Progress 10/01/98 to 09/30/11
Outputs
OUTPUTS: In 2010, approximately 80% of the dairy herds in Wisconsin still had herd sizes of less than 100 cows. Most of the farms are still operating in tie/stanchion stall barns and associated feeding, milking, and manure handling systems. These systems are labor intensive and labor inefficient. As these farms struggle to decide what their options are they need information and education on the options available. These options might include making no changes and exiting the dairy industry (27%), or changing the dairy infrastructure and potentially growing (73%). Facility changes may include building confinement housing, adopting management intensive grazing, or organic systems and building or remodeling a milking parlor. Over half of the farms under 200 cows plan on making investments in housing, milking, feed storage or manure handling facilities in the next 5 years. The dairy modernization team can help the latter group make educated decisions to achieve their personal and business goals. For those that will continue in the dairy production business additional management information will be needed to enhance the facility changes. Information and educational programs on adopting technology or modernizing the dairy with newer, more labor efficient systems such as a milking parlor, housing barns, and associated feeding and manure handling systems will be the main activity of the modernization workgroup. Guiding these farms through an informed decision making process will allow them to grow their business, enhance profitability, and improve their quality of life. PARTICIPANTS: Mark Mayer, Agricultural Agent Green County WI; David W. Kammel, Professor Biological Systems Engineering Department, UW Madison TARGET AUDIENCES: Dairy Producers, Agricultural Professionals, Agricultural Suppliers, Department of Agriculture Trade and Consumer Protection, Department of Commerce PROJECT MODIFICATIONS: Nothing significant to report during this reporting period.
Impacts
Milking labor on farms that have adopted a remodeled parlor have been reduced from 4 minutes per cow in the tie stall barn to 2 minutes per cow in the parlor, a 50% reduction of the previous labor needs. All other chores for feeding cows, handling manure and other chores was also decreased 50% per cow. The total reduction in labor on a per cow basis was over 4 minutes per cow per day. New or remodeled cow housing in freestall barns has allowed the feeding and manure handling chores to become more mechanized as well. This has reduced labor needs significantly. This allows farms to either reduce their daily workload or increase the cow numbers to increase income and take advantage of the labor efficiency they have achieved and increase their profitability.
Publications
- Mayer, Mark, D. Kammel. 2010. Dairy Modernization Works for Family Farms. Journal of Extension. October 2010,Volume 48, Number 5. www.joe.org.
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Progress 01/01/09 to 12/31/09
Outputs
OUTPUTS: Wisconsin dairy farm numbers continue to decline to under 13,000 at the end of 2009. The average herd size in Wisconsin has grown steadily and stands at 93 cows in 2008. It is anticipated to climb to 112 by 2009. In 2009, approximately 80% of the dairy herds in Wisconsin still had herd sizes of less than 100 cows. Most of the farms are still operating in tie/stanchion stall barns and associated feeding, milking, and manure handling systems. These systems are labor intensive and labor inefficient. As these farms struggle to decide what their options are, they need information and education on the options available. These options might include making no changes and exiting the dairy industry (27%), or changing the dairy infrastructure and potentially growing (73%). Facility changes may include building confinement housing, adopting management intensive grazing, or organic systems and building or remodeling a milking parlor. Over half of the farms under 200 cows plan on making investments in housing, milking, feed storage or manure handling facilities in the next 5 years. The dairy modernization team can help the latter group make educated decisions to achieve their personal and business goals. For those that will continue in the dairy production business, additional management information will be needed to enhance the facility changes. Information and educational programs on adopting technology or modernizing the dairy with newer, more labor efficient systems such as a milking parlor, housing barns, and associated feeding and manure handling systems will be the main activity of the modernization workgroup. Guiding these farms through an informed decision making process will allow them to grow their business, enhance profitability, and improve their quality of life. PARTICIPANTS: David W. Kammel, Department Agriculture Trade Consumer Protection, Department of Commerce TARGET AUDIENCES: Dairy Producers, Extension educators, Agricultural Suppliers PROJECT MODIFICATIONS: Nothing significant to report during this reporting period.
Impacts
Milking labor on farms that have adopted a remodeled parlor have been reduced from 4 minutes per cow in the tie stall barn to 2 minutes per cow in the parlor, a 50% reduction of the previous labor needs. All other chores for feeding cows, handling manure and other chores was also decreased 50% per cow. The total reduction in labor on a per cow basis was over 4 minutes per cow per day. New or remodeled cow housing in freestall barns has allowed the feeding and manure handling chores to become more mechanized as well. This has reduced labor needs significantly. This allows farms to either reduce their daily workload or increase the cow numbers to increase income and take advantage of the labor efficiency they have achieved and increase their profitability.
Publications
- Mayer, Mark, D. Kammel. 2009. Dairy modernization Works for Family Farms. NACAA Journal. http://www.nacaa.com/journal/index.phpjid=13
- Mayer, Mark, D. Kammel. 2009. Dairies in Transition. Hoards Dairyman. April 25, 2009.
- Mayer, Mark, D. Kammel. 2009. We should have done it sooner. Hoards Dairyman. May 10, 2009.
- Mayer, Mark, D. Kammel. 2009. Renovated barns, streamlined labor. Hoards Dairyman. May 25, 2009.
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Progress 01/01/08 to 12/31/08
Outputs
OUTPUTS: Wisconsin dairy farm numbers continue to decline to approximately 13,500 at the end of 2008. The average herd size in Wisconsin has grown steadily and stands at 93 cows in 2008. It is anticipated to climb to 112 by 2009. In 2008 approximately 80% of the dairy herds in Wisconsin still had herd sizes of less than 100 cows. Most of the farms are still operating in tie/stanchion stall barns and associated feeding, milking, and manure handling systems. These systems are labor intensive and labor inefficient. As these farms struggle to decide what their options are they need information and education on the options available. These options might include making no changes and exiting the dairy industry (27%), or changing the dairy infrastructure and potentially growing (73%). Facility changes may include building confinement housing, adopting management intensive grazing, or organic systems and building or remodeling a milking parlor. Over half of the farms under 200 cows plan on making investments in housing, milking, feed storage or manure handling facilities in the next 5 years. The dairy modernization team can help the latter group make educated decisions to achieve their personal and business goals. For those that will continue in the dairy production business additional management information will be needed to enhance the facility changes. Information and educational programs on adopting technology or modernizing the dairy with newer, more labor efficient systems such as a milking parlor, housing barns, and associated feeding and manure handling systems will be the main activity of the modernization workgroup. Guiding these farms through an informed decision making process will allow them to grow their business, enhance profitability, and improve their quality of life. PARTICIPANTS: David W. Kammel TARGET AUDIENCES: Not relevant to this project. PROJECT MODIFICATIONS: Not relevant to this project.
Impacts
Milking labor on farms that have adopted a remodeled parlor have been reduced from 4 minutes per cow in the tie stall barn to 2 minutes per cow in the parlor, a 50% reduction of the previous labor needs. All other chores for feeding cows, handling manure and other chores was also decreased 50% per cow. The total reduction in labor on a per cow basis was over 4 minutes per cow per day. New or remodeled cow housing in freestall barns has allowed the feeding and manure handling chores to become more mechanized as well. This has reduced labor needs significantly. This allows farms to either reduce their daily workload or increase the cow numbers to increase income and take advantage of the labor efficiency they have achieved and increase their profitability.
Publications
- Kammel, David W. 2008. What weve learned about low cost parlors. Hoards Dairyman. May 25, 2008.
- Kammel, David W. 2008. Dairy Housing Facilities for the Future. Proceedings of the Cattle Consultancy Days. Herning, Denmark. http://www.ccdays.com/data/347850/8482/CCDays_2008.Proceedings.pdf
- Kammel, David W. 2008. Planning and Design Considerations for Transition Cow Housing. Milchrind Journal fur Zucht and Management. http://www.milchrind.de/
- Kammel David W. 2008 Starting a Dairy Goat Business. A guide for Farmers. Practical Facilities. Wisconsin Department of Agriculture Trade and Consumer Protection. http://www.wdga.org/resources/goatstartupguidepdf.pdf
- Kammel, David W. 2008. Grouping Strategies. Proceedings of Cattle Consultancy Days. Herning, Denmark. http://www.ccdays.com/data/347850/8482/CCDays_2008.Proceedings.pdf
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Progress 01/01/07 to 12/31/07
Outputs
OUTPUTS: Wisconsin dairy farm numbers continue to decline to approximately 15,000 at the end of 2006. The average herd size of a Wisconsin dairy farm in 2004 was 81 cows and is anticipated to climb to 112 by 2009. Most of the farms (12,000, 81%) with less than 100 cows are still operating in tie/stanchion stall barns and associated feeding, milking, and manure handling systems. These systems are labor intensive and labor inefficient. 68% of those farmers are between 40 and 60 years old. As these farms struggle to decide what their options are they need information and education on the options available. These options might include making no changes and exiting the dairy industry (27%), or changing the dairy infrastructure and potentially growing (73%). Facility changes may include building confinement housing, adopting management intensive grazing, or organic systems and building or remodeling a milking parlor. Over half of the farms under 200 cows plan on making investments in
housing, milking, feed storage or manure handling facilities in the next 5 years. The dairy modernization team can help the latter group make educated decisions to achieve their personal and business goals. For those that will continue in the dairy production business additional management information will be needed to enhance the facility changes. Information and educational programs on adopting technology or modernizing the dairy with newer, more labor efficient systems such as a milking parlor, housing barns, and associated feeding and manure handling systems will be the main activity of the modernization workgroup. Guiding these farms through an informed decision making process will allow them to grow their business, enhance profitability, and improve their quality of life.
PARTICIPANTS: David W. Kammel Professor and Extension Specialist Biological Systems Engineering 460 Henry Mall Madison, WI 53706 Phone: 608 262-9776 Fax: 608 262-1228 dwkammel@wisc.edu
TARGET AUDIENCES: Dairy Producers
Impacts
Milking labor on farms that have adopted a remodeled parlor have been reduced from 2 minutes per cow in the tie stall barn to 1 minute per cow in the parlor, a 50% reduction of the previous labor needs. New or remodeled cow housing in freestall barns has allowed the feeding and manure handling chores to become more mechanized as well. This has also reduced labor needs significantly. On some farms the labor to feed cows has been reduced from 5 minutes per cow in the tie stall to 1 minute per cow in a freestall feeding system. This allows farms to either reduce their daily workload or increase the cow numbers to take advantage of the labor efficiency they have achieved and increase their profitability.
Publications
- Kammel, David W., R.E. Graves. 2007. Planning and Design Considerations for Transition and Special Needs Cow Housing. Sixth International Dairy Housing Conference Proceedings. 16-18 June 2007, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA. American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers. 2950 Niles Road, St. Joseph, MI 49085 Phone 269.429.0300 Fax 269.429.3852 email:hq@asabe.org.
- Kammel, David W., V. J. Haugen. 2007. Remodeling a Tie/Stanchion Stall Barn for an Interim Milking Parlor. Sixth International Dairy Housing Conference Proceedings. 16-18 June 2007, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA. American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers. 2950 Niles Road, St. Joseph, MI 49085 Phone 269.429.0300 Fax 269.429.3852 email:hq@asabe.org.
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Progress 01/01/06 to 12/31/06
Outputs
Dairy Modernization is the process dairy farms are adopting to increase their profitability and develop the growth of the business by adopting new technology and management practices. Dairies in Wisconsin are continually transitioning their production facilities to more profitable and environmentally friendly systems. 85% of the dairy farms in Wisconsin are in a tie stall barn systems where cows are milked, housed, and fed in individual stalls. These systems are old and not very labor efficient. These businesses can not afford to build all new facilities. The business growth model that seems to be working is remodeling the existing stall barn into a more efficient milking parlor and building new cow barn(s) providing more cow comfort and better labor efficiency. This allows the adoption of new technology for milking, feeding and caring for the cows. Housing systems such as compost bedded barns and sand based free stalls are common choices requiring design information.
Milking parlors are providing farmers a healthier and more satisfying life, and their operations are more profitable. The growth of the dairy industry in Wisconsin will occur if the remaining dairy farms can find a way to grow slowly at a relatively low risk process. Educational programs include extension meetings focused on the dairy modernization process and planning as well as farm visits with extension agents and specialists. Over 175 farms were visited and plans developed to help them in a modernization planning process.
Impacts
Milking labor on farms that have adopted a remodeled parlor have been reduced from 2 minutes per cow in the tie stall barn to 1 minute per cow in the parlor, a 50% reduction of the previous labor needs. New or remodeled cow housing in freestall barns has allowed the feeding and manure handling chores to become more mechanized as well. This has also reduced labor needs significantly. On some farms the labor to feed cows has been reduced from 5 minutes per cow in the tie stall to 1 minute per cow in a freestall feeding system. This allows farms to either reduce their daily workload or increase the cow numbers to take advantage of the labor efficiency they have achieved. and increase their profitability.
Publications
- Kammel, D.W. 2006. Flexible Pen Design for Special Needs and Transition Cows. Proceedings of the 2006 Midwest Herd Health Conference. Dairy Team UW Extension. UW Madison. 460 Henry Mall Madison, WI 53706
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Progress 01/01/05 to 12/31/05
Outputs
Dairy Modernization is the process dairy farms are adopting to increase their profitability and develop the growth of the business by adopting new technology and management practices. Dairies in Wisconsin are continually transitioning their production facilities to more profitable and environmentally friendly systems. 85% of the dairy farms in Wisconsin are in a tie stall barn systems where cows are milked, housed, and fed in individual stalls. These systems are old and not very labor efficient. These businesses can not afford to build all new facilitites. The business growth model that seems to be working is remodeling the existing stall barn into a more efficient milking parlor and building new cow barn(s) providing more cow comfort and better labor efficiency. This allows the adoption of new technology for milking, feeding and caring for the cows. Dairy farms going through the transition from old tie stall barn systems to newer parlor and freestall barn systems are
becoming more economically viable and staying in the dairy industry versus leaving the dairy farm. Farmers are healthier and more satisfied with their lives, and their operations are more profitable. The growth of the dairy industry in Wisconsin will occur if the remaining dairy farms can find a way to grow slowly at a relatively low risk process. Educational programs include extension meetings focused on the dairy modernization process and planning as well as farm visits with extension agents and specialists.
Impacts
Farms that are modernizing have grown their business and brought in new partners usually increasing cow numbers because the system they are upgrading to is more labor efficient. Milking labor on farms that have adopted a remodeled parlor have been reduced from 2 minutes per cow in the tie stall barn to 1 minute per cow in the parlor, a 50% reduction of the previous labor needs. New or remodeled cow housing in freestall barns has allowed the feeding and manure handling chores to become more mechanized as well decreasing the feeding time per cow to 1 minute per cow with TMR feeding versus 5 minutes per cow in a tie stall barn. Some farms are reporting that their production level also increased when cows were housed in a freestall barn with better cow comfort.
Publications
- Kammel, David. 2005. Remodeling Dairy Barns for Dairy Beef Housing. Proceedings of "Managing and Marketing Quality Holstein Steers. November 2-3, 2005. Rochester, MN.
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Progress 01/01/04 to 12/31/04
Outputs
Dairies in Wisconsin are continually transitioning their production facilities to more profitable and environmentally friendly systems. The dairy farm is a system comprised of several key functional areas. Each unique farm must balance existing resources including land, labor and capital. The components of the production system presented in this discussion focuses on milking, housing, feeding, and manure storage. Every farm has a unique cost of production comprised of different costs associated with feed, labor, facilities and variable costs. Grazing systems may use a resource such as their land base. Confinement systems may use the resources of capital and labor. In the end, each producer wishes to maximize the use of their set of resources to make a profit. Dairy modernization can mean many things. One definition is accepting, adopting and adapting new technology to the dairy system. Dairy farms going through the transition from old tie stall barn systems to newer
parlor and freestall barn systems are becoming more economically viable and staying in the dairy industry versus leaving the dairy farm. Farmers are healthier and more satisfied with their lives, and their operations are more profitable. The growth of the dairy industry in Wisconsin will occur if the remaining dairy farms can find a way to grow slowly at a relatively low risk process.
Impacts
Milking labor on farms that have adopted a remodeled parlor have been reduced from 2 minutes per cow in the tie stall barn to 1 minute per cow in the parlor, a 50% reduction of the previous labor needs. New or remodeled cow housing in freestall barns has allowed the feeding and manure handling chores to become more mechanized as well. This has also reduced labor needs significantly. On some farms the labor to feed cows has been reduced from 5 minutes per cow in the tie stall to 1 minute per cow in a freestall feeding system. This allows farms to either reduce their daily workload or increase the cow numbers to take advantage of the labor efficiency they have achieved, and thus to increase their profitability.
Publications
- Holmes, B., D. W. Kammel, R. Palmer. 2004. Transitioning in Steps: Costs of Modernization; Modernization choices; spending your money wisely. 2004 Dairy Road Show Proceedings. Center for Dairy Profitability. UW Madison. University of Wisconsin,Madison.
- Kammel, D.W. 2004. Design and Maintenance of a Bedded Pen (Pack) Housing System. Proceedings of the 2004 Midwest Herd Health Conference. Dairy Team UW Extension. UW Madison.
- Kammel, D.W. 2004. Hoop Barns for Dairy Cattle. MWPS AED51.
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Progress 01/01/03 to 12/31/03
Outputs
The majority of my work this year has been in dairy modernization efforts. This includes programming and coordinating programs in dairy facilities and feeding systems including low cost milking centers, free stall barns, special needs and transition cow barns, and TMR feeding equipment. Much of this work has been with family dairy farms in transition from 60 cows in a tie stall barn to parlor freestall systems. This work has been accomplished through the Dairy Modernization workgroup of the Dairy Team which I am co-chair. I was invited to the International Dairy Housing V Conference, New York State Extension, and an NRAES Conference to present papers and programming on the subject of remodeling tie stall barns into milking centers.
Impacts
Dairy farms going through the transition from old tie stall barn systems to newer parlor and freestall barn systems are becoming more economically viable and staying in the dairy industry versus leaving the dairy farm. Farmers are healthier, more satisfied with their lives and more profitable. The growth of the dairy industry in Wisconsin will occur if the remaining dairy farms can find a way to grow slowly at a relatively low risk process.
Publications
- Kammel, D.W. V.J. Haugen, T.K. Rehbein, M.W. Mayer. 2003. Remodeled Parlors. Proceedings of the Fifth International Dairy Housing Conference. January 29-31, 2003. ASAE. St. Joseph MI.
- Kammel, D.W., M.E. Raabe, J.J. Kappelman. 2003. Design of High Volume Low Speed Fan Supplemental Cooling System in Dairy Freestall Barns. Proceedings of the Fifth International Dairy Housing Conference. January 29-31, 2003. ASAE. St. Joseph MI.
- Wagner-Storch, A.M., R.W. Palmer, D.W. Kammel. 2003. Factors Affecting Stall Use for Different Freestall Bases. Journal of Dairy Science. Vol. 86, No. 6. pg. 2233.
- Kammel, D.W. 2003. Remodeling a Tiestall Barn for an Interim Milking Parlor. NRAES-148. Proceedings from Building Freestall Barns and Milking Centers: Methods and Materials. February 18-20, 2003.
- Kammel, D.W., Brian Holmes. 2003. Raising Dairy Replacements. Chapter 4: Calf Environment and Housing. Mid West Planning Service.
- Kammel, D. W., B.J.Holmes. 2003. Raising Dairy Replacements. Chapter 11: Heifer Environment and Housing. Mid West Planning Service.
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Progress 01/01/02 to 12/31/02
Outputs
The majority of my work this year has been in dairy facilities and feeding systems including low cost milking centers, free stall barns, special needs and transition cow barns, and TMR feeding equipment. Much of this work has been with family dairy farms in transition from 60 cows in a tie stall barn to parlor freestall system. This work has been accomplished through the Dairy Modernization workgroup of the Dairy Team and the Center for Dairy Profitability. I was co-chair of the Dairy Theme tent in Farm Progress Days 2002, and co-chair of the Educational committee for Farm Technology Days 2003. I am the chair of the Modernization workgroup under the Dairy Team. Through the Dairy Modernization workgroup I coordinated the development of a CD on Low Cost Parlors and Dairy Housing and Manure Management. This was distributed to all agricultural agents with Dairy responsibility and was part of a training session for extension and agricultural professionals in the states of
Illinois, Iowa, Minnesota, and Wisconsin. It is also for sale to educators and the general public. I operated a research trial on High Volume Low Speed fan systems on 10 dairy farms the summer of 2002. I was also involved in a hydrated concrete foundation research trial with David Bohnhoff.
Impacts
I have continued to see 50% labor savings for farms as they change over to parlors from round the barn milking systems. Costs for remodeling parlors have ranged from $30,000-$100,000 for double 8 to double 12 parlors. High Volume Low Velocity (HVLS) fans are one method of creating cow cooling in a freestall or other livestock barn. Costs per fan are approximately $5,000 per fan installed. Velocity measurements were made in 10 farms with fans to document velocities at the cow level throughout the barn. Horizontal velocities ranged from 100-350 fpm at a 5' height from the floor. Each fan uses approximately 15 kwH per day for a cost of $1/day per fan when operating at the highest speed. Preliminary data will be presented in January 2003 at the Dairy Housing Fifth Conference in Fort Worth, Texas.
Publications
- Kammel, D.W. 2002 Housing and Manure Management CD. Center for Dairy Profitability. 285 Animal Science Bldg., 1675 Observatory Drive. Madison, WI. 53706.
- Kammel, D.W. 2002. Low Cost Parlor CD. Center for Dairy Profitability. 285 Animal Science Bldg., 1675 Observatory Drive. Madison, WI. 53706.
- Kammel, D.W. Kappelman, J., M. Raabe. 2002. HVLS Fans Poster Presentation. ASAE Summer Meeting. Chicago IL.
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Progress 01/01/01 to 12/31/01
Outputs
The majority of my work this year has been in dairy facilities and feeding systems including low cost milking centers, free stall barns, special needs and transition cow barns, and TMR feeding equipment. Much of this work has been with family dairy farms in transition from 60 cows in a tie stall barn to parlor freestall system. A post embedment research project was completed in Summer of 2001. Forty-five post foundations were withdrawn from a sandy soil to determine the relative strength of different anchorage systems. During these tests, the addition of two 1.5 x 3.5 x 10 inch blocks at a depth near 4 feet increased uplift resistance 4200 lbf. Prehydrated concrete collars with 19-inch diameters provided uplift resistance in excess of 22,000 lbf when embedded to a depth of 50 inches. Dry concrete mix, when buried, was found to undergo significant self-hydration, producing concrete collars with an average compressive strength greater than 2000 lbf/in2 after an
embedment time of only six weeks.
Impacts
Several farms have constructed remodeled parlors and lowered their cost of harvesting milk by 50% compared to the old tie stall barn system. One farm was spending $44,000 per year or $2.00/cwt on labor to milk 100 cows in a tie stall barn. They built a low cost parlor with an annual cost of $13,000 plus $12,000 per year in labor for a total annual cost of $25,000 or $1.00/cwt. They reduced their cost of milk production $1.00/cwt and will pay back the investment in 4 years.
Publications
- Bohnhoff,D.R., D. W. Kammel, T. R. Nonn, L. F. Shirek. 2001. Uplift Resistance of Post Foundations. 2001. ASAE Annual International Meeting. Sponsored by ASAE. Sacramento Convention Center. Sacramento, California, USA.July 30-August 1, 2001.
- Kammel, D. W. 2001. Free Stall Housing Options and Their Costs- 2001 Update. Biological Systems Engineering.460 Henry Mall Madison, WI 53706.
- Kammel, D.W. 2001. HVLS Fans for Free Stall Barns. MN/WI newsletter.
- Kammel, D.W. 2001. Low Cost Parlors For Wisconsin and Minnesota Dairy Producers. MN/WI newsletter.
- Kammel, D.W. 2001. Low Cost Parlor CD. Center for Dairy Profitability. 285 Animal Science Bldg., 1675 Observatory Drive. Madison, WI. 53706.
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Progress 01/01/00 to 12/31/00
Outputs
The majority of my work this year has been in dairy facilities and feeding systems including low cost milking centers, free stall barns, special needs and transition cow barns, and TMR feeding equipment. Much of this work has been with family dairy farms in transition. There continues to be increased interest on housing of replacement animals and special needs cow facilities from dairy farms and from custom heifer growers. Through the 4 State extension effort I became involved with the development of a CD on transition cows supported in part by Monsanto which was awarded a ASAE Blue Ribbon Award. I designed a raptor cage for Camp Upham Woods, coordinated volunteers, and supervised construction of the facility throughout the summer and fall. It now houses a red tail hawk.
Impacts
Six farms went through construction of a parlor to ease labor needs for milking. A raptor cage was constructed to house a red tail hawk for raptor education at a 4H camp. 1000 copies of an educational CD were sold to educators , agribusiness, and dairy farmers to improve management of transition dairy cows.
Publications
- Kammel, D. W., K.A. Janni. 2000. Facility Design for the Transition Cow. NRAES-129 Proceedings from Dairy Housing and Equipment Systems: Managing and Planning for Profitability. February 1-3, 2000. Pg.340-352.
- Kammel, D.W., S. L. Gunderson, T. Rehbein, R.A. Thompson. 2000 Transition Cow Facilities: Case Studies. NRAES-129 Proceedings from Dairy Housing and Equipment Systems: Managing and Planning for Profitability. February 1-3, 2000. Pg.366-380.
- Kammel, D.W., P. Hoffman. 2000. Housing Strategies for Calves and Heifers" Enhancing Facilities to Improve Dairy Cattle Performance". ADSA Midwest Symposium.
- Kammel, David. 2000. Facility Design for the Transition Cow. Part 1. MN/WI Agricultural Engineering Newsletter.
- Kammel, David. 2000. Facility Design for the Transition Cow. Part 2. MN/WI Agricultural Engineering Newsletter.
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Progress 01/01/99 to 12/31/99
Outputs
Dairy Housing and Feeding Systems Programs The majority of work this year has been in dairy facilities and feeding systems including low cost milking centers, free stall barns, special needs and transition cow barns, and TMR feeding equipment. Much of this work has been with family dairy farms in transition. There has been an increased interest on housing of replacement animals and special needs cow facilities from dairy farms and from custom heifer growers. Work continues in the Dairy and Beef extension team programming areas. Through the 4 State extension effort a CD on transition cows was developed. This was partially supported by Monsanto. The CD contains approximately 45 MS Power Point presentations with audio on three areas for transition cows including nutrition, health and housing. I lead the housing design section that contained approximately 11 modules. I coordinated the outline and chose participants to cover the modules and presented 2 modules myself. I
was involved in developing and co-authoring two fact sheets for UW extension effort on Y2K readiness for agriculture.
Impacts
Over 1000 Transition Cow Management CD's were sold to dairy producers and agricultural professionals in an educational effort of regional and local meetings.
Publications
- Kammel, David W. 1999. Design, Selection and Use of TMR Mixers. Proceedings 10th Florida Ruminant Nutrition Symposium. January 14-15, 1999. Gainesville, FL.
- Kammel, David W., Doug Reinemann. 1999. Y2K: Agriculture Farmstead Readiness-Electricity, Water, Heat. UW Extension.
- Kammel, David W., Doug Reinemann. 1999. Y2K: Agriculture Farmstead Readiness- Farm Electronic Equipment. UW Extension.
- Kammel, David. 1999. Three Steps to a Properly Sized Mixer. MN/WI Agricultural Engineering Newsletter.
- Kammel, David. 1999. Transition Cow Management.MN/WI Agricultural Engineering Newsletter.
- Kammel, D.W., et al. 1999 Transition Cow Management. 4 State Dairy Extension. http:/www.outreach.uiuc.edu/cdorders.
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