Progress 03/01/99 to 02/28/04
Outputs
During the past five years, four peanut cultivars, 'Georgia Hi-O/L', 'Georgia Valencia', 'Georgia-01R', and 'Georgia-02C' have been developed and released from the Georgia peanut breeding program. Georgia-02C is a new high-oleic runner-type peanut (Arachis hypogaea L. subsp. hypogaea var. hypogaea) cultivar (Reg. no. CV-76, PI 632380) that was released by the Georgia Agricultural Experiment Stations in 2002. It too was developed at the University of Georgia, Coastal Plain Experiment Station. Georgia-02C has the high oleic and low linoleic fatty acid oil chemistry with medium maturity and spreading runner growth habit similar to AgraTech 201. Georgia-02C is highly productive and has shown a high level of disease resistance to tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV), Cylindrocladium black rot (CBR), and white mold or stem rot. During three years (1999-2001) at a test site known to be heavily infested with CBR, Georgia -01R and Georgia-02C were found to have comparable or better
CBR resistance as 'NC 12C', 'Perry', 'NC 8C', and the germplasm line NC 3033. In another three year study, highly significant (P 0.01) genotype x seeding rate interaction was found among six runner-type peanut cultivars and three seeding rates. 'Georgia Green' performed subpar at the below normal or lowest seeding rate; whereas at the highest seeding rate, Georgia Green and Georgia-01R produced the highest pod yield and dollar value return per hectare of all cultivars.
Impacts
Georgia Hi-O/L is a high-yielding, high-oleic, virginia-type peanut cultivar with a high level of TSWV-resistance. Georgia Valencia is a high-yielding, large-podded, valencia-type peanut cultivar for the fresh-market boiling trade in the Southeast. Georgia-01R is a high-yielding, multiple-pest-resistance, runner-type peanut cultivar which should be beneficial in reducing pesticide. Georgia-02C is a high-yielding, high-oleic, runner-type peanut cultivar with a high level of TSWV, CBR, and stem rot resistance.
Publications
- Branch, W.D. 2003. Registration of 'Georgia-02C' peanut. Crop Sci. 43: 1883-1884.
- Branch, W. D. and T. B. Brenneman. 2003. Field resistance to cylindrocladium black rot and tomato spotted wilt virus among advanced runner-type peanut breeding lines. Crop Protection 22: 729-734.
- Branch, W. D., J. A. Baldwin, and A. K. Culbreath. 2003. Genotype x seeding rate interaction among TSWV-resistant,runner-type peanut cultivars. Peanut Sci. 30: (in press).
- Branch, W. D. and S. M. Fletcher. 2003. Minimum-Input nonirrigated preliminary peanut yield trials. Proc. Amer. Peanut Res. Educ. Soc. 35: (in press).
- Branch, W.D. 2003. Uniform Peanut Performance Tests-2002. UGA/CPES Res. Prog. Rept. No. 4-03, pp. 1-24.
- Branch, W. D., A. E. Coy, and J. L. Day. 2003. 2002 Georgia peanut breeding lines and variety trials. In R. C. Kemerait, Jr. (ed.) 2002 Georgia Peanut Res. Ext. Rept. UGA/CPES Res-Ext. Publ. No. 2-2003: 33-43.
- Branch, W. D. 2003. 'Georgia-02C' A new high-oleic runner-type peanut variety with TSWV and CBR resistance. Southeastern Peanut Farmer (Tifton, GA) 41 (1):11.
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Progress 01/01/02 to 12/31/02
Outputs
Georgia-01R is a new multiple pest resistant runner type peanut cultivar. It was developed at the University of Georgia, Coastal Plain Experiment Station and released in 2001. Georgia-01R has shown a high level of disease resistance to tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV), early and late leafspot, stem rot or white mold, Cylindrocladium black rot (CBR), and insect resistance to leaf hoppers. When grown with recommended or reduced pesticides, Georgia -01R was found to have a significantly lower percentage of disease incidence, higher yield, better grade, and greater dollar value return per acre compared to C-99R, Southern Runner, and Florida MDR 98. Significant genetic variability was found among advanced gamma irradiation induced large seeded mutant breeding lines in the Georgia Browne peanut cultivar. For three consecutive years, the normal O/L ratio cultivar Georgia Green and the high O/L ratio cultivar Georgia Hi-O/L were found to have the highest pod yield, and
comparably high level of TSWV resistance when compared to 11 other cultivars with and without irrigation.
Impacts
Georgia-01R is a new multiple pest resistant runner type peanut cultivar. It should be beneficial in lowering production cost through the use of reduced pesticides which is also favorable for the environment and consumers of peanut and peanut products. Georgia-01R may be an excellent choice for organic growers as well, since it has been tested and grown without any pesticides (fungicides, insecticides, nematicides, and miticides). However, reduced pesticides would appear to be a better alternative for greater net returns.
Publications
- Branch, W.D. 2002. Registration of `Georgia-01R' peanut. Crop Sci. 42: 1750-1751.
- Branch, W. D. 2002. Variability among advanced gamma-irradiation induced large seeded mutant breeding lines in the `Georgia Browne' peanut cultivar. Plant Breeding 121: 275-277.
- Branch, W. D. , T. B. Brenneman, and A. K. Culbreath. 2002. Tomato spotted wilt virus resistance among high and normal O/L ratio peanut cultivars with and without irrigation. Crop Protection 22: (in press).
- Branch, W. D. and T. B. Brenneman. 2002. Field evaluation trials of peanut genotypes for Cylindrocladium black rot (CBR) resistance. Proc. Amer. Peanut Res. Educ. Soc. 34: (in press).
- Branch, W.D. 2002. Uniform Peanut Performance Tests-2001. UGA/CPES Res. Prog. Rept. No. 4-02, pp. 1-25.
- Branch, W. D., A. E. Coy, and J. L. Day. 2002. 2001 Georgia peanut breeding lines and variety trials. In R. C. Kemerait, Jr. (ed.) 2001 Georgia Peanut Res. Ext. Rept. UGA/CPES Res-Ext. Publ. No. 2-2002: 78-86.
- Branch, W. D. 2002. `Georgia Green' The best variety for higher yield, better grade, and greater dollar value return per acre. Southeastern Peanut Farmer (Tifton, GA) 40 (1):8.
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Progress 01/01/01 to 12/31/01
Outputs
Every year, the fresh market peanut boiling trade in the southeastern USA has a small but consistent demand. Valencia types are traditionally used for this fresh market trade. Georgia Valencia is such a new high yielding, large seeded, valencia type peanut cultivar. It was developed at the University of Georgia, Coastal Plain Experiment Station and released in 2000. During the past five years (1996 to 2000), Georgia Valencia was found to have significantly higher yield and dollar value return per acre and significantly larger pod and seed size than other valencia cultivars. It also has disease tolerance equal to Georgia Red, and significantly better than N. M. Valencia A, N. M. Valencia C, and Valencia McRan. A lutescent leaf color mutant was recently found in an advanced Georgia peanut breeding line. Inheritance data indicated that two duplicate recessive genes, designated lut1, and lut2, control this lutescent leaf color trait. No maternal or cytoplasmic effects
were detected among progenies from reciprocal crosses.
Impacts
Georgia Valencia is a new high yielding, large seeded, valencia type peanut cultivar that is intended for the fresh market boiling trade in the southeastern USA. It has a significantly higher percentage of large fancy pods that other valencia cultivars. It also is better adapted to the southeast growing conditions with less disease incidence than New Mexico cultivars.
Publications
- Branch, W. D. 2001. Registration of 'Georgia Valencia' peanut. Crop Sci. 41:2002-2003.
- Branch, W. D. 2001. Inheritance of a lutescent leaf color trait in peanut. J. Hered. 92:436-437.
- Branch, W. D. 2001. Genetic relationship between purple and wine testa color in peanut. Peanut Sci. 28: 19-20.
- Branch, W. D. and S. M. Fletcher. 2001. No pesticide preliminary yield trials in peanut. Peanut Sci. 28: 21-24.
- Branch, W. D. and J. A. Baldwin. 2001. Peanut genotype x seeding rate interaction study. Proc. Amer. Peanut Res. Educ. Soc. 34: (in press).
- Branch, W. D. 2001. Uniform Peanut Performance Tests 2000. UGA/CPES Res. Prog. Rept. No. 4-01, pp. 1-24.
- Branch, W. D. 2001. 'Georgia Green' The best variety for greater dollar returns and lower seed costs in the Southeast. Southeastern Peanut Farmer (Tifton, GA) 39 (1):11.
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Progress 01/01/00 to 12/31/00
Outputs
Peanut oil quality is directly related to higher ratio of oleic (O) to linoleic (L) fatty acids for longer stability and shelf-life of peanut products. Georgia Hi-O/L is such a new high O/L fatty acid ratio peanut cultivar. It was developed at the University of Georgia, Coastal Plain Experiment Sation and released in 1999. Georgia Hi-O/L has averaged significantly higher yield and dollar value return per acre than SunOleic 97R, Flavor Runner 458, and GK-7 High Oleic at multilocations in Georgia for the past several years. Georgia Hi-O/L also has a high level of resistance to tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV)and maturity comparable to Georgia Green. Preliminary yield trials without pesticides were conducted for 3-years under irrigation. Results from these no-pesticide tests strongly suggest that it would be economically feasible to significantly reduce pesticide costs with several multiple disease resistant advanced Georgia peanut breeding lines. Genetic relationship
was recently studied among wine and purple testa colors. The findings illustrated that the dominant purple testa color gene (P) is independent from at least one of the two (duplicate) recessive wine genes (w1w1 or w2w2).
Impacts
Georgia Hi-O/L is a new high-yielding, high O/L peanut cultivar with a high level of resistance to tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV). It also has a large percentage of jumbo runner seed size. The high O/L trait provides for longer shelf-life, improved oil quality, and better nutrition.
Publications
- Branch, W.D. 2000. Registration of Georgia Hi-O/L peanut. Crop Sci. 40: 1823-1824.
- Branch, W.D. 2000. Genetic relationship among purple and wine testa color in peanut. Peanut Sci. 27: (in press).
- Branch, W. D. and S. M. Fletcher. 2000. No-pesticide preliminary yield trials in peanut. Peanut Sci. 27: (in press).
- Branch, W. D. 2000. Mutation breeding for peanut improvement. Proc. Amer. Peanut Res. Educ. Soc. 32: (in press).
- Branch, W.D. 2000. Uniform Peanut Performance Tests-1999. UGA/CPES Res. Prog. Rept. No. 4-00, pp. 1-23.
- Branch, W. D. 2000. Three-year performance of Georgia Green. Southeastern Peanut Farmer (Tifton, GA) 38(1)13.
- Branch, W. D. 2000. Georgia Green responds to increased seeding rates with less TSWV, higher yields and greater returns. www.gapeanuts.com/pages 26-27.
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Progress 01/01/99 to 12/31/99
Outputs
The major peanut-producing regions in the U.S. are currently faced with an increasing tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV) problem, and the most effective control is the use of resistant cultivars. A new runner-type cultivar 'Georgia Green', that has a high level of TSWV resistance, was recently released by the University of Georgia. Georgia Green was compared to Florunner, a previously popular runner cultivar, for three consecutive years, 1995-97. The results showed that the Georgia Green cultivar had approximately half the TSWV disease intensity of Florunner, and Georgia Green averaged 47% greater yield and 53% more dollar value returns per acre than Florunner. Georgia Green was also found to have similar percentage of jumbo seed, more medium seed, and fewer No. 1 seed than Florunner in runner seed size distribution. Mass-selected peanut populations were evaluated with parental check cultivars for pod yield and stem rot resistance. The resistant spanish cultivar,
Toalson, produced higher pod yields and had fewer stem rot disease loci than the other partially resistant runner cultivar, Southern Runner. Mass-selected populations derived from the Sunbelt Runner x Toalson cross combination also had significantly higher yield and better stem rot resistance than mass-selected populations derived from the Florunner x Southern Runner cross combination. Two peanut genetic stocks (Rusty-Leaf and White-Spot Testa Color) have been released by the Georgia Agricultural Experiment Stations and registered (Reg. no. GS-7, PI 608669 and GS-8, PI 608670; respectively) with the Crop Science Society of America.
Impacts
"Georgia Green" is a new high-yielding runner-type peanut cultivar with a high level of resistance to tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV). Georgia Green combines high yield and excellent grade with TSWV-resistance which results in greater dollar value return per acre. Georgia Green is similar to the long-term standard Florunner variety in maturity, seed size distribution, blanchability, protein and oil content, iodine value, flavor, and nutrition.
Publications
- Branch, W.D., and Culbreath, A.K. 1999. Effect of continuous seed size selection among two runner-type peanut cultivars. Peanut Sci. 26:53-56.
- Branch, W.D. and Fletcher, S.M. 1999. No-pesticide preliminary yield trials. Proc. Amer. Peanut Res. Educ. Soc. 31:(in press).
- Sanders, T.H., and Branch, W.D. 1999. Resveratrol variability in edible peanuts. Proc. Amer. Peanut Res. Educ. Soc. 31:(in press).
- Todd, J.W., Culbreath, A.K., Gorbet, D.W., Baldwin, J.A., Brown, S.L., Branch, W.D., and Fletcher, S.M. 1999. Discrete and interactive effects of cultivar, plant population, and in-furrow insecticide on final intensity of spotted wilt disease, and yield of peanut at two locations in Georgia and Florida. Proc. Amer. Peanut Res. Educ. Soc. 31:(in press).
- Branch, W.D. 1999. Table 3, p. 14. In: W.D. Branch (Coord.) Uniform Peanut Performance Tests 1998. UGA/CPES Res. Prog. Rept. No. 99-4.
- Branch, W.D. 1999. Georgia Bold: a new large-seeded runner-type peanut variety. Southeastern Peanut Farmer (Tifton, GA) 31(1):9.
- Branch, W.D. 1999. Performance of the "Georgia Green" variety. Southeastern Peanut Farmer (Tifton, GA) 37(2):10.
- Branch, W.D. 1999. Registration of rusty-leaf peanut genetic stock. Crop Sci. 39:1540.
- Branch, W.D. 1999. Registration of white-spot testa color peanut genetic stock. Crop Sci. 39:1540.
- Branch, W.D., and Brenneman, T.B. 1999. Stem rot disease evaluation of mass-selected peanut populations. Crop Protection 18:127-130.
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