produces medium to small sized potatoes with marketable yields like Chieftain. This clone expressed IHN in 2005 for the first time in the six years we have evaluated it but at low levels. It has very few other internal defects. B1816-5 was evaluated by several growers on a small scale in 2005 with good results. It is on the fast track for variety release and will be evaluated again by growers in NC during 2006
Publications
- Yencho, G.C. and Clough, M.E. 2005. North Carolina Potato Variety Trial and Breeding Report, 2005. NC State University, Raleigh, NC. 48 pp. < http://www.ces.ncsu.edu/plymouth/hort/potato/index.html>
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Progress 10/01/03 to 09/30/04
Outputs
Our research is conducted in collaboration with the USDA Cooperative States Research Extension and Education Service (CSREES) NE1014 Multi-state Potato Variety Development and Evaluation Project. The overall objective of the NE1014 Project is to develop high yielding, disease and insect resistant, table- and chip-stock potato varieties for potato growers in the eastern US. The objective of the NC State University variety development and breeding program is to evaluate germplasm, and select and develop adapted potato varieties that are suitable for use by North Carolina growers, and the southeastern US potato industry in general. Our program focuses on two areas: the development of new potato germplasm and varieties through collaborative early-generation breeding and selection projects with the USDA-ARS, Cornell University and the University of Maine; and the evaluation of preliminary and advanced breeding clones for adaptation to NC from a wide range of potato
breeding programs in the US and Canada. Our in-house efforts to develop varieties in North Carolina begin with crossing in the greenhouses at the VGJREC/TRS and subsequent planting, selection and advance to single-hill, 6-hill, 20-hill and 60-hill plots depending on relative performance at each of these stages over a period of four years before a clone is entered into replicated yield trials. This year 7,252 single-hills were planted and 89 clones were selected averaging a 1.2% selection rate, which is slightly lower than normal. Out of the 236 clones in our 6-hill plots, 24 were selected for future evaluation. In the 20-hill plot 18 clones were planted and 5 were selected for further evaluation, while none of the 10 clones planted to 60-hill plots were advanced. Our USDA-ARS, UM and CU early generation materials consisted of 481 four-hill plots from the University of Maine and the USDA, 96 12-hill plots from the USDA, and 34 20-hill plots from Cornell University. We selected 20
clones from the UM 4-hill plots, and 7 clones each from the 12-hill and 20-hill plots. In our yield trials, a total of 183 preliminary and advanced clones were evaluated. These evaluations were conducted either on-farm, at the Cunningham Research Station (NCSU) in Kinston, and/or at the Tidewater Research Station (NCDA&CS)/Vernon G. James Research and Extension Center (NCSU) in Plymouth, NC. Advanced clones were typically evaluated at more then one site in NC. The results of the yield trials are summarized later in this report, and in Tables 1-11. Each table has two parts, the first (a) being devoted to yield information, specific gravity measurements, and chip color scores, and the second (b) providing potato plant and tuber quality characteristics. This report can also be viewed and downloaded at our website http://www.ces.ncsu.edu/plymouth/hort/potato/index.html.
Impacts
This project enables us to conduct potato breeding collaborations in the eastern US via the NE1014 Regional Potato Variety Evaluation Project. It enables us to evaluate the performance of newly released varieties and advanced clones in NC, and to release this information quickly to growers. The newly released potato variety, Harley Blackwell, was recently released by the USDA-ARS in cooperation with NC and several other states. It shows that we are making progress developing new varieties for growers. Harley Blackwell is a chipping/tablestock clone that yields as well as Atlantic and has a similar SG, but with much lower levels of IHN compared to Atlantic. Harley Blackwell has been extensively trialed in NC in small-scale research station and on-farm trials, and in several large-scale (ca. 2 acre) on-farm trials during the last three years. It is being offered in limited seed quantities for the 2004/2005 season. Extensive large-scale plantings conducted over the next
2-4 years by growers seeking alternatives to Atlantic will determine the fate of Harley Blackwell in NC and the SE US.
Publications
- Yencho, G.C. and Clough, M.E. 2004. North Carolina Potato Variety Trial and Breeding Report, 2004. NC State University, Raleigh, NC. 45 pp. < http://www.ces.ncsu.edu/plymouth/hort/potato/index.html>
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Progress 10/01/02 to 09/30/03
Outputs
Our research is conducted in collaboration with the NE1014 Potato Variety Development Project. The objective of this project is to develop high yielding, disease and insect resistant, table- and chip-stock potato varieties for the eastern US. The NC State variety development and breeding program evaluates germplasm and selects and develops adapted potato varieties suitable for NC growers. In 2003, we planted 8,364 single-hill plots and made 236 selections. We also planted 202 four-hill plots from the University of Maine (UM) and the USDA, 167 six-hill plots from last years single-hill selections in NC, 48 12-hill plots from UM and Cornell University (CU), and 63 20-hill plots from the USDA and UM. A total of 197 preliminary and advanced clones were also evaluated in replicated yield trials on-farm, or at the research station. Our annual report is at http://www.ces.ncsu.edu/plymouth/hort/potato/index.html. In 2003, the USDA clones with greatest chipping potential were:
Harley Blackwell and B0766-3. Harley Blackwell (B0564-8) was released in 2003. It is an attractive, round-white potato with a medium net skin and an average SG in NC of 1.073 (Atlantic =1.076). Harley Blackwell is intended for chipping, but its shallow eyes, relatively attractive appearance, and lower gravity compared to Atlantic may also make it suitable for table-stock purposes. In NC, it has produced marketable yields 108% of Atlantic. It does not suffer from internal heat necrosis (IHN), a common problem of Atlantic in the mid-Atlantic and SE US. The table-stock clones from the USDA with the most potential were: B1806-8 (round, yellow-fleshed); B1758-4 (red-skinned, white-fleshed); and B1816-5 (purple-skinned, yellow-fleshed). B1816-5 has been consistently free of major defects, and it has good potential as a specialty-type potato. Clones from UM showing the most promise were: AF1424-7 and AF1569-2. The marketable yields for these were good, with few internal defects, and good
chip scores. From CU, Marcy (NY112), NY126, and NY129 performed well. Marcy is an attractive, netted, chip-stock potato with good yield. However, it has suffered from susceptibility to IHN making it potentially unsuitable for NC. NY126 and NY129 have promise as table-stock varieties. NY126 is an attractive, round to oblong, pale yellow-fleshed potato with yields close to Atlantic. NY129 is a round, red-skinned, white-fleshed potato with few internal defects and yields similar to Chieftain. MSI005-20Y and Michigan Purple from Michigan are also attractive. MSI005-20Y is a light yellow flesh, white skin potato with few internal defects with low yields. Michigan Purple is a high yielding purple skin, white flesh potato. We consistently rate this clone with a low appearance score due to excessive skinning and its high susceptibility to scab. Growers (organic and conventional) who take special precautions to minimize skinning and do not have scab problems, and/or home gardeners who hand
harvest potatoes might be the appropriate market for this unique potato in NC as it is flavorful, and its smooth light purple skin and white flesh are very attractive.
Impacts
This project enables us to conduct potato breeding collaborations in the eastern US via the NE1014 Regional Potato Variety Evaluation Project. It enables us to evaluate the performance of newly released varieties and advanced clones in NC, and to release this information quickly to growers. The newly released potato variety, Harley Blackwell, was recently released by the USDA-ARS in cooperation with NC and several other states. It shows that we are making progress developing new varieties for growers. Harley Blackwell is a chipping/tablestock clone that yields as well as Atlantic and has a similar SG, but with much lower levels of IHN compared to Atlantic. Harley Blackwell has been extensively trialed in NC in small-scale research station and on-farm trials, and in several large-scale (ca. 2 acre) on-farm trials during the last three years. It is being offered in limited seed quantities for the 2004 season. Extensive large-scale plantings conducted over the next 2-4
years by growers seeking alternatives to Atlantic will determine the fate of Harley Blackwell in NC and the SE US. For the early generation selection projects we expect to: 1) select clones that are better adapted to NC conditions; 2) determine how well materials selected in NC will produce in ME and NY (important because > 70% of NC potato seed is produced in ME and NY); and 3) gain knowledge that will enable us to develop a more efficient breeding scheme focused on identifying new potato varieties for NC and the mid-Atlantic regions, leading to a more profitable and sustainable potato industry for NC.
Publications
- Sterrett, S.B., Henninger, M.R., Yencho, G.C., Lu, W., Vinyard, B., and Haynes, K.G. 2003. Stability of internal heat necrosis and specific gravity in tetraploid x diploid potatoes. Crop Science. 43:790-796.
- Yencho, G.C. and Clough, M.E. 2003. North Carolina Potato Variety Trial and Breeding Report, 2002. NC State University, Raleigh, NC. 42 pp. < http://www.ces.ncsu.edu/plymouth/hort/potato/index.html>
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Progress 10/01/01 to 09/30/02
Outputs
The NC State potato variety development and breeding program focuses on two areas: the development of new potato germplasm and varieties through collaborative early-generation breeding and selection projects with the USDA-ARS, Cornell University and the University of Maine; and the evaluation of preliminary and advanced breeding clones for adaptation to NC from a wide range of potato breeding programs in the US and Canada. In 2002, we planted 7411 single-hill plots, 828 four hill plots, 183 six hill plots, 12 12-hill plots and 28 20-hill plots for the breeding program. Also, 164 clones were evaluated in replicated yield trials either on-farm, or at the Tidewater Research Station/Vernon G. James Research and Extension Center in Plymouth, NC. The results of these trials can be viewed and downloaded at our website http://plymouth.ces.state.nc.us/hort/potato/index.html. In 2002, the USDA clones with the most potential as chippers were: B0564-8, B0766-3, and B1240-1. In
all cases, yields and chip scores were good. B0564-8 is scheduled for release by the USDA-ARS in 2003 as the variety Harley Blackwell. It is an attractive, round-white potato with a medium net skin and an average specific gravity in NC of 1.073 compared to 1.076 for Atlantic. B0564-8 is primarily intended for chipping, but its attractive appearance and lower gravity compared to Atlantic may also make it suitable for table-stock use. In NC, it has produced marketable yields 108% of Atlantic, but it does not suffer from internal heat necrosis (IHN), a problem of Atlantic in the mid-Atlantic. Table-stock clones from the USDA with good potential were: B1752-5 a round, yellow-fleshed potato; B1758-4 a red-skinned, white-fleshed clone; and B1816-5 a purple-skinned, yellow-fleshed clone. The reds need further testing. B1816-5 has good potential as a specialty-type potato. Clones from the Univ. of Maine showing the most promise were: AF1424-7 and AF1569-2. Marketable yields were good, there
were few internal defects. From Cornell NY112, NY126, and NY129 performed well. NY112 is an especially attractive, netted, chip-stock potato with good yields, however, it is susceptible to IHN making it unsuitable for NC. NY126 and NY129 have promise as table-stock varieties. NY126 is an attractive, round to oblong, pale yellow-fleshed potato with yields close to Atlantic. NY129 is a round, red-skinned, white-fleshed potato with few internal defects and yields close to Chieftain. Nordonna is an attractive round, red-skinned, white-fleshed potato from North Dakota that has performed well in many of our yield trials with an average marketable yield of 207 cwt/A. However, secondary growth was observed in this clone and it may limit acceptance in NC. Two clones from Michigan (MSH031-5 and MSH095-4) yielded and chipped well, each having comparable gravity and yield to Atlantic and low incidence of any internal defects. Vivaldi, a medium to large yellow-fleshed oblong table-stock potato
from HZPC, was very attractive, and had low incidence of internal defects and yields comparable to Atlantic. This clone is very attractive in NC and will be tested further.
Impacts
To date, most if not all, of the varieties that occupy a large percentage of the acreage in NC were identified through this collaborative project which is greatly facilitated by the NE-184 Project. Each of these varieties has provided growers with either new pest resistance, maturity, quality and/or marketing opportunities, which contributes to increased grower profitability and environmental sustainability.
Publications
- Yencho, G.C. and Clough, M.E. 2002. North Carolina Potato Variety Trial and Breeding Report, 2002. NC State University, Raleigh, NC. 44 pp.
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Progress 10/01/00 to 09/30/01
Outputs
The goal of the NCSU Potato Breeding Project is to develop potato cultivars that are better adapted to the growing conditions of the mid-Atlantic and southeastern US. To do this, we cooperate extensively with the larger potato breeding programs located in the NE US. In 2001, we conducted six projects: 1) the NCSU-USDA/ARS BARC Early-Generation (EG) Breeding Project; 2) the NCSU-UM EG Breeding Project; 3) the Regional Potato Variety Development Project; 4) the USDA/ARS-NCSU-VA Tech-Rutgers Internal Heat Necrosis (IHN) Project; 5) a Rhizoctonia (RZ) resistance project; and 6) a Colorado potato beetle resistance project. The USDA and UM EG selection projects have been very successful to date. We have found that there is very little overlap in selections made at the NC and ME sites. Each selection has new variety potential, but they need to be further evaluated in larger trials over multiple sites. A total of 174 clones were evaluated in yield trials in NC during 2001 for
the variety development project. Twenty-eight were NE-184 entries, the remainder were lines from USDA/ARS BARC, USDA/ARS Aberdeen, UM, CU, MSU, NDSU and two private breeding programs. The trials are described in detail in the 2001 NC Potato Variety Report and have been mailed to Extension, Research and Industry cooperators, and is available at:http://plymouth.ces.state.nc.us/hort/potato/reports/01/index.html. Two clones are currently very promising: B0564-8 and NorDonna. B0564-8 is a round white, chip and tablestock clone. It was evaluated in three 2 acre (A) grower trials in 2001. Reports on its performance were very favorable. This clone will be evaluated in 3 large-scale trials in 2002. NorDonna, a red tablestock clone released by NDSU was evaluated in an on-farm trial in 1999. Its appearance was outstanding compared to others in the trial and the grower hosting the trial planted 25 A in 2000 and 75 A in 2001. Numerous other growers are now trying NorDonna in NC with mostly good
results. The IHN project is a multiyear G x E experiment aimed at developing new sources of high specific gravity clones free of IHN that can be used to replace Atlantic, a chipping clone very susceptible to IHN. This trial will be repeated in 2002. The Rhizoctonia (RZ) project goal is to identify clones with resistance to RZ. Twenty clones consisting of nine advanced breeding lines and four varieties were evaluated for their susceptibility to RZ disease under field conditions in 2001. There was a significant effect due to inoculation with and yield was reduced from 10-28%. However, there was no significant inoculum x variety interaction suggesting that all varieties were susceptible. Similar results were obtained in a greenhouse experiment with 14 clones. For the CPB work, crosses between high and low leptine clones were made during the winter of 2001 and ca. 150 TPS from each of three promising families was sewn to generate seed tubers. The materials generating sufficient
mini-tubers have been harvested and will be planted in 2002 and screened for CPB resistance in the field and in the greenhouse. Clones representing a range of resistance to CPB will then be subjected to leptine analysis.
Impacts
To date, most if not all, of the varieties that occupy a large percentage of the acreage in NC were identified through this collaborative project. Each of these varieties has provided growers with either new pest resistance, maturity, quality and/or marketing opportunities, which contributes to increased grower profitability and environmental sustainability.
Publications
- Haynes, K.G., G.A. Porter, B.J. Christ, R.W. Goth, K.O. DeLong, D.E. Halseth, J.B. Sieczka, M.R. Henninger, S.B. Sterrett, G.C. Yencho, and R.E. Webb. 2001. Amey: A mutlipurpose, russet skinned cultivar for specialty markets. American J. Potato Research. 78: 175-181.
- Yencho, G.C. and M.E. Clough. 2001. North Carolina Potato Variety Trials Report, 2001. NC State University, Raleigh, NC. 40 pp.
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Progress 01/01/00 to 12/31/00
Outputs
We conducted four on-farm and ten research station trials during 2000. In these trials, a total of 156 preliminary, advanced, or named clones were evaluated for performance in Eastern North Carolina. The results of these trials are summarized in the 2000 NC Potato Variety trial report, a copy of which can be obtained at the program's web site at http://plymouth.ces.state.nc.us/hort/potato/index.html. These results will also be summarized in the USDA-ARS National Potato Germplasm Evaluation and Enhancement Report, 2000: Seventy-first Annual Report by Cooperators. The round white clones from the USDA with the most potential were: B0564-8, B0564-9, B0178-34, and B0766-3. The yield was off for B0766-3 and the appearance for B0178-34 and B0766-3 were only better than fair but they both chipped well and had high gravities in all trials. The clones B0564-8 and B0564-9 both had exceptional appearances overall and low incidence of disease and internal defects. From the
University of Maine the clones showing the most promise were AF875-15, AF1569-2, and AF1437-1. Yields overall were comparable to Atlantic and these clones had no heat necrosis, however gravities were lower than Atlantic. From Cornell University the clones that preformed best were Eva, Keuka Gold, and NY112. However Keuka Gold and NY112 suffer from heat necrosis so they may not be suitable for North Carolina. Gravities for all three were lower than Atlantic but yields were higher overall. For the red varieties Nordonna in all trials did well with the exception of the NE-184 Red Variety Trial. Typically it produces a very round large tuber, and has a good skin set.
Impacts
To date, most if not all, of the varieties that occupy a large percentage of the acreage in NC were identified through this collaborative project. Each of these varieties has provided growers with either new pest resistance, maturity, quality and/or marketing opportunities, which contributes to increased grower profitability and environmental sustainability.
Publications
- Yencho, G.C., Kowalski, S.P., Kennedy, G.G. and Sanford, L.L. 2000. Segregation of leptine glycoalkaloids and resistance to Colorado potato beetle (Leptinotarsa decemlineata Say) in F2 Solanum tuberosum (4x) X S. chacoense (4x) potato progenies. American J. Potato Research 77:167-178.
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Progress 01/01/99 to 12/31/99
Outputs
The overall goal of this project is to develop potato cultivars that are better adapted to the spring and summer growing conditions of the mid-Atlantic and southeastern US (SE). Selected clones will have improved yield and culinary and/or processing qualities, and better tolerance to the high temperatures and diseases commonly experienced by potatoes in these regions. We conducted four on-farm and 11 research station trials during 1999. In these trials, a total of 174 preliminary, advanced, or named clones were evaluated for performance in Eastern North Carolina. Additionally, roughly 7,500 single hills were planted and selected in NC and Maine as part of a collaborative breeding effort between NCSU's and Dr. Kathleen Haynes' USDA/ARS BARC Potato Breeding Programs representing the second year of this study. The results of the replicated trials are summarized in the 1999 NC Potato Variety trial report, a copy of which can be obtained at the program's web site at
http://plymouth.ces.state.nc.us/hort/potato/index.html. These results will also be summarized in the USDA-ARS National Potato Germplasm Evaluation and Enhancement Report, 1999: Seventieth Annual Report by Cooperators. Currently, the round white clones from the USDA with the most potential are: B0564-8, B0564-9, and B0178-34. All three of these clones have good specific gravities, low incidence of internal defects, and are generally uniform in size. Clones from the University of Maine with the most promise are AF875-15, AF1569-2, and AF1437-1. Unfortunately in all three of these cases yield in relation to Atlantic was variable and the specific gravities were consistently lower than Atlantic. On a more positive note these clones had no incidence of heat necrosis. The clones from Cornell University with the best results in our trials were R17-7, R17-106, Keuka Gold (NY101), NY112. Of these four, Keuka Gold (NY101) was the only yellow flesh and it had yields above Atlantic, but it does
have problems with heat necrosis. The other three clones all chipped better than Atlantic though specific gravities in all cases were lower. In reference to the red varieties Nordonna, Cherry Red, and ND5084-3R have shown the most promise. All three clones typically produce large tubers. Even though ND5084-3R has a skinning problem vinekill and earlier harvest could minimize this problem.
Impacts
Potato growers in the mid-Atlantic and Southeast US need potato varieties better adapted to their unique growing conditions. This project is working in cooperation with other breeding programs to develop these varieties.
Publications
- Yencho, G.C. and Clough, M.E. 1999. North Carolina Potato Variety Trials Report. NC State University, 35 pp.
- Yencho, G.C. 1999. North Carolina, pp. 72-77. In: Sisson, J.A., G. A. Porter, et al. Performance Evaluations of Potato Clones in the Northeastern States - 1997. Maine Agricultural and Forest Experiment Station, University of Maine Miscellaneous Publication No. 741. 152 pp.
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