Source: NORTH CAROLINA STATE UNIV submitted to NRP
ANALYSIS OF PRIVATE INVESTMENTS AND PUBLIC PROGRAMS TO ACHIEVE SUSTAINABLE FOREST MANAGEMENT
Sponsoring Institution
National Institute of Food and Agriculture
Project Status
COMPLETE
Funding Source
MCINTIRE-STENNIS
Reporting Frequency
Annual
Accession No.
0180150
Grant No.
(N/A)
Cumulative Award Amt.
(N/A)
Proposal No.
(N/A)
Multistate No.
(N/A)
Project Start Date
Oct 1, 1998
Project End Date
Sep 30, 2004
Grant Year
(N/A)
Program Code
[(N/A)]- (N/A)
Recipient Organization
NORTH CAROLINA STATE UNIV
(N/A)
RALEIGH,NC 27695
Performing Department
FORESTRY
Non Technical Summary
(N/A)
Animal Health Component
50%
Research Effort Categories
Basic
50%
Applied
50%
Developmental
(N/A)
Classification

Knowledge Area (KA)Subject of Investigation (SOI)Field of Science (FOS)Percent
6050699301050%
6050699310050%
Knowledge Area
605 - Natural Resource and Environmental Economics;

Subject Of Investigation
0699 - Trees, forests, and forest products, general;

Field Of Science
3010 - Economics; 3100 - Management;
Goals / Objectives
The principal objectives of this research project will be to enhance our economic and policy analyses of means to achieve sustainable forest management in the South and in the world. Combined, the Co-Principal Investigators for this project combined have excellent skills in resource economics, econometrics, forest finance, resource policy, and international forestry. Interdisciplinary work among social scientists, as well as with colleagues in other disciplines, will be required to enhance our understanding of sustainable forest management and our potential to reach that goal. Specific objectives for this research project will include several components, as follow below. (1) Develop and apply enhanced southern timber supply models to assess forest conditions and prospects, in relation to world and national timber markets.(2) Analyze financial returns to timber investments in the South, and compare thosewith those from other regions of the nation and world. (3) Analyze nonmarket values, benefits, and costs of forests in the South and in the world, in order to assess tradeoffs related to different forest uses. (4) Analyze the impacts of public policies and programs on multiple forest benefits, including commodity and non-commodity outputs (5) Integrate economic and political analyses with ecological knowledge to assessmeans to enhance sustainable forest management for the benefit of society.
Project Methods
Southern timber supply will be modeled using a simulation approach developed by researchers at NC State University. This approach can examine the effect of intensive management or public policies on southern market prices, inventory, and harvests. Forest finance calculations will be made that can help formulate inputs into the timber supply modeling or into nonmarket valuations. Resource economic methods will be used to evaluate nonmarket goods and services provided from forests, regionally and internationally. Based on the economic evaluations and separate assessments of public opinions and political trends, various forest policies and programs will be evaluated for their merits in increasing sustainable forest management on public and private lands.

Progress 10/01/98 to 09/30/04

Outputs
Fred Cubbage performed research on forest policy, sustainable forestry, and forest certification. In particular, he focused on the interactions among sustainable forest management, intensive forestry, forest biodiversity, and forest certification. These areas were the focus of much of his research in the first seven months of the year, and became the basis for an Environmental Science Teaching/Research Fulbright award for Argentina and Uruguay. He took this award as a sabbatical to the countries from August to December 2004, and taught and studied more about these subjects while there. Cubbage finished projects on analysis of wood chip mills in the Southeast and the costs of forest certification North Carolina, as well as worked with Jacek Siry, who has now left the university, on the status of sustainable forest management criteria and indicators and forest certification programs in the world. Toddi Steelman's work focused on investigating how communities respond to wildfire. She is now turning her attention from wildfire issues in the West to wildfire issues in the Southeast. She is placing an emphasis on restoring fire-adapted ecosystems, such as pocosin and longleaf pine, and promoting forest based economic development. Erin Sills conducted a survey and several outreach meetings on woodland management by limited resource landowners, completed an evaluation of a Brazilian state government policy to subsidize rubber production from natural forest, compiled and evaluated a comprehensive list of data sources for measuring Montreal Process Criteria and Indicators in the US South, and collaborated with graduate students on research topics ranging from chain of custody certification in Japan to technology adoption in Togo. Susan Moore led NC State University in obtaining joint FSC-SFI certification with Duke University and the NC Division of Forest Resources and has sponsored continuing education workshops on certification and the impacts on non-industrial private landowners. Joe Cox managed the College Forests and led our current efforts on forest management, student training at the summer camp, and obtaining forest certification. Doug Frederick served as Chair of the Colege Forests commmittee and was involved with the faculty oversight of the forest management and the forest certification discussions. Robert Abt has served as Director of Graduate Programs for the Department of Forestry and advised students in forest economics. He has continued development and application of the SubRegional Timber Supply (SRTS) model, with applications to timber supply questions, market modeling, and climate change impacts in the U.S. South and elsewhere. The model has been expanded to include endogenous land use and timber harveting models, and can employ a single product or multi-product timber supply modeling approach. He was assisted by SoEun Ahn, who has since left the university. The publications from these co-PIs and related persons and projects on these subjects for 2004 are listed below. Prior CRIS reports list the publications for preceding years.

Impacts
The impacts of this research will broadly help determine the status of southern forest conditions and the impact of global change on those forests, which will help formulate public policies for improving their status. Our research and analyses of the impacts of wood chip mills, and assessment of nonmarket, amenity and wildlife values will help understand how these values will contribute to forest management and protection decisions. The broader work on the status of forest certification and data on sustainable forest management will help monitor and track changes in forest conditions, and provide a better means for discussion of these trends at a local and global level.

Publications

  • Pressley, Thresa, Frederick Cubbage, and Jacek Siry. 2004. Global status and U.S. costs of forest certification. In: Proceedings of the 2003 Southern Forest Economics Workers Annual Meeting. p. 68-76.
  • Siry, Jacek and Fred Cubbage. 2004. Who owns the world's forests: implications for sustainable forest management. In: Proceedings of the 2003 Southern Forest Economics Workers Annual Meeting. p. 77-84.
  • Marsinko, Allan, Fred Cubbage, Joe Cox, and Susan Moore. 2004. Forest Stewardship Council certification conditions, management impacts, and costs for NC State University college forests. In: Proceedings of the 2003 Southern Forest Economics Workers Annual Meeting. p. 95-105.
  • Cubbage, Frederick. Sustainable forest management, forest certification, tree improvement, and forest biotechnology. 2004. In: Proceedings, Southern Forest Tree Improvement Conference. June 24-27. Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma. p. 6-15. Sponsored Publication No. 49 of the Southern Forest Tree Improvement Committee. Also available at: http://digital.library.okstate.edu/
  • Siry, Jacek P., Daniel J. Robison, and Frederick W. Cubbage. 2004. The economics of hardwood management in the U.S. South. Forest Landowner 63(2):32-34. March/April.
  • Warren, S.T. 2004. Public Interests in Private Property: Conflicts over Wood Chip Mills in North Carolina. Southern Rural Sociology 19(2):114-131.
  • Warren, S.T. 2004. One Step Further: Women's Access to and Control Over Farm and Forest Resources in the U.S. South. Southern Rural Sociology 19(2):94-113.
  • Warren, S.T. (ed.). 2004. Pioneering Communities: Revisiting New Deal Resettlement and Minority Land Issues. Tuskegee University, Tuskegee, AL. 58 pages.
  • Cubbage, Frederick W. 2004. Costs of forestry best management practices: A review. Water, Air, and Soil Pollution: Focus 4(1):131-142.
  • Pattanayak, Subhrendu K., Robert C. Abt, Allan J. Sommer, Fred Cubbage, Brian C. Murray, Jui-Chen Yang, David Wear, and SoEun Ahn. 2004. Forest forecasts: does individual heterogeneity matter for market and landscape outcomes? Forest Policy and Economics 6:243-260.
  • Potter, K.M., F.W. Cubbage, G.B. Blank, and R.H. Schaberg. 2004. A watershed-scale model for predicting nonpoint pollution risk in North Carolina. Environmental Management 34(1):62-74.
  • Pattanayak, S.K., E.O. Sills, and R. Kramer. 2004. Seeing the Forests for the Fuel. Environment and Development Economics 9(2):155-179.
  • Mance, K., E. Sills, and S. Warren. 2004. Outreach to Limited Resource Forest Landowners: Extension Innovation for Low Literacy Audiences. Human Dimensions of Family, Farm, and Community Forestry. D. Baumgartner, ed., Pullman, WA.
  • Sills, E.O., S. Atmadja, S. Warren, and R. Estevez, 2004. Sustaining Diversity: Limited-resource Forest Landowners in the Southern United States. Human Dimensions of Family, Farm, and Community Forestry. D. Baumgartner, ed., Pullman, WA.
  • Blank, G.B. 2004. A Case Integrating Historical Ecology to Restore a Transitional Pinus palustris Community. Pp. 221-232. In: Honnay, O., K. Verheyen, B. Bossuyt and M. Hermy, (eds.). Forest Biodiversity: Lessons from History for Conservation CABI Publishing, Wallingford, Oxon, UK.
  • Koontz, Thomas, Toddi A. Steelman, JoAnn Carmin, Katrina Smith Korfmacher, Cassandra Moseley and Craig Thomas. 2004. Collaborative Environmental Management: What Role for Government? Washington, DC: Resources for the Future. 210 pp.
  • Steelman, Toddi A., Ginger Kunkel and Devona Bell. 2004. Federal and State Influences on Community Responses to Wildfire: Arizona, Colorado and New Mexico. Journal of Forestry 2002(September):21-28.
  • Steelman, Toddi A. and Ginger Kunkel. 2004. Effective Community Responses to Wildfire Threats: Lessons from New Mexico. Society and Natural Resources 17:679-699.
  • Martin, Ingrid and Toddi A. Steelman. 2004. Measuring and Analyzing Agency Goals and Objectives: Challenges for the USFS in the Age of GPRA. Policy Sciences 37(1):37-69.
  • Steelman, Toddi A., Ginger Kunkel and Devona Bell. 2004. Innovative Community Responses to Wildfire Risk. Southwest Community Forestry Research Center Newsletter. Issue 7, June. Pp. 1-2, 7.
  • Donoghue, Ellen M., Frederick W. Cubbage, and D. Evan Mercer. 2003. Contract NGOs in Community-Based Forest Management in the Philippines. Journal of Sustainable Forestry 17(4):47-73.


Progress 01/01/03 to 12/31/03

Outputs
This research and education project continues to make good progress. Perhaps most notable, we published a book in 2003 titled "Forests in a Market Economy." This book was edited by Erin O. Sills, a Co-PI on our project, and Karen Lee Abt, of the USDA Forest Service. Drs. Sills, Fred Cubbage, Robert Abt, Jacek Siry, and SoEun Ahn all contributed chapters to the book, as did many colleagues with the USDA Forest Service Research Work Unit stationed in Research Triangle Park, NC. The book covers general themes of timber production and markets, multiple products from forests, and non-market valuation, with detailed review chapters with empirical examples in each chapter. We also have made excellent progress in research on timber supply in the South and North, including published articles on timber supply projections for the U.S. South and for New England by Robert Abt and others. Cubbage, Sills and others have completed and published articles on forest certification, international forestry programs, and ecotourism. Steelman has completed and published research on natural resource institutions and on community responses to wilfire threats in the West. Frederick has continued projects on wetland restoration and payments for environmental services, and added interests in international forest restoration. Cox has helped lead the Department efforts to receive forest certification for our College forests. We will continue with these programs in the future as this research project continues. We intend to renew it with a similar focus on analyses of markets and public policies in forestry and their effect on sustainable forest management and natural resource allocation, use, and protection.

Impacts
Our research has had major impacts in leadership in the theory and applications of social sciences in forestry and natural resources. Our project on forest certification resulted in our College forest receiving joint certification from the environmental Forest Stewardship Council (FSC) and the industry Sustainable Forestry Initiative (SFI), which provides the first and leading example of integrated university research, teaching, and outreach on forest certification in the United States. The book Forests in a Market Economy summarizes the state of the art in forest economics for market and nonmarket goods and services, and will be a standard reference in the field for graduate students and for practitioners. The research on community responses to wildfire threats has already helped improve administration in western states and will lead to publications in the future. Furthermore, our timber supply models have become the standard used for the U.S. South in public sector analyses and by forest products firms, and are being extended to the rest of the country.

Publications

  • Siry, Jacek, Frederick W. Cubbage, and Erin O. Sills. 2003. Production economics: timber harvesting. In: Forests in a Market Economy. Kluwer Academic Publishers. Edited by Erin Sills and Karen Lee Abt. p. 59-76.
  • Abt, Robert and SoEun Ahn. 2003. Timber demand. In: Forests in a Market Economy. Kluwer Academic Publishers. Edited by Erin Sills and Karen Lee Abt. p. 133-152.
  • Moffat, Steverson O., Frederick W. Cubbage, Thomas P. Holmes, and Elizabethann O'Sullivan. 2003. Using issue network analysis to assess potential policy implications of sustainable forest management in the United States. In: Forest Policy for Private Forestry: Global and Regional Challenges. Edited by: Lawrence Teeter, Benjamin Cashore, and Daowei Zhang. CABI Publishing. New York. p. 29-40.
  • Cubbage, Frederick, Daniel Richter, Michael Thompson, Susan Moore, Judson Edeburn, Michael Chesnutt, Joseph Cox, and Warren Boyette. 2003. Forest certification costs and benefits: the experience of the Southern Center for Sustainable Forests. In: Proceedings, 2002 Society of American Foresters Annual Convention. Society of American Foresters. Bethesda, MD. p. 236-242.
  • Cubbage, Frederick, Robert Abt, Jacek Siry, and SoEun Ahn. 2003. Southern comments on issues affecting the findings of the 2002 RPA Timber Assessment. In: The Long-Term Outlook for U.S. Timber and Forest Products. Kenneth Skog, Editor. Forest Products Society. Madison, WI. p. 45-50.
  • Cubbage, Frederick, Susan Moore, Joseph Cox, Larry Jervis, Judson Edeburn, Daniel Richter, Warren Boyette, Mike Thompson, and Michael Chesnutt. 2003. Forest certification of state and university lands in North Carolina. Journal of Forestry 101(8):26-31.
  • Chhabra, Deepak, Erin Sills, and Frederick W. Cubbage. 2003. The significance of festivals to rural economies: estimating the impacts of Scottish Highland Games in North Carolina. Journal of Travel Research 41(4):421-427.
  • Mandell, Myrna and Toddi A. Steelman. 2003. Understanding what can be accomplished through interorganizational relationships: the importance of typologies, context and management strategies. Public Management Review 5(2): 197-224.
  • Pattanayak, Subhrendu, E. Sills, A. Mehta, and R. Kramer. 2003. Local uses of parks: uncovering patterns of household production from the forests of Siberut, Indonesia. Conservation and Society 1(2):209-222.
  • Pattanayak, Subhrendu, D.Evan Mercer, Erin Sills, and J. C. Yang. 2003. Taking stock of agroforestry adoption studies. Agroforestry Systems. 57:173-186.
  • Chhabra, Deepak, Robert Healy, and Erin Sills. 2003. Staged authenticity and heritage tourism: perceptions by visitors at a Scottish festival in North Carolina. Annals of Tourism Research 30(3):702-719.
  • Snider, Anthony, Subhrendu Pattanayak, Erin Sills, and Jamie Schuler. 2003. Policy innovations for private forest management and conservation in Costa Rica. Journal of Forestry 101(5):18-23.
  • Sills, Erin O. and Karen Lee Abt, editors. 2003. Forests in a Market Economy. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht. 379 p.
  • Sills, Erin and Karen Lee Abt. 2003. Introduction. In: Forests in a Market Economy. Edited by Erin Sills and Karen Lee Abt. p. 1-8.
  • Sills, Erin O., Sharachchandra Lele, Thomas P. Holmes, and Subhrendu Pattanayak. 2003. Nontimber forest products in the rural household economy. In: Forests in a Market Economy. Edited by Erin Sills and Karen Lee Abt. p. 259-282.
  • Englin, Jeffrey, Thomas P. Holmes, and Erin O. Sills. 2003. Estimating forest recreation demand using count data models. In: Forests in a Market Economy. Edited by Erin Sills and Karen Lee Abt. p. 341-360.
  • Siry, Jacek P., Frederick W. Cubbage, and Miyan Rukunuddin Ahmed. 2003. Sustainable forest management: global trends and opportunities. XII World Forestry Congress. Quebec City, Canada. English, French, and Spanish. In: Proceedings, XII World Forestry Congress. p. 291-299 in Actas del Congreso, C-Gente y Bosques en Armonia.
  • Siry, Jacek, and Frederick Cubbage. 2003. World forests: forest area, ownership, and management. Kluwer Academic Publishers. In: Forests in a Market Economy. Edited by Erin Sills and Karen Lee Abt. p. 9-21.
  • Cubbage, Frederick, Susan Moore, Joseph Cox, Larry Jervis, Judson Edeburn, Daniel Richter, Warren Boyette, Mike Thompson, and Michael Chesnutt. 2003. Implementing forest certification in North Carolina: Systems, Costs, and Forest Management Implications. In: Proceedings, Southern Forest Economics Workshop. Edited by Gregory S. Amacher and Jay Sullivan. Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA. p. 137-156.
  • Siry, Jacek P. Daniel Robison, and Frederick W. Cubbage. 2003. Economic returns model for silvicultural investments in young hardwood stands. In: Proceedings, Southern Forest Economics Workshop. Edited by Gregory S. Amacher and Jay Sullivan. Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA. p. 245-253.
  • Cubbage, Frederick. 2003. The value of foresters. Forest Landowner 62(1):16-19.
  • Steelman, Toddi A., Ginger Kunkel and Devona Bell. 2003. Assessing the Wildfire Threat: Innovations by Communities in Arizona, Colorado and New Mexico. Technical brochure published December 2003. NC State University Department of Forestry. Raleigh, NC.
  • Steelman, Toddi A. and Ginger Kunkel. 2003. Community Responses to Wildland Fire Threats in New Mexico. Technical brochure published April 2003. NC State University Department of Forestry. Raleigh, NC.
  • Steelman, Toddi A., Ginger Kunkel and Devona Bell. 2003. Community Responses to Wildland Fire Threats. Web page launched May 19, 2003, updated last on October 29, 2003. http//:www.wildfirecommunities.ncsu.edu
  • Bingham, Matthew F., Jeffrey P. Prestemon, Douglas A. MacNair, and Robert C. Abt. 2003. Market structure in U.S. southern pine roundwood. Journal of Forest Economics 9:97-117.
  • Sendak, Paul E., Robert C. Abt, and Robert J. Turner. 2003. Timber supply projections for Northern New England and New York: integrating a market perspective 20(4):175-185.
  • Ahmed, Miyan Rukunniddin, and Frederick W. Cubbage. 2003. Gender differences of participation in social forestry programmes in Bangledesh. Forests, Trees, and Livelihoods 13:79-100.
  • Cubbage, Frederick, Anthony Snider, Karen Lee Abt, and Robert Moulton. 2003. Nonindustrial private forests. In: Forests in a Market Economy. Kluwer Academic Publishers. Edited by Erin Sills and Karen Lee Abt. p. 23-38.


Progress 01/01/02 to 12/31/02

Outputs
Progress on this McIntire-Research project continues well. Researchers on the project have examined and published work related to (1) timber supply modeling as related to broad southern forest resource conditions and future prospects, as well as global change; (2) sustainable development, environmental protection, and community planning; (3) natural resource analyses of the impacts of wood chip mills; (4) analyses of the natural heritage program and amenity/nonmarket values; (5) implementation of forest certification in the South; and (6) trends in global and southern forest management, protection, and ownership.

Impacts
The impacts of this research will broadly help determine the status of southern forest conditions and the impact of global change on those forests, which will help formulate public policies for improving their status. Our research and analyses of the impacts of wood chip mills, and assessment of nonmarket, amenity and wildlife values will help understand how these values will contribute to forest management and protection decisions. The broader work on the status of forest certification and data on sustainable forest management will help monitor and track changes in forest conditions, and provide a better means for discussion of these trends at a local and global level.

Publications

  • Steelman, Toddi. 2002. Ascher, Bill and Natalia Mirovitskaya, (editors), Guide to Sustainable Development and Environmental Policy. Provided approximately 200 defintions and comments on sustainability. Durham, NC. Duke University Press.
  • Ahn, S., A.J. Plantinga, and R. J. Alig. 2002. Determinants and projections of land use in the South Central U.S. Southern Journal of Applied Forestry 26(2):78-84.
  • Plantinga, A.J., Ahn, S. 2002. Incentives for land conversion and retention: an econometric analysis of cost-effective policies for environmental protection. Journal of Agricultural and Resource Economics 27(1):128-145.
  • Cassingham, Kirsten, E.O. Sills, S.K. Pattanayak, and C. Mansfield, 2002. North Carolina's Natural Heritage Program: a case for public-private cooperation. Journal of Forestry 100 (7):16-23.
  • Dodrill, John D., Frederick W. Cubbage, Rex H. Schaberg, and Robert C. Abt. 2002. Wood chip mill harvest volume and area impacts in North Carolina. Forest Products Journal 52(11/12):29-37.
  • Moore, Roger L., Frederick Cubbage, and Jacek Siry. Forest Recreation: Challenges and Opportunities. 2001. Korean Journal of Forest Recreation 5(4):1-10, December. (Released in 2002).
  • Pattanayak, S.K., B.C. Murray, and R.C. Abt, 2002. How Joint is Joint Forest Production? An Econometric Analysis of Timber Supply Conditional on Exogenous Amenity Values. Forest Science 48(3):479-491.
  • Aruna, P.B., Erin O. Sills, and Frederick W. Cubbage. 2001. Market and nonmarket values of forests in North Carolina: A review of the literature with preliminary applications. In: Zhang, Daowei and Sayeed R. Mehmood (Editors), Proceedings of the 31st Annual Southern Forest Economics Workshop. Published by: School of Forestry and Wildlife Sciences, Auburn University Auburn, AL. p. 116-121.
  • Siry, Jacek, and Frederick Cubbage. 2002. How do institutional investors manage their forestland in the South? In: Zhang, Daowei and Sayeed R. Mehmood (Editors), Proceedings of the 31st Annual Southern Forest Economics Workshop. Published by: School of Forestry and Wildlife Sciences, Auburn University Auburn, AL. p. 153-156.
  • Cubbage, Frederick, Roger L. Moore, and Jacek Siry. 2002. The role of forests and forestry in global conservation. In: Proceedings of the International Symposium for the 50th Anniversary of the College of Agriculture, 25 September, 2001, Chungbuk National University, Korea. Chungbuk National University, College of Agriculture. p. 106-119.
  • Cubbage, Frederick, Susan Moore, Joseph Cox, Larry Jervis, Judson Edeburn, Daniel Richter, Warren Boyette, Mike Thompson, and Michael Chesnutt. 2002. Implementing forest certification in North Carolina: systems, costs, and forest management implications. Paper posted at Southern Center for Sustainable Forests web site of: http://www.env.duke.edu/scsf/ . Posted October 2002. 20 p.
  • Cubbage, Frederick, Jonathon Scott, Thresa Pressley, and Susan Moore. 2002. Costs of Forestry Best Management Practices in the South: A Review. In: Abstracts and Presentations, Conference Forestry Best Management Practices in the South. Hyatt Regency Hotel, Atlanta, GA. Compact Disk. CD available from Jim Shephard, NCASI, jshephard@ncasi.org.
  • National Research Council. 2002. National Capacity in Forestry Research. Written by Frederick W. Cubbage, chairperson, and committee members Perry J. Brown, Thomas R. Crow, John C, Gordon, John W. Humke, Rex B. McCullough, and Ronald R. Sederoff. National Academy of Science Press. Washington, D.C. 144 p.
  • Abt, R.C. and B.C. Murray. 2002. Chapter 6.3 Forest Economics. In: Preparing for a Changing Climate: The Potential Consequences of Climate Variability and Change, Southeast Regional Analysis, 2002. U.S. Global Change Program, November 2002. 111 p.
  • Cassingham, Kirsten, E.O. Sills, S.K. Pattanayak, and C. Mansfield. 2002. Spatial Assessment of a Voluntary Forest Conservation Program in North Carolina. Teeter, L., B. Cashore, and D. Zhang (editors). Forest Policy for Private Forestry: Global and Regional Challenges. London. CABI Press. p. 129-139.
  • Murray, B.C. and Abt, R.C. 2002. Chapter 6.4 Land Use Change. In: Preparing for a Changing Climate: The Potential Consequences of Climate Variability and Change, Southeast Regional Analysis, 2002. U.S. Global Change Program, November 2002. 111 p.
  • Prestemon, J.P., and R.C. Abt. 2002. Timber products supply and demand. Chapter 13. p. 299-325. In: Wear, D.N., and J.G. Greis (editors), The Southern Forest Resource Assessment. USDA Forest Service, General Technical Report SRS-53, Asheville, North Carolina. 635 p.
  • Steelman, Toddi A. 2002. Community-based involvement in biodiversity protection in the United States: In: Ascher, Stoll, Suzanne, and Timothy O'Riordan (editors), Managing Biodiversity for Sustainability: Protecting the Protected. Cambridge, England. Cambridge University Press. P. 142-167.
  • Steelman, Toddi A. and JoAnnCarmin. 2002. Community Based Watershed Remediation: Connecting Organizational Resources to Social and Substantive Outcomes. In: Rahm, Dianne (editor), Toxic Waste and Environmental Policy in the 21st Century United States. Jefferson, NC. McFarland Publishers. P. 145-178.


Progress 01/01/01 to 12/31/01

Outputs
The project continues to make progress and meet the objectives of the study plan. Accomplishments by objective follow. (1) the SRTS timber supply model continues to be updated and was used as the base for the timber supply projections in the Southern Forest Resource Assessment (SOFRA) analysis for the South, which was largely completed and released in 2001. SRTS also was used to assess the impacts of global climate change on southeastern forests. (2) A paper on financial returns from intensive management in the South was accepted and published in the Forest Products Journal, and one on world plantation forests was published in a proceedings. (3) Several papers on wood chip mill impacts in North Carolina were published in a proceedings of the Southern Forest Economics Workers; so were articles on the benefits of ecosystems and nontimber forest products in tropical forests; and effects of nontimber forest products in the Amazon were published in a journal. (4) Papers on forest certification and nonindustrial private forest landowners were published in proceedings and in an international journal.

Impacts
This research has greatly extended our knowledge of timber supplies in the South and the effects of markets, climate change, and public policies on those supplies. We also have made significant progress on estimating timber investment returns in the South and broader world timber supplies; regional economics of forestry, especially nonindustrial private forests, in North Carolia; and the contributions of eco-tourism and nontimber forest products in tropical forests. We have put together a tremendous portfolio of projects and scientists to address these issues, and have been deeply involved in many key forestry debates in the state and in the South.

Publications

  • Siry, Jacek, Frederick W. Cubbage, and Andy J. Malmquist. 2001. Potential impacts of increased management intensities on planted pine growth and yield and timber supply modeling in the South. Forest Products Journal 51(3):42-48.
  • Abt, R.C., B..C. Murray, and S. McNulty. 2001. Southeastern timber market response to climate change. World Resource review 13(2):171-186.
  • Ahn, S., A.J. Platinga, and R.J. Alig. 2001. Historical trends and projections of land use for the South-Central United States. Research Paper PNW-RP-530. USDA Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Forest Experiment Station. Portland, OR.
  • Moffat, Steverson O., Frederick W. Cubbage, Thomas P. Holmes, and Elizabethann O'Sullivan. 2001. Characterizing the sustainable forestry issue network in the United States. Forest Policy and Economics 2:307-318.
  • Murray, B.C., R.C. Abt, D.N. Wear, P.J. Parks, and I.W. Hardie. 2001. Land allocation in the Southeastern U.S. in response to climate change impacts on forestry and agriculture. World Resource review 13(2):239-251.
  • Murray, B.C. and R.C. Abt. 2001. Estimating price compensation requirments for eco-certified forestry. Ecologcial Economics 36(1):149-163.
  • Pattanayak, Subhrendu K. and Erin O. Sills. 2001. Do tropical forests provide natural insurance? The microeconomics of non-timber forest products collection in the Brazilian Amazon. Land Economics 77(4):595-612.
  • Siry, Jacek P. and David H. Newman. 2001. A stochastic frontier analysis of Polish forests. Forest Science 47(4):526-533.
  • Burkett, V. R. Ritschard, S. McNulty, J.J. O'Brien, R. Abt, J. Jones, U. Hatch, B. Murray, S. Jagtap, and J. Cruise. 2001. The Potential Consequences of Climate variabiilty and Change for the Southeastern U.S. [Overview Document]. Chapter 6 in Climate Change Impacts on the United States: National Assessment Synthesis Team. Columbia University Press. 158 p.
  • Burkett, V. R. Ritschard, S. McNulty, J.J. O'Brien, R. Abt, J. Jones, U Hatch, B. Murray, S. Jagtap, and J. Cruise. 2001. The Potential Consequences of Climate variabiilty and Change for the Southeastern U.S. [Foundation Document]. Chapter 5 in Climate Change impacts on the United States: National Assessment Synthesis team. Columbia University Press. 618 p.
  • Siry, Jacek P., Frederick W. Cubbage, and Robert C. Abt. 2001. The role of plantations in world forestry. In: Proceedings of the Southern Forest Economics Workers (SOFEW) annual meeting. Edited by Matthew H. Pelkki. Arkansas Forest Resources Center, School of Forest Resources, University of Arkansas at Monticello. p. 105-111.
  • Cubbage, Frederick and Douglas Duncan. 2001. Timber harvesting in the southern U.S.A.: trends in equipment, productivity, and costs. In: Proceedings of SilvoArgentina II. Published by University of Argentina at El Dorado. p. 164-178.
  • Schaberg, Rex, Frederick Cubbage, and John Dodrill. 2001. Forest trends, timber products output, and wood chip mill harvest area impacts in North Carolina. In: Proceedings of the Southern Forest Economics Workers (SOFEW) annual meeting. Edited by Matthew H. Pelkki. Arkansas Forest Resources Center, School of Forest Resources, University of Arkansas at Monticello. p. 161-166.
  • Snider, Anthony, Frederick Cubbage and Robert Moulton. 2001. Potential effects of wood chip mill harvests on economic returns and forest management practices of nonindustrial private forest landowners in North Carolina. In: Proceedings of the Southern Forest Economics Workers (SOFEW) annual meeting. Edited by Matthew H. Pelkki. Arkansas Forest Resources Center, School of Forest Resources, University of Arkansas at Monticello. p. 73-78
  • Aruna, P.B. and Frederick Cubbage. 2002. Regional economic analyses of forest products and tourism sectors in North Carolina. In: Proceedings of the Southern Forest Economics Workers (SOFEW) annual meeting. Edited by Matthew H. Pelkki. Arkansas Forest Resources Center, School of Forest Resources, University of Arkansas at Monticello. p. 86-89.
  • Espinosa, Jeannette, Subhrendu Pattanayak, and Erin Sills. 2001. Weak complementarity and ecosystem benefits estimates: soil conservation in Flores, Inodnesia. In: Proceedings of the Southern Forest Economics Workers (SOFEW) annual meeting. Edited by Matthew H. Pelkki. Arkansas Forest Resources Center, School of Forest Resources, University of Arkansas at Monticello. p. 53-57.
  • Sills, Erin. 2001. Developing non-timber forest resource in the Brazilian Amazon: determinant of household production. In: Proceedings of the Southern Forest Economics Workers (SOFEW) annual meeting. Edited by Matthew H. Pelkki. Arkansas Forest Resources Center, School of Forest Resources, University of Arkansas at Monticello. p. 112-117.
  • Moffat, S. O. and F. Cubbage. 2001. Regional forestry practices and forest management certification. In: Proceedings of the Southern Forest Economics Workers (SOFEW) annual meeting. Edited by Matthew H. Pelkki. Arkansas Forest Resources Center, School of Forest Resources, University of Arkansas at Monticello. p. 47-52.
  • Schaberg, R., et al. 2001. Economic and ecologic impacts associated with wood chip production in North Carolina: an integrated assessment and subsequent applications. In: Johnsen, K., H. M. Rauscher, W. G. Hubbard, eds. Southern Forest Science Conference Proceedings. November 26-28. Atlanta, GA, Southern Regional Extension Forestry, Office of Information Technology: Item 3:4 p. [CD-ROM].
  • Cubbage, Frederick et al. 2001. Southern timber supply: surfeit or scarcity? In: Johnsen, Kurt, H. Michael Rauscher, William G. Hubbard, eds. Southern Forest Science Conference Proceedings. November 26-28. Atlanta, GA, Southern Regional Extension Forestry, Office of Information Technology: Item 3:4 p. [CD-ROM].


Progress 01/01/00 to 12/31/00

Outputs
This project continues to proceed well. Specific accomplishments by project objective are listed below. (1) The SubRegional Timber Supply (SRTS) model has continued to be enhanced and applied to analyze southern timber supplies. It has been used to analyze timber markets in local areas, regional timber supply, effects of wood chip mills on forest resources in North Carolina, and effects of global change on forest supply and markets. (2) A paper summarizing the impacts of intensive forest growth and yield for loblolly pine, which comprises the majority of southern pine supply, and the financial implications for southern forest land investments has been completed and accepted by a journal. (3) Nonmarket benefits of forests for the state of North Carolina and the South were collected and summarized as part of the North Carolina Wood Chip Mill study. In addition, various international forestry projects assessing nonmarket forest values have been initiated, including research on nontimber forest products (NTFPs) in Belize and India. (4) A review of the impacts of markets and public programs on forest management decisions of nonindustrial private forest (NIPF) landowners was completed as part of the previously mentioned NC Wood Chip Mill study. (5) The two-year study on "Economic and Ecological Impacts Associated with Wood Chip Production in North Carolina" was completed. It was a major study involving eight Co-PIs, 5 graduate students, and many different stakeholders who participated directly through a technical advisory board. It examined impacts of increased wood chip production on forest resources and timber markets, on ecological processes and values (water, wildlife, and recreation), and on regional economies (wood-based forest products, forest-based recreation, mulitplier effects, and nonmarket values).

Impacts
These research components will help us better measure the status of timber supplies in the South, the impacts of timber production on the environment and economies in the region, the prospects for intensive forest management to provide accelerated wood production and financial returns for private forest landowners. Our results further begin to analyze some of the nonmarket values of forests and provide a better method of incorporating those values in enhancing sustainable forest management decisions.

Publications

  • (9) Cubbage, Frederick W. 2000. Striking a balance: public interests vs. private rights. Tree Farmer 19(2):6-13. March-April.
  • (10) Cubbage, Frederick, Daniel Richter, Rex Schaberg, P.B. Aruna, Robert Abt, James Gregory, George Hess, and Sarah Warren. 2000. Economic and ecologic impacts associated with wood chip production in North Carolina. Integrated Research Project Summary. Final Report from the Southern Center for Sustainable Forests to the North Carolina Department of Environment and Natural Resources. Available from authors at NC State University or at Web Site http://www.env.duke.edu/scsf/.
  • (6) Siry, Jacek P, Frederick W. Cubbage, and Andy Malmquist. 2000. Potential impacts of increased management intensities on planted pine growth and yield and timber supply modeling in the South. In: Proceedings of the 28th Annual Southern Forest Economics Workshop. Edited by: Ian Munn. Available from: Department of Forestry, Mississippi State University, MS 39762. p. 236-242.
  • (7) Aruna, P.B., Rex Schaberg, and Frederick W. Cubbage. 2000. Pulpwood production, prices, and markets in North Carolina. In: Proceedings of the 28th Annual Southern Forest Economics Workshop. Edited by: Ian Munn. Available from: Department of Forestry, Mississippi State University, MS 39762. p. 106-113.
  • (8) Abt, Robert, Brian MUrray, and Steve McNulty. 2000. Modeling the economic and ecologic impact of cliimate change on southern forests. In: Proceedings of the 28th Annual Southern Forest Economics Workshop. Edited by: Ian Munn. Available from: Department of Forestry, Mississippi State University, MS 39762. p. 325-333.
  • (1) Cubbage, Frederick W., John M. Pye, Thomas P. Holmes, and John E. Wagner. 2000. An economic evaluation of fusiform rust protection research. Southern Journal of Applied Forestry 24(2):77-85.
  • (2) Abt, Robert C., Frederick W. Cubbage, and Gerardo Pacheco. 2000. Southern forest resource assessment using the subregional timber supply (SRTS) model. Forest Products Journal 50(4):25-33.
  • (3) Roise, Joseph, Frederick W. Cubbage, Robert C. Abt, and Jacek P. Siry. 2000. Regulation of Timber Yield for Sustainable Management of Industrial Forest Plantations: Theory and Practice. p. 217-255. In: Sustainable Forest Management. Edited by: Klaus van Gadow. Elsevier Press.
  • (4) Cubbage, Frederick W. and Robert C. Abt. 2000. Southern timber supply and demand. In: Proceedings of the ABA Section of Environment, Energy, and Resources, 8th Section Fall Meeting. American Bar Association. p. 437-444.
  • (5) Voigt, Paul C. and Frederick W. Cubbage. 2000. An analysis of the costs and returns of development, construction, and operation of a wetlands mitigation bank in North Carolina. In: Proceedings of the 28th Annual Southern Forest Economics Workshop. Edited by: Ian Munn. Available from: Department of Forestry, Mississippi State University, MS 39762. p. 295-300.


Progress 01/01/99 to 12/31/99

Outputs
This research effort is progressing well. We have fully developed and published research (in 2000) on the Subregional Timber Supply model (SRTS), which projects timber inventories, removals, and prices at the survey unity level for the South. We also have analyzed effects of intensive forest management on timber investment returns using modern management techniques. We have analyzed trends in intensive management via surveys of NIPF landowners and Timber Management Organizations, and obtained secondary data on forest industry management intensities. Last, we have applied timber supply, regional economic, and ecological models to assess the impacts of wood chip production on forest resources, the environment, and the economy in the state of North Carolina. We are also working on an analysis of returns to tropical forest tree imporvement programs and intensive management for typical softwood and hardwood plantation regimes.

Impacts
The SRTS timber supply model has been used by most major firms and by many states in assessing timber supply in the South or in their specific regions. The infromation on management intensities has been used as inputs into the national timber assessment models and projections. The North Carolina wood chip study was submitted to the NC Department of Environment and Natural Resources and will form the basis for many public discussions about forest policy in the state, and indeed in the South.

Publications

  • Abt, Robert C., Frederick W. Cubbage, and Gerardo Pacheco. 2000. Southern Forest Resource Assessment using the Subregional Timber Supply (SRTS) Model. Forest Products Journal 50(4):25-33.
  • Moffatt, Steverson O., Frederick W. Cubbage, Anthony Cascio, and Raymond M. Sheffield. 1999. The future of forest management on NIPF lands in the South: Results of an expert opinion survey. In: Proceedings of the 27th Annual Southern Forest Economics Workshop. Edited by: Karen Lee Abt. Available from: USDA Forest Service, Southern Research Station, P.O. Box 12254, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709. p. 9-18.
  • Cubbage, Frederick, Jacek Siry, Steverson Moffat, David Wear, and Robert Abt. 1999. Forest productivity and timber supply modeling in the South. In: Proceedings of a Conference on Improving Forest Productivity for Timber...A Key to Sustainability. Edited by/available from: Alan Ek, Department of Forestry, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108. p. 285-290.
  • Abt, Karen Lee, Robert C. Abt, and Frederick W. Cubbage. 1999. Sustinability of the hardwood timber resource: potential environmental and policy impacts on supply. In: Hardwood Symposium Proceedings. National Hardwood Lumber Association. Memphis, TN. p. 53-61.
  • Cubbage, Frederick W. 1999. Applications of Political Science in Ecosystem Management. In: Integrating Social Sciences with Ecosystem Management: Human Dimensions in Assessment, Policy, and Management. Edited by: H. Ken Cordell and John C. Bergstrom. Sagamore Publishing. Champaign, IL. p. 195-207.