Progress 10/01/99 to 09/30/04
Outputs
Within the time frame of this project (5 years) 3 hard red winter wheat varieties, Stanton, 2145, and Overley were developed and released by the Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station (KAES). The KAES also released two hard white winter wheat varieties, Trego and Lakin. Since their release, Trego has become the most popular hard white wheat grown in western Kansas and Colorado. The KAES has now approved the increase, for release in 2006, of a new experimental hard white wheat KS02HW34. KS02HW34 has 3 major improvements relative to Trego. Trego has suffered significant losses in two of the last four years to stripe rust. KS02HW34 has a very effective level of stripe rust resistance. In 2004, the new races of leaf rust originating in Texas were virulent on Trego for the first time. The leaf rust resistance of KS02HW34 remained effective however. KS02HW34 also has a significantly improved level of sprouting tolerance relative to that of Trego. In our sprouting tests
during the last three years, KS02HW34 has demonstrated a level of sprouting tolerance equal to that of the red wheat Jagger. In 2004, KS02HW34 was tested statewide in the Kansas Performance Test for Winter Wheat Varieties. The yield of KS02HW34 averaged 9% higher than that of Trego across all western Kansas locations.
Impacts
White wheat acreage in Kansas has doubled each of the last two years. By the end of the marketing year (May 31 2004) we exported 3.8 million bushels of white wheat. Most of it was grown and purchased in Kansas at a slight premium to HRW by Egypt, Morocco, and South Africa. More importantly, most of this wheat would not have been sold were it not white. The South Africans don't normally purchase wheat from the US. If we can continue to increase our white wheat acreage we will continue to increase our world market share.
Publications
- Harvey, T. L., Martin, T. J., and Seifers, D. L. 2004. Effect of Roundup Ready wheat on greenbug, Russian wheat aphid and wheat curl mite. J. Agric, and Urban Entomol. 20(4):203-206.
- Seifers, D. L., She, Y. M., Harvey, T. L., Martin, T. J., Haber, S., Standing, K. G., Louie, R., and Gordon, D. T. 2004. Biological and molecular variability among high plains virus isolates. Plant Disease 88:824-829.
- Peterson, C. J., Shelton, D. R., Martin, T. J., Sears, R. G., Williams, W., and Graybosch, R. A. 2001. Grain color stability and classification of hard white wheat in the US. Euphytica 119:101-106.
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Progress 01/01/03 to 12/31/03
Outputs
We have planted the breeder seed increases for 3 new hard white wheat varieties for possible release in 2005. KS01HW152-6, KS01HW163-4, and KS02HW34 were all derived from crosses between Trego and a Betty sister line. Compared to our most popular hard white wheat, Trego, these lines have improved stripe rust resistance and more desirable bread baking quality. KS01HW163-4 and KS02HW34 are also more resistant to pre-harvest sprouting than Trego. These experimental lines will be evaluated in 2004 in the Kansas Performance Tests with Winter Wheat Varieties and the USDA's Southern Regional Performance Nursery. A high level of resistance to wheat streak mosaic virus has been incorporated into 3 new hard white breeding lines entered in the 2004 Kansas Intra-state Nursery. The resistance was originally identified in a Colorado experimental line designated CO960293. The resistance has been very effective in Kansas tests and promises to reduce loss to wheat streak mosaic
significantly. One of these experimental lines could be released in 2006. Hard white lines were identified that had a much improved seed color or brightness. The improved color was transferred to the F4 lines studied from a Kansas experimental hard white KS91W009-6-1. Color measurements with a chromometer indicated that the improved brightness increased the L value by 4 points on the Lab scale. The improved brightness had a very low relationship with kernel hardness. Studies have been initiated to determine the effects of this improved color on end use properties and the causes of the increased brightness.
Impacts
Estimated losses in Kansas in 2001 and 2003 to stripe rust were $73million and $106 million, respectively. Kansas losses to wheat streak mosaic virus have averaged over $17 million each year over the last 20 years. The development and release of the above experimentals could significantly reduce these losses.
Publications
- Malik, R., C.M. Smith, G.L. Brown-Guedira, T.L. Harvey, B.S. Gill. 2003. Intraspecific identification of wheat curl mite strains using an rDNA ITS-1 region. Genome, In Press.
- Malik, R., C.M. Smith, G.L. Brown-Guedira, T.L. Harvey, B.S. Gill. 2003. Assessment of Aegilops tauschii for resistance to diverse strains of wheat curl mites. J. Economic Entomology, In Press.
- Harvey, T.L., T.J. Martin, and D.L. Seifers. 2003. Wheat yield reduction due to wheat curl mite infestations. J. Agric. And Urban Entomology 19(1):9-13.
- Harvey, T.L., T.J. Martin, and D.L. Seifers. 2003. Resistance to the wheat curl mite prevents loss in wheat yield. J. Agric. And Urban Entomology, In Press.
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Progress 01/01/02 to 12/31/02
Outputs
A primary goal of this project is the elimination of the risk of pre-harvest sprouting in white seeded varieties released. White seeded varieties have had a tendency to be more susceptible to sprouting than are red wheats. Several sources of sprouting tolerance were identified in white wheats that provided protection from sprouting for just a few additional days. Trego is an example of this level of sprouting protection. Red wheats are usually protected from 5 to 10 days of wet weather during harvest. We began recombining various sources of tolerance in hopes of increasing the level of protection. This year we have identified 15 experimental hard white lines that demonstrated a level of sprouting tolerance equal to or better than that of Jagger, our most popular red seeded wheat variety. This level of sprouting protection will practically eliminate the risk of sprouting in western Kansas but it will also make it possible to move white wheat production further east in
Kansas. All of these lines are being tested in advanced breeding nurseries and could be released in 2 to 3 years.
Impacts
New hard white wheat varieties released with this level of sprouting protection will minimize losses to sprouting in white wheat produced in western Kansas but it will also make it possible to move white wheat production further east in Kansas. All of these lines are being tested in advanced breeding nurseries state wide and could be released in 2 to 3 years.
Publications
- V. Marque, A. K. Fritz, T. J. Martin, and G. M. Paulsen. Agronomic and quality attributes of winter durum wheat for the Great Plains. Crop Science 43(2002). In Press.
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Progress 01/01/01 to 12/31/01
Outputs
White seeded wheat is inherently more susceptible to pre-harvest sprouting than is red seeded wheat. During the late 1980s we identified several sources of sprouting tolerance in white seeded wheats. Trego carries this level of sprouting tolerance, However the Trego level of tolerance will only give protection from sprouting for one or two days of wet weather during harvest while red wheats are usually protected for 5 to 10 days. During the mid 1990s we began combining various sources of tolerance in hopes of increasing the level of protection. This year we have identified at least three experimental white seeded lines that demonstrated a level of sprouting tolerance equal to that of Jagger, one of our most popular red-seeded varieties. The Kansas Agricultural Experiment State jointly released with the Colorado Agricultural Experiment Station CO960293-2 wheat germplasm. This Colorado State developed line was found to have resistance to both the Russian wheat aphid and
wheat streak mosaic virus. This is the first time that a high level of resistance to wheat streak mosaic virus has been identified in common wheat germplasm. Previously reported high levels of resistance were derived from Agropyron species.
Impacts
This level of sprouting protection will practically eliminate the risk of sprouting in western Kansas but it will also make it possible to move white wheat production further east in Kansas. All of these lines are being tested in advanced breeding nurseries and could be released within three years.
Publications
- Haley, S. D, T. J. Martin, J. S. Quick, D. L. Seifers, J. A. Stromberger, S. R. Clayshulte, B. L. Clifford, F. B. Peairs, J. B. Rudolph, and J. J. Johnson. 2001. Registration of CO960293-2 wheat germplasm resistant to wheat streak mosaic virus and Russian wheat aphid. Crop Science: In Press.
- Haley, S. D., J. S. Quick, T. J. Martin, J. A. Stromberger, S. R. Clayshulte, B. L. Clifford, F. B. Peairs, J. B. Rudolph, and J. J. Johnson. 2001. Registration of Avalanche wheat. Crop Science: In Press.
- Seifers, D. L., T. L. Harvey, R Louie, D. T. Gordon, and T. J. Martin 2001. Differential transmission of isolates of the high plains virus by different sources of wheat curl mite. Plant Disease, In Press.
- Bockus, W. W., J. A. Apple, R. L. Bowden, A. K. Fritz, B. S. Gill, T. J. Martin, R. G. Sears, D. L. Seifers, G. L. Brown-Guedira, and M. G. Eversmeyer. 2001. Success Stories: Breeding for wheat disease resistance in Kansas. Plant Disease 85:453-461.
- Martin, T. J., A. Fritz, and J. P. Shroyer 2001. Lakin hard white wheat. Kansas State University Agricultural Experiment Station and Cooperative Extension Service, L-922, March 2001.
- Martin, T. J., A. Fritz, and J. P. Shroyer 2001. Stanton hard red winter wheat. Kansas State University Agricultural Experiment Station and Cooperative Extension Service, L-921, March 2001.
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Progress 01/01/00 to 12/31/00
Outputs
Two winter wheat cultivars were released by the KAES in 2000. Lakin (KS96H115), is a hard white wheat primarily adapted to production in southwest and west central Kansas. It is the first public developed hard white cultivar that is low in polyphenol oxidase (PPO). PPO is an enzyme that is detrimental to color stability in many types of Asian noodles. Lakin was selected from the cross Arlin/KS89H130. It was tested in the Southern Regional Performance Nursery in 1999 and 2000. The second release was Stanton (KS95H167-3). It is a hard red winter cultivar, which carries resistance to the Russian wheat aphid derived from PI220350. Stanton is primarily adapted for production in the western two tiers of counties in Kansas. This corresponds to the same areas of western Kansas that have suffered from Russian wheat aphid damage in the past. Stanton was selected from the cross PI220350/ KS87H57//TAM 200/ KS87H66/3/KS87H325. Stanton was tested in the Southern Regional
Performance Nursery in 1998 and 1999.
Impacts
As we get closer to having hard white wheat available for the export market, the release of a good Asian noodle quality wheat cultivar could prove very valuable. The Asian noodle markets have not accepted our wheats in the past and they have the greatest growth potential of any of our prospective markets for white wheat. The Russian wheat aphid resistance delivered in the form of a top performing cultivar will reduce our sporadic losses to the aphid in western Kansas.
Publications
- Sears, R. G., T. J. Martin, P. J. McCluskey, G. M. Paulsen, W. F. Heer, J. H. Long, M. D. Witt, and G. Brown-Guedira. 2001. Registration of Betty wheat. Crop Science: In Press.
- Sears, R. G., T. J. Martin, P. J. McCluskey, G. M. Paulsen, W. F. Heer, J. H. Long, M. D. Witt, and G. Brown-Guedira. 2001. Registration of Heyne wheat. Crop Science: In Press.
- Harvey, T. L., D. L. Seifers, and T. J. Martin. 2001. Host range differences between two strains of wheat curl mites (Acari: Eriophyidae). Journal of Agricultural and Urban Entomology: In Press.
- Martin, T. J., R. G. Sears, and J. P. Shroyer. 2000. Trego hard white wheat. Kansas State University Agricultural Experiment Station and Cooperative Extension Service, L-919, March 2000.
- Martin, T. J., R. G. Sears, D. L. Seifers, T. L. Harvey, M. D. Witt, A. J. Schlegel, P. J. McCluskey, and J. H. Hatchett. 2001. Registration of Trego wheat. Crop Science: In Press.
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Progress 10/01/99 to 12/31/99
Outputs
The objectives of this project are to develop improved hard white winter wheat cultivars and germplasm that will increase production efficiency and marketability of Kansas wheat. Production efficiency will be increased through selecting for improved yield potential under dryland conditions and control of our major diseases and insects through the incorporation of host resistance. Wheat marketability will be improved by developing good bread quality white wheats combined with improved noodle qualities. The project replaces project KAN00846.
Impacts
If objectives are met, the varieties developed should result in significant improvements in world market demand for Kansas wheat.
Publications
- No publications reported this period
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