Source: WASHINGTON STATE UNIVERSITY submitted to NRP
MULTIDISCIPLINARY EVALUATION OF NEW APPLE CULTIVARS
Sponsoring Institution
National Institute of Food and Agriculture
Project Status
COMPLETE
Funding Source
HATCH
Reporting Frequency
Annual
Accession No.
0167114
Grant No.
(N/A)
Cumulative Award Amt.
(N/A)
Proposal No.
(N/A)
Multistate No.
NE-183
Project Start Date
Oct 1, 1999
Project End Date
Sep 30, 2005
Grant Year
(N/A)
Program Code
[(N/A)]- (N/A)
Recipient Organization
WASHINGTON STATE UNIVERSITY
240 FRENCH ADMINISTRATION BLDG
PULLMAN,WA 99164-0001
Performing Department
WENATCHEE TREE FRUIT RESEARCH AND EXTENSION CENTER
Non Technical Summary
Apple growers have a difficult time learning the tree growth and productivity characteristics and the local adaptation of new cultivars. The project evaluates tree growth, production and fruit quality of a range of potentially commercial apple cultivars.
Animal Health Component
100%
Research Effort Categories
Basic
(N/A)
Applied
100%
Developmental
(N/A)
Classification

Knowledge Area (KA)Subject of Investigation (SOI)Field of Science (FOS)Percent
20511101060100%
Knowledge Area
205 - Plant Management Systems;

Subject Of Investigation
1110 - Apple;

Field Of Science
1060 - Biology (whole systems);
Goals / Objectives
1. Evaluate horticultural qualities and pest susceptibilities of new apple cultivars, strains, and advanced selections at numerous locations throughout the United States to determine both the limitations and the positive attributes of these cultivars. 2. Develop horticultural and pest management strategies for new cultivars or cultivar strains that are emerging as commercially-accepted cultivars. 3. Compare the cost of production and profitability of new apple cultivars.
Project Methods
Establish uniform replicated field trials (similar to trials in over 20 sites in the U.S. and Canada) of apple cultivars and selections in Washington. Collect data from trials planted in 1995 and 1999 on mortality, tree health, growth, yield and fruit quality. Data from Washington in combination with data from other sites will provide a comprehensive summary of cultivar performance in diverse environments.

Progress 10/01/99 to 09/30/05

Outputs
Apple varieties were established in 1995 and 1999 at over 17 sites including Wenatchee, WA. Data from all sites found that uniformity among sites for yield characteristics was high for Fuji but low for Fortune, GoldRush and HoneyCrisp suggesting that the latter lack broad adaptability. For fruit quality, Braeburn and GoldRush had the firmest fruit. Early varieties Pristine, Sunrise and GingerGold had the lowest sugar levels. Cultivars with high and balanced levels of sugars and acidity (highly flavored) were GoldRush, Suncrisp, Enterprise and Arlet, while low levels of both sugars and acidity (poor flavor) were found with GingerGold, Creston and GoldenSupreme. Cultivar X Site interactions were generally high for yield traits but were relatively low for fruit traits such as sugar levels and acidity. In Washington, cumulative yield efficiency was highest for Shizuka, Suncrisp and Golden Delicious and lowest for Sanza. From the points of view of growing characteristics, production and tree health and fruit quality, no new cultivar appears to have greater commercial potential in Washington than the commercially successful cultivars Braeburn, Fuji, Gala and HoneyCrisp.

Impacts
Data from the 1994 and 1999 plantings were helpful in recommending cultivars for the Washington apple industry and for selecting parents for the Washington apple breeding program.

Publications

  • Miller, S.S., R.W. McNew, B.H. Barritt, L. Berkett, S.K. Brown, J.A. Cline, J.M. Clements, W.P. Cowgill, R.M. Crassweller, M.E. Garcia, D.W. Greene, G.M. Greene, C.R. Hampson, I. Merwin, D.D. Miller, R.E. Moran, C.R. Rom, T.R. Roper, J.R. Schupp, and E. Stover. 2005. Effect of Cultivar and Site on Fruit Quality as Demonstrated by the NE-183 Regional Project on Apple Cultivars. HortTechnology 15:886-895.
  • Crasweller, R., R. McNew, A. Azarenko, B. Barritt, R. Belding, L. Berkett, S. Brown, J. Clemens, J. Cline, W. Cowgill, D. Ferree, E. Garcia, D. Greene, G. Greene, C. Hampson, I. Merwin, D. Miller, S. Miller, R. Moran, J. Obermiller, D. Rosenberger, C. Rom, T. Roper, J. Schupp, and E. Stover. 2005. Performance of Apple Cultivars in the 1995 NE-183 Regional Project Planting: I Growth and Yield Characteristics. J. Amer. Pom. Soc. 59:18-27.


Progress 01/01/04 to 12/31/04

Outputs
The 1994 and 1999 plantings have been maintained according to protocols established by the national NE-183 committee. In the 1994 trial, the largest trees were Shizuka/M.9, Golden Supreme/M.9 and Galasupreme/M.9; smallest trees were Honeycrisp/M.9, Sansa/M.9; NY75414/M.9, and Braeburn both on M.9 and Mark. The varieties with the largest fruit size were Fortune and Enterprise, and those with the smallest fruit size were Golden Delicious and Sansa. On a cumulative basis (1995-2004) yield efficiency was highest for Shizuka/M.9, Suncrisp/M.9 and Golden Delicious/M.9 and lowest for Sansa/M.9. In the 1999 trial, the highest cumulative yield was for trees of CQR 12-T50, Delblush and Pinova, and the most yield efficient were Coop 39, Runkel and Ambrosia.

Impacts
Data from the 1994 and 1999 plantings will be helpful in recommending cultivars for the Washington apple industry and for selecting parents for the Washington apple breeding program.

Publications

  • Hampson, C.R., R. McNew, A. Azarenko, B. Barritt, R. Belding, L. Berkett, S. Brown, J. Clements, J. Cline, W. Cowgill, R. Crassweller, E. Garcia, D. Greene, G. Greene, I. Merwin, D. Miller, S. Miller, R. Moran, J.D. Obermiller, C. Rom, T. Roper, J. Schupp and E. Stover. 2004. Performance of Braeburn, Golden Deliciou and Yataka Fuji apple on Mark and M.9 rootstocks at multiple locations across North America. J. Amer. Pomol. Soc. 58(2):78-89.


Progress 01/01/03 to 12/31/03

Outputs
The 1994 and 1999 plantings have been maintained according to protocols established by the national NE-183 committee. For the 1994 trial, tree growth and production data have been collected for a 10-year period. The largest trees were Shizuka/M.9, Golden Supreme/M.9 and Galasupreme/M.9; smallest trees were Sansa/M.9, NY 75414/M.9 and Braeburn on both M.9 and Mark. The varieties with the largest fruit size were Ginger Gold, Yataka and Shizuka and with the smallest fruit size were Pristine and Honeycrisp. On a cumulative basis (1995-2003) yield efficiency has been highest for Suncrisp/M.9, Golden Delicious/Mark and Goldrush/M.9 and lowest for Golden Supreme/M.9, Sansa/M.9, Fortune/M.9, Galasupreme/M.9 and Orin/M.9. Data for the 1999 trial have been collected through year 5. The highest cumulative yield was for trees of Golden Delicious, Fuji and Pink Lady, and the most yield efficient were Hampshire, Ambrosia and Autumn Gold.

Impacts
Data from the 1994 and 1999 plantings will be helpful in recommending cultivars for the Washington apple industry and for selecting parents for the Washington apple breeding program.

Publications

  • Barritt, B.H. 2003. Gala, a case of irrational exuberance. Good Fruit Grower 54(9):36.


Progress 01/01/02 to 12/31/02

Outputs
The 1994 and 1999 plantings have been maintained according to protocols established by the NE-183 committee. For the 1994 trial, tree growth, production and fruit quality data for year 9 were collected. The largest trees were Shizuka/M.9, Golden Supreme/M.9 and Cameo/M.9, and the smallest trees were Braeburn on M.9 and Mark, Sansa/M.9 and Honeycrisp/M.9. The varieties with the largest fruit size were Fortune, Golden Supreme and Cameo, and those with the smallest fruit size were Sansa and Yataka Fuji. On a cumulative basis (1995-2002) yield efficiency was highest for Suncrisp, Golden Delicious, Honeycrisp and GoldRush and lowest for Sansa, Golden Supreme, Fortune and Gala Supreme. In the 1999 trial tree size was largest for NJ 109, Fuji and Golden Delicious and smallest for Zesta, Hampshire and NJ 90. Cumulative yield efficiency (2001-2002) was highest for Pinova and Hampshire and lowest for NY 79507-72 and Coop 29.

Impacts
Data from trials will help apple producers decide if a variety should be considered or rejected for new planting.

Publications

  • No publications reported this period


Progress 01/01/01 to 12/31/01

Outputs
The 1994 and 1999 plantings have been maintained according to protocols established by the NE-183 committee. For the 1994 trial, tree growth, production and fruit quality data for year 8 were collected. The largest trees were Gala Supreme/M.9, Golden Supreme/M.9 and Shizuka/M.9, and the smallest trees were Sansa/M.9, NY 75414/M.9 and Braeburn on both M.9 and Mark. The varieties with the largest fruit size were Fortune and Shizuka and with the smallest fruit size were Pristine, NY 75414-1, Sansa and Creston. On a cumulative basis (1995-2001), yield efficiency has been highest for Suncrisp/M.9, Honeycrisp/M.9, Golden Delicious/Mark and Goldrush/M.9 and lowest for Golden Supreme/M.9, Sansa/M.9, Fortune/M.9, Gala Supreme/M.9 and Orin/M.9. For the 1999 trial through year 3 the highest yielding trees were Pinova, Pink Lady and Golden Delicious, and the most yield efficient were Pink Lady, Hampshire, Pinova and Silken.

Impacts
Data from trials will help apple producers decide if a variety should be considered or rejected for new planting.

Publications

  • No publications reported this period


Progress 01/01/00 to 12/31/00

Outputs
A trial of 22 apple cultivars on M.9 rootstocks was established in 1994. In 2000 (year 7), the cultivars with the largest trees (trunk cross-sectional area) were Gala Supreme, Shizuka, Pristine, Cameo and Golden Delicious. Those with the smallest trees were Braeburn, Honeycrisp, Goldrush and NY 75414-1. The earliest cultivars were Pristine, Sunrise, Sansa, Gingergold and Arlet, and the latest were Goldrush, Orin, Suncrisp, Cameo and Fuji Nagafu-2. Highest cumulative yield per tree occurred with Suncrisp, Shizuka, Golden Delicious and Cameo, and the lowest with Braeburn, Sansa, Fuji Yataka and Fortune. Highest yield efficiency (kg/cm2) occurred with Suncrisp, Honeycrisp, Goldrush and Golden Delicious, and the lowest yield efficiency occurred with Golden Supreme, Pristine, Gala Supreme and Fortune. The largest fruit size in 2000 occurred with Shizuka, Cameo and Gingergold and the smallest fruit size occurred with Sunrise, Braeburn and Fuji Yataka.

Impacts
Data from trials will help apple producers decide if a variety should be considered or rejected for new planting.

Publications

  • Barritt, B.H. 2000. Fuji apple production in the world, USA. In K. Komamura (Ed.) 60 Years of Fuji Apple. Published in Japan.


Progress 01/01/99 to 12/31/99

Outputs
A trial of 22 apple cultivars on M.9 rootstocks was established in 1994. In 1999 (year 6), the cultivars with the largest trees (trunk cross-sectional area) were Gala Supreme, Golden Supreme, Shizuka, Pristine, Fuji and Golden Delicious. Those with the smallest trees were Braeburn, Sansa, Honeycrisp, Goldrush, Suncrisp and Fuji Yataka. The earliest cultivars were Pristine, Sunrise, Sansa, Gingergold and Arlet, and the latest were Goldrush, Orin, Suncrisp, Cameo and Fuji Nagafu-2. Highest cumulative yield per tree occurred with Shizuka, Cameo, Suncrisp and Golden Delicious, and the lowest with Braeburn, Gala Supreme, Pristine and Sunrise. Highest yield efficiency (kg/cm2) occurred with Suncrisp, Honeycrisp, Goldrush and Golden Delicious, and the lowest yield efficiency occurred with Golden Supreme, Pristine, Sansa, Gala Supreme, Arlet and Fortune. The largest fruit size in 1999 occurred with Shizuka, Fortune, Gala Supreme, Cameo and Enterprise and the smallest fruit size occurred with Sansa, Pristine, Orin and Sunrise.

Impacts
(N/A)

Publications

  • No publications reported this period


Progress 01/01/98 to 12/31/98

Outputs
A trial of 22 apple cultivars on M.9 rootstocks was established in 1994. In 1998 (year 5), the cultivars with the largest trees (trunk cross-sectional area) were Gala Supreme, Shizuka, Golden Supreme, Pristine and Golden Delicious. Those with the smallest trees were Braeburn, Sansa, Fuji Yataka, Goldrush and Suncrisp. The earliest cultivars were Pristine, Sunrise, Sansa, Gingergold and Arlet, and the latest were Goldrush, Orin, Suncrisp, Cameo and Fuji Nagafu-2. Highest yield efficiency (kg/cm2) occurred with Suncrisp, Fuji Yataka, Fuji Nagafu-2, Goldrush and Honeycrisp, and the lowest yield efficiency occurred with Fortune, Pristine, Golden Supreme and Sansa.

Impacts
(N/A)

Publications

  • No publications reported this period


Progress 01/01/96 to 12/30/96

Outputs
The 1995 NE-183 trial of 21 cultivars and selections grew well in 1996. A very small crop was harvested. It is too early to draw any conclusions from this trial.

Impacts
(N/A)

Publications


    Progress 01/01/95 to 12/30/95

    Outputs
    In April 1995 the NE-183 cultivar trial was established at the Tree Fruit Research and Extension Center, Wenatchee. The following cultivars were included: Fuji Nagafu 2, Ginger Gold, Golden Delicious, Fuji Yataka, Braeburn, Sunrise, Orin, NY75414-1, Arlet, BC 8M-15-10, Sansa, Honeycrisp, Galasupreme, Shizuka, Senshu, Carousel (Cameo), NY429 (Fortune), Enterprise, Goldrush, Pristine, Suncrisp and Golden Supreme. All trees were on M.9 rootstock. Additional trees of Fuji Yataka, Braeburn and Golden Delicious were planted on Mark rootstock. Each cultivar/rootstock combination was replicated 10 times in a RCB design.

    Impacts
    (N/A)

    Publications

    • NO PUBLICATIONS REPORTED THIS PERIOD.