Progress 10/01/99 to 09/30/04
Outputs
Phytoseiulus persimilis, Neoseiulus californicus, and the combination of these two predators are effective agents to control twospotted spider mites in strawberries grown in west-central Florida when released at one predator per plant when about 5% to 8% of the leaflets are infested with prey. P. persimilis effects control slightly more quickly than does N. californicus. Excellent control of twospotted spider mites is provided by acequinocyl, bifenazate, etoxazole, and spiromesifen. Excellent control of aphids and whiteflies is provided by imidacloprid and thiamethoxam and excellent control of lepidopterous larvae is provided by methoxyfenozide. 2005: In laboratory studies, P. persimilis predators consumed similar numbers of T. urticae and T. tumidus eggs and N. californicus predators consumed similar numbers of T. urticae and T. tumidus eggs. P. persimilis consumed almost twice as many eggs of both pest species than did N. californicus during 3 days. In replicated
treatments among three farms P. persimilis and N. californicus released once at one predator per plant controlled T. urticae and T. tumidus spider mites well. In 1-acre plots of strawberries, imidacloprid applied once at 0.5 lb a.i./acre via trickle irrigation provided season-long control of melon (Aphis gossypii) and strawberry root (Aphis forbesi) aphids and did not reduce P. persimilis or N. californicus predatory mites. In small plots of strawberries, thiamethoxam applied at 0.08, 0.125, and 0.17 lb ai/acre and imidacloprid applied at 0.4 lb ai/acre provided excellent control of the above aphids during a 7-week experiment. Single foliar spray applications of thiamethoxam at 0.03, 0.045, and 0.06 lb ai/acre and methomyl at 0.2 lb ai/acre provided excellent aphid control. In small plots of strawberries, abamectin, acequinocyl, bifenazate, etoxazole, fenpyroximate, hexythiazox, and spiromesifen in various programs of foliar spray applications provided excellent control of twospotted
spider mite. In a similar experiment 0.19 lb ai/acre of abamectin formulated as 0.15EC and experimental 0.15EC-L applied four times over 33 days provided excellent control of T. urticae.
Impacts
Spider mites and aphids are major pests of the $200 million strawberry crop in Florida. This information will enhance biological and chemical control of these pests and result in greater production efficiencies
Publications
- Price, J.F., C.K. Chandler, J.R. Duval, S.I. Rondon, and D.J. Cantliffe. 2005. Thirty years of advances in arthropod management in Floridas commercial strawberries. In Internat. Soc. Hort. Sciences Proc. 5th Internat. Strawberry Symposium Acta Hort. Brisbane, Australia (in press).
- Rondon, S.I., D.J. Cantliffe, and J.F. Price. 2005. Population dynamics of the cotton aphid, Aphis gossypii Glover (Homoptera: Aphididae) in strawberry grown under protected culture. Fla. Entomol. 152-8.
- Rondon, S.I., D.J. Cantliffe, and J.F. Price. 2004. The feeding behavior of the bigeyed bug, minute pirate bug, and pink spotted lady beetle (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) relative to main strawberry pests. Environ. Entomol. 33: 1014-19.
- Rondon, S.I., D.J. Cantliffe, and J.F. Price. 2004. An integrated pest management approach: Monitoring strawberry pests grown under protected structures. International Soc. Hort. Sciences Proc. 7th Internat. Symposium on Protected Culture in Mild Winter Climates. D.J. Cantliffe, P. Stofella and N.L. Shaw, eds. Acta Hort. 659: 351-6.
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Progress 10/01/03 to 09/30/04
Outputs
Chemical spray programs of acequinocyl, bifenazate, etoxazole, fenpyroximate, hexythiazox, pyridaben, and spiromesifen alone and in combinations with other miticides were compared to a program of abamectin and to an untreated check in strawberry. All programs provided good control of twospotted spider mite. The acequinocyl, etoxazole, and fenpyroximate add to diversity of modes of action. In other experiments on strawberry, Coleomegilla maculata third instars and adults performed well alone and in conbination with other generalist predators for control of melon aphid. In other experiments, Phytoseiulus persimilis performed better than did Amblyseius californicus in west-central Florida for twospotted spider mite control, but the opposite was true in North Florida. A. californicus may be superior to P. persimilis in west-central Florida for control of the tumid spider mite.
Impacts
Florida produces about $200 million value of strawberries each year. Twospotted spider mites and other arthropods always are economic pests and in many years are a limiting factor for economic production. This research will provide strawberry producers with chemical and biological means to reduce losses and increase the stability of the Florida strawberry industry.
Publications
- Rondon, S.I., Cantliffe, D.J., and Price, J.F. 2004. The feeding behavior of the bigeyed bug, minute pirate bug, and pink spotted lady beetle relative to main strawberry pests. Environ. Entomol. 33: 1014-1019.
- Rondon, S.I. Cantliffe, D.J. and Price, J.F. 2003. Anasa tristis development, survival, and egg distribution in Beit alpha cucumber and as prey for Coleomegilla maculata and Geocoris punctipes. Fla. Entomol. 86: 488-490.
- Price, J.F., Chandler, C.K., Duval, J.R., Rondon, S.I., Cantliffe, D.J. 2004. Thirty years of advances in arthropod management in Florida's commercial stawberries. Internat. Soc. Hort. Sci. Proc. 5th Internat. Strawberry Symposium Brisbane, Australia (in Press).
- Rondon, S.I., Cantliffe, D.J., Price, J.F. 2004. An integrated pest management approach: Monitoring strawberry pests grown under protected strauctures. Internat. Soc. Hort. Sci. Proc. Internat. Symposium of Protected Culure (in press).
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Progress 10/01/02 to 10/01/03
Outputs
Programs of acequinocyl, bifenazate, CX-7020, CX-7026, etoxazole, fenpyroximate, hexythiazox, and milbemectin alone and in combinations with other miticides were compared to a program of abamectin and to an untreated check in strawberry. All programs except that of CX-7020 provided good control of twospotted spider mite. The not yet registered acequinocyl, CX-7026, etoxazole, fenpyroximate, and milbemectin may add to diversity of modes of action. In other experiments on strawberry, experimental acequinocyl and bifenazate provided effective control of spider mites compared to grower standards. Coleomegilla maculata performed better as a biological control agent for melon aphids and twospotted spider mites on strawberry than did Geocoris punctipes or Orius insidiosus. Third instar larvae of C. maculata performed better than did other larval instars or adults. Phytoseiulus persimilis performed well as a biological control agent for twospotted spider mite in strawberry
when applied at one predator per four plants and using and abbreviated program of fenbutatin-oxide miticide.
Impacts
Florida produces about $170 million value of strawberries each year. Twospotted spider mites and other arthropods always are economic pests and in many years are a limiting factor for economic production. This research will provide strawberry producers with chemical and biological means to reduce losses and increase the stability of the Florida strawberry industry.
Publications
- Rondon, S.I., D.J. Cantliffe, and J.F. Price. 2003. Consumption of aphids and mites on strawberry by Geocoris punctipes(Say) and Coleomegilla maculata fuscilabris (Mulsant). Environ. Entomol. (Accepted for publication).
- Rondon, S.I., J.F. Price, and D.J. Cantliffe. 2003. Seasonal population dynamics of natural infestations of melon aphid grown in a glasshouse and response of Coleomegilla maculata DeGeer (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) to aphid populations. Fla. Entomol. (Accepted for publication).
- Price, J.F., C.A. Nagle and E. McCord, Jr. 2003. New miticides and programs of application for control of twospotted spider mite (Tetranychus urticae Koch (Acari: Tetranychidae) on strawberry (Fragaria x Ananassa Duch.). Proc. Fla. State Hortic. Soc. 116. (Accepted for publication).
- Handley, D.T. and J.F. Price. 2003. Insect and mite management in strawberries. Pages 94-102 in N.F. Childers, Ed. The Strawberry. Dr. Norman F. Childers Publications. Gainesville, FL. 246 pages.
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Progress 10/01/01 to 10/01/02
Outputs
A hybrid biological/miticidal control method (hexythiazox and bifenthrin in the early season and Phytoseiulus persimilis in the later season) of twospotted spider mite management achieved control of mites more slowly than each method used independently, probably because of low mite densities present at the time of predator release. A culture of twospotted spider mites possessing a 10X factor of resistance to abamectin did not possess such resistance after 6 months in culture without exposure to abamectin. In field experiment, fungicides BAS UBF and cyprodinil (37.5%)/fludioxonil (25%) and thiram did not significantly reduce numbers of Phytoseiulus persimilis predators, milbemectin reduced the predators to a density below an untreated check, but not significantly below densities from abamectin, acequinocyl and bifenazate controlled twospotted spider mites similarly, and programs of abamectin, milbemectin plus hexythiazox, acequinocyl, hexythiazox plus abamectin plus
hexythiazox, abamectin plus fenbutatinoxide, or bifenazate controlled spider mites adequately over a 6 week period.
Impacts
Twospoted spider mites and other arthropods limit strawberry production in Florida. Data from these experiments can be useful to select integrated methods of pest management that will result in efficient crop management practices.
Publications
- Handley, D. T. and J. F. Price. 2002. Insect and mite management in strawberry. In N. Childers, ed. Strawberry Production in North America. (In press)
- McCord, E. , J. F. Price and C. Nagle. 2002. Modes of action to manage resistance in insecticides and miticides ussed ion strawberry. Proc. Fla. State Hortic. Soc. (In press)
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Progress 10/01/00 to 10/01/01
Outputs
Early season introduction of predatory Phytoseiulus persimilis was effected on one farm by applying twospotted spider mites on single plants on a 15 m x 15 m grid then releasing the predaotor on those plants 1 week later to establish nurseries of predators throughout the field. Predators brought spidermites under season-long control in about 10 weeks. That was about 3 weeks longer for control than normally experienced with release of about five predators on every fifth plant after five percent of the strawberry leaflets are infested with spider mites. In two field experiments two weekly applications of fenpropathrin, BAS516, a formulation of cyprodinil and fludioxonil, and two formulations of thiram were applied to populations of Phytoseiulus persimils predators. Reproducing populations of the predator survived the chemical treatments but were reduced by fenpropathrin. Dried residues of Biomite miticide applied at two concentrations failed to control spider mites on
strawberry in two greenhouse and field experiments. Season long programs of twospotted spider mite control in the field involving 18 treatments of abamectin, hexythiazox, geraniol formulated with citronellol, bifenazate, milbemectin, cinnamaldehyde, and UCB9906 were performed. At the end of the programs, the most effective control was from treatments that incorporated abamectin, hexythiazox, milbemectin, and bifenazate.
Impacts
Twospotted spider mites and other arthropods limit strawberry production in Florida. Data from these experiments can be useful to select integrated methods of pest management that will result in efficient crop management practices.
Publications
- van de Vrie, M. and J.F. Price. 1997. Location and dispersal of Phytoseiulus persimilis in strawberry ecosystems. Med. Fac. Landbouww. Univ. Gent. 62/2b: 440-454.(previously unreported)
- Price, J.F., C.A. Nagle, E. McCord. 2002. Insecticide and Mollusciicides for Management of Snail and Slug Pests of Florida Strawberry. (in press).
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Progress 10/01/99 to 09/30/00
Outputs
Field experiments were conducted to evaluate effects of cultural practices and agricultural chemicals on pest and beneficial arthropods in strawberry. In 2 experiments, 2 applications of 6 agricultural chemicals were made to strawberry hosting Tetranychus urticae (twospotted spider mite) and their predators, Phytoseiulus persimilis. Two weeks later, compared to the untreated check, there was no reduction of predators from spinosad 2SC at 3 or 6 ounces per acre. There was almost an elimination of the predatory mites by methomyl or bifenthrin and there was an intermediate effect from the fungicides, fenhexamid or azoxystrobin. P. persimilis released on 3 farms resulted in control of T. urticae in 8 weeks. Season-long programs of T. urticae control involving 17 treatments of abamectin, TD2383, bifenthrin, geraniol/citonellol, RM131 soap, UCB 9906, and etoxazole were performed. At the end of the programs, the most effective control was from TD2383 and etoxazole. In
another experiment, milbemectin 1%EC was applied twice to high populations of T. urticae at 24, 32, or 48 ounces per acre and was compared to abamectin and an untreated check. No treatments provided satisfactory control and there were no differences among chemical treatments. Thiamethoxam and bifenthrin were applied to strawberry to control Nitidulidae sap beetles. Bifenthrin reduced populations slightly.
Impacts
Twospotted spider mites and other arthropods limit strawberry production in Florida. Data from these experiments can be useful to select integrated methods of pest management that will result in efficient crop production practices.
Publications
- Price, J.F., Legard, D.E., Chandler, C.A. 2001. Twospotted spider mite resistance to abamectin miticide on strawberry and strategies for resistance management. Acta Horticulturae. (In Press).
- Stapleton, S., Chandler, C.K., Legard, D.E., Price, J.F. 2001. Transplant source affects fruiting performance and pests of 'Sweet Charlie'. HortTechnology. (In Press).
- Xio, C.L., Chandler, C.A., Price, J.F., Mertley, J.C., and Legard, D.E. 2001. Comparison of epidemics of Botrytis fruit rot and powdery mildew of strawberry between large plastic tunnel and field production systems. Plant Disease. (In Press).
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Progress 01/01/99 to 12/31/99
Outputs
Ten experiments were performed to evaluate effects of cultural practices, biological control, and experimental agricultural chemicals on arthropods affecting strawberry. Effects of field strawberry production in walk-in plastic tunnels, selection of cultivar and use of captan fungicide for disease control on pest and beneficial arthropods were examined in one experiment. Tunnel culture resulted in increased strawberry root aphids (Aphis forbesi) but only on the Sweet Charlie variety, increased twospotted spider mite (Tetranychus urticae), increased silverleaf whitefly (Bemisia argentifolia) and resulted in decreased parasitization of strawberry root aphids by hymenopterous wasps. Otherwise, choice of cultivar or use of captan fungicide resulted in no measurable effects on arthropods. Predatory Phytoseiulus persimilis mites were released for twospotted spider mite (Tetranychus urticae) control in four experiments at one 6-acre site in Dover and three sites smaller than
0.5 acres in Bradenton. Released predators controlled spider mites in about 8-9 weeks at each site regardless of the size of strawberry plants at the time predators were released. One field experiment was performed to evalutate programs of abamectin, cinnamaldehyde, bifenthrin and abamectin rotations, bifenthrin and cyhexatin rotations, and a Beauveria bassiana fungus insecticidal preparation for management of twospotted spider mite. The most effective programs were those involving abamectin or cyhexatin and the least effective programs were those of cinnamaldehyde or Beauveria bassiana. To clarify farmers' observations that abamectin was no longer providing satisfactory control of twospotted spider mites, four experiments were performed that determined more twospotted spider mites from suspect farms survived than did mites from a reference colony when exposed to plants treated with abamectin 0.15 EC at 4 oz./acre. There was no difference in response of the spider mites at 8 or 16
oz./acre. Two experiments were performed to determine the LC50 of abamectin on the suspect and reference strain of twospotted spider mite. There was about a 10X factor of tolerance between the strains.
Impacts
Arthropods constitute a major loss factor in Florida strawberry production. These data will be useful to integrate biological, cultural and chemical controls to mitigate losses.
Publications
- PRICE, JAMES F. 1999. Managing miticide resistance in twospotted spider mites in Florida strawberries: 1999 to 2000 season. Pages 23-4 in D. Legard and C. Chandler, eds. University of Florida Gulf Coast Research and Education Center - Dover Res. and Ext. Rept. 99-1. 27 pages.
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