SOCIAL AND CULTURAL ISSUES RELATED TO ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION IN RURAL AREAS

Knowledge Area (KA)	Subject of Investigation (SOI)	Field of Science (FOS)	Percent
803	6010	3080	50%
803	6050	3080	50%

Progress 07/01/95 to 12/31/06

Outputs
It would be impossible to summarize all projects--please see publications.

Impacts
Various projects have had diverse impacts, from increased funding of soil and water conservation districts to new program strategies for adoption of conservation practices.

Publications

Rikoon, J.S. and E. Whiting. The Public and Genetically Modified Foods: A Review of Survey Research. The Rural Sociologist 26:4 (2006): 37-49.
Arbuckle, Jr., J.G., C. Valdivia, A. Raedeke, J. Green, and J.S. Rikoon. The Role of Land Tenure in the Adoption of Agroforestry. Agroforestry Systems 68:2 (2006) 47-59.
Rikoon, J.S. The Political Ecology of Ecosystem Restoration in the Missouri Ozarks. Geoforum, 2006 (37:2): 178-194.
Valdivia, C., H. Dorr, J. Arbuckle, J. Love, S. Rikoon and M. Gold. Profiles of Missouri Rural Livelihoods in Four Research Regions: Social, Economic, Institutional, and Ecological Characteristics. Center for Agroforestry, University of Missouri Columbia. MO. 2006.
Rikoon, S. and E. Whiting. Public Perceptions of Genetic Modification in Food: A Review of Survey Research. Report for the Illinois-Missouri Biotechnology Alliance, 2006.

Progress 01/01/05 to 12/31/05

Outputs
Projects on which progress occurred in 2005 include (1) "Consumers and GM Foods" Investigators: Christine Poulos; Sandy Rikoon Funding Source: Illinois-Missouri Biotech Alliance This project emphasized a meta-analysis on all social science survey research on consumers and GM foods. (2) "The Central Missouri Food Pantry Client Survey" Investigators: Sandy Rikoon, Joan Hermsen, Matt Foulkes, and Nikki Raedeke Funding Source: University of Missouri Research Board. This project completed surveys of more than 1,300 clients of food pantries in central and northeast Missouri. (3) "Community Food System and Sustainable Agriculture Program" Investigators: Sandy Rikoon; Mary Hendrickson; Jose Garcia Funding Source: University Extension. Although primarily an Extension project, we are involved in research on new Latino immigrant farmers, community food systems and local food circles, and direct marketing of meat and other products. (4) A new USDA Higher Education Challenge grant was received and started in September, 2005 for development of three new interdisciplinary courses. (5) "Agroforestry family farm and floodplain initiative" Investigators: Sandy Rikoon, Corinne Valdivia and others Funding Source: USDA-ARS. This project is researching institutional constraints to the adoption of agroforestry practices and the adoption of specific agroforestry practices by individuals residing near four AES farms in Missouri. (6) "Competing Visions of Development of Rural Areas" Investigators: Elizabeth Barham; Michael Kaylen; Laura McCann; Sandy Rikoon Funding Source: National Science Foundation. This project will investigate the diversity of economic and regional planning efforts in so-called marginal rural areas of the Czech Republic and Missouri; and (7) "Watershed-scale evaluation of soil and water conservation practices in the Goodwater Creek Watershed." Investigators: Claire Baffaut, Steve Anderson, John Leerch, John Sadler, Bill Kurtz, Laura McCann, Bob Borz, and Sandy Rikoon. This project is examining the adoption of water quality protection practices in a northern Boone County watershed and factors impacting on surface water quality.

Impacts
Varies by project

Publications

Rikoon, J.S. 2005. The Political Ecology of Ecosystem Restoration in the Missouri Ozarks. Geoforum 37(2): 178-194.
Arbuckle, Jr., J.G., C. Valdivia, A. Raedeke, J. Green, and J.S. Rikoon. 2005. The Non-Operator Landowner and Agroforestry: An Analysis of Factors Associated with Interest in Agroforestry Practices. In K. Brooks and P. Folliot, eds., Moving Agroforestry Into the Mainstream. Minneapolis: Association for Temperate Forestry.
Rikon, J.S., J. Hermsen, M. Foulkes, N. Raedeke, and E. Whiting. 2005. Coping With Hunger: Food Pantry Clients In The Central Missouri Food Bank Region. Report for the Central Missouri Food Bank. 101 pages.
Rikoon, S. and E. Whiting. 2005. Public Perceptions of Genetic Modification in Food: A Review of Survey Research. Report for the Illinois-Missouri Biotechnology Alliance, 2006. 55 pages.
Valdivia, C., H. Dorr, J. Arbuckle, J. Love, S. Rikoon and M. Gold. 2005. Profiles of Missouri Rural Livelihoods in Four Research Regions: Social, Economic, Institutional, and Ecological Characteristics. Agricultural Economics Working Paper 2005-2. Department of Agricultural Economics, University of Missouri Columbia. MO.

Progress 01/01/04 to 12/31/04

Outputs
Projects on which progress occurred in 2004 include "Consumers and GM Foods" Investigators: Christine Poulos; Sandy Rikoon Funding Source: Illinois-Missouri Biotech Alliance This project is examining and performing a meta-analysis on all social science survey research on consumers and GM foods. "The 2003 Seven City and Outstate Survey and 2003 Conservation Monitor Survey" Investigators: Sandy Rikoon and Joan Hermsen Funding Source: Missouri Department of Conservation. This project completed examination of the returns of 7,000 Missouri citizens on issues related to outdoor recreation, the Missouri Department of Conservation, and conservation policy. "Community Food System and Sustainable Agriculture Program" Investigators: Sandy Rikoon; Mary Hendrickson; Jose Garcia Funding Source: University Extension Although primarily an Extension project, we are involved in research on new Latino immigrant farmers, community food systems and local food circles, and direct marketing of meat and other products. In addition, a new USDA Higher Education Challenge grant was received in 2005 for development of three new interdisciplinary courses. "Agroforestry family farm and floodplain initiative" Investigators: Sandy Rikoon, Corinne Valdivia and others Funding Source: USDA-ARS This project is researching institutional constraints to the adoption of agroforestry practices and the adoption of specific agroforestry practices by individuals residing near four AES farms in Missouri. "Competing Visions of Development of Rural Areas" Investigators: Elizabeth Barham; Michael Kaylen; Laura McCann; Sandy Rikoon Funding Source: NSF Recently funded, this project will investigate the diversity of economic and regional planning efforts in so-called marginal rural areas of the Czech Republic and Missouri.

Impacts
Varies by project

Publications

Rikoon, J.S. and D.H. Constance. Missouri Citizen Attitudes Towards Forest Resources: Issues Related to Forest Land Management and Sustainability. In Susan Flader, ed., Toward Sustainability for Missouri Forests. Columbia: University of Missouri Press, 2004, pp. 211-227.
Rikoon, J.S. On the Politics of the Politics of Origins: Social (In)Justice and the International Agenda on Intellectual Property, Traditional Knowledge, and Folklore. Journal of American Folklore 117 (2004): 325-339.
Rikoon, J.S., T. Goedeke, and J. Hermsen. Your Ideas Count!: Report of Results of the 2003 Missouri Conservation Opinion Survey. Report for the Missouri Department of Conservation, 2004. 558 pages.
Anna Kleiner. Dissertation: The Importance of Unit of Analysis in Assessing the Social, Environmental, and Economic Impacts of Large-Scale Hog Operations on Rural Communities in Northern Missouri, 2004.

Progress 01/01/03 to 12/31/03

Outputs
Projects on which progress occurred in 2003 include "Consumers and GM Foods" Investigators: Christine Poulos; Sandy Rikoon Funding Source: Illinois-Missouri Biotech Alliance This project is examining and performing a meta-analysis on all social science survey research on consumers and GM foods. "The 2003 Seven City and Outstate Survey and 2003 Conservation Monitor Survey" Investigators: Sandy Rikoon and Joan Hermsen Funding Source: Missouri Department of Conservation This project is examining the returns of 7,000 Missouri citizens on issues related to outdoor recreation, the Missouri Department of Conservation, and conservation policy. "Comunity Food System and Sustainable Agriculture Program" Investigators: Sandy Rikoon; Mary Hendrickson; Jose Garcia Funding Source: University Extension Although primarily an Extension project, we are involved in research on new Latino immigrant farmers, community food systems and local food circles, and direct marketing of meat and other products. "Agroforestry family farm and floodplain initiative" Investigators: Sandy Rikoon, Corinne Valdivia and others Funding Source: USDA-ARS This project is researching institutional constraints to the adoption of agroforestry practices and the adoption of specific agroforestry practices by individuals residing near four AES farms in Missouri. "Competing Visions of Development of Rural Areas" Investigators: Elizabeth Barham; Michael Kaylen; Laura McCann; Sandy Rikoon Funding Source: NSF Recently funded, this project will investigate the diversity of economic and regional planning efforts in so-called marginal rural areas of the Czech Republic and Missouri.

Impacts
Varies by project

Publications

Rikoon, J.S. 2003. American Folklore Society Statement to the Intergovernmental Committee on Intellectual Property and Genetic Resources, Traditional Knowledge and Folklore (WIPO; Geneva).
Constance, D.H., A. Kleiner, and J.S. Rikoon. 2003. "The Contested Terrain of Swine Production: Deregulation and Reregulation of Corporate Farming Laws in Missouri." In Jane Adams, ed., Fighting for the Farm: Rural America Transformed. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2003.
Rikoon, J.S. and D.H. Constance. 2003. "Missouri Citizen Attitudes Towards Forest Resources: Issues Related to Forest Land Management and Sustainability." In Susan Flader, ed., Forest Sustainability in Missouri. University of Missouri Press, 2003.

Progress 01/01/02 to 12/31/02

Outputs
OBJECTIVES: (1) Understanding the social and institutional impacts on water quality protection andrestoration, and soil conservation, in agricultural regions. (2) Providing resource managers, agencies, and institutions with more complete knowledge of the human dimensions of resource conservation and management. (3) Analysis of the social, economic, and cultural impacts of farm and environmental policies and programs. APPROACH: (1) Undertaking research with critical decision-makers (e.g. farmers, landlords, Extension educators) to determine participation and responsibilities in decision- making and factors influencing choices. (2) Combining qualitative and quantitative data assessments of local conflicts over resource use and impacts of change. (3) Documenting social, economic, and cultural dimensions over geographic and ecological spaces for use as management and research tools. PROGRESS: Research continued on four primary fronts: (1) Study of the structure of soil and water conservation districts in Missouri, including the conduct of surveys and focus groups with traditional and emerging constituencies of the districts; (2) Study of Missouri citizens and citizen attitudes toward resources, recreation, and agencies; (3) study of the social, economic, and enviornmental impacts of large-scale hog operations in northern Missouri (4) Case studies in the Czech Republic in conjuntion with the Czech Academy of Science.

Impacts
The primary impacts have has been in the areas of improving environmental policy and project implementation. Particular impacts include refinement of processes to make them more inclusionary and participatory, and raising the awareness of government agencies and staff as to the social and cultural factors that constrain citizen participation and support. Specific project impacts include new programs and initiatives on the part of Missouri Soil and Water Conservation Districts.

Publications

Constance, D.H., A. Kleiner, and J.S. Rikoon. The Contested Terrain of Swine Production: Deregulation and Reregulation of Corporate Farming Laws in Missouri. In Jane Adams, ed., Power and Politics in the Transformation of Rural America, pp. 75-95. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2002.
Rikoon, J.S. and D.H. Constance. Missouri Citizen Attitudes Towards Forest Resources: Issues Related to Forest Land Management and Sustainability. In Susan Flader, ed., Forest Sustainability in Missouri, pp. 134-148. Columbia: University of Missouri Press, 2002.
Rikoon, J.S., A. Kleiner, and J. Ferrell. Empowering Local Districts to Solve Local Natural Resource Problems: An Examination into the Structure of the Soil and Water Conservation Program in Missouri. Report for the Missouri Soil and Water Districts Commission (Department of Natural Resources) and the Missouri Department of Conservation. 2002. 115 pages.

Progress 01/01/01 to 12/31/01

Outputs
OBJECTIVES: (1) Understanding the social and institutional impacts on water quality protection and restoration, and soil conservation, in agricultural regions. (2) Providing resource managers, agencies, and institutions with more complete knowledge of the human dimensions of resource conservation and management. (3) Analysis of the social, economic, and cultural impacts of farm and environmental policies and programs. APPROACH: (1) Undertaking research with critical decision-makers (e.g. farmers, landlords,custom applicators) to determine participation and responsibilities in decision- making and factors influencing choices. (2) Combining qualitative and quantitative data assessments of local conflicts over resource use and impacts of change. (3) Documenting social, economic, and cultural dimensions over geographic and ecological spaces for use as management and research tools. PROGRESS: 2000/01 TO 2000/12 Research continued on four primary fronts: (1) Study of the structure of soil and water conservation districts in Missouri, including the conduct of surveys and focus groups with traditional and emerging constituencies of the districts; (2) Study of forest owner and citizen attitudes toward forest resources and the environmental, economic, and social factors related to citizen attitudes towards forest land; (3) study of the social, economic, and enviornmental impacts of large-scale hog operations in northern Missouri (4) Case studies in the Czech Republic in conjuntion with the Czech Academy of Science. Work progressed on two studies: (1) the types of appropriate non-linear and linear models to use in development projects in so-called marginal areas, and 2) the concept of landscape field and its applicability to landscape ecology research.

Impacts
The primary impacts have has been in the areas of improving environmental policy and project implementation. Particular impacts include refinement of processes to make them more inclusionary and participatory, and raising the awareness of government agencies and staff as to the social and cultural factors that constrain citizen participation and support.

Publications

Raedeke, A.H., J.S. Rikoon, and C.H. Nilon. 2001. Ecosystem Management and Landowner Concern About Regulations: A Case Study in the Missouri Ozarks. Society and Natural Resources 14: 77-94.
Lapka, M., J.S. Rikoon, E. Cudlinova, and J. Bodhac. 2001. Use of Linear and Non-Linear Approaches to Solving the Problems of Marginal Areas. International Journal of Sustainable Development 5: 157-176.
Lapka, M., J.S. Rikoon, E. Cudlinova, and J. Maxa. 2001. Integrating Nature, Culture, and Society: The Concept of Landscape Field. Ecology 20: 124-139.

Progress 01/02/00 to 12/31/00

Outputs
Research continued on three primary fronts: (1) We continued our research on anti-environmentalism and rural citizen resistance to public environmental programs. Our main case study focuses on a failed effort to establish the Ozark Highlands Biosphere Reserve. Our research focuses largely on the causes of failure, particularly the largely exclusionary nature of citizen involvement processes which increased citizen angst about possible negative repercussions. In addition, property rights and regional identity concerns were important as a core beliefs informing citizen resistance. Future projects in this region will have to be both more inclusionary in their processes (e.g., greater citizen participation beginning with early stages) and take into account salient cultural and social belief systems. A book-length study was completed and published in 2000. (2) Continuing study of farmer participation in government conservation programs in Missouri. Work focused on the role of trust and efficacy in government as factors affecting landowner participation in government programs, factors influencing the strength of Missouri soil and water conservation districts, and general variables affecting landowner participation in ecosystem management programs. (3) Case studies in the Czech Republic in conjuntion with the Czech Academy of Science. Work progressed on two studies: (1) the types of appropriate non-linear and linear models to use in development projects in so-called marginal areas, and 2) the concept of landscape field and its applicability to landscape ecology research.

Impacts
The primary impacts have has been in the areas of improving environmental policy and project implementation. Particular impacts include refinement of processes to make them more inclusionary and participatory, and raising the awareness of government agencies and staff as to the social and cultural factors that constrain citizen participation and support.

Publications

Rikoon, J.S. and T. Goedeke. 2000. Challenging Environmentalism: The Failed Effort to Establish the Ozark Highlands Man and the Biosphere Reserve. New York and Cardiff: The Edwin Mellen Press, 2000.
Raedeke, A.H., J.S. Rikoon, and C. Rich. 2000. Organizational Factors Affecting the Strength of Missouri's Soil and Water Conservation Districts. Journal of Soil and Water Conservation 55:4 (2000): 571-583.
Hudeckova, H., M. Lostak, and J.S. Rikoon. 2000. Reflections of 'Late Modernity' in Land Ownership in the Czech Republic, Eastern European Countryside 16 (2000): 93-110.

Progress 01/01/99 to 12/31/99

Outputs
Research continued on four primary fronts: (1) Anti-environmentalism and rural citizen resistance to public environmental programs. Using a failed effort to establish the Ozark Highlands Biosphere Reserve as a case study, we used qualitative research and document analysis methodologies to look at both a failed process and citizen organized resistance. In this case, the National Park Service was largely exclusionary in its process, which increased citizen angst about possible negative repercussions. In addition, property rights and regional identity concerns were important as a core beliefs informing citizen resistance. Future projects in this region will have to be both more inclusionary in their processes (e.g., greater citizen participation beginning with early stages) and take into account salient cultural and social belief systems. A book-length study will be published in 2000 on this case. (2) Continuing study of farmer participation in government conservation programs in Missouri. Publications focused on renter involvement in decision-making on rented land in Missouri and the increasing domination of renters in decision-making scenarios. Landowners (particularly absentee owners) are increasingly unfamiliar with their land and agricultural management practices on it. In addition, research has revealed the importance of political efficacy and trust in farmer decisions as to whether or not to participate in ecosystem management programs. Using the Brush Creek watershed in southwestern Missouri as a case study area, we found that lack of political efficacy is positively correlated with distrust of state agencies implementing public projects and fear of increased regulation as a result of participation. (3) Analysis of the social, economic, and environmental impacts of hog CAFOs on north Missouri rural communities. We have just completed nearly 800 surveys in a four-county semi-controlled research design scenario. The four counties include two with strong corporate CAFO operations, one county with expanding independent hog producers, and one control county (with little change in its hog production). We are now analyzing the results of these surveys (as well as secondary data sources). Reports of this research should be starting in 2000. (4) Continuing study of farmer participation in government conservation programs in the Czech Republic. This work focuses on the inability of the Czech government to develop conservation programs that fits the needs of new private farmers. We detail excesses in the program as well as the need to integrate agricultural and rural policy. A case study on the types of appropriate non-linear models to use in such efforts has been completed for the Sumava Mountain area in south Bohemia.

Impacts
The primary impacts have has been in the areas of improving environmental policy and project implementation. Particular impacts include refinement of public environmental protection efforts to make them more inclusionary and participatory, and raising the awareness of government agencies and staff as to the social and cultural factors that constrain citizen participation and support.

Publications

Rikoon, J.S. and D.H. Constance, 1999. Missouri's Rented Cropland: Who Owns, Operates, and Controls It. Zemedelska Ekonomika 45 (1): 1-17.
Rikoon, J.S., M Seipel, and A. Kleiner. 1999. Large Scale Hog Confinement: Citizen Perceptions and the Community's Health. In Community Building: Weaving the Fabric of Resilient Communities, pp. 76-81. Community Development Society.
Lapka, M., J.S. Rikoon, and E. Cudlinova. 1999. Private Farmers and Contemporary Subsidy Programs in the Czech Republic: Farmer opinions and Program Implications. In T. Napier, ed. Soil and Water Conservation Policies: Successes and Failures, pp. 134-149. Ankeny: Soil and Water Conservation Society of America.

Progress 01/01/98 to 12/31/98

Outputs
Primary 1998 activities: (1) Understanding the social and institutional impacts on environmental protection and restoration, and citizen participation in, or resistance to, government programs. The primary approach has been through case study research with the general public, farmers and critical decision-makers to determine opinions, attitudes, and other factors influencing choices. In 1998, research focused on operators in two fragile watersheds, four counties with large-scale hog confinement operations, and in the Ozarks. (2) Providing resource managers, agencies, and institutions with more complete knowledge of the human dimensions of resource conservation and management. The primary approach has been the use of qualitative and quantitative data assessments of opinions, attitudes, and values. (3) Analysis of the social, economic, and cultural dimensions of farm and environmental policies and programs. In 1998 this research included beginning examination of the social and economic impacts of large confined animal operations and farmer responses to conservation policies and programs affecting agriculture.

Impacts
(N/A)

Publications

Rikoon, J.S. and R. Albee. Wild and Free, Leave Em Be: Wild Horses and the Struggle Over Nature in the Missouri Ozarks. Journal of Folklore Research 35:3 (1998): 203-224.
Lapka, M., J.S. Rikoon, and E. Cudlinova. Private Farmers and Contemporary Subsidy Programs in the Czech Republic: Farmer Opinions and Program Implications. In T. Napier, ed. Soil and Water Conservation Policies: Successes and Failures. Ankeny: Soil and Water Conservation Society of America, 1998, pp. 53-67.
Raedeke, A.H., E.G. Dunn, J.S. Rikoon. C.H. Nilon, and W.B. Kurtz. Human Dimensions of Ecosystem Management: A Case Study of Landowner Decision Making in Brush Creek Watershed. Public Profile 1-98. Policy Coordination Section, Missouri Department of Conservation. 1998.
Goedeke, T. and J.S. Rikoon. The Ozark Highlands Man and the Biosphere Reserve: A Study of a Failed Nomination Effort. Report for the U.S. Man and the Biosphere Program, Department of State. 1998. 137 pages.
Seipel, M., M. Hamed, J.S. Rikoon, and A.M. Kleiner. The Impact of Large-Scale Hog Confinement Facility Sitings on Rural Property Values. In C. Scanes and R. Kanwar, eds., Animal Production Systems and the Environment, pp. 413-428. Ames: Iowa State University, 1998.

Progress 01/01/97 to 12/31/97

Outputs
Primary 1997 activities: (1) Understanding the social and institutional impacts on environmental protection and restoration, and participation in government programs. The primary approach has been through case study research with critical decision-makers to determine opinions, attitudes, and other factors influencing choices. In 1997, research focused on livestock operators in a fragile watershed and public opposition to new environmental initiatives in southern Missouri.(2) Providing resource managers, agencies, and institutions with more complete knowledge of the human dimensions of resource conservation and management. The primary approach has been the use of qualitative and quantitative data assessments of opinions, attitudes, and values. In 1996, research focused on Missouri citizen attitudes towards forest resources and their uses; and (3) Analysis of the social, economic, and cultural dimensions of farm and environmental policies and programs. In 1997 this research included beginning examination of the social and economic impacts of large confined animal operations and farmer responses to conservation policies and programs affecting agriculture.

Impacts
(N/A)

Publications

RIKOON, J.S. and D.H. CONSTANCE. 1997. Pesticide use and water quality: an assessment of claims. Missouri Agricultural Experiment Station Special Report 509.
RAEDEKE, A.E. and J.S. RIKOON. 1997. Temporal and spatial dimensions of knowledge: implications for sustainable Agriculture. Agriculture and Human Values 14:145-158.
ALBEE, R. and J.S. RIKOON. 1997. New farmer network groups and the university: a case study of Missouri's Green Hills Farm project. Missouri Agri. Experiment Station Special Report 504.
RIKOON, J.S. 1997. in press. Maintaining and restoring viable communities: issues and challenges. Missouri Agricultural Experiment
LAPKA, M., J.S. RIKOON, and E. CUDLINOVA. 1997. in press. Private farmers and contemporary subsidy programs in the Czech Republic. In Soil and Water Conservation Policies (T. Napier, ed.)Failures. Ankeny: Soil and Water Con. Soc. of Amer.

Progress 01/01/96 to 12/30/96

Outputs
Primary 1996 activities: (1) Understanding the social and institutional impacts on environmental protection and restoration, and participation in government programs. The primary approach has been through reserach with critical decision-makers (e.g. farmers, landlords, custom applicators) to determine participation and responsibilities in decision-making and factors influencing choices. In 1996 research continued to focus on environmental decision-making on rented cropland. (2) Providing resource managers, agencies, and institutions with more complete knowledge of the human dimensions of resource conservation and management. The primary approach has been the use of qualitative and quantitative data assessments of opinions, attitudes, and values. In 1996 research focused on differences between rural and urban attitudes, the forms of communication used to motivate indivduals to conserve resources, and (3) Analysis of the social, economic, and cultural dimensions of farm and environmental policies and programs. In 1996 this research included examination of new farmer networks in Missouri as well as participation on an interdisciplinary assessment of proposed regulations regarding large confined animal operations.

Impacts
(N/A)

Publications

RIKOON, J.S. and BREIMYER, H.F. 1996. The role of part-owners and nonparticipating landlords in Missouri agriculture. Economic and Public Information Newsletter, 2 pp.
RIKOON, J.S. et al. 1996. The regulation of environmentally sensitive areas: an.
RIKOON, J.S. 1996. Missouri farmer and urban attitudes toward pesticide and water quality: an assessment of competing claims. Missouri Agricultural Experiment Station Special Report.
CONSTANCE, D. H., RIKOON, J.S. and MA, J. 1996. Landlord involvement in environmental decision-making on rented cropland. In Rural Sociology.
RIKOON, J.S. 1996. Imagined culture and cultural imaging: the case of the USDA-SCS harmony' campaign. Society and Natural Resources 9(6): 583-597.
RIKOON, J. S., CONSTANCE, D.H. and GALETTA, S. 1996. Factors affecting farmers' use and rejection of banded pesticide appli- cations. Journal of Soil & Water Conservation 51(4): 322-334.
RAEDEKE, A., RIKOON, J.S. and BRADLEY, K. 1996. Landowner resistance to lease hunting: a sociocultural perspective. Human Dimensions of Fish and Wildlife Management 1(2): 48-69.
ALBEE, R. and RIKOON, J.S. 1996. New farmer network groups and the university: a case study of missouri's green hills farm project. Agricultural Experiment Station Report, 46 pp.

Progress 01/01/95 to 12/30/95

Outputs
Research focused on Midwestern agriculture continued in the area of examination of farmer decision-making concerning the adoption of best management practices and sustainable farming systems (especially integrated pest management). Particular attention was paid to banded application for pesticides and farmers' attitudes towards the need for reduced pesticide use. Survey results from 740 farmers in 16 predominantly agricultural counties have been analyzed and initial publications have appeared.

Impacts
(N/A)

Publications

RIKOON, J.S., D.H. CONSTANCE and S. GALETTA. 1995. Factors affecting farmers' use and rejection of banded pesticide applications. Journal of Soil and Water Conservation, in-press.
CONSTANCE, D.H., J.G. GILLES, J.S. RIKOON and E.H. PERRY. 1995. Missouri farmers and pesticide use: a diversity of viewpoints. In Sustaining Agriculture and Rural Communities, pp. 51-66.
RIKOON, J.S. and K. PERRY. 1995. Hog odor and legal controls. In Policy Issues for Rural Missourians, pp. 9-11. Univeristy of Missouri-Columbia.
CONSTANCE, D.H., J.S. RIKOON and W.D. HEFFERNAN. 1995. Integrated pest management in a Missouri claypan soil. In Center for Water Quality 5th Annual Conference Proceedings, pp. 121-131.
RIKOON, J.S. 1995. Sociological trends for understanding water quality issues. In Research and Education Report: Missouri Management Systems Evaluation Area 1990-1995, pp. 22-26.