Progress 06/01/04 to 05/31/09
Outputs
OUTPUTS: The relationships between the performance of purple and non-purple lagoons and levels of bacteriochlorophyll a, salinity, and other wastewater parameters in field-scale operations were defined. Field-scale lagoon management practices enhance the potential for odor control were outlined. The impact of organic loading rate as a controlling design variable for the presence of purple sulfur bacteria in swine manure lagoons were established. The impact of copper and zinc in swine diets on the performance of purple sulfur bacteria for odor from swine manure lagoons were measure and understood. New tools that measure and predict odor dispersion from lagoons, feedlot surfaces and livestock production buildings were developed, tested and implemented. PARTICIPANTS: Richard Koelsch Richard Stowell TARGET AUDIENCES: Livestock industry PROJECT MODIFICATIONS: Not relevant to this project.
Impacts
Improved emission data and atmospheric dispersion models are providing a scientific base for assessing the impact of odor management strategies on frequency and intensity of odor exposure in rural communities. The Odor Footprint Tool is being used in four states for improved decision-making by county zoning boards and planning commissions. Odor, ammonia and hydrogen sulfide flux data from purple and non-purple lagoons in eastern Nebraska showed that approximately 20% less odor and ammonia, and 65% less hydrogen sulfide, emissions came from purple lagoons than for non-purple lagoons. Improved understanding of purple lagoon design and management improved the swine industry's ability to manage manure in communities where odors have been an issue.
Publications
- 14. Byler, J., D. Schulte and R. Koelsch. 2004. Odor, H2S, NH3 emissions from phototrophic and non-phototrophic anaerobic swine lagoons. Paper No. 04-4159 presented at the Annual Mtg. of the ASAE. Ottawa, ON. 12 p.
- 15. Koppolu, L., D.D. Schulte, S. Lin, M.J. Rinkol, D.P. Billesbach and S. B. Verma. 2002. Comparison of AERMOD and STINK for dispersion modeling of odorous compounds. Paper No. 02-4015 Annual Mtg. of the ASAE. Chicago, IL. 15 p.
- 1. C. G. Henry, P. C. D'Abreton, R. J. Ormerod, G. G. Galvin, S. J. Hoff, L. D. Jacobsen, D.D. Schulte, and D. P. Billesbach. 2007. Downwind Odor Predictions from Four Swine Finishing Barns Using CALPUFF. International Symposium on Air Quality and Waste Management for Agriculture. CD-ROM Proceedings. September 16-19. Broomfield, CO. ASABE Publication Number 701P0907cd.
- 2. D. D. Schulte, M.R. Modi, C.G. Henry, R.R. Stowell, D.P. Billesbach,S.J. Hoff, and L.D. Jacobson. 2007. Modeling Odor Dispersion From a Swine Facility Using AERMOD. International Symposium on Air Quality and Waste Management for Agriculture. CD-ROM Proceedings. September 16-19. Broomfield, CO. ASABE Publication Number 701P0907cd.
- 3. Stowell, R. R., C. G. Henry, R. K. Koelsch, and D. D. Schulte. 2007. Association of Odor Measures with Annoyance: An Odor-Monitoring Field Study. In: CD-ROM Proceedings of the International Symposium on Air Quality and Waste Management for Agriculture. September 16-19, Broomfield, CO. ASABE Publication Number 701P0907cd. ASABE, St. Joseph, MI.
- 4. Halverson, M.J., D.D. Jones, D.D. Schulte. 2007. A knowledge-based model to assess odor annoyance. International Symposium on Air Quality and Waste Management for Agriculture. CD-ROM Proceedings. September 16-19. Broomfield, CO. ASABE Publication Number 701P0907cd.
- 5. Sherwood, Dawn M., Galen E. Erickson, Terry J. Klopfenstein, Dennis D. Schulte, and Rick R. Stowell. 2007. Feedlot surface conditions and ammonia emissions. Nebraska Beef Cattle Report. MP-90:50-51
- 6. Halverson, M., D.D. Jones, and D.D. Schulte. 2005. Use of fuzzy set theory to describe annoyance from odors. ASAE MidCentral Section Paper MC05-202. 12 p.
- 7. Henry, C.G., D.D. Schulte, R.K. Koelsch, R.R. Stowell, D.P. Billesbach, L. Koppolu. 2005. Comparing two ambient odor assessment methods for calibrating setback estimation tools for livestock facilities. Conference Proceedings: Development of Alternative Technologies for the Processing and Use of Animal Waste. North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA. p. 458-469.
- 8. Koppolu, L., R.Koelsch, D.Schulte, C.Powers, and D.Bundy. 2005. A new appplication for fine ground rubber in the control of odors from livestock manure storage structures. ASAE Annual International Meeting, Paper 054052.
- 9. Schulte, D.D. L. Koppolu, R.K. Koelsch and D.P. Billesbach. 2004. Odor footprint modeling for confined animal feeding operations. Proc. Odors and Toxic Air Emissions Conference. Water & Environment Federation and Air & Waste Management Assoc. Seattle, WA. April.
- 10. Koppolu, L., D. Schmidt, D. Schulte and L. Jacobsen. 2004. Development of scaling factors (peak to mean ratios) through dispersion modeling with AERMOD and field-based odor measurements for livestock facilities. Paper No. 04-4196 presented at the Annual Mtg. of the ASAE. Ottawa, ON. 16 p.
- 11. Schmidt, D., L., Koppolu, G. Pratt, L. Jacobson, D. Schulte, S. Hoff and M. Moscato. 2004. Comparison of measured and modeled ambient hydrogen sulfide concentrations near a 4000 head swine facility. Paper No. 04-4200 presented at the Annual Mtg. of the ASAE. Ottawa, ON. 12 p.
- 12. Schulte, D.D. and L. Koppolu. 2004. Odor footprint modeling for confined animal feeding operations. Proc. Engineering the Future Conf. Euro AgEng. Leuven, Belgium. September.
- 18. Lin, S., D. Hawley, D.D. Schulte and D.P. Billesbach. 2002. Use of solid phase microextraction (SPME) for detecting odorous compounds in air. Paper No. 02-4161 presented at the Annual Mtg. ASAE. Chicago, IL. 12 p.
- 13. Koelsch, R.K., B.L. Woodbury, D.E Stenberg, D.N. Miller and D.D. Schulte. 2004. Survey of hydrogen sulfide concentrations in vicinity of beef cattle feedlots. Applied Engineering in Agriculture. 20(1): 77-85.
- 16. Koelsch, R.K., B. Woodbury, D. Stenberg, D. Miller and D. Schulte. 2002. Survey of hydrogen sulfide concentrations in vicinity of beef cattle feedlots . Paper No. 02-4088 presented at the Annual Meeting of the ASAE. Chicago, IL. 14
- 17. Chen, T., D.D. Schulte, R.K. Koelsch and A.M. Parkhurst. 2003. Characteristics of phototrophic and non-phototrophic lagoons for swine manure. Trans. of the ASAE. 46:(4):1285-1292.
- 19. Koppolu, L., D.D. Schulte, S. Lin, M. Rinkol, D.P. Billesbach and S.B. Verma. 2002. Comparison of AERMOD and STINK for dispersion modeling of odorous compounds. Paper No. 02-4015 presented at the Annual Mtg. ASAE. Chicago, IL. 12 p.
- 20. Rinkol, M.J., M.R. Petersen, D.D. Schulte, S.B. Verma and D.P. Billesbach. 2000. A review of the Gaussian plume model in the context of the agricultural industry. Paper No. MC00-118 presented at the Mid-Central Conference of the ASAE. St. Joseph, MO.
- 21. Rinkol, M.J., D.P. Billesbach, D.D. Schulte and S.B. Verma. 2001. Air pollution dispersion modeling of low-weight carboxylic acids. Paper No. MC01-107 presented at the Mid-Central Conference of the ASAE. St. Joseph, MO.
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Progress 10/01/07 to 09/30/08
Outputs
OUTPUTS: Improved emission data and atmospheric dispersion models are now providing a scientific base for assessing the impact of odor management strategies on frequency and intensity of odor exposure in rural communities. These results are embedded in the Nebraska Odor Footprint Tool (OFT). PARTICIPANTS: Richard Stowell PARTICIPANTS: Not relevant to this project. TARGET AUDIENCES: Not relevant to this project. PROJECT MODIFICATIONS: Not relevant to this project.
Impacts
Improved emission data and atmospheric dispersion models are providing a scientific base for assessing the impact of odor management strategies on frequency and intensity of odor exposure in rural communities. The Odor Footprint Tool is being used in four states for improved decision-making by county zoning boards and planning commissions.
Publications
- Stowell, R. C. Henry, C. Powers, and D. Schulte. 2008. Siting animal production facilities and evaluating odor control options using the Odor Footprint Tool. Proceedings: Mitigating Air Emissions From Animal Feeding Operations Conference. Des Moines, IA. May 19-21. Iowa State University, Ames, IA. pp. 2-6.
- Niemeir, K. R., C. A. Powers, R. R. Stowell, and D. D. Schulte. 2008. Validating the Odor Footprint Tool using field data. Presented at 2008 Annual International ASABE Meeting, Paper #084577. ASABE, St. Joseph, MI, USA.
- Sherwood, Dawn M., Galen E. Erickson, Terry J. Klopfenstein, Dennis D. Schulte, and Rick R. Stowell. 2007. Feedlot surface conditions and ammonia emissions. Nebraska Beef Cattle Report. MP-90:50-51
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Progress 10/01/06 to 09/30/07
Outputs
OUTPUTS: Improved emission data and atmospheric dispersion models are now providing a scientific base for assessing the impact of odor management strategies on frequency and intensity of odor exposure in rural communities. These results are embedded in the Nebraska Odor Footprint Tool (OFT).
PARTICIPANTS: Richard Stowell
Impacts
The Odor Footprint Tool is being used in three states for improved decision-making by county zoning boards and planning commissions.
Publications
- C. G. Henry, P. C. D'Abreton, R. J. Ormerod, G. G. Galvin, S. J. Hoff, L. D. Jacobsen, D.D. Schulte, and D. P. Billesbach. 2007. Downwind Odor Predictions from Four Swine Finishing Barns Using CALPUFF. International Symposium on Air Quality and Waste Management for Agriculture. CD-ROM Proceedings. September 16-19. Broomfield, CO. ASABE Publication Number 701P0907cd.
- D. D. Schulte, M.R. Modi, C.G. Henry, R.R. Stowell, D.P. Billesbach,S.J. Hoff, and L.D. Jacobson. 2007. Modeling Odor Dispersion From a Swine Facility Using AERMOD. International Symposium on Air Quality and Waste Management for Agriculture. CD-ROM Proceedings. September 16-19. Broomfield, CO. ASABE Publication Number 701P0907cd.
- Stowell, R. R., C. G. Henry, R. K. Koelsch, and D. D. Schulte. 2007. Association of Odor Measures with Annoyance: An Odor-Monitoring Field Study. In: CD-ROM Proceedings of the International Symposium on Air Quality and Waste Management for Agriculture. September 16-19, Broomfield, CO. ASABE Publication Number 701P0907cd. ASABE, St. Joseph, MI.
- Halverson, M.J., D.D. Jones, D.D. Schulte. 2007. A knowledge-based model to assess odor annoyance. International Symposium on Air Quality and Waste Management for Agriculture. CD-ROM Proceedings. September 16-19. Broomfield, CO. ASABE Publication Number 701P0907cd.
- Sherwood, Dawn M., Galen E. Erickson, Terry J. Klopfenstein, Dennis D. Schulte, and Rick R. Stowell. 2007. Feedlot surface conditions and ammonia emissions. Nebraska Beef Cattle Report. MP-90:50-51
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Progress 10/01/05 to 09/30/06
Outputs
Odors from livestock wastes are a significant barrier to sustaining and expanding the livestock industry in the U.S. This project is designed to understand and improve the performance of anaerobic lagoons for odor control, and to predict odor dispersion from them. AERMOD, which is the air dispersion engine that drives the Nebraska Odor Footprint Tool, has been calibrated for lagoons and beef cattle feedlots.
Impacts
Improved emission data and atmospheric dispersion models are providing a scientific base for assessing the impact of odor management strategies on frequency and intensity of odor exposure in rural communities.
Publications
- Henry, C.G., D.D. Schulte, R.K. Koelsch, R.R. Stowell, D.P. Billesbach, N. Ebrahim, A.M. Parkhurst, D.B. Parker. 2006. Comparing field odor assessment methods with an atmospheric dispersion model for calibrating setback estimation toools for livestock facilities. Proceedings of the Workshop on Agricultural Air Quality: State of the Science. Potomac, MD. North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC. 15 p.
- Stowell, R. R., D. D. Schulte, R. K. Koelsch, C. G. Henry. 2006. Odor Footprint Tool progress: Regional output resources. Nebraska Swine Report, EC219. p. 15-21. Institute of Agriculture and Natural Resources. University of Nebraska. Lincoln, NE. http://ianrpubs.unl.edu/swine/ec06-219.pdf.
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Progress 10/01/04 to 09/30/05
Outputs
This project has defined some of the relationships between the performance of purple and non-purple lagoons and levels of bacteriochlorophyll a, salinity, and other wastewater parameters in field-scale operations; determined which field-scale lagoon management practices enhance the potential for odor control; ascertained the impact of organic loading rate as a controlling design variable for the presence of purple sulfur bacteria in swine manure lagoons; measured the influence of copper and zinc in swine diets on the performance of purple sulfur bacteria for odor from swine manure lagoons; developed new tools that predict odor dispersion from lagoons, feedlot surfaces and livestock production buildings.
Impacts
Improved emission data and atmospheric dispersion models will provide a scientific base for assessing the impact of odor management strategies on frequency and intensity of odor exposure in rural communities.
Publications
- Halverson, M., D.D. Jones, and D.D. Schulte. 2005. Use of fuzzy set theory to describe annoyance from odors. ASAE MidCentral Section Paper MC05-202. 12 p.
- Henry, C.G., D.D. Schulte, R.K. Koelsch, R.R. Stowell, D.P. Billesbach, L. Koppolu. 2005. Comparing two ambient odor assessment methods for calibrating setback estimation tools for livestock facilities. Conference Proceedings: Development of Alternative Technologies for the Processing and Use of Animal Waste. North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA. p. 458-469.
- Koppolu, L., R.Koelsch, D.Schulte, C.Powers, and D.Bundy. 2005. A new appplication for fine ground rubber in the control of odors from livestock manure storage structures. ASAE Annual International Meeting, Paper 054052.
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Progress 10/01/03 to 09/30/04
Outputs
Odor, ammonia and hydrogen sulfide flux data were collected on 16 occasions from purple and non-purple lagoons in eastern Nebraska from May 2003 to August 2003. Data analysis shows approximately 20% less odor and ammonia, and 65% less hydrogen sulfide, emissions for purple lagoons than for non-purple lagoons. Lagoon liquid temperature, COD, pH, VFAs, bacteriochlorophyll a, TKN levels were also recorded. U.S. EPA air dispersion model (AEMOD) was calibrated to develop a new concept called odor footprints for use in rural communities.
Impacts
Improved emission data and atmospheric dispersion models will provide a scientific base for assessing the impact of odor management strategies on frequency and intensity of odor exposure in rural communities.
Publications
- Schmidt, D., L. Koppolu, G. Pratt, L. Jacobson, D. Schulte, S. Hoff and M. Moscato. 2004. Comparison of measured and modeled ambient hydrogen sulfide concentrations near a 4000 head swine facility. Paper No. 04-4200 presented at the Annual Mtg. of the ASAE. Ottawa, ON. 12 p.
- Schulte, D.D. and L. Koppolu. 2004. Odor footprint modeling for confined animal feeding operations. Proc. Engineering the Future Conf. Euro AgEng. Leuven, Belgium. September.
- Koelsch, R.K., B.L. Woodbury, D.E Stenberg, D.N. Miller and D.D. Schulte. 2004. Survey of hydrogen sulfide concentrations in vicinity of beef cattle feedlots. Applied Engineering in Agriculture. 20(1): 77-85.
- Byler, J., D. Schulte and R. Koelsch. 2004. Odor, H2S, NH3 emissions from phototrophic and non-phototrophic anaerobic swine lagoons. Paper No. 04-4159 presented at the Annual Mtg. of the ASAE. Ottawa, ON. 12 p.
- Schulte, D.D. L. Koppolu, R.K. Koelsch and D.P. Billesbach. 2004. Odor footprint modeling for confined animal feeding operations. Proc. Odors and Toxic Air Emissions Conference. Water & Environment Federation and Air & Waste Management Assoc. Seattle, WA. April.
- Koppolu, L., D. Schmidt, D. Schulte and L. Jacobsen. 2004. Development of scaling factors (peak to mean ratios) through dispersion modeling with AERMOD and field-based odor measurements for livestock facilities. Paper No. 04-4196 presented at the Annual Mtg. of the ASAE. Ottawa, ON. 16 p.
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Progress 10/01/02 to 09/30/03
Outputs
Gaussian dispersion of low-weight volatile fatty acids from a ground-level area source was assessed using STINK (a research-grade, Gaussian plume model from Australia) and AERMOD (an AMS/EPA regulatory model). to determine if these models could effectively utilize a back-calculation methodology to reasonably assess the emission rate and near-source-dispersion of odorous compounds. VFAs were sampled at six receptors using thermal desorption tubes in one experiment and solid phase microextraction (SPME) fibers in a second experiment. Measured concentrations, when compared with those predicted by STINK and AERMOD, showed good agreement. However, better prediction by AERMOD, compared to STINK, was observed for the experiments involving SPME sampling. The use of AERMOD, combined with the back-calculation approach for the dispersion modeling of odorous constituents, appears promising. The performance of AERMOD was also assessed using meteorological conditions averaged over
various time intervals. It was assumed that the average conditions observed during 1, 5, 15 and 30 minute intervals prevailed for the entire 1-hr modeling period. This showed that selection of an appropriate averaging time for meteorological data is important for dispersion modeling when forced to make assumptions about constant meteorological conditions as in the case of Gaussian models like AERMOD.
Impacts
Atmospheric dispersion models will provide a scientific base for assessing the impact of odor management strategies on frequency and intensity of odor exposure in rural communities.
Publications
- Koppolu, L., D.D. Schulte, S. Lin, M.J. Rinkol, D.P. Billesbach and S. B. Verma. 2002. Comparison of AERMOD and STINK for dispersion modeling of odorous compounds. Paper No. 02-4015 Annual Mtg. of the ASAE. Chicago, IL. 15 p.
- Koelsch, R.K., B. Woodbury, D. Stenberg, D. Miller and D. Schulte. 2002. Survey of hydrogen sulfide concentrations in vicinity of beef cattle feedlots . Paper No. 02-4088 presented at the Annual Meeting of the ASAE. Chicago, IL. 14 p.
- Chen, T., D.D. Schulte, R.K. Koelsch and A.M. Parkhurst. 2003. Characteristics of phototrophic and non-phototrophic lagoons for swine manure. Trans. of the ASAE. 46:(4):1285-1292.
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Progress 10/01/01 to 09/30/02
Outputs
AERMOD is being has been validated with on-site VFA concentrations downwind from a synthetic odor source. Solid phase microextraction was used to measure the downwind concentrations of VFAs. AERMOD is being used to determine setback distances based on the frequency and intensity of odor dispersion in rural communities.
Impacts
Atmospheric dispersion models will provide a scientific base for assessing the impact of odor management strategies on frequency and intensity of odor exposure in rural communities.
Publications
- Lin, S., D. Hawley, D.D. Schulte and D.P. Billesbach. 2002. Use of solid phase microextraction (SPME) for detecting odorous compounds in air. Paper No. 02-4161 presented at the Annual Mtg. ASAE. Chicago, IL. 12 p. Koppolu, L., D.D. Schulte, S. Lin, M. Rinkol, D.P. Billesbach and S.B. Verma. 2002. Comparison of AERMOD and STINK for dispersion modeling of odorous compounds. Paper No. 02-4015 presented at the Annual Mtg. ASAE. Chicago, IL. 12 p.
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Progress 10/01/00 to 09/30/01
Outputs
Gas chromatography and mass spectroscopy combined with sonic anemometer readings have shown that downwind and crosswind concentrations of short chain volatile fatty acids (VFAs) are overpredicted when using Gaussian plume models such as EPA's ISC3. Improved atmospheric dispersion coefficients in combination with the Australian model (STINK) improve the correlation greatly. Solid phase microextraction (SPME) technology is being developed for measuring downwind concentrations of VFA's.
Impacts
Atmospheric dispersion models are used to determine setback distances and violations of air quality reguations. This work will correct such models' tendency to overpredict odors from livestock production facilities.
Publications
- Rinkol, M.J., M.R. Petersen, D.D. Schulte, S.B. Verma and D.P. Billesbach. 2000. A review of the Gaussian plume model in the context of the agricultural industry. Paper No. MC00-118 presented at the Mid-Central Conference of the ASAE. St. Joseph, MO.
- Rinkol, M.J., D.P. Billesbach, D.D. Schulte and S.B. Verma. 2001. Air pollution dispersion modeling of low-weight carboxylic acids. Paper No. MC01-107 presented at the Mid-Central Conference of the ASAE. St. Joseph, MO.
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Progress 10/01/99 to 09/30/00
Outputs
Gas chromatography and mass spectroscopy combined with sonic anemometer readings have shown that downwind and crosswind concentrations of short chain volatile fatty acids are overpredicted when using Gaussian plume models such as EPA's ISC3. Improved atmospheric dispersion coefficients in combination with the Australian model (STINK) improve the correlation greatly.
Impacts
Atmospheric dispersion models are used to determine setback distances and violations of air quality regulations. This work will correct such models' tendency to overpredict odors from livestock production facilities.
Publications
- Rinkol, M.J., M.R. Petersen, D.D. Schulte, S.B. Verma and D.P. Billesbach. 2000. A review of the Gaussian plume model in the context of the agricultural industry. Paper No. MC00-118 presented at the Mid-Central Meeting of the ASAE. St. Joseph, MO.
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Progress 10/01/98 to 09/30/99
Outputs
Laboratory studies on the effects of volatile solids loading rate, copper and zinc levels in the diet, salinity, and seeding are underway.
Impacts
Project is less than six months old.
Publications
- No publications reported this period
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