Progress 04/01/06 to 03/31/11
Outputs
OUTPUTS: Dr. Kakela's research and publications have brought the economics of the little known iron ore industry into public scrutiny. His work has simply become a vital international voice about this industry. Steel makers, iron ore miners, major suppliers, and the news media often consult him for his objective analysis. He is frequently asked to speak. He has published his results not only in peer reviewed journals, but in trade and business magazines. Dr. Kakela is often interviewed and quoted in a variety of media, recently including the Duluth News Tribune, Business North, Skillings Mining Review, World Steel Dynamics, and others in the past. He was invited to become a contributor to Oxford Analytica in 2010, and has been on the Editorial Advisory Board of the Great Lakes/Seaway Review magazine for the past three years. PARTICIPANTS: Not relevant to this project. TARGET AUDIENCES: Target audiences are iron ore mines themselves and the steel mills they supply raw materials to. Also the commercial suppliers to the mines, the electric power companies, equipment suppliers, etc. PROJECT MODIFICATIONS: Not relevant to this project.
Impacts
In the past three years, Dr. Kakela has been invited and served as an expert witness on four cases, two of which have gone to trial with Dr. Kakela testifying. Because of his research and publication record, Dr. Kakela was asked to serve as an expert witness on a major Canadian iron ore mine royalty underpayment case. His expert report was analyzed, and he was deposed, testified, and cross examined in 2009. The Arbitration Panel formally agreed with his position in 2010 and awarded significant damages. Post testimony activity continues. Dr. Kakela was also asked in 2010 to prepare technical reviews of two natural resource controversies. 1) He researched, reviewed and prepared a report on the abandonment of a major Detroit city park. 2) He also analyzed the pricing system a steel company is paying for its main raw natural, iron ore. Each has become a legal case and is continuing.
Publications
- Kakela, Peter J. 2010. BIG Shake-up: Downturn in iron ore prices was short-lived. Great Lakes/Seaway Review: Vol. 39, No. 1. (July-September 2010): pp. 18-23.
- Loveridge, Scott, Bokemeier, Janet, Kakela, Peter, Satriawan, Elan. 2010. Are All Discount Rates Equal A note on time preferences across public and private benefits in Michigans upper peninsula. Journal of Regional Science. Vol. 50, No. 4. (July-August 2010): pp.858-871.
- Marcus, Peter F., Karlis M. Kirsis, Donald F. Barnett, and Kakela, Peter J. 2010. North American Iron Ore; Consolidated Survival. World Steel Dynamics -- Core Report J. (Englewood Cliffs, NJ, (February 2010): 188 pages.
- Kakela, Peter J. 2010. Iron Ore Industry Looks for Stability. Great Lakes/Seaway Review: Vol. 38, No. 3. (January-March 2010): pp. 19-27.
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Progress 01/01/09 to 12/31/09
Outputs
OUTPUTS: This project focuses on the production of non-renewable resources and their environmental impacts in Michigan and the upper Great Lakes states. Iron ore has become the primarily topic, but oil and gas as well as other minerals found in Michigan have been researched. Published articles and reports on iron ore have documented: (1) energy and labor benefits of iron ore pellets compared to naturally concentrated hematite ore, (2) advantages magnetic ores hold over the nonmagnetic taconite ores, (3) government policies that supported the transition to iron ore pellets in the 1950s and 1960s, (4) geographic advantage held by Michigan ores, and (5) cost competitiveness of each North American iron ore mine. Work continues to document mergers, acquisitions, and the rise of foreign ownership of non-renewable mineral production in the Midwest. Also, identifying the most vulnerable North American mines is continuing. Current research focuses on labor productivity at U.S. iron ore mines; consolidation of North American iron ore mines; Great Lakes ship capacity for iron ore, coal and other bulk commodities; and forecasts of iron ore supply and demand in North America to the year 2010. Research on energy clarified aspects of oil and gas exploration and leasing in Michigan, waste oil collection, the potential for locating a waste oil re-refinery in Michigan, and Michigan's low-head hydroelectric potential. PARTICIPANTS: Dr. Kakela is the principal investigator on this project. He has worked with and published with Scott Loveridge and Janet Bokemeier on a related project that used some of Dr. Kakela's date and research on the iron ore industry of Michigan's Upper Peninsula. Dr. Kakela has also worked with and published with Ms. Lisa Szymecko, who is a graduate student, on current iron ore issues. TARGET AUDIENCES: Dr. Kakela has focused his research on helping people in relevant industries and organizations that could be affected by his findings. Ways of helping have included publishing in scholarly journals and trade publications, making presentations and often invited presentations to trade organizations, serving as an expect witness, and responding to reporters asking for news comments and information. Relevant industries include iron ore mining, shipping, steel making, and the numerous industries that supplies other goods and services to these basic industries. PROJECT MODIFICATIONS: Focus is shifting slightly to the production of a major technical report on the North American iron ore industry. It will provide significant background material on the industry as well as forecast data. Other shorter publications will continue to be published.
Impacts
The iron ore industry is an economic mainstay of Michigan's Upper Peninsula and northern Minnesota's Mesabi Range. It is also the main source of metallic inputs for USA steel making. Despite its key role, very little information is publicly available on the ore producers because they were closely held entities of mining companies and steel makers. Dr. Kakela's research and publications have brought the economics of this industry to public scrutiny. His work has made a vast contribution to maintaining the mines' economic viability in the face of fierce foreign completion. Dr. Kakela has simply become a vital voice about the North American iron ore industry. Steel makers, iron ore miners, major suppliers, and news reporters consult him often for his objective analysis of various competitive pressures on the mines. For example, one steel company executive recently indicated that Dr. Kakela's research had saved his company at least $5 million per year. Dr. Kakela is often asked to speak and publish his results not only in peer reviewed journals, but in trade and business magazines. He was recently invited to become an Editorial Advisory Board member of the Great Lakes/Seaway Review magazine. In 2009, Dr. Kakela again served as an expert witness and was deposed, testified, and was cross examined on an iron ore mine royalty underpayment case for an iron ore mine in Canada.
Publications
- Kakela, P. J. 2009. Earlier Recessions Changed U.S. Iron Ore Industry. Great Lakes-Seaway Review: Vol. 38, No. 1 (July-September 2009): pp. 6-11.
- Kakela, P. J. 2009. Iron Ore. Chapter in Steel Industry Rebound -- Steel Strategist # 35. Englewood Cliffs, NJ; World Steel Dynamics. (September 2009): pp. 345-366.
- Loveridge, S., Bokemeier, J. and Kakela, P.J. 2009 (accepted). Are All Discount Rates Equal Time Preferences Across Public and Private Benefits in the Michigan Upper Peninsula. Journal of Regional Science: accepted, forthcoming in 2010.
- Kakela, P. J. and Szymecko, L. 2009. Iron Ore and the Seaway. Great Lakes-Seaway Review: Vol. 37, No. 3 (January-March 2009): pp. 82-87.
- Kakela, P. J. 2009. Review of: Wabush Mines Royalty Payments. Testimony and Cross Examination of the Kakela Expert Report and Deposition in the KHD et al. v. Wabush Mines Royalty Underpayment case; March 3, 4, and 5, 2009, St. Johns Newfoundland, Canada. Report (June 30, 2008); 29 pages plus 23 attachments, oral deposition (October 21, 2008). Revised report (December 5, 2008).
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Progress 01/01/08 to 12/31/08
Outputs
OUTPUTS: This project focuses on the production of non-renewable resources and their environmental impacts in Michigan and the upper Great Lakes states. Iron ore has become the primary topic, but oil and gas as well as other minerals found in Michigan have been researched. Published articles and reports on iron ore have documented: (1)energy and labor benefits of iron ore pellets compared to naturally concentrated hematite ore,(2)advantages magnetic ores hold over the nonmagnetic taconite ores, (3)government policies that supported the transition to iron ore pellets in the 1950s and 1960s, (4)geographic advantage held by Michigan ores, and (5)cost competitiveness of each North American iron ore mine. Work continues to document mergers, acquisitions, and the rise of foreign ownership of non-renewable mineral production in the Midwest. Also, identifying the most vulnerable North American mines is continuing. Research continues on labor productivity at U.S. iron ore mines; consolidation of North American iron ore mines; Great Lakes ship capacity for iron ore, coal and other bulk commodities; and forecasts of iron ore supply and demand in North America to the year 2010. Research on energy clarified aspects of oil and gas exploration and leasing in Michigan, waste oil collection, the potential for locating a waste oil re-refinery in Michigan, and Michigans low-head hydroelectric potential. PARTICIPANTS: Nothing significant to report during this reporting period. TARGET AUDIENCES: Nothing significant to report during this reporting period. PROJECT MODIFICATIONS: Nothing significant to report during this reporting period.
Impacts
The iron ore industry is an economic mainstay of Michigans Upper Peninsula and northern Minnesotas Mesabi Range. It is also the main source of metallic inputs for USA steel making. Despite its key role, very little information is publicly available on the ore producers because they were closely held entities of mining companies and steel makers. Dr. Kakelas research and publications have brought the economics of this industry to public scrutiny. His work has made a vast contribution to maintaining the mines economic viability in the face of fierce foreign completion. Dr. Kakela has simply become a vital voice about the North American iron ore industry. Steel makers, iron ore miners, major suppliers, and news reporters consult him often for his objective analysis of various competitive pressures on the mines. For example, one steel company executive recently indicated that Dr. Kakelas research had saved his company at least $5 million per year. Dr. Kakela is often asked to speak and publish his results not only in peer reviewed journals, but in trade and business magazines. He was recently invited to become an Editorial Advisory Board member of the Great Lakes/Seaway Review magazine. In 2008, Dr. Kakela served as an expert witness twice, once in a Minnesota jury trial dealing with an iron ore mine clean-up issue and the second time he was deposed on an iron ore mine royalty underpayment case in Canada on-going.
Publications
- KAKELA, P. J. 2008. An Iron Ore Revival: Price, consolidation, increased foreign ownership shake up the iron ore industry. Great Lakes Seaway Review: Vol. 36, No. 3. (January-March 2008): pp. 13-16.
- KAKELA, P. J. 2008. Iron Ore. Chapter in Global Income Shift Paradigm: Propelling Steel Demand -- Steel Strategist 34. Englewood Cliffs, NJ; World Steel Dynamics. (September 2008): pp. 363-381.
- KAKELA, P. J. 2008. New Ventures: Iron ore technology, production changes with the latest industry shift. Great Lakes Seaway Review: Vol. 36, No. 4. (April-June 2008): pp. 28-31.
- KAKELA, P. J., and SZYMECKO, L. 2008. Iron Ore and the St. Lawrence Seaway at 50-years Old; Some History. Under review by the Great Lakes Seaway Review.
- KAKELA, P. J. 2008. Police Officer or Professor The Teaching Professor: Vol. 22, No. 2. (February 2008): p. 4.
- KAKELA, P. J. 2008. Iron Ore in the Current Downturn. Invited presented to the 2nd Annual Iron And Steel Scrap Conference sponsored by the American Metal Market, Scottsdale, AZ. (November 10-12): 12 pp.
- LOVERIDGE, S., BOKEMEIER, J., and KAKELA, P. J. 2008. Comparing Time Preferences for Job Creation and Personal Windfall in Michigans Upper Peninsula. Accepted by Journal of Regional Science, forthcoming.
- KAKELA, P. J. 2008. Market for Iron Ore Products. Expert Report and testimony in the M.M. Silta v. Cleveland-Cliffs Inc., et al. case; Report (March 30, 2007); 17 pages plus attachments and oral testimony (March 7, 2008).
- KAKELA, P. J. 2008. Review of: Wabush Mines Royalty Payments. Expert Report and deposition in the KHD et al. v. Wabush Mines Royalty Underpayment case; Report (June 30, 2008); 29 pages plus attachments and oral deposition (October 21, 2008).
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Progress 01/01/07 to 12/31/07
Outputs
OUTPUTS: Non-Technical Summary: A major problem in Michigan is the lack of awareness about the state's mineral wealth. The general populous is unaware of the substantial magnitude, significant variety, and wide spatial diversity of the mineral heritage in Michigan. The iron ore industry is an economic mainstay of the Upper Peninsula of Michigan and northern Minnesota, and the main source of metallic inputs for steel making. Despite its key role, very little information was available on the producers because they were closely held entities of the steel makers. Research and publications by Dr. Kakela have brought the economics of this industry to public scrutiny. His work has made a vast contribution to maintaining the economic viability of the mines in the face of fierce foreign completion. Dr. Kakela has simply become a vital voice about the North American iron ore industry. Activities include teaching 70 undergraduate college students about energy and mineral use and reserves,
responding to numerous reporter interviews and writing research and popular articles about minerals. Events include delivering an invited conference presentation to the Canadian Institute of Mining, Metallurgy, and Petroleum (May 2, 2007) and a workshop presentation for visiting Indonesian leaders concerned about their countries mineral wealth. Four consulting projects have focused on mineral rights, royalties and pricing policies. These include working with mineral leaders from Brazil, Canada, and the USA. Regarding dissemination, I have tried to reach a wide audience that could be affected by my research results. This has included talking to community groups, the press, and publishing results in non-technical magazines as well as technical journals.
PARTICIPANTS: The major cooperating organization is World Steel Dynamics in Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey. Their research team is one of the strongest if not the strongest in the world on analyzing the steel industry. They are a commercial operation and they have invited me to contribute my research on the iron ore industry in numerous publications. Dr. Kakela's chapter on Iron Ore was in the World Steel Dynamics "Steel Strategist 33" this year (2007). Dr. Kakela has published a number of articles in the international transportation magazine of mid-continent north America called The Great Lakes Seaway Review. This year (2007), Dr. Kakela was invited to become part of the editorial advisory board of the Great Lakes Seaway Review. Dr. Kakela continues to work with both graduate and undergraduate students at Michigan State University on mineral and natural resource issues.
TARGET AUDIENCES: The main target audience is the North American iron ore industry. This includes mines in Michigan, Minnesota, and Eastern Canada. Recently, the major world producers of iron ore, Brazil and Australia, have begun to play more important roles with world exports. China has become a primary importer of Brazil and Australian iron ore. So, the industry's audiences throughout North America, Brazil, Australia and China have increased. In addition to the iron ore producers, key audiences include steel company purchasers, major suppliers of power and transportation, market analysts, and related commodity specialists. Mining communities, especially in Michigan's upper peninsula and northern Minnesota, are important audiences. In these mining towns jobs are contracting despite continued ore production and skyrocketing prices received for this commodity. Dr. Kakela also presents his research findings to undergraduate students at Michigan State University and to other natural
resource specialists through conferences and workshops.
PROJECT MODIFICATIONS: Progress is continuing to go well. There are no significant project modifications to report for this period.
Impacts
Impacts: The primary outcome has been research results about the US iron ore industry in light of the world's industry. The iron ore industry is an economic mainstay of Michigan's Upper Peninsula and northern Minnesota's Mesabi Range. It is also the main source of metallic inputs for USA steel making. Despite its key role, very little information is publicly available on the ore producers because they were closely held entities of mining companies and steel makers. Dr. Kakela's research and publications have brought the economics of this industry to public scrutiny. Dr. Kakela's conference presentation in Canada in May (2007) focused on iron ore pricing policies. Reactions there, stimulated his Great Lakes/Seaway Review article published in summer (2007). These helped to influence expectations of world price negotiations for 2008. Part of this controversy was included in the World Steel Dynamics book chapter. Later, several financial and related industry analysts
subsequently adjusted their price forecasts. Dr. Kakela's consulting projects are leading to expert witness testimony in two legal cases. One is directed at mineral rights and the other focuses on the royalties from mineral production. A potential third expert witness case involves a contractual price settlement. Dr. Kakela was nominated for the Purpose Prise in 2007.
Publications
- Kakela, P.J. 2007. Beyond Iron Ore and One Scholar's Research. Kellogg Fellowship Leadership Conference, June 23, 2007. The W.K. Kellogg Foundation, Estes Park, Colorado: 6pp.
- Kakela, P.J. Iron Ore New Reality: China commands world supplies. Presentation to the Montreal International Iron Ore Symposium as part of the Canadian Institute for Mining, Metallurgy and Petroleum 2007 Conference; Montreal, Quebec, Canada; May 2, 2007: 8pp.
- Kakela, P.J. 2007. Iron Ore, Chapter in Marcus, P. and Kirsis, K., The Steel Age, Steel Strategist 33. Englewood Cliffs, NJ; World Steel Dynamics. (September 2007): pp. 345-362.
- Kakela, P.J. and Szymecko, L.A. (2007) Record Prices, Strong Demand: Factors suggest iron ore prices will remain at current high plateau, Great Lakes/Seaway Review, 36(1); July-September 2007: 6-12.
- Loveridge, S., Bokemeier, J., and Kakela, P. 2007. Jobs Now, Later, or ... Never? An Exploration of Resistance to Economic Change in Communities, Journal of the Community Development Society, accepted June 13, 2007.
- Kakela, P.J. 2007. World Iron Ore Prices; High and Rising. Indonesian Leaders Workshop, December 19, 2007; Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan; 10pp.
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Progress 01/01/06 to 12/31/06
Outputs
This project focuses on the production non-renewable resources and their environmental impacts in Michigan and the upper Great Lakes states. Iron ore has become the primarily topic, but oil and gas as well as other minerals found in Michigan have been researched. Published articles and reports on iron ore have documented (1) energy and labor benefits of iron ore pellets compared to naturally concentrated hematite ore, (2) advantages magnetic ores hold over the nonmagnetic taconite ores, (3) government policies that supported the transition to iron ore pellets in the 1950s and 1960s, (4) geographic advantage held by Michigan ores, and (5) competitiveness of each North American iron ore mine. Work continues to document mergers, acquisitions, and the rise of foreign ownership of non-renewable mineral production in the Midwest. Also, identifying the most vulnerable North American mines is continuing. Research continues on labor productivity at U.S. iron ore mines;
consolidation of North American iron ore mines; Great Lakes ship capacity for iron ore, coal and other bulk commodities; and forecasts of iron ore supply and demand in North America to the year 2007. Research on energy has clarified aspects of oil and gas exploration and leasing in Michigan, waste oil collection, the potential for locating a waste oil re-refinery in Michigan, Michigan's low-head hydroelectric potential, and potential savings with oil and gas deregulation.
Impacts
The iron ore industry is an economic mainstay of Michigan's Upper Peninsula and northern Minnesota's Mesabi Range. It is also the main source of metallic inputs for USA steel making. Despite its key role, very little information is publicly available on the ore producers because they were closely held entities of mining companies and steel makers. Dr. Kakela's research and publications have brought the economics of this industry to public scrutiny. His work has made a vast contribution to maintaining the mines' economic viability in the face of fierce foreign completion. Dr. Kakela has simply become a vital voice about the North American iron ore industry. Steel makers, iron ore miners, major suppliers, and news reporters consult him often for his objective analysis of various competitive pressures on the mines. For example, one steel company executive recently indicated that Dr. Kakela's research had saved his company at least $5 million per year. As a result, Dr.
Kakela is often asked to speak and publish his results not only in peer reviewed journals, but in trade and business magazines. Additionally, he was recently invited to become an Editorial Advisory Board member of the Great Lakes/Seaway Review magazine.
Publications
- Szymecko, L. and Kakela, P. J. 2006. Campus as a Learning Laboratory. Presented at the Conference on University Education in Natural Resources, 6th Biennial Conference. Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan. (March 6, 2006) 8 pp.
- Loveridge, S., Bokemeier, J., and Kakela, P. J. 2006. Jobs Today, Jobs Tomorrow, or Never? Results of a telephone survey in Michigan's Upper Peninsula. Proceedings of the International Regional Science Association, Annual Conference. (2006) 14 pp.
- Kakela, P. J. 2006. Subsurface Resources in Spotlight. Article in Pursuing what is Best for the World: 150 years of teaching, research, and Extension -- stories of the College of Agriculture and Natural Resources at Michigan State University by Kenneth VerBurg and Raymond D. Vlasin. (East Lansing, MI.; Michigan State University Press, 2006) p. 218.
- Kakela, P. J. 2006. Mining Research: Minerals No Longer Ignored. Article in Pursuing what is Best for the World: 150 years of teaching, research, and Extension -- stories of the College of Agriculture and Natural Resources at Michigan State University by Kenneth VerBurg and Raymond D. Vlasin. (East Lansing, MI.; Michigan State University Press, 2006) p. 218.
- Kakela, P. J. 2006. Iron Ore: Before and After: China's influence on demand for ore is profound. Great Lakes Seaway Review: Vol. 35, No. 1. (July-September 2006) pp. 2-5.
- Kakela, P. J. 2006. Iron Ore (and Table #26). Chapter in The Age of Profits -- Steel Strategist # 32. Englewood Cliffs, NJ; World Steel Dynamics. (August 2006) pp. 345-365.
- Kakela, P. J. 2006. U.S. Iron Ore's Changing Reality. Great Lakes Seaway Review: Vol. 35, No. 2. (October-December 2006) pp. 14-19.
- Kakela, P. J. 2006. Mergers and Acquisitions: Iron ore industry faces both horizontal and vertical integration. Great Lakes Seaway Review: Vol. 35, No. 2. (October-December 2006) p. 25.
- Kakela, P. J. 2006. Commodities Gone Wild: China strips world supplies. Presented to the Association of American Geographers -- East Lakes Division. The University of Toledo, Toledo, Ohio. (October 21, 2006) 9 pp.
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Progress 01/01/05 to 12/31/05
Outputs
This project focuses on non-renewable resources, especially iron ore in Michigan and the upper Great Lakes states, as well as fuels and other minerals in Michigan. Published research on iron ore has documented (1) energy and labor benefits of iron ore pellets compared to naturally concentrated hematite ore, (2) advantages magnetic ores hold over the nonmagnetic taconite ores, (3) government policies that supported the transition to iron ore pellets in the 1950s and 1960s, (4) geographic advantage held by Michigan ores, and (5) cost and total competitiveness of each North American iron ore mine. Work continues on identifying the most vulnerable North American mines. Several individual mining plans have been reviewed and the closing of the LTV Mine in 2001 was analyzed. Research continues on labor productivity at U.S. iron ore mines; consolidation of North American iron ore mines; Great Lakes ship capacity for iron ore, coal and other bulk commodities; and forecasts of
iron ore supply and demand in North America to the year 2007. Research on energy has clarified aspects of oil and gas exploration and leasing in Michigan, waste oil collection, the potential for locating a waste oil re-refinery in Michigan, Michigan's low-head hydroelectric potential, and potential savings with oil and gas deregulation.
Impacts
The iron ore mining industry is an economic mainstay of the Michigan Upper Peninsula, as well as northern Minnesota. Iron ore is the main source of virgin metallic inputs for steel making. Despite its key role, very little information has been made available to the public on the ore producers because they were closely held entities of the steel makers. Research and publications by Dr. Kakela have brought the economics of this industry into public scrutiny. His work has made a vast contribution to maintaining the economic viability of the mine in the face of fierce foreign completion. Dr. Kakela has simply become a vital voice about the North American iron ore industry. Steel makers, iron ore miners, major suppliers, and news reporters consult him often for his objective analysis of various competitive pressures on the mines. For example, one steel company executive recently indicated that research by Dr. Kakela had saved his company at least $5 million per year. As a
result, Dr. Kakela is asked to speak about his research and publish often.
Publications
- Marcus, Peter F.; Karlis M. Kirsis; Donald F. Barnett; and Peter J. Kakela. 2005 The Outlook for USA Pellet Demand. World Steel Dynamics. (Englewood Cliffs, NJ., November 23) 58 pages.
- Kakela, Peter J. 2005. Iron Ore (with Table #26). Chapter in The Age of Discontinuity: The Portal to the New Continuum -- Steel Strategist #31. Englewood Cliffs, NJ; World Steel Dynamics. (August): pp. 325-345.
- Kakela, Peter J. 2005. Chinas Impact on North American Iron Mines. Skillings Mining Review: Vol. 94, No.7. (July): pp. 5-8.
- Kakela, Peter J. and James Wheeler. 2005. Iron Ore Rebound has Global Roots that Stretch to China. Great Lakes Seaway Review: Vol. 34, No. 1. (July-September): pp. 5-8.
- Kakela, Peter J. 2005. Chinas Impact on North American Iron Ore Mines. Invited paper presented to the Metal Bulletin International Conference on China Iron Ore 2005, Beijing, China. (April 10-12): 11 pages.
- Kakela, Peter J. 2005. Iron Ores Rebound is bit of Global Polish on par of Rust Belt. Skillings Mining Review: Vol. 94, No. 3. (March): pp. 6-7.
- Kakela, Peter J. and James Wheeler. 2005. North American Iron Ore; Rebound is Global Polish on part of Rust Belt. Invited paper presented to the Lake Carriers Association & the Canadian Shipowners Associations 68th Annual International Joint Conference, Wesley Chapel, Florida. (February 22): 8 pages.
- Kakela, Peter J. 2005. Minerals: The Overlooked Resource in Michigan (submitted).
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Progress 01/01/04 to 12/31/04
Outputs
This project focuses on the non-renewable resources of iron ore in Michigan and the upper Great Lakes states, as well as fuels and other minerals in Michigan. Published research on iron ore has documented (1) energy and labor benefits of iron ore pellets compared to naturally concentrated hematite ore, (2) advantages magnetic ores hold over the nonmagnetic taconite ores, (3) government policies that supported the transition to iron ore pellets in the 1950s and 1960s, (4) geographic advantage held by Michigan ores, and (5) competitiveness of each North American iron ore mine. Work continues on identifying the most vulnerable North American mines. Several individual mining plans have been reviewed and the closing of the LTV Mine in 2001 was analyzed. Research continues on labor productivity at U.S. iron ore mines; consolidation of North American iron ore mines; Great Lakes ship capacity for iron ore, coal and other bulk commodities; and forecasts of iron ore supply and
demand in North America to the year 2007. Research on energy has clarified aspects of oil and gas exploration and leasing in Michigan, waste oil collection, the potential for locating a waste oil re-refinery in Michigan, Michigan's low-head hydroelectric potential, and potential savings with oil and gas deregulation.
Impacts
The iron ore industry is an economic mainstay of the Upper Peninsula of Michigan and northern Minnesota, and the main source of metallic inputs for steel making. Despite its key role, very little information was available on the ore producers because they were closely held entities of the steel makers. Research and publications by Dr. Kakela have brought the economics of this industry to public scrutiny. His work has made a vast contribution to maintaining the economic viability of the mines in the face of fierce foreign completion. Dr. Kakela has simply become a vital voice about the North American iron ore industry. Steel makers, iron ore miners, major suppliers, and news reporters consult him often for his objective analysis of various competitive pressures on the mines. For example, one steel company executive recently indicated that research by Dr. Kakela had saved his company at least $5 million per year. As a result, Dr. Kakela is asked to speak and publish
often.
Publications
- KAKELA, P. J. 2004. Iron Ore Surges in the World Market, But Contracts in U.S. Minerals & Energy Vol. 19, No. 2. Stockholm, Sweden. (March 2004): pp. 9-15.
- KAKELA, P. J. 2004. Boom Times for Iron Ore. Great Lakes Seaway Review: Vol. 33, No. 1. (July-September 2004): pp. 6-9.
- KAKELA, P. J. 2004. Iron Ore (and Table #26). Chapter in The New Age; China, Globalization, Consolidation and Metallics-- Steel Strategist # 30. Englewood Cliffs, NJ; World Steel Dynamics. (August 2004): pp. 311-331.
- KAKELA, P. J. 2004. SMR 2004 Special Report: US/Canadian Iron Ore Production. Skillings Mining Review: Vol. 93, No .7. (July 2004): pp. 6-7
- MARCUS, P. F.; KIRSIS, K.M.; and KAKELA, P. J. 2004. North American Iron Ore: Cleveland-Cliffs Booming, No Longer Vulnerable. World Steel Dynamics--Core Report LLLL.. (October 2004): 128 pages.
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Progress 01/01/03 to 12/31/03
Outputs
This project focuses on the non-renewable resources of iron ore in Michigan and the upper Great Lakes states, as well as fuels and other minerals in Michigan. Published research on iron ore has documented (1) energy and labor benefits of iron ore pellets compared to naturally concentrated hematite ore, (2) advantages magnetic ores hold over the nonmagnetic taconite ores, (3) government policies that supported the transition to iron ore pellets in the 1950s and 1960s, (4) geographic advantage held by Michigan ores, and (5) competitiveness of each North American iron ore mine. Work continues on identifying the most vulnerable North American mines. Several individual mining plans have been reviewed and the closing of the LTV Mine in 2001 was analyzed. Research continues on labor productivity at U.S. iron ore mines; consolidation of North American iron ore mines; Great Lakes ship capacity for iron ore, coal and other bulk commodities; and forecasts of iron ore supply and
demand in North America to the year 2005. Research on energy has clarified aspects of oil and gas exploration and leasing in Michigan, waste oil collection, the potential for locating a waste oil re-refinery in Michigan, Michigan's low-head hydroelectric potential, and potential savings with oil and gas deregulation.
Impacts
The iron ore industry is an economic mainstay of Michigan's Upper Peninsula and northern Minnesota, and the main source of metallic inputs for steel making. Despite its key role, very little information was available on the ore producers because in the main they were closely held entities of the steel makers. Dr. Kakela's research and publications have brought the economics of this industry to public scrutiny. His work has made a vast contribution to maintaining the economic viability in the face of fierce foreign completion. Dr. Kakela has simply become a vital voice about the North American iron ore industry. Steel makers, iron ore miners, major suppliers, and news reporters consult him often for his objective analysis of various competitive pressures on the mines. For example, one steel company executive recently indicated that Dr. Kakela's research had saved his company at least $5 million per year. As a result, Dr. Kakela is asked to speak and publish often.
Publications
- KAKELA, P. J. 2004. 'Iron Ore Surges in the World Market, But Contracts in U.S.' Minerals & Energy - Raw Materials Report. (Stockholm, Sweden): accepted for January 2004.
- KAKELA, P. J., et. al. 2003. 'Michigan's Natural Resource Endowment: Final Report.' Status and Potential of Michigan Natural Resources; Special Report 117 (Michigan Agriculture Experiment Station, East Lansing, MI.): November 2003. 16 pages.
- KAKELA, P. J. 2003. 'An Industry in Transformation; Shrinking U.S. iron ore shipments may be compensated for by scrap-based minimills.' Great Lakes Seaway Review: Vol. 32, No. 1. July-September 2003. Pages 12-15.
- KAKELA, P. J. 2003. 'Iron Ore: Table #26.' Chapter in China the Threat? Steel Strategist # 29. Englewood Cliffs, NJ; World Steel Dynamics. July 2003. Pages 279-296.
- KAKELA, P. J. 2003. 'Iron Ore in 2003.' Skillings Mining Review: Vol. 92, No .7. July 2003. Pages 17-18.
- KAKELA, P. J. 2003. 'Iron Ore: The China Factor.' Engineering and Mining Journal. Vol. 204, No. 3. March 2003. Pages 27-28.
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Progress 01/01/02 to 12/31/02
Outputs
This project focuses on the non-renewable resources of iron ore in Michigan and the upper Great Lakes states, as well as fuels and other minerals in Michigan. Published research on iron ore has documented 1. energy and labor benefits of iron ore pellets compared to naturally concentrated hematite ore, 2. advantages magnetic ores hold over the nonmagnetic taconite ores, 3. government policies that supported the transition to iron ore pellets in the 1950s and 1960s, 4. geographic advantage held by Michigan ores, and 5. competitiveness of each North American iron ore mine. Work continues on identifying the most vulnerable North American mines. Several individual mining plans have been reviewed and the closing of the LTV Mine in 2001 was analyzed. Research continues on labor productivity at U.S. iron ore mines; consolidation of North American iron ore mines; Great Lakes ship capacity for iron ore, coal and other bulk commodities; and forecasts of iron ore supply and
demand in North America to the year 2005. Research on energy has clarified aspects of oil and gas exploration and leasing in Michigan, waste oil collection, the potential for locating a waste oil re-refinery in Michigan, Michigan's low-head hydroelectric potential, and potential savings with oil and gas deregulation.
Impacts
The iron ore industry is an economic mainstay of Michigan's Upper Peninsula and northern Minnesota, and the main source of metallic inputs for steel making. Despite its key role, very little information was available on the ore producers because in the main they were closely held entities of the steel makers. Dr. Kakela's research and publications have brought the economics of this industry to public scrutiny. His work has made a vast contribution to maintaining the economic viability in the face of fierce foreign completion. Dr. Kakela has simply become a vital voice about the North American iron ore industry. Steel makers, iron ore miners, major suppliers, and news reporters consult him often for his objective analysis of various competitive pressures on the mines. For example, one steel company executive recently indicated that Dr. Kakela's research had saved his company at least $5 million per year. As a result, Dr. Kakela is asked to speak and publish often.
Publications
- Kakela, P.J. 2002. North American Iron Ore Industry. Panel chairperson and presenter, 12th Biannual International Iron Ore Symposium-Barcelona, Spain. Sponsored by Metals Bulletin, London, England. April 16, 2002. 6 pages.
- Robinson, C.F., and Kakela, P.J. 2002. Fostering Creativity in the Environmental Classroom: Seeking Creative Solutions through Active Participation. Proceedings of the Fourth Biennial Conference on University Education in Natural Resources, Raleigh, NC; North Carolina State University. March 14, 2002. Pages 13-15.
- Kakela, P.J., Haas, H.J., and Draskovich, Dena. 2002. The Minnesota Taconite Production Tax: An Alternative Index. Journal of Natural Resources & Environmental Law, University of Kentucky College of Law's Mineral Law Center, vol. 16, No. 1. May 2002. Pages 43-58.
- Kakela, P.J. 2002. Dramatic Times for North American Iron Ore. Skillings Mining Review: vol. 91, No. 14. July 20, 2002. Pages 17-18.
- Kakela, P.J. 2002. Iron Ore. Chapter in Stress and Crisis Create Opportunities and Reward: Steel Strategist #28, Englewood Cliffs, NJ.; World Steel Dynamics. July 2002. Pages 291-305.
- Kakela, P.J. 2002. Domestic Iron Ore Hears New Call for Cost Cutting. Engineering and Mining Journal: vol. 203, No. 9. September 2002. Pages 20-24.
- Potter-Witter, K, Riley, S.J., Kidd, R. and Kakela, P.J. 2002. Natural Resource Industry Vitality. Briefing paper to Governor-elect Granholm as part of the Michigan's Opportunities and Challenges: MSU Faculty Perspectives. November 2002. 4 pages.
- Kakela, P.J. 2002. Cost Comparison for North American Iron Ore Mines: Part 1. Skillings Mining Review: vol. 91, No. 20. November 2, 2002. Pages 12-14.
- Kakela, P.J. 2002. Cost Comparison for North American Iron Ore Mines: Part 2. Skillings Mining Review: vol. 91, No. 21. December 2002. Page 5.
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Progress 01/01/01 to 12/31/01
Outputs
This project focuses on the iron ore industry in Michigan and the upper Great Lakes states, as well as the production of fuels and other minerals in Michigan. Published research on iron ore has documented: 1 energy and labor benefits of iron ore pellets compared to naturally concentrated hematite ore; 2 advantages magnetic ores hold over the nonmagnetic taconite ores; 3 government policies that supported the transition to iron ore pellets in the 1950s and 1960s; 4 geographic advantage held by Michigan ores, and 5 competitiveness of each North American iron ore mine. Work continues on identifying the most vulnerable North American mines. Several individual mining plans have been and the closing of the LTV Mine in 2001 was anal sized. Research continues on labor productivity at U.S. iron ore mines, early mine safety problems; Great Lakes ship capacity for iron ore, coal and other bulk commodities; and forecasts of iron ore supply and demand in North America through the
year 2005. Research on energy has clarified aspects of oil and gas exploration and leasing in Michigan, waste oil collection, the potential for locating a waste oil re-refinery in Michigan, Michigan's low-head hydroelectric potential, and potential savings with oil and gas deregulation.
Impacts
The iron ore industry is an economic mainstay of Michigan's Upper Peninsula and northern Minnesota, and the main source of metallic inputs for steel producers. Despite its key role, very little information was available on the ore producers because in the main they were closely held entities of the steel makers. Dr. Kakela's research and publications have brought the economics of this industry to public scrutiny. His work has made a vast contribution to maintaining the economic viability in the face of fierce foreign completion. Dr. Kakela has simply become a vital voice about the North American iron ore industry. Steel makers, iron ore miners, major suppliers, and news reporters consult him often for his objective analysis of various competitive pressures on the mines. For example, one steel company executive reports that Dr. Kakela's research has saved his company at least $5 million per year. Dr. Kakela is asked to speak and publish often.
Publications
- Kakela, P.J. 2001. Letter to the Editor, regarding the LTV Mine Closure. Skillings Mining Review. January 13, 2001. Page 3.
- Kakela, P.J. 2001. National Security and US Imports of Semi-finished Steel: Part 2; US Iron Ore as a Building Block in the American Economy. Skillings Mining Review: vol. 90 No.44. November 3, 2001. 4-5 pp.
- Kakela, P.J., Haas, H.J., and Draskovich, Dena. 2001. The Minn.Taconite Production Tax: An Alternative Index. Journal of Nat. Res. and Envir. Law. Univ. of KY College of Law's Mineral Law Ctr. expected Dec. 2001
- Kakela, P.J. 2001. National Security and US Imports of Semi-finished Steel: Part 1; Federal Policies that Insured a Domestic Iron Ore Supply. Skillings Mining Review: vol. 90, No 43 Oct. 27, 2001 4-7pp.
- Kakela, P.J. and Kaplowitz, M.D. 2001. U.S. Iron Ore: Its Role in Global Mining Mergers. Engineering and Mining Journal. September 2001. Pages 44-53.
- Ferris, J.N., Kakela, P.J. and Haas, H.J. 2001. Agricultural Production in Michigan. SAPMINR Special Report 115, Michigan Agriculture Experiment Station, East Lansing, MI. September 2001. 20 pages
- Kakela, P.J. 2001. Metal Mining Effluent Regulations (in Canada). Chapter #10 in Canada Gazette, Part 1 Notice, Proposed Metal Mining Effluents Regulations. Minerals and Metals Division, Env. Canada. Ottawa, Ontario, Canada. July 28, 2001. Chapter # 10; 21 pages.
- Kakela, P.J. 2001. Iron Ore. Chapter in Challenges Unparalleled; Opportunties Unmatched: Steel Strategist #27. World Steel Dynamics. Englewood Cliffs, NJ. July 2001. Pages 237-255.
- Kakela, P.J. 2001. Distressed Iron Ore Industry Ripe for Innovation. Skillings Mining Review: Vol. 90, No. 15. April 28, 2001. Page 4-6.
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Progress 01/01/00 to 12/31/00
Outputs
This project focuses on the iron ore industry in Michigan and the upper Great Lakes states, as well as the production of fuels and other minerals in Michigan. Published research on iron ore has documented (1) energy and labor benefits of iron ore pellets compared to naturally concentrated hematite ore, (2) advantages magnetic ores hold over the nonmagnetic taconite ores, (3) government policies that supported expansion of the iron pellet industry in the 1950s and 1960s, (4) geographic advantage held by Michigan ores, and (5) competitiveness of each North American iron ore mine. Work continues on identifying the most vulnerable mines. Individual mining plans have been evaluated for Tilden Mine in Ishpeming, Michigan, Reserve Mine in Federal Bankruptcy Court when sold to Cyprus Minerals and then to Cleveland-Cliffs, and the closing of the LTV Mine in 2000-01. Research continues on labor productivity at U.S. iron ore mines, early mine safety problems, Great Lakes ship
capacity for bulk commodities, and forecasts of iron ore supply and demand in North America through the year 2005. Research on energy has clarified aspects of oil and gas exploration and leasing in Michigan, waste oil collection, the potential for locating a waste oil re-refinery in Michigan, Michigan's low-head hydroelectric potential, and potential savings with oil and gas deregulation.
Impacts
Dr. Kakela has become a vital voice about the North American iron ore industry. Steel makers, iron ore miners, major suppliers, and news reporters consult him often for his objective analysis of various competitive pressures on the mines. He is asked to speak and publish often.
Publications
- Kakela, P.J. 2000. Iron Ore. Chapter in Opportunities and Risks in the New Millennium: Steel Strategist #26. World Steel Dynamics. Englewood Cliffs, NJ. July 2000. Pages 217-229.
- Kakela, P.J. and Haas, H.J. 2000. Michigan's Mineral Wealth. SAPMINR Special Report 111, Michigan Agriculture Experiment Station, East Lansing, MI. March 2000. 12 pages.
- Fridgen, C., Kakela, P.J. and Haas, H.J. 2000. Waste; A Hidden Resource. SAPMINR Special Report 112, Michigan Agriculture Experiment Station, East Lansing, MI. March 2000. 15 pages.
- Potter-Witter, K., Koelling, M., Kakela, P.J. and Haas, H.J. 2000. Michigan's Forest Product Industry. SAPMINR Special Report 114, Michigan Agriculture Experiment Station, East Lansing, MI. July 2000. 11 pages.
- Winterstein, S., Darling, D., Kakela, P.J. and Haas, H.J. 2000. Hunting, Fishing and Wildlife Watching Expenditures in Michigan. SAPMINR Special Report 113, Michigan Agriculture Experiment Station, East Lansing, MI. October 2000. 8 pages.
- Holecek, D., Kakela, P.J. and Haas, H.J. 2000. Michigan's Tourist Industry. SAPMINR Special Report 116, Michigan Agriculture Experiment Station, East Lansing, MI. October 2000. 8 pages.
- Kakela, P.J. 2000. LTV Mine Closing: What Does it Mean? Skillings Mining Review. November 18, 2000. Pages 4-8.
- Kakela, P.J. 2000. Base-Load Iron Ore Needs Capital and Innovations to Elevate. Skillings Mining Review. December 2, 2000. Pages 4-7.
- Marcus, P.F., Kirsis, K.M. and Kakela, P.J. 2000. North American Iron Ore Industry: Globalization and Competitive Response--QQQ. World Steel Dynamics, Englewood Cliffs, NJ. December 2000. 403 pages.
- Kirsis, K.M. and Kakela, P.J. 2000. The North American Iron Ore Industry at 2000; Executive Summary. Chapter #1 in North American Iron Ore Industry: Globalization and Competitive Response--QQQ. World Steel Dynamics, Englewood Cliffs, NJ. December 2000. Pages 1-1 to 1-53.
- Kakela, P.J. 2000. Supply/Demand Analysis for North American Iron Ore. Chapter #3 in North American Iron Ore Industry: Globalization and Competitive Response--QQQ. World Steel Dynamics, Englewood Cliffs, NJ. December 2000. Pages 3-1 to 3-58.
- Kakela, P.J. 2000. Iron Ore Pricing. Chapter #4 in North American Iron Ore Industry: Globalization and Competitive Response--QQQ. World Steel Dynamics, Englewood Cliffs, NJ. December 2000. Pages 4-1 to 4-40.
- Kakela, P.J. 2000. Commercial Shipping on the Great Lakes. Chapter #5 in North American Iron Ore Industry: Globalization and Competitive Response--QQQ. World Steel Dynamics, Englewood Cliffs, NJ. December 2000. Pages 5-1 to 5-62.
- Kakela, P.J. 2000. Iron Ore Mine Cost Comparison. Chapter #6 in North American Iron Ore Industry: Globalization and Competitive Response--QQQ. World Steel Dynamics, Englewood Cliffs, NJ. December 2000. Pages 6-1 to 6-108.
- Kakela, P.J. 2000. Iron Ore Mine Labor. Chapter #7 in North American Iron Ore Industry: Globalization and Competitive Response--QQQ. World Steel Dynamics, Englewood Cliffs, NJ. December 2000. Pages 7-1 to 7-46.
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Progress 01/01/99 to 12/31/99
Outputs
This project focuses on the iron ore industry in Michigan and the upper Great Lakes states, as well as the production of fuels and other minerals in Michigan. Published research on iron ore has documented (1) the energy and labor benefits of iron ore pellets compared to naturally concentrated hematite ore, (2) the advantage magnetic ores hold over the nonmagnetic taconite ores, (3) the role of certain government policies that supported expansion of the iron pellet industry in the 1950s and 1960s, (4) the locational advantage held by Michigan ores, and (5) the emergence since 1982 of the U.S. spot iron ore market. Work continues on identifying the strongest mines versus the most vulnerable ones. Individual mining plans have been evaluated, including the Tilden Mine in Ishpeming, Michigan, and its conversion from hematite to magnetite ore, and the sale of Reserve Mine in Federal Bankruptcy Court to Cyprus Minerals in 1989. The re-sale of Reserve/Cyprus to Cleveland
Cliffs Inc. in 1994 was also analyzed. Analysis of labor productivity at U.S. iron ore mines continues as well as research on early mine safety problems and the forecast for iron ore supply and demand in North America through the year 2000. Recently, an analysis of Great Lakes ship capacity for moving bulk commodities was begun. Research on energy has clarifed aspects of oil and gas exploration and leasing in Michigan, waste oil collection, the potential for locating a waste oil re-refinery in Michigan, Michigan's low-head hydroelectric potential, and potential savings with oil and gas deregulation.
Impacts
Research on energy has clarified aspects of oil and gas exploration and leasing in Michigan, waste oil collection, the potentital for locating a waste oil re-refinery in Michigan, Michigan's low-head hydroelectric potential, and potential savings with oil and gas deregulation.
Publications
- Kakela, P.J. 1999. The Minnesota Taconite Production Tax: An Alternative Index. Engineering and Mining Journal. March 1999. Pages 16F-16H.
- Kakela, P.J. 1999. Iron Ore. Chapter in Stell Strategist #25. New York: PaineWebber's World Steel Dynamics, forthcoming. July 1999. Papes 220-231.
- Haas, H. and Kakela, P.J. 1999. Review of Copper in America. Michigan History Magazine, March/April, 1999, pg. 54.
- Fridgen, C., Haas, H., Kakela, P.J. 1999. Estimating the Value of a State's Waste Stream. Environmental Practice, 4:1, pgs. 247-254.
- Kakela, P.J. 1999. Cost Competitiveness of the North American Iron Ore Mines: with 1998-Actual Update. Copyrighted by Peter Kakela (December 20, 1999). 59 pages.
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Progress 01/01/98 to 12/31/98
Outputs
This project focuses on the iron ore industry in Michigan and the upper Great Lakes states, as well as the production of fuels and other minerals in Michigan. Published research on iron ore has documented (1) the energy and labor benefits of iron ore pellets compared to naturally concentrated hematite ore, (2) the advantage magnetic ores hold over the nonmagnetic taconite ores, (3) the role of certain government policies that supported expansion of the iron pellet industry in the 1950s and 1960s, (4) the locational advantage held by Michigan ores, and (5) the emergence since 1982 of the U.S. spot iron ore market. Work continues on identifying the strongest mines versus the most vulnerable ones. Individual mining plans have been evaluated, including the Tilden Mine in Ishpeming, Michigan, and its conversion from hematite to magnetite ore, and the sale of Reserve Mine in Federal Bankruptcy Court to Cyprus Minerals in 1989. The re-sale of Reserve/Cyprus to Cleveland
Cliffs Inc. in 1994 was also analyzed. Analysis of labor productivity at U.S. iron ore mines continues as well as research on early mine safety problems and the forecast for iron ore supply and demand in North America through the year 2000. Recently, an analysis of Great Lakes ship capacity for moving bulk commodities was begun. Research on energy has clarified aspects of oil and gas exploration and leasing in Michigan, waste oil collection, the potential for locating a waste oil re-refinery in Michigan, Michigan's low-head hydroelectric potential, and potential savings with oil and gas deregulation.
Impacts
(N/A)
Publications
- Kakela,P.J. 1998. Cost Competitiveness of the North American Iron Ore Mines, with 1997-Actual update. Copyrighted by Peter Kakela, East Lansing, Michigan. 42pp.
- Kakela, P.J. 1998. Iron Ore. Chapter in Steel Strategist #24 by Peter Marcus, Karlis Kirsis, and Donald Barnett. New York: PaineWebber's World Steel Dynamics, June 1999. Pages 206-217.
- Scrimger, M. 1998. Groundwater Protection Strategies: An Overview of Local Implementations of Michigan's Wellhead Protection Program. Masters Thesis, Department of Resource Development, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan.
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Progress 01/01/97 to 12/31/97
Outputs
This project focuses on the iron ore industry in Michigan and the upper Great Lakes states, as well as the production of fuels and other minerals in Michigan. Published research on iron ore has documented (1) the energy and labor benefits of iron ore pellets compared to naturally concentrated hematite ore, (2) the advantage magnetic ores hold over the nonmagnetic taconite ores, (3) the role of certain government policies that supported expansion of the iron pellet industry in the 1950s and 1960s, (4) the locational advantage held by Michigan ores, and (5) the emergence since 1982 of the U.S. spot iron ore market. Work continues on identifying the strongest mines versus the most vulnerable ones. Individual mining plans have been evaluated, including the Tilden Mine in Ishpeming, Michigan, and its conversion from hematite to magnetite ore, and the sale of Reserve Mine in Federal Bankruptcy Court to Cyprus Minerals in 1989. The re-sale of Reserve/Cyprus to Cleveland
Cliffs Inc. in 1994 was also analyzed. Analysis of labor productivity at U.S. iron ore mines continues as well as research on early mine safety problems and the forecast for iron ore supply and demand in North America through the year 2000. Recently, an analysis of Great Lakes ship capacity for moving bulk commodities was begun. Research on energy has clarified aspects of oil and gas exploration and leasing in Michigan, waste oil collection, the potential for locating a waste oil re-refinery in Michigan, Michigan's low-head hydroelectric potential, and potential savings with oil and gas deregulation.
Impacts
(N/A)
Publications
- KAKELA, P.J. 1997. Expectations for Minnesota's Iron Ore Industry. Minnesota's 1997 Governor's Task Force on Mining and Minerals Report. Minnesota's Iron Range Resources and Rehabilitation Board; Eveleth, Minnesota. September 19, 1997. 30 pp.
- DAUBENMIRE, J., KAKELA, P.J. 1997. Great Lakes Shipping and Clean Air: Interactions. Impact Assessment, Vol. 15, No. 3. International Association for Impact Assessment, September 1997). Pages 273-294 .
- KAKELA, P.J. 1997. Iron Ore. Chapter in Steel Strategist #23. New York: PaineWebber's World Steel Dynamics, forthcoming -- June 1997. Pages 196-207.
- KAKELA, P.J. 1997. Iron Ore FAX. Quarterly Research Report authored and published by Peter Kakela. East Lansing, Michigan. Volume 2, Number 2, published May 20, 1997. 5 pages.
- MARCUS, P. F., KIRSIS. K.M., Kakela, P.J. 1997. North American Iron Ore: Strong Demand Doesn't Provoke Capacity Increase. Monitor Report. New York: PaineWebber's World Steel Dynamics research publications, January 1997. 15 pp.
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Progress 01/01/96 to 12/30/96
Outputs
This project focuses on the iron ore industry in MI and the upper Great Lakes states, as well as production of fuels and other minerals in MI.Published res. on iron ore has documented (1)the energy and labor benefits of iron ore pellets compared to naturally concentrated hematite ore, (2)the advantage magnetic ores hold over the nonmagnetic taconite ores, (3)the role of certain government policies that supported expansion of the iron pellet industry in the 1950s and 1960s, (4)the locational advantage held by MI ores, and (5)the emergence since 1982 of the U.S. spot iron ore market. Work continues on identifying the strongest mines versus the most vulnerable ones. Individual mining plant have been evaluated, including the Tilden Mine in Ishpeming,MI, and its conversion from hematite to magnetite ore, and the sale of Reserve Mine in Federal Bankruptcy Court to Cyprus Minerals in 1989. The re-sale of Reserve/Cyprus to Cleveland Cliffs Inc. in 1994 was also analyzed.
Analysis of labor productivity at U.S. iron ore mines continues as well as res. on earlymine safety problems and the forecast for iron ore supply and demand in North America through the year 2000. Recently, an analysis of Great Lakes ship capacity for moving bulk commodities was begun. Res. on energy has clarified aspects of oil and gas exploration and leasing in MI. MI's low-head hydroelectric potential, and potential savings with oil/gas deregulation. One graduate student completed res. for her M.S. in 1996, Ms. Traci Roberts,RD-MS.
Impacts
(N/A)
Publications
- MARCUS, P.F., KIRSIS, K. M., KAKELA, P.J. 1996. North American Iron Ore Industry:Opportunities & Threats; Core Report YY. New York. PaineWebber's World Steel Dynamics research publications. January. 440 pp.
- KAKELA, P.J. 1996. Quarterly Newsletter authored and published by Peter Kakela. E.
- L., MI. Vol. 2, No. 1, published September 13, 1996, Vol. 1, No. 3, published March 1, 1996. 4 page each issue.
- KAKELA, P.J. 1995. Quarterly Newsletter authored and published by Peter Kakela. E.
- L., MI. Vol. 1, No. 2, published October 16, 1996; Vol. 1, No. 1, published July 1, 1995. 4 pages each issue.
- KAKELA, P.J. 1996. North American Iron Ore Supply and Demand: Is There a Pellet Shortage Paper presented to Gorham/Intertech "Iron Ore Conf." Charlotte, N.C. November 18-20.
- ROBERTS, TRACI A. 1996. Impacts of Economic Development on Quality of Life in Natural Resource Dependent Regions: The Case of Minnesota's Iron Range. M.S. Thesis, submitted to Dept. of Resource Development/MSU. 70pp.
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Progress 01/01/95 to 12/30/95
Outputs
Work on this proj. has focused on the iron ore industry in MI & the upper Great Lakes states & the production of fuels & other minerals in MI. Published res. on iron ore has documented (1) the energy & labor benefits of iron ore pellets compared to naturally concent. hematite ore, (2) the advantage magnetic ores hold over the nonmagnetic taconite ores, (3) the role of certain govt policies that supported expansion of the iron pellet industry in the 1950s/1960s, (4) the locational advantage held by MI ores, (5) the emergence since 1982 of the U.S. spot iron ore market. Work continues on identifying the strongest mines vs the most vulnerable ones. Indiv. mining plans have been eval. including the Tilden Mine in Ishpeming, MI, & its conversion from hematite to magnetite ore & the sale of Reserve Mine in Federal Bankruptcy Court to Cyprus Minerals in 1989. Anal. of labor productivity at U.S. iron ore mines continues as well as res. on early mine safety problems & the
forecast for iron ore supp. & demand in N. America through year 2000. Recently an analysis of Great Lakes ship capacity for moving bulk commodities was begun. Res. on energy has clarified aspects of oil and gas explor. & leasing in MI, waste oil collection, the potential for locating a waste oil re-refinery in MI, MI's low-head hydroelectric potential & potential savings with oil & gas dereg. Two grad. students completed res. for their M.S. degrees in 1994, Greg Berra,RD-MS and Scott McCreery, RD-MS.
Impacts
(N/A)
Publications
- MARCUS, P.F., KIRSIS, K.M., and KAKELA, P.J. 1994. Cleveland Cliffs to Acquire Cyprus Northshore: A Maverick Captured! NY. PaineWebber's World Steel Dynamics res. pub. Aug. 4, 1994. 22 pp.
- BERRA, G.T. 1994. Assessment of the Use and Constraints of Recycled Newsprint in Prod. by MI's Newspaper Publishing Ind. M.S. Paper. E. Lansing, MI. Dept. of Res. Dev., MSU. Spring. 1994. 63 pp.
- MCCREERY, S.L. 1994. Environ. Pol. in the Sov. Union & Post-Soviet Repubs: A Case Study of Environ. & Soc. Aspects of Water Res. Mgmt in the Aral Sea Basin. M.S Thesis. E.Lansing, MI. Dept. of Res. Dev., MI State Univ. Fall 1994. 108 pp.
- KAKELA, P.J. 1994. The Shift to Taconite Pellets; Necessary Evil or Lucky Break Lansing, MI. Michigan History Magazine. November/December 1994. pp. 70-75.
- KAKELA, P.J. 1995. Nonrenewable Resources; Status and Potential of MI Natural Resources: Spec. Rpt 81. E. Lansing, MI. MI Agr. Experiment Station. Jan. 1995. 18 pp.
- KAKELA, P.J. 1995. Markets for Sinter Feed and Lump Iron Ore on the Great Lakes. Spec. Consulting Report. E. Lansing, MI. Dept of Res. Dev., MI State Univ. Jan. 18, 1995. 61 pp.
- KAKELA, P.J. 1995. Iron Ore FAX. Quarterly Newsletter authored and published by Peter Kakela. E.Lansing, MI. Volume 1, Number 1, published July 1, 1995; Vol. 1, No. 2 pub. Oct. 16, 1995. 4 pages each issue.
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