Progress 10/01/98 to 09/30/04
Outputs
During the period from October 1, 2003 to September 30, 2004, 10,231 cases were processed by the NDSU Veterinary Diagnsotic Laboratory. Approximately 20% of the cases were bovine, 17% canine, 30% equine, 5% feline, 5% porcine, 3% ovine and 0.3% caprine. The laboratory continues to provide non-human exposure rabies testing to clientele. Of 326 cases this past year, 57 were positive (38 skunks, 1 horse, 4 cows, 5 cats, 7 dogs and 2 bats). Security improvements (card key access) were made to the front desk/admission area and to doors to the toxicology, serology, histology and virology sections. A new BSL 2 hood was purchased for the post mortem floor for West Nile virus diagnostic work. West Nile virus surveillance continues to be run in cooperation with the North Dakota Department of Health. A liquid media machine was purchased to accelerate the diagnosis of Johne's disease. This purchase was made in cooperation with the North Dakota Department of Agriculture/Office of
the State Veterinarian. A quality assurance manager was hired to create a lab quality assurance manual and formalize and document all laboratory procedures, personnel training and equipment SOPs. A single outbreak of anthrax occurred in west central North Dakota in October of 2003. The laboratory identified three Bacillus anthracis isolates for the purposes of diagnosis and then incinerated them in accordance with the select agent rule. The lab participates in national TSE surveillance by submitting samples for BSE (Colorado State University), scrapie (Agricultural Research Service/Washington State University) and CWD (University of Wyoming) to specified laboratories around the country. Cooperative research projects are in progress and include the zoonotic potential of Cryptosporidium parvum in North Dakota, E. coli virulence factors in bovine enteritis isolates and epidemiology of important livestock and companion animal diseases (West Nile virus, neosporosis, bovine viral diarrhea
virus). The lab has initiated discussions to become a part of the National Animal Health Laboratory Network. In the past five years the North Dakota State University Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory has made steady progress in improving its ability to function as an important diagnostic arm of the animal and public health community in the upper midwest. We have kept pace with diagnostic technology and are incorporating real-time PCR assays (West Nile virus, bovine viral diarrhea, Clostridium perfringens typing, E. coli virulence factor identification) and immunohistochemistry (multiple antigens) into our test menu. We continue to participate in the national and international animal health infrastructure as an American Assocation of Veterinary Laboratory Diagnosticians accredited lab.
Impacts
To provide accurate and rapid diagnosis of animal health problems in North Dakota and the upper Midwest. In addition, the NDSU-VDL strives to function as a link in the biosecurity/agrosecurity network nationwide and to provide critical public health information to the human medical sector.
Publications
- Dyer, N.W., Krogh D.F., Schaan L.P. 2004. Pulmonary mycoplasmosis in farmed white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus). Journal of Wildlife Diseases 40(2):366-370.
- Horne, S.M., Goplin J.L., Giddings C.W., Dyer N.W. and Nolan L.K. 2004. Cloning and sequencing of cnf1 from Escherichia coli incriminated in mink and bovine colibacillosis. Veterinary Research Communications, 28: 103-112.
- Schuler, L.A., Khaitsa M.L., Dyer N.W., Stoltenow C.L. 2002. Evaluation of an outbreak of West Nile virus infection in horses: 569 cases. JAVMA 225:1084-1089.
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Progress 10/01/02 to 09/30/03
Outputs
# ND4400, "Animal disease: diagnosis, surveillance and research" Investigators: Dyer NW, Freeman DA, Newell T K, Mostrom, MS, Vincent LL Covering the time period from 10/1/02 to 9/30/03: During the reported time frame, 11,132 cases were processed by the North Dakota State University Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory (NDSU-VDL). Approximately 33% of the cases were bovine, 4% canine, 13% equine, 2% feline, 34% swine, 2% ovine, 6% avian, 5.5 % miscellaneous species, and 0.5% caprine. Testing and diagnosis were performed in the sections of bacteriology, virology, serology, clinical pathology, histology, toxicology, molecular diagnostics and pathology. The NDSU-VDL continues to perform fluorescent antibody and histopathologic examination of all non-human exposure rabies cases in North Dakota. Of 306 cases, 54 were positive (43 skunks, 1 horse, and 6 cows, 1 donkey, 1 cat, 1 dog, and 1 bat). The laboratory is also involved in a national surveillance network for chronic
wasting disease (elk, deer) and bovine spongiform encephalopathy, and a federally-supported surveillance program for West Nile virus (horses/birds). A biosafety level 3 suite was completed for handling of high risk pathogens.
Impacts
To provide accurate and rapid diagnosis of animal health problems in North Dakota and the upper Midwest. In addition, the NDSU-VDL strives to function as a link in the biosecurity/agrosecurity network nationwide and to provide critical public health information to the human medical sector.
Publications
- Stoltenow CL, Mostrom M, Stoltenow LR, Matz TE. 2002. Treatment of accidental strychnine poisoning in horses. J Equine Veterinary Science, Vol 22(11): 507-509.
- Mostrom M. 2003. Molds, mycotoxins, and horses. Equine Ranching, pp. 29-33.
- Tibbetts RJ, White DG, Dyer NW, Giddings CW, and LK Nolan. 2003. Characterization of Escherichia coli isolates incriminated in colisepticemia in mink. Veterinary Research Communications 27:341-357.
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Progress 10/01/01 to 09/30/02
Outputs
During the reported period, 10,584 cases were processed by the North Dakota State University Diagnostic Laboratory. Approximately 40% of the cases were bovine, 20% canine, 20% equine, 10% feline, 4% swine, 4% ovine, 1% avian and 1% caprine. Testing and diagnosis were performed in the sections of bacteriology, virology, serology, clinical pathology, histology, toxicology and pathology. Fluorescent antibody and histopathologic exams were performed on 333 non-human exposure rabies submissions. Fifty two of these were postitive (36 skunks, 10 bovine, 2 horses, 1 dog, 1 cat, 1 bat and 1 raccoon). A single case of anthrax was diagnosed in a horse in March of 2002. The laboratory continues to be involved in a national surveillance program for chronic wasting disease and bovine spongiform encephalopathy. During an outbreak of west nile virus infection (July-September), 919 serum samples were analyzed for antibody to the viurs and 720 were positive.
Impacts
The veterinary diagnostic laboratory performs a needed function in the network of public health surveillance and animal health surveillance for North Dakota and western Minnesota. In addition to providing routine diagnostic work for animal owners and producers for the region, the laboratory functions to maintain surveillance for zoonotic and foreign animal disease agents of concern to the human/animal health community.
Publications
- Sausker ES, Dyer NW. Polymerase chain reaction and DNA sequencing for detection of ovine herpesvirus 2 in American bison (Bison bison). J Vet Diagn Invest, 14:40-46 (2002)
- Sausker ES, Dyer NW. Seroprevalence of OHV-2, BVDV, BHV-1 and BRSV in ranch-raised bison (Bison bison). J Vet Diagn Invest, 14:68-70 (2002)
- Dyer NW, Newell TK. Mycotic rumenitis in American bison (Bison bison). J Vet Diagn Invest 14:414-416 (2002)
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Progress 10/01/00 to 09/30/01
Outputs
During the reported time frame, 9630 cases were processed by the North Dakota Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory (NDVL). Approximately 45% of the cases were bovine, 20% canine, 15% equine, 10% feline, 4% swine, 4% ovine, 1% avian and 1% caprine. Testing and diagnosis were performed in the sections of bacteriology, virology, serology, clinical pathology, histology, toxicology and pathology. The NDVL continues to perform fluorescent antibody and histopathologic examination of all non-human exposure rabies cases in North Dakota. Of 300 cases, 41 were positive (32 skunks, 3 horses, and 3 cows, 1 badger, 1 cat, 1 dog,). From June through October 2001, the laboratory diagnosed 22 cases of anthrax in cattle, deer, and horses during an outbreak in northwest Minnesota. The laboratory is also involved in a national surveillance network for chronic wasting disease (elk, deer) and bovine spongiform encephalopathy, and a state-supported serologic survey for West Nile virus
(horses).
Impacts
The NDVL serves as a diagnostic center for animal disease diagnosis and surveillance on the northern Great Plains.
Publications
- Dyer, NW, Ward, ACS, and White, DG. Seasonal incidence and antibiotic susceptibility patterns of Pasteurellaceae isolated from American bison (Bison bison). Can J Vet Res 65:7-14, (2001)
- Dyer, NW. Haemophilus somnus associated bronchopneumonia in American bison (Bison bison) J Vet Diag Invest 13:419-421, (2001)
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Progress 10/01/99 to 09/30/00
Outputs
During the reported time frame, 9734 cases were processed by the Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory. Approximately 35% of the cases were bovine, 20% canine, 15% equine, 10% swine, 5% feline, 5% ovine, 2% avian and 0.5% caprine. The remainder of the caseload was made up of non-tissue related material. Testing and daignosis was performed in the sections of bacteriology, virology (including electron microscopy and polymerase chain reaction), serology, clinical pathology, histology, toxicology and pathology. Faculty members continue to be involved in original and collaborative research.
Impacts
The diagnostic laboratory continues to perform fluorescent antibody and histopathologic examination of all non-human exposure rabies cases in North Dakota From July through September 2000 the laboratory diagnosed 52 cases of anthrax in cattle, bison and horses during an outbreak on the upper Great Plains. Mycotoxin assays by the toxicology section, are requested by producers in Canada and the US.
Publications
- Bratanich, A.C., Ellis, J.A., Blanchetot A.D. 2000. Applications of RDA for the identification of an infectious agent involved in Post Weaning Multisystemic Syndrome (PMWS) in pigs. Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation 12:328-331.
- Dyer, N.W., Ching, B., Bloom, M.E. 2000. Nonsuppurative meningoencephalitis associated with Aleutian mink disease parvovirus infection in ranch mink. Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation 12:159-162.
- Dyer, N.W., Krogh, D.F., Devold, R., Wilson, S.L., White, D.G. 2000. Chromobacteriosis in a Chinese red panda (Ailurus fulgens styani). Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation 12:177-179.
- Li, H., Dyer, N., Keller, J., Crawford, T.B. 2000. Newly recognized herpesvirus causing malignant catarrhal fever in White-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus). Journal of Clinical Microbiology Apr: 1313-1318.
- O' Donnell, K., Kistler, H.C., Tacke, B.K., Casper, H.H., 2000. Gene genealogies reveal global phylogeographic structure and reproductive isolation among lineages of Fusarium graminearum, the fungus causing wheat scab. Proceedings of National Academy of Science, Vol 97, p 7905-7910.
- Casper, H., Tacke, B., Iverson, D. 2000. Experience in Mycotoxin testing at North Dakota State University (Abstract). 43rd Annual Conference; American Association of Veterinary Laboratory Diagnosticians. Birmingham, Alabama.
- Casper, H.H., Tacke, B.K., Iverson, D.M., 2000. Experience in Trichothecene Testing at North Dakota State University (Abstract). 114th AOAC Internation annual meeting and exposition. Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
- Casper, H.H., Tacke, B.K., Iverson, D.M., 2000. Experiences in Mycotoxin Testing. 21st Western Nutrition Conference Proceedings (p75-80), Winnipeg, Manitoba.
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Progress 10/01/98 to 09/30/99
Outputs
During the reported time frame, 9929 cases were processed by the Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory. Approximately 35% of the cases were bovine, 15% equine, 20% canine, 10% swine, 5% feline, 5% ovine, 2% avian and .5% caprine. The remainder of the caseload was made up of non-tissue related material. Testing and diagnosis was performed in the sections of bacteriology, virology (including electron microscopy and polymerase chain reaction), serology, clinical pathology, histology and pathology. In addition, the diagnostic laboratory performed fluorescent antibody and histopathologic examination of approximately 350 non-human exposure rabies cases, and has developed collaborative research efforts with microbiologists in the basic sciences. Dr. A.C. Bratanich DVM, PhD, microbiology supervisor, was hired 4/1/99.
Impacts
(N/A)
Publications
- Bratanich AC, Lairmore M, Heneine W, Konoby C, Harding J, West J, Allan G, Ellis J. Lack of evidence of conserved lentiviral sequences in pigs with post weaning multisystemic wasting syndrome. Canadian Journal of Veterinary Research, 63:207-211, 1999.
- Hart LP, Casper H, Schabenberger O, NG P. Comparison of gas chromatography-electron capture enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for deoxynivalenol in milled fractions of naturally contaminated wheat. Journal of Food Protection, 61:1695-1697, 1999.
- Groves FD, Zhang Lian, Chang Yun-Sheng, Ross FP, Casper H, Norred WP, You Wei-Cheng, Fraumeni JF. Fusarium mycotoxins in corn and corn products in a high-risk area for gastric cancer in Shandong province, China. Journal of AOAC International, 82:657-662, 1999.
- Salas B, Steffenson J, Casper HH, Tacke B, Prom LK, Fetch TG, Schwarz PB. Fusarium species pathogenic to barley and their associated mycotoxins. Plant Disease, 83:667-674, 1999.
- Dyer NW, Huffman LE. Plague in free-ranging mammals in western North Dakota. Journal of Wildlife Diseases, 35:600-602, 1999.
- Ward ACS, Dyer NW, Corbeil LB. Characterization of putative Haeomphilus somnus isolates from tonsils of American bison (Bison bison). Canadian Journal of Veterinary Research, 63:166-169, 1999.
- Ward ACS, Dyer NW, Fenwick BW. Pasteurellaceae isolated from tonsillar samples of commercially reared American bison (Bison bison). Canadian Journal of Veterinary Research; 63:161-165, 1999.
- Dyer NW, Schamber GJ. Pneumocystosis associated with canine distemper virus infection in a mink. Canadian Veterinary Journal, 40:577-578, 1999.
- Ellis J, Krakowka S, Lairmore M, Haines D, Bratanich A, Clark E, Allan G, Konoby C, Hassard L, Meehan B, Martin K, Harding J, Kennedy S, McNeilly F. Reproduction of lesions of postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome in gnotobiotic piglets. Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Interpretation. 11:3-14, 1999.
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