Progress 11/07/05 to 11/06/10
Outputs
OUTPUTS: The turfgrass breeding program under the direction of project H8027, M. C.Engelke, has developed and released 15 cultivars of various grass species which have been commercialized over past decade & used throughout the US & a number of foreign countries. PRAIRIE buffalograss was the 1st release in 1989 & has been used throughout the central and southern United States for home lawns, golf course roughs, and roadside -parkways. It was the first patented grass released by TAMU and the first Buffalograss cultivar released for use exclusively for turf. The grass is noted for aggressive growth & persistence under minimal care. Following the release of `PRAIRIE', three Bentgrass cultivars were released for superior heat tolerance (CATO & CRENSHAW), strong genetic color & disease tolerance (CATO) & salinity tolerance (MARINER) in 1996 with addition advances in physiological superiority with the release of CENTURY, IMPERIAL and BACKSPIN in 1997-98. Releases of four Zoysiagrasses (CAVALIER, CROWNE, & PALISADES and DIAMOND) were made in 1996 targeting low water use, shade tolerance and resistance to a host of insects. These grasses have entered the sod production market and have been licensed in nearly every southern state with strong interest in Australia (presently in quarantine) and other countries. ROYAL Zoysiagrass targeted for the high end golf course tees and fairways was released in 2001, and ZORRO released in 2002 with improved cold hardiness and drought tolerance and is anticipated for wide spread use in the home owner and golf course market throughout the south. PARTICIPANTS: Dr. Dennis Genovesi, Associate Research Scientist at texas AgriLife Research and Extension Center in Dallas. Dr. Genovesi has been responsible for making genetic crosses and generation breeding population for future evaluations. TARGET AUDIENCES: The target audience for efforts are fellow researchers in academia as well as the turfgrass industry comprising of sod and seed producers, golf course superintendents, sports field managers and lawn and landscape mangers. PROJECT MODIFICATIONS: Not relevant to this project.
Impacts
Turfgrass constitutes a $6 billion per year industry in Texas. The industry's vitality depends on continuously developing new turf varieties that better withstand the Texas environment. Improvements in Zoysiagrass and St. Augustinegrass have yielded numerous advanced lines which target greater efficiency in water use demand, improved cold hardiness and salinity tolerance. The successes with embryo rescue techniques has enable the recovery of hybrids between related species which have never been obtained, including recovering several hybrids from crosses with Floratam, previously believed to be totally sterile. Future turfs developed by this program will expand the flexibility in use of brackish and poor quality waters in areas throughout the transition zone. Improvements in shade tolerance in Zoysiagrass offers alternative lower water demand grasses for sports turfs and home lawns and industrial sites. Our quality of life is impacted by having improved alternative turfs for use in marginal environments where excess irrigation previously was required to sustain stable landscapes. The newer turfs are and will be better adapted to poorer soils, lower qualtiy water and less water issues with minimal to moderate management inputs.
Publications
- Braman, S. K., R. R. Duncan, W. W. Hanna, and M. C. Engelke. 2005. Dual defense: Pest-resistant turf and natural enemy interactions. USGA Turfgrass and Environmental Research Online 4(23): 1-7
- Genovesi, A. D., M. C. Engelke, and Sabry Elias, 2005. Interspecific hybridization between pembagrass (Stenotaphrum dimidiatum) and St. Augustinegrass (S. secundatum) using embryo rescue. Agronomy Abstracts, Satl Lake City, UT 2005
- Jessup, R.W., Burson, B.L., Krishnaramanujam, R., Engelke, M.C., Genovesi, A.D., Reinert, J.A., Binzel, M.L., Kamps, T.L., Shulze, S., Paterson, A.H. 2006. Genetic mapping of fall armyworm resistance and salinity tolerance in zoysiagrass [abstract]. American Society of Agronomy. Paper No. 1228b.
- Genovesi, A. D., R.W. Jessup, M. C. Engelke and B. L. Burson. 2009. Interploid St. Augustinegrass [Stenotaphrum secundatum (Walt.) Knutze] hybrids recovered by embryo rescue. In Vitro Cell. Dev. Biol.-Plant 45(6): 659-666.
- Jessup, R.W., Burson, B.L., Broussard, A.N., Krishnaramanujam, R., Engelke, M.C., Genovesi, A.D., Reinert, J.A., Kamps, T.L., Schulze, S., Paterson, A.H. 2006. An EST-SSR and AFLP-based genome map of zoysiagrass [abstract]. Plant and Animal Genome XIV Conference. Paper No. P370.
- Reinert, J.A., S. J. Maranz, B. Hipp, and M. C. Engelke. 2005. Evaluation of Resource efficient landscapes to reduce contaminants in Urban runoff. RISE Symposium Am. Chem. Soc. Oct 2005. Washington DC
- Sloan, J. J., A. D. Genovesi, M. C. Engelke and Richard White, 2006, Phytoremediation of Heavy Metal Contaminated Soils with Warm Season Grasses. Texas Agricultural Research Center Dallas. Agronomy Abstracts Paper No. P445.
- Zhang, Qi, Jack Fry, M. C. Engelke, A. Dennis Genovesi and Dale Bremmer. 2005. Preliminary evaluation of freezing tolerance of new zoysiagrass progeny. Kansas State University, Horticulture Department and Texas A&M Research Center at Dallas. Agronomy Abstracts, Salt Lake City, UT 2005
|
Progress 01/01/08 to 12/31/08
Outputs
OUTPUTS: The turfgrass breeding program continues efforts in developing zoysiagrass and St. Augustinegrass through conventional breeding processes with target improvement areas centering on salinity, shade, water demand (use), water quality disease and insect resistance. The zoysiagrass program is a target for discussions with other universities to do cooperative development and release programs. Expanded cooperative efforts are underway to target more regional concerns such as cold hardiness, acid soil response, and disease and insect issues. Work with Diamond zoysiagrass continues with applications for greens, tees and fairways as the grass demonstrates its ability to survive and flourish in the presence of soil salinity levels exceeding 10 - 15 ppt, and further demonstrates the ability to extract salts from saline soils compartmentalize the crystals in leaf salt glands. This appears to facilite the possibility of remediation of saline sites with zoysiagrasses. PARTICIPANTS: Qi Zhang,Dr. Ambika Chandra, Dr. Kurt Steinke, Milt Engelke, Dennis Genovese, Turfgrass Producers of Texas TARGET AUDIENCES: scientific community, turfgrass breeders, variety improvement personnel, turfgrass producers, water districts/boards; PROJECT MODIFICATIONS: Nothing significant to report during this reporting period.
Impacts
DALZ0102 to be released during 2008 cooperatively with Kansas State will expand the use of Texas A&M developed grasses into more northern climates with its enhanced cold hardiness. Diamond zoysiagrass's salinity tolerance and tolerance for low mowing expands its use to areas with limited and or brackish water and is successfully being used on putting greens (Texas, Florida and the Carolina's) tees, and fairways throughout the south and southeast. . Improvements in shade tolerance in Zoysiagrass offers alternative lower water demand grasses for sports turfs and home lawns and industrial sites. Our quality of life is impacted by having improved alternative turfs for use in marginal environments where excess irrigation previously was required to sustain stable landscapes. The newer turfs are and will be better adapted to poorer soils, lower qualtiy water and less water issues with minimal to moderate management inputs. The cooperative work with researchers at Kansas State University expands the knowledge and applicability of Zoysiagrasses developed in Texas
Publications
- No publications reported this period
|
Progress 01/01/07 to 12/31/07
Outputs
OUTPUTS: The turfgrass breeding program continues efforts in developing zoysiagrass and St. Augustinegrass throught conventional breeding processes with target improvement areas centering on salinity, shade, water demand (use), water quality disease and insect resistance. The program is under new leadership during 2007 and involvement by two young Scientist (Dr. Ambika Chandra, Molecular Turfgrass Breeding) and Dr. Kurt Steinke (Turfgrass Ecology) with the principle investigator moving into administrative duties. DALZ0102 from the program is targeted for a cooperative release with Kansas State University (Frey). The zoysiagrass program is a target for discussions with other universities to do cooperative development and release programs. Expanded cooperative efforts will target more regional concerns such as cold hardiness, acid soil response and disease and insect issues. Over the past four years the St. Augustinegrass program has selectively screened lines for targeted testing and
potential release during 2008/2009. Target development includes drought tolerance, water use (demand), disease and insect resistance and cold hardiness. A couple of the advanced lines were entered into the NTEP trials for 2007. Breeder fields were established for four zoysiagrass and two St. Augustinegrasses in Texas in 2007. Work with Diamond zoysiagrass continues with applications for greens, tees and fairways as the grass demonstrates its ability to survive and flourish in the presence of soil salinity levels exceeding 10 - 15 ppt, and further demonstrates the ability to extract salts from saline soils compartmentalize the crystals in leaf salt glands. This appears to facilite the possibility of remediation of saline sites with zoysiagrasses.
PARTICIPANTS: Qi Zhang, Kansas State University (Graduate Student Department of Horticulture, KSU) Dr. Ambika Chandra, Assistant Professor, Molecular Turfgrass Breeding, Texas AgriLIFE Research, Dallas, Texas
PROJECT MODIFICATIONS: Dr. Ambika Chandra will provide future leadership in Molecular Turfgrass Breeding and Development on this project and Dr. Kurt Steinke (Assistant Professor, Texas A&M University and Texas AgriLIFE Research) will provide future leadership in turfgrass management and turfgrass ecology both on campus and at the Urban Solutions Center, Dallas. PI (Engelke) has moved into administrative duties concerning the operations of the Urban Solutions Center.
Impacts
DALZ0102 to be released during 2008 cooperatively with Kansas State will expand the use of Texas A&M developed grasses into more northern climates with its enhanced cold hardiness. Diamond zoysiagrass's salinity tolerance and tolerance for low mowing expands its use to areas with limited and or brackish water and is successfully being used on putting greens (Texas, Florida and the Carolina's) tees, and fairways throughout the south and southeast. . Improvements in shade tolerance in Zoysiagrass offers alternative lower water demand grasses for sports turfs and home lawns and industrial sites. Our quality of life is impacted by having improved alternative turfs for use in marginal environments where excess irrigation previously was required to sustain stable landscapes. The newer turfs are and will be better adapted to poorer soils, lower qualtiy water and less water issues with minimal to moderate management inputs. The cooperative work with researchers at Kansas State
University expands the knowledge and applicability of Zoysiagrasses developed in Texas
Publications
- Zhang, Qi., Fry, Jack., Pan, Xiangqing., Rajashekar, Channa., Bremer, Dale., Engelke, Milton. 2008. Changes in Abscisis Acid Content in Zoysiagrass rhizomes during cold acclimation. Hort Sci (Pending).
- Zhang, Qi., Fry, Jack., Rajashekar, Channa., Bremer, Dale., Engelke, Milton. 2008. Changes in Membrane polar lipids in zoysiagrass rhizomes during Cold Acclimation. Hort Sci. (Pending)
|
Progress 01/01/06 to 12/31/06
Outputs
The turfgrass breeding program continues efforts in developing zoysiagrass and St. Augustinegrass throught conventional breeding processes with target improvement areas centering on salinity, shade, water demand (use), water quality disease and insect resistance. Advanced zoysiagrass lines entered in to the 2002 NTEP trial suggest the potential for a cooperative release with Kansas State University (Frey). The zoysiagrass program is a target for discussions with other universities to do cooperative development and release programs. Expanded cooperative efforts will target more regional concerns such as cold hardiness, acid soil response and disease and insect issues. Over the past three years we have advanced some 3200 St. Augustinegrass hybrids to multiple site field testings. This past year we created an additional 890 new St. Augustine hybrids including several from wide crosses with Pempa grass (Stenotaphrum dimidiatium) using embryo rescue techniques to enhance
recovery across ploidy levels. Target development includes drought tolerance, water use (demand), disease and insect resistance and cold hardiness. A couple of the advanced lines will be entered into the NTEP trials for 2007. Breeder fields will be established in Texas in 2007. A multi-entry replicated trial system has been established in Texas, Tennessee and Florida. Salinity tolerance among turfgrasses has become a major emphasis over the past couple of years. Work with Diamond zoysiagrass demonstrates its excellent ability to survive and flourish in the presence of soil salinity levels exceeding 10 - 15 ppt, and further demonstrates the ability to extract salts from saline soils compartmentalize the crystals in leaf salt glands. This appears to facilite the possibility of remediation of saline sites with zoysiagrasses. A DNA map for zoysiagrass was released during the past year with emphasis on identifying the location of a gene for Army worm resistance and major QTL's for salinity
response.
Impacts
Improvements in Zoysiagrass and St. Augustinegrass have yielded numerous advanced lines which target greater efficiency in water use demand, improved cold hardiness and salinity tolerance. The successes with embryo rescue techniques has enable the recovery of hybrids between related species which have never been obtained, including recovering several hybrids from crosses with Floratam, previously believed to be totally sterile. Future turfs developed by this program will expand the flexibility in use of brackish and poor quality waters in areas throughout the transition zone. Improvements in shade tolerance in Zoysiagrass offers alternative lower water demand grasses for sports turfs and home lawns and industrial sites. Our quality of life is impacted by having improved alternative turfs for use in marginal environments where excess irrigation previously was required to sustain stable landscapes. The newer turfs are and will be better adapted to poorer soils, lower
qualtiy water and less water issues with minimal to moderate management inputs.
Publications
- Braman, S. K., R. R. Duncan, W. W. Hanna, and M. C. Engelke. 2005. Dual defense: Pest-resistant turf and natural enemy interactions. USGA Turfgrass and Environmental Research Online 4(23): 1-7
- Sloan, J. J., A. D. Genovesi, M. C. Engelke and Richard White, 2006, Phytoremediation of Heavy Metal Contaminated Soils with Warm Season Grasses. Texas Agricultural Research Center Dallas. Agronomy Abstracts Paper No. P445.,
- Jessup, R.W., Burson, B.L., Krishnaramanujam, R., Engelke, M.C., Genovesi, A.D., Reinert, J.A., Binzel, M.L., Kamps, T.L., Shulze, S., Paterson, A.H. 2006. Genetic mapping of fall armyworm resistance and salinity tolerance in zoysiagrass [abstract]. American Society of Agronomy. Paper No. 1228b.
- Jessup, R.W., Burson, B.L., Broussard, A.N., Krishnaramanujam, R., Engelke, M.C., Genovesi, A.D., Reinert, J.A., Kamps, T.L., Schulze, S., Paterson, A.H. 2006. An EST-SSR and AFLP-based genome map of zoysiagrass [abstract]. Plant and Animal Genome XIV Conference. Paper No. P370.
|
Progress 01/01/05 to 12/31/05
Outputs
PBR rights have been established for the following Zoysiagrasses in Australia; Palisades, Cavalier, Royal and Diamond aka Facet (Australian name only). Considerable numbers of hybrids have been developed between Z. matrella type cultivars and Z. minima. Major target toward developing a rapid spreading, fine textured putting green quality zoysiagrass with excellent shade and salinity tolerance. Twelve advanced lines are presently under greenhouse and field evaluation in several locations throughout the south. Advances are being made in developing the genome map for zoysiagrasses with anticipated publication within the next 12 to 15 months. Army worm resistance and salinity tolerance remain primary targets in searching for molecular level of gene regulation in the zoysiagrasses. St. Augustinegrass hybridization program is advancing through the extensive use of embryo rescue to recover wide cross progeny. Replicated field trials have been established at multiple
locations for several advanced hybrids. Primary emphasis in SA breeding program is targeting insect resistance (Chinch Bug), disease resistance (Brown Patch and Grey leaf spot), cold hardiness and water use demand.
Impacts
Improvements in Zoysiagrass and St. Augustinegrass have been yielded numerous advanced lines which target greater efficiency in water use demand, improved cold hardiness and salinity tolerance. Future turfs developed by this program will expand the flexibility in use of brackish and poor quality waters in areas throughout the transition zone. Improvements in shade tolerance in Zoysiagrass offers alternative lower water demand grasses for sports turfs and home lawns and industrial sites. Our quality of life is impacted by having improved alternative turfs for use in marginal environments where excess irrigation previously was required to sustain stable landscapes. The newer turfs are and will be better adapted to poorer soils, lower qualtiy water and less water issues with minimal to moderate management inputs.
Publications
- Genovesi, A. D., M. C. Engelke, and D. R. Huff. 2005. Breeding with sterile polyploidy St. Augustinegrasses by embryo rescue. Agronomy Abstracts: 2004 Seattle, WA.
- Genovesi, A. D., M. C. Engelke, and Sabry Elias, 2005. Interspecific hybridization between pembagrass (Stenotaphrum dimidiatum) and St. Augustinegrass (S. secundatum) using embryo rescue. Agronomy Abstracts, Satl Lake City, UT 2005
- Reinert, J. A., M. C. Engelke and J. C. Read. 2004. Host resistance to insects and mites, a review: A major IPM strategy in turfgrass culture. Acta Horticulturae (in press).
- Reinert, J.A., S. J. Maranz, B. Hipp, and M. C. Engelke. 2005. Evaluation of Resource efficient landscapes to reduce contaminants in Urban runoff. RISE Symposium Am. Chem. Soc. Oct 2005. Washington DC
- Zhang, Qi, Jack Fry, M. C. Engelke, A. Dennis Genovesi and Dale Bremmer. 2005. Preliminary evaluation of freezing tolerance of new zoysiagrass progeny. Kansas State University, Horticulture Department and Texas A&M Research Center at Dallas. Agronomy Abstracts, Salt Lake City, UT 2005
|
Progress 01/01/04 to 12/31/04
Outputs
Cold hardy nurseries of advanced Germplasm lines of zoysiagrass have been established in cooperation with Dr. Karl Guillard, Univeristy of Connecticut, and with Dr. Jack Fry, Kansas State University.Numerous advanced lines were included in multiple replicate trials at each location. This complements the testing program with Dr. Scott Warnke, USDA National Arboretum established in 2002.During 2004/5 approximately 78 of the advanced breeding lines and unique hybrids were also moved to the University of Florida in a cooperative effort with Dr.Kevin Kenworthy where emphasis will include screening for Nematode resistance. At present approximately 3500 hybrids are under evaluation for multiple traits at 7 different locations throughout the U.S. Approximately 10 lines are in advanced assessment for potential use on putting greens and sports fields. A major plus for the zoysiagrasses include excellent salinity tolerance and shade tolerance with exceptional wear tolerance.
Work continues on developing the zoysiagrass linkage map and for isolation of specific genes regulating salt tolerance, and insect resistance. A St.Augustinegrass breeding program has moved into its 2nd year of major emphasis targeting disease and insect resistance, low water demand, and rapid growth and development. Advanced trials have been established in Tennessee (in cooperation with Dr. John Sorochan) as well as throughout Texas cooperating with Dr. Richard White, concentrating on survivability, low water use and general improved turf performance. Embryo rescue procedures have been developed to enable recover of hybrids from crosses being made across different ploidy levels.
Impacts
Turfgrass constitutes a $6 billion per year industry in Texas. The industry's vitality depends on continuously developing new turf varieties that better withstand the Texas environment.
Publications
- Reinert, J.A., M.C. Engelke and J.C. Read. 2004. Host resistance to insects and mites, a review A major IPM strategy in turfgrass culture.1st Int. Soc. Hort. Sci. Conf. Turfgrass Manage. Sci. Sports Fields.Athens, Greece. Acta Hort. 661:463-486.
- Reinert, J.A., M.C. Engelke, S.J. Anderson and B.R. Wiseman. 2004. Resistance in zoysiagrass (Zoysia spp.) to fall armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda).Crop Science (returned to editor with corrections).
- Sloan, J. J., M. C. Engelke. 2005. Effect of ozonated water on creeping bentgrass growth in a sand media. HortTech.:15(1):4-8.
- Fidanza, M. A., P. F. Colbaugh, M. C. Engelke, S. D. Davis and K. E. Kenworthy. 2005. Use of High-pressure injection to alleviate Type-1 Fairy Ring Symptoms in Turfgrass. HortTech 15(1):169-172.
- Braman, S. K., R. R. Duncan, W. W. Hanna, and M. C. Engelke. 2004. Integrated Effects of host plant resistance and insecticide concerntrations on survival of and turftrass damage by the Fall Armyworm (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). J. Entomol. Sci.Accepted for publication Feb 2004.(Exact reference not available).
- Nelson, L. R., R. White, M. C. Engelke, J. Crowder, M.D. Lazar and D. Singh. 2004. Registration of Panterra Annual Ryegrass. Crop Sci.44:1873-1874.
|
Progress 01/01/03 to 12/31/03
Outputs
Experimental bentgrass variety Syn96-2 was formally released as cultivar "962" and has been licensed to Pickseed West, Inc. for world production and marketing. Zorro zoysiagrass was formally released in 2003 and a world license was granted to Turfgrass America. Cavalier and Diamond zoysiagrasses have been granted PBR rights in Australia, while Palisades and Royal are going through the PBR review process. The breeding program initiated an aggressive hybridization program among zoysiagrass cultivars targeting cold hardiness, disease and insect resistance emphasizing the establishment of linkage maps to aid in marker assisted selection program for cultivar improvement. A St. Augustinegrass breeding program was initiated and fully funded by the Turfgrass Producers of Texas with emphasis on disease and insect resistance, water use requirements and cold hardiness.
Impacts
Turfgrass constitutes a $6 billion per year industry in Texas. The industry's vitality depends on continuously developing new turf varieties that better withstand the Texas environment.
Publications
- Braman, S.K., R.R. Duncan, W.W. Hanna, and M.C. Engelke. 2003. Arthropod predator occurrence and performance of Geocoris uliginosus (Say) on pest-resistant and susceptible turfgrasses. Environmental Entomology Vol 32. no. 4. pp 909-914.
- Braman, S.K., R.R. Duncan, W.W. Hanna, and M.C. Engelke. 2003 Integrated Effects of host resistance and insecticide concentration on survival of, and turfgrass damage by the fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera:Noctuidae). Submitted Journal Entomological Science 2003
- Braman, S.K., R.R. Duncan, W.W. Hanna, and M.C. Engelke. 2003 Turfgrass cultivar and species influences on survival and parasitism of Fall Armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith)). For Submission to Journal Economic Entomology or Horticulture Sciences 2003
- Nelson, Lloyd R., R. White, M.C. Engelke, J. Crowder, M.D. Lazar and D. Singh. Registration of "Panterra" Annual Ryegrass.Submitted to Crop Science Sept 2003
- Reinert, J.A., M.C. Engelke, S.J. Anderson and B.R. Wiseman.2004. Resistance in zoysiagrass (Zoysia spp.) to fall armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda). Crop Science (returned to editor with corrections).
- Reinert, J.A., M.C. Engelke and J.C. Read. 2004. Host resistance to insects and mites, a review - A major IPM strategy in turfgrass culture. Acta Horticulturae (in press).
|
Progress 01/01/02 to 12/31/02
Outputs
Bentgrass experimental variety designated as Syn96-2 will be targeted for release in early 2003. The 96 series has been advanced with superior heat and disease resistance while simultaneously selecting for improved color, texture and higher shoot density. Mowing practices using turf groomers demonstrates the ability of manipulating or conditioning the growth habit of numerous turf species at different heights of clip. Properly conditioned Turfgrass demonstrates new growth points at crown level, reduction in thatch buildup and scalping tendency in Zoysiagrass, Bermudagrass and bentgrass. Water consumption and drought studies on warm season grasses continue with the use of the linear gradient irrigation system (LGIS). Royal Zoysiagrass was approved for formal release in 2001 and Zorro (tested as DALZ9601) was released in April 2002. Both are Z. matrella - type grasses with good cold hardiness. ROYAL is noted for its fine texture and excellent shade tolerance. Zorro is
most similar to Cavalier yet is noted for its cold hardiness and low water requirements in comparison to earlier generations of zoysiagrasses and apparent resistance to a mite similar to the Bermudagrass mite
Impacts
The turfgrass breeding program under the direction of project H8027, M. C.Engelke, has developed and released 15 cultivars of various grass species which have been commercialized over past decade & used throughout the US & a number of foreign countries. PRAIRIE buffalograss was the 1st release in 1989 & has been used throughout the central and southern United States for home lawns, golf course roughs, and roadside -parkways. It was the first patented grass released by TAMU and the first Buffalograss cultivar released for use exclusively for turf. The grass is noted for aggressive growth & persistence under minimal care. Following the release of `PRAIRIE', three Bentgrass cultivars were released for superior heat tolerance (CATO & CRENSHAW), strong genetic color & disease tolerance (CATO) & salinity tolerance (MARINER) in 1996 with addition advances in physiological superiority with the release of CENTURY, IMPERIAL and BACKSPIN in 1997-98.
Releases of four Zoysiagrasses (CAVALIER, CROWNE, & PALISADES and DIAMOND) were made in 1996 targeting low water use, shade tolerance and resistance to a host of insects. These grasses have entered the sod production market and have been licensed in nearly every southern state with strong interest in Australia (presently in quarantine) and other countries. ROYAL Zoysiagrass targeted for the high end golf course tees and fairways was released in 2001, and ZORRO will be released in 2002 with improved cold hardiness and drought tolerance and is anticipated for wide spread use in the home owner and golf course market throughout the south.
Publications
- Reinert, J. A. Reinert, W. A. Mackay, S. W. George, J. Read, M. C. Engelke & S. J. Maranz. 2001. Residual chemical control for Melanoplus differentialis (Orthoptera: Acrididae) in urban landscapes. FL Entomol. 83(3): 380-384.
- Reinert, J. A. & M. C. Engelke. 2001. Resistance in zoysiagrass, Zoysia spp., to the tropical sod webworm, Herpetogramma phaeopteralis Guenee. Int. Turfgrass Soc. Res. J. 9: 798-801.
- Engelke, M.C. and S. J. Anderson. Taxonomy and Cytogenetics of Zoysia In Casler, M. D. and R.R. Duncan editors. Turfgrass Biology, Genetics and Cytotaxonomy. Sleeping Bear Press. Ann Arbor MI. 2002.
- Engelke, M. C., P. F. Colbaugh, J. A. Reinert, K. B. Marcum, R. H. White, B. A. Ruemmele, and S. J. Anderson. 2002. Registration of Diamond zoysiagrass. Crop Sci. 42:304-305.
- Engelke, M. C., J. A. Reinert, P. F. Colbaugh, K. B. Marcum, R. H. White, B. A. Ruemmele, and S. J. Anderson. 2002. Registration of Cavalier zoysiagrass. Crop Sci. 42:302-303.
- Engelke, M. C., R. H. White, P. F. Colbaugh, J. A. Reinert, K. B. Marcum, B. A. Ruemmele and S. J. Anderson. 2002. Registration of Crowne zoysiagrass. Crop Sci. 42:303-304.
- Engelke, M. C., R. H. White, P. F. Colbaugh, J. A. Reinert, K. B. Marcum, B. A. Ruemmele and S. J. Anderson. 2002. Registration of Palisades zoysiagrass. Crop Sci. 42:305-306.
|
Progress 01/01/01 to 12/31/01
Outputs
Bentgrass experimental variety designated as Syn96-2 will be targeted for release in early 2002. The 96 series has been advanced with superior heat and disease resistance while simultaneously selecting for improved color, texture and higher shoot density. Advances in mowing techniques have counter the high thatching tendency of the new generation of bentgrasses and Zoysiagrasses recently introduced into the market. High pressure injection of fungicides for Bentgrass root zone management studies continues targeting reduction in thatch build-up, and managing black-layer. Water consumption and drought studies on warm season grasses continue with the use of the linear gradient irrigation system (LGIS). Royal (tested as DALZ9006) Zoysiagrass was approved for formal release in 2001. Zorro (tested as DALZ9601) submitted for release in early 2002. Both are Z. matrella type grasses with good cold hardiness. ROYAL is noted for its fine texture and excellent shade tolerance.
Zorro is noted for its cold hardiness and low water requirements in comparison to earlier generations of zoysiagrasses.
Impacts
The turfgrass breeding program under the direction of project H8027, M. C.Engelke, has developed and released 15 cultivars of various grass species which have been commercialized over past decade & used throughout the US & a number of foreign countries. PRAIRIE buffalograss was the 1st release in 1989 & has been used throughout the central and southern United States for home lawns, golf course roughs, and roadside -parkways. It was the first patented grass released by TAMU and the first Buffalograss cultivar released for use exclusively for turf. The grass is noted for aggressive growth & persistence under minimal care. Following the release of `PRAIRIE', three Bentgrass cultivars were released for superior heat tolerance (CATO & CRENSHAW), strong genetic color & disease tolerance (CATO) & salinity tolerance (MARINER) in 1996 with addition advances in physiological superiority with the release of CENTURY, IMPERIAL and BACKSPIN in 1997-98.
Releases of four Zoysiagrasses (CAVALIER, CROWNE, & PALISADES and DIAMOND) were made in 1996 targeting low water use, shade tolerance and resistance to a host of insects. These grasses have entered the sod production market and have been licensed in nearly every southern state with strong interest in Australia (presently in quarantine) and other countries. ROYAL Zoysiagrass targeted for the high end golf course tees and fairways was released in 2001, and ZORRO will be released in 2002 with improved cold hardiness and drought tolerance and is anticipated for wide spread use in the home owner and golf course market throughout the south.
Publications
- Nelson, L. R., J. Crowder, M. C. Engelke, R. White and V. G. Lehman. 2001. Registration of `Axcella' Annual Ryegrass. Crop Sci. 41:1999
- Faust, M. B., and M. C. Engelke. 2001. Management of twenty warm-season grasses grown under Linear Gradient Irrigation. Agron Abst. 2001. page 88
- Anderson, S. J, M. C. Engelke, and A. H. Paterson. Zoysia clonal germplasm: Morphological and molecular variation.. Agron Abst. 2001. page 163
- Reinert, J. A. and M. C. Engelke. 2001. Hunting Billbug resistance in Zoysiagrass. Agron Abst. 2001. page 327
- Renganayaki, K., M. C. Engelke., J. C. Read, and M. A. Hussey. 2001 High-throughput AFLP fingerprinting of Zoysiagrass. Agron Abst. 2001. page 328
- White, R.H., M. C. Engelke, S. J. Anderson, B. A. Ruemmele, K. B. Marcum, and G. R. Taylor II. 2001. Zoysiagrass Water Relations. Crop Sci. 41:133-138.
- Braman, S. K. R. R. Duncan, and M. C. Engelke. 2000. Evaluation of turfgrasse4s for resistance to fall armyworms (Lepidoptera:Noctuidae). HortScience 35:1268-1270.
|
Progress 01/01/00 to 12/31/00
Outputs
Three new creeping bentgrass varieties identified as Syn96 series have been placed in advanced testing with Syn96-2 being targeted for release in 2001. The 96 series has been advanced with superior heat and disease resistance while simultaneously selecting for improved color, texture and higher shoot density. Management studies are underway to counter the high thatching tendency of the new generation of bentgrass being introduced into the market. Excellent progress is being made in defining alternative mowing procedures and frequencies. Management studies are also targeting root zone profiles and defining proper management to reduce thatch build-up, and eliminating black-layer utilizing. Frequent venting of greens, high pressure injection of hydrogen peroxide, and utilizing oxygenated water sources are under study. Two new zoysiagrasses presently designated as DALZ9006 and DALZ9601 are under consideration for release during 2001. Both are Z. matrella type grasses with
good cold hardiness. DALZ9006 AKA ROYAL is noted for its fine texture and excellent shade tolerance. DALZ9601 is noted for its cold hardiness and low water requirements in comparison to earlier generations of zoysiagrasses.
Impacts
(N/A)
Publications
- M. A. Hegemann, J. J. Sloan, E. R. Allen, R. Cabrera and M. C. Engelke. 2000. Growing Mediums for Use as Porous Pavement. 2000 Agron. Abstr. Page 122.
- Qian, Yaling, M. C. Engelke and M. J. Foster. 2000. Salinity effects on zoysiagrass cultivars and experimental lines. Crop Science 40:488-492.
|
Progress 01/01/99 to 12/31/99
Outputs
The development of improved cultivars of bentgrass has led to research to examine methods of interseeding new cultivars into existing stands of older cultivars. Current Interseeding methods, such as verticutting and use of job saver aerification tines are disruptive to the green surface and reduce playability. Using High Pressure Injection for non-disruptive Interseeding has been successful with minimal loss of seed and with effective placement of seed for maximum germination and stand development. Management studies were conducted on the impact of fertilization and aerification frequency on performance of numerous zoysia cultivars. The frequency of aerification varied from 1 - 6 times per year and fertility levels varies from 2 - 6 kg/ha annually. Cultivars included in the study were Cavalier, Crowne, Palisades, and El Toro. Significant differences were seen for all parameters and initial results showing that two aerifications per year and two - four pounds of N.
Various species of Zoysiagrass (Zoysia matrella and Z. japonica) originating in the Orient are in use as durable turfgrass cultivars around the world. Many cultivars and genotypes of Zoysiagrass have been under evaluation to develop pest resistance and low cultural input turfgrass species. We are specifically working with resistance against the fall armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda); tropical sod webworm (Herpetogramma phaeopteralis) and the host specific zoysiagrass mite (Eriophyes zoysiae).
Impacts
(N/A)
Publications
- J. A. Reinert and M. C. Engelke. 1999. Resistance to Insects and Mites in Zoysiagrass. 1999 Agron. Abstr. Page 122.
- K. E. Kenworthy and M. C. Engelke. 1999. Aerification and Fertilization of Zoysiagrass Fairways. 1999 Agron. Abstr. Page 126.
- K. E. Kenworthy and M. C. Engelke. 1999. A mechanical process for Interseeding creeping bentgrass into greens. 1999 Agron. Abstr. Page 126.
- Qian, Y. L. and M. C. Engelke. 1999. Performance of five turfgrasses under linear gradient irrigation. Hort Sci. 34 (5): 893-896.
- Qian, Y. L. and M. C. Engelke. 1998. Trinexapac-Ethyl restricts shoot growth and improves quality of `Diamond' Zoysiagrass under shade. Hort Sci. 33 (6): 1019-1022.
- Qian, Y. L. and M. C. Engelke. 1999. Influence of Trinexapac-Ethyl on Diamond Zoysiagrass in a shade environment. Crop Sci. 39 (1): 202 - 208.
|
Progress 01/01/98 to 12/31/98
Outputs
Renewed effective January 1998. 'Backspin' and Creeping bentgrasses (Agrostis stoloniferous L. Huds), was released and Licensed to Turf Merchants, Inc. Albany Oregon in early 1998 as heat tolerant broadly adapted improved varieties for use on fairways and putting greens where ever bentgrasses are grown. Diamond zoysiagrass (Zoysia matrella) was extensively evaluated with approximately seven other species/varieties in Argentina for use on indoor soccer fields. Diamond demonstrated most superior shade and low light tolerance and ability to persist and survive under low light conditions (12-18%) natural sunlight. Plant growth regulator research with Diamond suggests Primo provides for superior performance under low light conditions to 12% light. Cavalier zoysiagrass (Zoysia matrella) is noted for mole cricket and fall army worm resitance. Performance throught the lower mid-west for golf course fairways and home lawns. Cavalier zoysiagrass is licensed in Texas, Tennessee,
Arkansas, Mississippi, Louisianna, Oklahoma, and Missouri. Cavalier has good cold hardiness, high density and excellent shade tolerance. 'Palisades' and 'Crowne' zoysiagrass (Z. japonicas) have been licensed for production in Texas only as of 1998. Linear Gradient Irrigation System (LGIS) is being reestablished for continued water-use studies relative to fertility, disease and insect repsonse on 22 cultivars of 6 species including Bermudagrass, St. Augustinegrass, Zoysiagrass, Buffalograss, Texas-Kentucky bluegrass and Tall Fescue.
Impacts
(N/A)
Publications
- Lehman, V.G., M.C. Engelke, K.B. Marcum, P.F. Colbaugh, J.A. Reinert, B.A. Ruemmelle & R.H. White. 1998. Registration of 'Mariner' Creeping Bentgrass. Crop Sci. 38:537.
- Marcum, Kenneth B., Sharoan J. Anderson, and M.C. Engelke. 1998. Salt gland ion secretion: A salinity tolerance mechanism among five zoysiagrass species. Crop Sci. 38:806-810.
- Bowman, D.C., D.A. Devitt, M.C. Engelke, and T.W. Rufty, Jr. 1998. Root architecture affects nitrate leaching from bentgrass turf. Crop Sci. 38:1633-1639.
- Reinert, J.A., M.C. Engelke, J.C. Read, P.F. Colbaugh, S.J. Maranz & B.R. Wiseman. 1998. Fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda, resistance in turfgrass. Inter. Sym. Crop Protection, Univ. Gent, Gent, Belgium 50:(in press).
- Qian, Y.L., M.C. Engelke, M.J.V. Foster, and S. Reynolds. 1998. Trinexapac-ethyl restricts shoot growth and improves quality of 'Diamond' zoysiagrass under shade. HortScience, 33(6): 1019-1022.
|
|