Progress 10/01/99 to 09/30/05
Outputs
From 2000 to 2004, each year we tested 10-14 seed treatment combinations at varying rates on two cultivars of sweet corn, one se and one sh2 for field stand establishment at the OSU/OARDC North Central Ag Research Station (near Fremont, OH). In 2005, twelve treatments comprised of various combinations of Captan, Thiram, Allegiance, Poncho, Cruiser, Maxim, APron, Dynasty, Topsin, Divident Xtreme, L0052, L1226, L1028, L1217, L1243, A14115A, 2 biologica/organic treatments (GB34 and Natural II) plus an untreated control (UTC)were tested on 'Krispy King' (sh2) and 'Luscious' (se) cultivars for field stand establishment. Emergence of GB34 and the UTC on Luscious seed was lower than any of the treatment combinations. Field results for Krispy King showed stands were lowest with GB 34 and the UTC, but were not significantly different compared to 7 of the seed treatment combinations. In addition, in 2002, lab testing (std. germination, accelerated aging (AA) and saturated salt
accelerated aging (SSAA) test, seed moisture content) examined 25 sh2 and se sweet corn cultivars. Seeds for AA and SSAA were aged for 72 h at three temperatures (41, 43 and 45C). With most cultivars, percent normal seedlings were generally higher from SSAA compared to AA tests.
Impacts
Critical challenges to the sweet corn industry are pest management, pesticide residues, genetically modified organisms,and weed control. Since the industry is rapidly losing older herbicides and few new ones are being registered,we will look for genes that increase sweet corn competitiveness so that lower rates of herbicides can be used.
Publications
- Bennett, M.A., A.F. Evans, and E. Grassbaugh. 2001. Saturated salt accelerated aging (SSAA) test for assessing and comparing sh2 and se sweet corn seedlots. Proc. Intl. Seed Testing Assoc. 26:11.
- Bennett, M.A., E.M. Grassbaugh, A.F. Evans and M.D. Kleinhenz. 2003. Saturated salt accelerated aging (SSAA) and other vigor tests for vegetable seeds. Seed Technology 26:67-74.
- Bennett, M.A. 2004. Seed and agronomic factors associated with germination under temperature and water stress (p. 97-123). In: Handbook of Seed Physiology: Applications to Agriculture. (R. Benech-Arnold and R. Sanchez, eds.) Haworth Press, Inc. N.Y., N.Y. 480 pp.
- Hoffmaster, A.E., L. Xu, K. Fugimura, M.B. McDonald, M.A. Bennett, and A.F. Evans. 2005. The OSU seed vigor imaging system (SVIS) for soybean and corn seedlings. Seed Technology 27:7-24.
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Progress 01/01/04 to 12/31/04
Outputs
Ten seed treatments comprised of various combinations and rates of Captan, Thiram, Allegiance, Thiophanate-methyl, Thiram, L1226-A1, Poncho, Cruiser, Maxim, Apron, Dynasty, Raxil and Dividend Xtreme were evaluated using 2 sweet corn cultivars, How Sweet It Is (sh2) and July Gold (se) at the OSU/OARDC North Central Ag Research Station (near Fremont, OH). Emergence of untreated (UTC) July Gold seed was lower than any of the treatment combinations. Field results showed no differences among seed treatments for the sh2 cultivar, while all treatments improved laboratory cold test results for How Sweet It Is and July Gold compared to UTC.
Impacts
This multi-location project was coordinated by the seed treatment committee of the Intl. Sweet Corn Development Assoc. (ISCDA) and the NE-124 regional committee. Information generated from this international study is of value to sweet corn producers, consultants, industry personnel, extension plant pathologists, and others interested in identifying the best performing seed treatments for optimum seedling establishment.
Publications
- Bennett, M.A. 2004. Seed and agronomic factors associated with germination under temperature and water stress. In: Handbook of Seed Physiology: Applications to Agriculture. (R. Benech-Arnold and R. Sanchez, eds.) Haworth Press, Inc. N.Y., N.Y. (in press).
- Bennett, M.A., E.M. Grassbaugh, A.F. Evans and M.D. Kleinhenz. 2004. Saturated salt accelerated aging (SSAA) and other vigor tests for vegetable seeds. Seed Technology 26:67-74.
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Progress 01/01/03 to 12/31/03
Outputs
Twelve seed treatments comprised of various combinations and rates of Captan, Thiram, Allegiance, Flo Pro IMZ, Topsin, L1115-A1, Poncho, Cruiser, Maxim, Apron, A13641, CGA 301940 and Divident Xtreme were evaluated using 2 sweet corn cultivars, 'How Sweet It Is' (sh2) and 'July Gold' (se) at the OSU/OARDC Vegetable Crops Branch (near Fremont, OH) and at the OSU Extension Enterprise Center (Hillsboro, OH). Emergence of untreated (UTC) 'How Sweet It Is' seed at both field locations was lower than any of the treatment combinations. While emergence was much lower at Hillsboro, all but one seed treatment (Maxim + Apron) significantly improved 'July Gold' seedling establishment compared to the UTC results. Cold test results showed no differences among seed treatments for the sh2 cultivar, while all treatments improved results for 'July Gold' compared to UTC.
Impacts
This multi-location project was coordinated by the seed treatment committee of the Intl. Sweet Corn Development Assoc. (ISCDA) and the NE-124 regional committee. Information generated from this international study is of value to sweet corn producers, consultants, industry personnel, extension plant pathologists, and others interested in identifying the best performing seed treatments for optimum seedling establishment
Publications
- No publications reported this period
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Progress 01/01/02 to 12/31/02
Outputs
Lab testing (std. germination, accelerated aging (AA) and saturated salt accelerated aging (SSAA) test, seed moisture content) examined 25 sh2 and se sweet corn cultivars. Seeds for AA and SSAA were aged for 72 h at three temperatures (41, 43 and 45C). With most cultivars, percent normal seedlings were generally higher from SSAA compared to AA tests. Fourteen seed treatments comprised of various combinations and concentrations of Captan, Thiram, Allegiance, Flo Pro IMZ, Vortex, L1115-A1, Maxim, Apron XL, Divident Xtreme, CGA301940, and Cruiser 600 FS were evaluated using 2 sweet corn cultivars, `July Gold' (se) and `277A' (sh2) at the OSU/OARDC Vegetable Crops Branch in Fremont, OH. Emergence of untreated (UTC) `July Gold' seed was lower than any of the treatment combinations Only three seed treatments significantly improved emergence of `277A' compared to the UTC results.
Impacts
Protocols used for field corn vigor testing are too severe for sweet corn seed. The sweet corn industry is depending on the seed testing labs to have a useful, repeatable, and standardized vigor test. The cold test is difficult to standardize because of the use of soil. The SSAA test is simple, repeatable, reliable and adds to findings from seed treatment studies.
Publications
- No publications reported this period
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Progress 01/01/01 to 12/31/01
Outputs
Lab testing (std. germination, accelerated aging (AA) and saturated salt accelerated aging (SSAA) test, seed moisture content) examined 12 sh2 and 6 se sweet corn cultivars and one field corn variety. Seeds for AA and SSAA were aged for 72 h at three temperatures (41, 43 and 45C). Standard germination results showed above 80% normal seedlings for all cultivars and genotypes. SSAA and AA results for 41C resulted in above 75% normal seedlings for all but one cultivar. When exposed to temperatures of 43 and 45C, percent abnormal and dead seedlings increased. With most cultivars, percent normal seedlings were generally higher from SSAA compared to AA tests. Seed moisture content was higher for all cultivars at all temperatures when seeds were suspended above water [AA (R.H. near 100%) compared to NaCl [SSAA (R.H. 78%)].
Impacts
The current guidelines used for field corn vigor testing are too severe for sweet corn seed test. The sweet corn industry is depending on the seed testing labs to have a useful, repeatable, and standardized vigor test. The cold test is difficult to standardize because of the use of soil. The SSAA test would be easy to do, repeatable, and reliable.
Publications
- BENNETT, M.A.,EVANS, A.F., and GRASSBAUGH, E. 2001. Saturated salt accelerated aging (SSAA) test for assessing and comparing sh2 and se sweet corn seedlots. Proc. Int'l Seed Testing Assoc. 26:11.
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Progress 01/01/00 to 12/31/00
Outputs
Lab testing (standard germination, accelerated aging (AA) and saturated salt accelerated aging (SSAA) tests) examined 13 sh2 and 13 se sweet corn cultivars, plus one field corn variety. Seeds for AA and SSAA tests were aged for 72 h at four test temperatures (41, 43, 45, or 47 degrees C). Germination was above 90 percent for all but two sh2 cultivars in our study. Standard AA test results provided a broader range of normal seedlings (40-100 percent) vs. the SSAA test (71-99 percent) at 40 degrees C. By using a test temperature of 43 degrees C, however, the normal seedling range was virtually identical for AA and SSAA (24-98 percent vs. 25-99 percent). Coefficient of variation (CV) values increased as test temperature increased from 41-43 degrees C (average of 12.8 vs. 29.6), and SSAA CV values were consistently lower at all 4 temperatures than those for the AA tests.One expected result of this experiment, that the SSAA technique would reduce seed microflora growth due
to the lower RH levels sing NaCl solution, was not noticeable as the seeds were removed after the initial 72 hr temperature stress. This may be due to the excellent seed treatments which were commercially applied to our seed samples. Labs which test seed directly from production fields would likely observe the reduction in microflora growth using the SSAA technique.
Impacts
The current guidelines used for field corn vigor testing are too severe for sweet corn seed tests. The sweet corn industry is depending on the seed testing labs to have a useful, repeatable, and standardized vigor test. The cold test is difficult to standardize because of the use of soil. The saturated salt accelerated aging (SSAA) test would be easy to do, repeatable, and reliable
Publications
- BARR, A., M. BENNETT, and J. CARDINA. 2000. GIS shows impact of field placement on sh2 sweet corn establishment. HortTechnology 10:341-350.
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Progress 01/01/99 to 12/31/99
Outputs
Lab studies examined eight sh2 and se sweet corn seedlots (plus one field corn variety) in standard AA (accelerated aging) vs. SSAA (saturated salt accelerated aging) tests. Cold tests were also conducted as an established indicator of seed vigor. Standard germination results all showed >91% normal seedlings, and provide little value in assessing any possible seed vigor differences among seedlots. Results between AA and SSAA tests differed most for two sh2 cultivars in this study ('Morning Star', 'Ice Queen'). Sixteen seed treatments were evaluated on 2 sweet corn cultivars, 'Double Gem' (se) and 'Even Sweeter' (sh2) at two Ohio field locations to determine the best treatments for stand establishment. The Ohio trials were part of a multi-location seed treatment trial coordinated by Dr. Krishna Mohan, Univ. of Idaho. Emergence of untreated (UTC) 'Even Sweeter' seed was lower than for seeds treated with any of the 16 seed treatments. Emergence of 'Double Gem' (se) was
improved by 14 of the 16 treatments tested vs. UTC at Columbus, but only 8 treatments improved stands at Fremont, where the UTC had a respectable 75% stand count at the 5-6 leaf stage.
Impacts
The SSAA test (~76% RH) may provide a more accurate ranking than the AA test (~99% RH) of sweet corn seed quality/vigor by reducing the growth of seedborne microorganisms. Higher temperatures (43-47C) may be needed for the SSAA test compared to the AA test, routinely conducted at 41C. Information generated from the Ohio (and national) seed treatment trials is of value to sweet corn producers, farm advisers, industry personnel and others interested in identifying the best seed treatments for optimum stand establishment.
Publications
- Barr, A., Bennett, M. and Cardina, J. 1999. GIS shows impact of field placement on sh2 sweet corn establishment. HortTechnology 9: (in press).
- Bennett, M.A. and Grassbaugh, E.M. 1999. Sweet corn seed treatment and seedling establishment studies. In: Processing Vegetable Research Report -1998, pgs. 14-16. Ohio State Univ./Ohio Agric. Res. and Dev. Center, Hort. Series No. 683.
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Progress 01/01/98 to 12/31/98
Outputs
Eleven seed treatments(10 chemical combinations + 1 chemical plus biological)were evaluated on 2 cultivars of sweet corn Parfait (se) and Even Sweeter (sh2) at two Ohio field locations to determine the best performing seed treatments for optimum stand establishment. This was part of a multi-location seed treatment trial coordinated by Dr. Krishna Mohan at the University of Idaho. This trial was developed by the Seed Treatment Committee of the National Sweet Corn Breeders Association. Plots were established at the Vegetable Crops Branch, Fremont on April 24 and in Columbus on May 12. Plots were mechanically seeded and stand counts taken at the 5-6 leaf stage. Stand count results from both locations show a higher percent emergence for the sh2 cultivar Even Sweeter compared to the se cultivar, Parfait. Challenges to sweet corn production vary by season and growing . Evaluation of these seed treatments at several locations is of value to the sweet corn producers, industry
personnel, consultants, farm advisers, extension plant pathologists and others interested in identifying the best performing seed treatments for optimum stand establishment.
Impacts
(N/A)
Publications
- BARR, A. 1998. Precision planting for sh2 sweet corn (Zea mays L.) stand establishment. M.S. Thesis, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH. 72 p.
- BARR, A. AND BENNETT, M. 1998. Precision planting for sh2 sweet corn stand establishment. HortScience 33535 (abstract).
- BENNETT, M.A., BARR, A.J., GRASSBAUGH, E.M. AND EVANS, A.F. 1998. Seed vigor evaluation of su, se, and sh2 sweet corn genotypes using the saturated salt accelerated aging (SSAA) test. Int. Seed Test. Assoc., Proc. 25th Seed Symposium, Pretoria, S. Africa (abstract).
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Progress 01/01/97 to 12/31/97
Outputs
Impact of soil type (Crosby, Kokomo) and planting depths on emergence of 3 hybrids of sh2 sweet corn with varying seed vigor was investigated. 'Starship', 'Skyline'(weakest seed vigor), and 'Confection' were planted at 1.3cm, 2.5cm, and 5.1cm depths. The hybrids tended to have higher emergence at the 2.5cm depth on the Crosby soil and best emergence at 5.1cm depth in the Kokomo. Emergence at the shallowest planting depth was poor for all hybrids on both soils. On the Crosby soil 'Confection' had 83 to 100% emergence compared to 54 to 83% emergence for Starship. The 2.5cm and 5.1cm depths for 'Starship' planted on Kokomo yielded about 70% emergence, while the 1.3cm depth had only 30% emergence. Lab studies examined moisture uptake and accelerated aging for seedlots of 5 sweet corn cultivars. The cultivars were exposed to water only or salt solutions producing different RH levels; water 100%, KCl 87%, and NaCl 76%. Treatments were maintained at 41C for up to 96 hours.
Cultivars evaluated included 'Tuxedo'(se) and 'Gold Cup' (su). Thermogradient table (TG) germination tests were also conducted at 2C increments from 12-30C. Cold tests (CT) were conducted as a standard measure of seedlot vigor. Saturated salt accelerated aging results (NaCl only) correlated well with seed vigor rankings of sh2 cultivars when compared with TG tests, but CT provided better prediction of seedlot field performance.
Impacts
(N/A)
Publications
- BENNETT, M.A. 1997. Biological seed treatments for improved corn germination and emergence. Proc. 51st Ann. JASTA Corn & Sorghum Res. Conf. 51:200-211, Amer. Seed Trade Assoc., Inc.; Washington, D.C.
- WARREN, J.E. and BENNETT, M.A. 1997. Seed hydration using the drum priming system. HortScience 32:(in press).
- BARR, A., and BENNETT, M.A. 1997. Emergence of sh2 sweet corn on two soil types at varying depths. Proc. 5th Natl. Symp. on Stand Estab., Columbus OH. OARDC Hort & Crop Sci. Series No. 668, pp. 215-221.
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Progress 01/01/96 to 12/30/96
Outputs
Sweet corn cultivars While D'Lite'(se) and WSS-4948' (sh2) were hydrated using aprototype drum priming device at 25 degrees C for 6 h. During each cycle, 125 g of seeds were exposed to 1.6, 3.2, 4.8 or 6.0 ml distilled water and rotated in a drum for 1 hour to ensure uniform absorption. Drum priming hydrated both seedlots gradually, with increasing time required to achieve the desired seed moisture content of 25-30 percent preplant hydration of sweet corn seed. Drum priming provides limited amounts of water to the seed at less than natural imbibition rate, and has advantages over seed priming systems which use osmotic solutions or solid matrix carriers...Field research on sh2 sweet corn emergence of 2 cultivars (high vs. low vigor seed) at 3 planting depths on two distinct mineral soil types was initiated in Sept. 1996. Soil temperature and moisture data are monitored, with the goal of using GPS/GIS technology and soil mapping to assist in precision planting
options.
Impacts
(N/A)
Publications
- BENNETT, M.A. AND GRASSBAUGH, E. 1996. Combining bioprimed seed and clear plastic mulch for earliest sweet corn production. In: Proc. Veg. Res. Rpt. 1995,pgs. 23-25; OSU/OARDC HCS Ser. No. 651.
- BENNETT, M.A. 1996. Biological seed treatments for improved corn germination andemergence. Proc. 51st Annual ASTA Corn & Sorghum Res. Conference 51 (in press).
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