Exotic Pest Detection and Survey in the Northeast: Safeguarding Cultivated and Native Plant Resources from Harmful Non-Indigenous Species

Knowledge Area (KA)	Subject of Investigation (SOI)	Field of Science (FOS)	Percent
211	3110	1130	100%

Progress 10/01/00 to 09/30/05

Outputs
Exotic insects, especially the invasive species, represent one of the most serious groups of agricultural and forest pests in North America. The early detection of such exotic species is paramount to evaluating their pest status and implementing control and/or eradication efforts. To this end, my pest detection and survey work in the northeastern United States and eastern Canada continues. The following discoveries have resulted from my Hatch project activities for 2005. A collecting/survey trip to St. Johns, Newfoundland in early August 2005 resulted in the detection of 4 exotic insect species new to North America, and several new records of other alien species new to Atlantic Canada or the Maritime Provinces. The tortricid moth Archips xylosteana was beaten from branches and foliage of various ornamental trees on the campus of Memorial University; this Palearctic species is a minor pest of ornamental shade and fruit trees in its native range. The froghopper Conomelus anceps was found associated with Juncus effusus, common or soft rush, near coastal areas at five localities in and around St. Johns. Also, two Palearctic plant bugs (Phytocoris longipennis and Pilophorus cinnamopterus) were collected by beating various ornamental trees and shrubs at several sites in St. Johns. These records are the first for North America. Publications are in preparation for each. A summary of activities and significant discoveries for the 5 years of this Hatch project are as follows: Five extensive collecting/survey trips (1 week-10 days duration) were conducted during this funding period: 2001 and 2003 (Nova Scotia), 2002 (Michigan/Ohio), 2004-2005 (St. Johns, Newfoundland). Several 1-2 day-long collecting/survey trips were conducted in NY, PA, and MD over this period each year, in search of various target exotics to determine their dispersal and expanding geographic ranges in the eastern U.S. They included European crane flies (Tipula oleracea and Tipula paludosa), brown marmorated stink bug (Halyomorpha halys), viburnum leaf beetle (Pyrrhalta viburni), and winter moth (Operophtera brumata). My taxonomic or identification support services for other federal and state pest surveillance programs (for example, NYS Cooperative Agricultural Pest Survey, and the USDA/Forest Service Early Detection and Rapid Response program) in the NE resulted in the first time identification of the winter moth in Massachusetts, European crane flies in New York, and several exotic bark and ambrosia beetles in the northeastern U.S. (for example, Hylurgus ligniperda, Hylurgops palliatus, Xyleborinus alni, and Xyleborus seriatus). For this 5-year granting period, a total of 14 species of exotic insects were discovered and reported new to North America. An additional 25 exotic species were reported either new to the eastern U.S., eastern Canada or the Maritime provinces. Including the scientific articles that appeared in print in 2005 (cited below), a total of 15 peer-reviewed publications resulted from the collecting/survey activities of this Hatch funding period.

Impacts
With an ever expanding global economy and an unprecedented volume of trade taking place with all corners of the earth, and especially with Asia, the United States and the North American continent is constantly being invaded by exotic pest species. As a result of quarantine and inspection measures at our major ports of entry, many potentially dangerous pests are effectively excluded. However, these measures are not always failsafe and a number of accidental introductions of exotic species do occur annually. Those pests that colonize rapidly and spread unimpeded pose a serious threat to North American agriculture, horticulture, and forestry. Early and rapid detection of exotic species in the landscape is imperative in order to establish eradication or management protocols. To this end, our detection and survey initiatives support federal and state programs safeguarding North American plant resources from bioinvasions.

Publications

Hoebeke, E.R. and Wheeler, Jr., A.G. 2005. Establishment of three European flea beetles in Nova Scotia: Longitarsus ganglbaueri Heikertinger, L. jacobaeae (Waterhouse), and L. rubiginosa (Foudras) (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Alticinae). Proc. Entomol. Soc. Wash. 107:319-322
Wheeler, Jr., A.G. and Hoebeke, E.R. 2005. Livilla variegata (Low) (Hemiptera: Sternorrhyncha: Psyllidae) new to North America, with records of three other Palearctic psyllids new to Newfoundland. Proc. Entomol. Soc. Wash. 107:941-946
Hoebeke, E.R., Haugen, D.A., and Haack, R.A.. 2005. Sirex noctilio: discovery of a Palearctic siricid woodwasp in New York. Newsletter Mich. Entomol. Soc. 50(1-2):24-25
Haugen, D.A. and Hoebeke, E.R. 2005. Pest Alert: Sirex Woodwasp, Sirex noctilio F. (Hymenoptera: Siricidae). USDA, US Forest Service NA-PR-07-05

Progress 01/01/04 to 12/31/04

Outputs
Exotic invasive insect species represent one of the most serious groups of agricultural and forest pests in North America. The early detection of such exotic species through timely and accurate identification is paramount to evaluating their pest status and implementing control, management, and/or eradication efforts. To this end, my pest detection and survey work, and taxonomic backup support for other plant protection initiatives in the northeastern U.S. continues. The following Hatch-related survey and identification activities were conducted in 2004. An ongoing delimiting survey in 2004 for the viburnum leaf beetle (VLB), Pyrrhalta viburni, in NY yielded 2 additional counties (Sullivan and Delaware Co.) - now totaling 35 counties known to be occupied/infested. Further surveys for the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), Halyomorpha halys, an Asian immigrant, were conducted in 2004. Since its first time discovery in 2003 in MD, PA, and a single (apparent hitchhiker) specimen in SC, it also has been confirmed from WV, DE, and most recently in OR (I confirmed the identification of a specimen from Portland, collected in August) and VA. BMSB is both a nuisance pest and a polyphagous pest of various fruit and ornamental tress and shrubs. A significant detection in 2004 was based on my identification of numerous crane flies at two golf course sites in western NY: Lockport and Lewiston. In July, specimens from Lockport were identified as Tipula olearacea, a European crane fly first reported in North America from Washington state in 1998. Then again in August, more crane flies from Lewiston were identified as yet another European immigrant, Tipula paludosa. This exotic species was first documented in North America from the Canadian Maritimes in the mid 1950s and the Pacific NW in the late 1960s. In both cases, these European crane flies are serious turfgrass and pasture pests. Further delimiting surveys will be conducted in 2005 to determine the extent of spread and establishment in NY. Continuing detection surveys in the Atlantic Provinces of Canada took place in 2004 as well. A 10-day collecting trip to Newfoundland in mid July yielded the first time discovery of a Palearctic psyllid, Livilla variegata, in the St. John's area. This species is associated with gold chain, Laburnum spp., and is the only known host. Our collection of L. variegata from ornamental Laburnum in St. Johns is the first report of this exotic psyllid for the Western Hemisphere. This species appears to be abundant on Laburnum hosts in the greater St. Johns region of the Avalon Peninsula. A peer-reviewed paper is in press. In late December 2003 and January 2004, I received specimens of an unknown moth occurring in large numbers in Cape Cod, MA, and in neighboring coastal areas from Boston through Plymouth Co. I identified specimens as Operophtera brumata, the winter moth, a defoliating species not previously reported from the eastern U.S.; it was subsequently and independently confirmed by other entomologists. This detection represents the first known occurrence of it in outbreak proportions in New England.

Impacts
With an ever expanding global economy and an unprecedented volume of trade taking place with all corners of the earth, and especially Asia, the United States and the North American continent is constantly being invaded by exotic pest species. As a result of quarantine and inspection measures at our major ports of entry, many potentially dangerous pests are effectively excluded. However, these measures are not always failsafe and a number of accidental introductions of exotic species do occur annually. Those pests that colonize rapidly and spread unimpeded pose a serious threat to North American agriculture, horticulture, and forestry. Early and rapid detection of exotic species in the landscape is imperative in order to establish eradication or management protocols. To this end, my detection and survey initiatives support federal and state programs safeguarding North American plant resources from bioinvasions.

Publications

Wheeler, A. G., Jr. and Hoebeke, E. R. 2004. New North American records of the European broom psyllid Arytaina genistae (Latreille) (Sternorrhyncha:Psyllidae). Proc. Entomol. Soc. Wash. 106(1): 176-180.
Wheeler, A. G., Jr. and Hoebeke, E. R. 2004. New records of Palearctic Hemiptera(Sternorrhyncha, Cicadomorpha, Heteroptera) in the Canadian Maritime Provinces. Proc. Entomol. Soc. Wash. 106(2): 298-304.
Wheeler, A. G., Jr. and Hoebeke, E. R. 2004. An introduced knapweed gall fly, Urophora quadrifasciata (Meigen) (Diptera: Tephritidae), in North America: northeastern and southeastern range extensions. Proc. Entomol. Soc. Wash. 106(4): 784-788.

Progress 01/01/03 to 12/31/03

Outputs
Exotic invasive insect species represent one of the most serious groups of agricultural and forest pests in North America. The early detection of such exotic species is paramount to evaluating their pest status and implementing control, management, and/or eradication efforts. To this end, my pest detection and survey work in the northeastern United States continues. The following Hatch-related survey activities were conducted in 2003. Continuing delimiting surveys for viburnum leaf beetle (VLB), Pyrrhalta viburni, in New York yielded no additional counties this year, lower Hudson Valley surveys notwithstanding, leaving the total at 33 counties known to be occupied/infested by VLB. In August 1999, I discovered a large nymphal population of the Palearctic cockroach Ectobius lucidus, occurring on foliage and in the leaf litter of viburnums and other understory shrubs at Stony Brook State Park, near Dansville, NY. This represents the first record of this Old World cockroach in North America. Follow-up collecting was conducted in spring, summer and fall in 2000 at this same site, to find that this species is well established there. In 2001, 2002, and again in 2003, intensive studies were conducted at this site to learn and document the seasonal history of this little known Old World cockroach. From early May through September, intensive sampling of the population was taken every 2 weeks to determine phenology; this research will be published in 2004 or 2005. Sporadic sampling also took place through the fall, ending with the first hard frosts or when cockroach activity ceased in the leaf litter where overwintering occurs. Further surveys for the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), Halyomorpha halys, an Asian immigrant newly identified in October 2001 in northeastern PA, took place in 2003. Additional populations were discovered in 2003 in the Hagerstown area of northern MD, the Harrisburg region of central PA, and an apparent hitchhiker was discovered in Clemson, SC. BMSB is both a nuisance pest and a polyphagous pest of various fruit and ornamental trees and shrubs and appears to continuing its spread in the Northeast. A peer-reviewed paper was published on this newly detected exotic fruit pest (see below). Additional first time detections were made for the Old World muscid fly, Coenosia attenuata, a predaceous fly found in NY greenhouses, and subsequently discovered in ME, IL, and CA; for the Palearctic flea beetle, Sphaeroderma testaceum, a biocontrol agent of Canada thistle, in the Canadian Maritimes (Nova Scotia); and for three other Palearctic flea beetles (Longitarsus jacobaeae, L. ganglbaueri, and L. rubiginosa), specialist herbivores on tansy ragwort and bindweed respectively, in Nova Scotia (see publications list below). Other surveys have continued in 2003 in New York, other neighboring states, and eastern Canadian provinces for potentially damaging exotic arthropods that have gone undetected.

Impacts
With an expanding global economy and an unprecedented volume of trade taking place with all corners of the earth, and especially Asia, the United States and the North American continent is constantly being invaded by exotic pest species. As a result of quarantine and inspection measures at our major ports of entry, many potentially dangerous pests are effectively excluded. However, these measures are not always failsafe and a number of accidental introductions of exotic species do occur annually. Those pests that colonize rapidly and spread unimpeded pose a serious threat to North American agriculture, horticulture, and forestry. Early and rapid detection of exotic species in the landscape is imperative in order to establish eradication or management protocols. To this end, my detection and survey initiatives support federal and state programs safeguarding North American plant resources from bioinvasions.

Publications

Hoebeke, E.R. and Carter, M.E. 2003. Halyomorpha halys (Stal) (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae): a polyphagous plant pest from Asia newly detected in North America. Proc. Entomol. Soc. Wash. 105:225-237.
Hoebeke, E.R., Sensenbach, E.J., Sanderson, J.P. and Wraight, S.P. 2003. First report of Coenosia attenuata Stein (Diptera: Muscidae), an Old World hunter fly in North America. Proc. Entomol. Soc. Wash. 105:769-775.
Weston, P.A. and Hoebeke, E.R. 2003. Viburnum leaf beetle, Pyrrhalta viburni (Paykull) (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae): dispersal pattern of a Palearctic landscape pest in New York and its distribution status in the northeastern U.S. and eastern Canada. Proc. Entomol. Soc. Wash. 105:889-895.
Hoebeke, E.R. and Wheeler, A.G., Jr. 2003. Sphaeroderma testaceum (F.) (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae), a Palearctic flea beetle new to North America. Proc. Entomol. Soc. Wash. 105:991-995.
Hoebeke, E.R., Kaufman, P.E., Glenister, C.S. and Stringham, S.M. 2003. (Note) New Nearctic record for Epitranus clavatus F. (Hymenoptera: Chalcididae). Proc. Entomol. Soc. Wash. 105:1062-1063.
Hoebeke, E.R. 2003. Asian long-horned beetle invasion threatens North American urban forests. Encyclopedia of Pest Management, Marcel Dekker, Inc., 5 pp. (On Line).
Hoebeke, E.R. 2003. Invasive insects as major pests in the United States. Encyclopedia of Pest Management, Marcel Dekker, Inc., 4 pp. (On Line).

Progress 01/01/02 to 12/31/02

Outputs
Exotic invasive insects represent one of the most serious groups of agricultural and forest pests in North America. The early detection of such exotic species is paramount to evaluating their pest status and implementing control and/or eradication efforts. To this end, my pest detection and survey work in the northeastern United States and eastern Canada (including the Maritime Provinces) continues. The following Hatch-related survey activities were conducted in 2002. Continuing delimiting surveys in 2002 for the viburnum leaf beetle, Pyrrhalta viburni, in New York now confirm its presence in 33 counties. My surveys also have detected it for the first time in 3 northern tier counties in Pennsylvania (Bradford, McKean, Potter) and in one county in Ohio (Ashtabula). A peer-reviewed paper on the status of this invasive species and its continuing spread in the Northeast is currently in press. In October 2001, an exotic stink bug was discovered invading homes and commercial establishments in the greater Allentown area (PA). This species (Halyomorpha halys) is endemic to China, Korea, Japan, and Taiwan where it is recognized as both a nuisance pest and a polyphagous pest of various fruit and ornamental trees and shrubs. At present, after additional delimiting surveys conducted in the summer and fall of 2002, this invasive stink bug is known from 5 eastern counties of Pennsylvania and 2 western counties of New Jersey (Warren, Hunterdon). Some reports have been emerging of damage by this bug to the area's organically-grown fruit. A peer-reviewed paper has been published on this newly detected pest (see below). Other surveys have continued in 2002 in New York and other neighboring states for potentially damaging exotic arthropods that have gone undetected.

Impacts
With an expanding global economy and an unprecedented volume of trade taking place with all corners of the earth, and especially Asia, the United States and the North American continent is constantly being invaded by exotic pest species. As a result of quarantine and inspection measures at our major ports of entry, many potentially dangerous pests are effectively excluded. However, these measures are not always failsafe and a number of accidental introductions of exotic species do occur annually. Those pests that colonize rapidly and spread unimpeded pose a serious threat to North American agriculture, horticulture, and forestry. Early and rapid detection of exotic species in the landscape is imperative in order to establish eradication or management protocols. To this end, my detection and survey initiatives support federal and state programs safeguarding North American plant resources from bioinvasions.

Publications

No publications reported this period

Progress 01/01/01 to 12/31/01

Outputs
Exotic invasive insects represent one of the most serious groups of agricultural and forest pests in North America. The early detection of such exotic species is paramount to evaluating their pest status and implementing control and/or eradication efforts. To this end, my pest detection and survey work in the northeastern United States and eastern Canada (including the Maritime Provinces) continues. The following Hatch-related survey activities were conducted in 2001. Continuing delimiting surveys for the viburnum leaf beetle, Pyrrhalta viburni, in New York confirm its presence in 26 counties. My surveys also have detected it for the first time in Erie County, PA (Erie: Presque Isle State Park) and in Chittenden County, VT (Burlington) in 2000. In November 2000, an exotic bark beetle was discovered in a Christmas tree plantation in the Rochester area. The red-haired pine bark beetle, Hylurgus ligniperda, was originally found in Monroe Co., nr. Greece, back in 1994 and 1995, and based on the collection of a single individual in each year in a pheromone-baited trap. An extensive delimiting survey for this bark beetle was conducted in 2001 by USDA-APHIS-PPQ personnel with my taxonomic assistance. One hundred and twenty Lindgren funnel traps were placed in 8 counties surrounding the original detection site (Monroe Co.). As a result of screening and examining approximately 600 samples, H. ligniperda was detected at four additional sites in a total of 3 counties. As the result of quick thinking of an extension specialist in eastern Pennsylvania, specimens of an unidentified stink bug invading homes in the Allentown area in October 2001 were submitted to me and ultimately identified as an exotic species previously unknown from North America. This Asian stink bug (Halyomorpha halys), known commonly as the brown marmorated stink bug, is native to China, Japan, and Korea. In addition to being a nuisance pest in the fall and spring of the year by invading homes, it is also a polyphagous fruit pest in Asia, feeding on many fruits trees and legumes, including soybeans. Subsequent detective work and additional homeowner inquiries now confirm its presence in at least 4 eastern PA counties, with populations extremely abundant in the greater Allentown area. Extensive surveys for this exotic pest will be conducted beginning in spring/summer of 2002. Another Canadian Maritimes collecting and survey trip in August 2001 yielded many new distributional records for several exotic insects previously recorded from this region. However, the single collection of numerous individuals of a flea beetle on Canada thistle (Cirsium arvense) at Truro, Nova Scotia, proved to be the first confirmed record of Sphaeroderma testaceum in North America. In Europe, this leaf-mining beetle attacks several taxa in the Compositae, mostly plants of the genera Carduus and Cirsium. This species has been previously evaluated as a potential biological control agent of the various introduced thistles, but has yet to be released in North America. This single collection represents a significant detection event.

Impacts
With an expanding global economy and an unprecedented volume of trade taking place with all corners of the earth, and especially Asia, the United States and the North American continent is constantly being invaded by exotic pest species. As a result of quarantine and inspection measures at our major ports of entry, many potentially dangerous pests are effectively excluded. However, these measures are not always failsafe and a number of accidental introductions of exotic species do occur annually. Those pests that colonize rapidly and spread unimpeded pose a serious threat to North American agriculture, horticulture, and forestry. Early and rapid detection of exotic species in the landscape is imperative in order to establish eradication or management protocols. To this end, my detection and survey initiatives support federal and state programs safeguarding North American plant resources from bioinvasions.

Publications

Hoebeke, E. R. 2001. Hylurgus ligniperda: a new exotic pine bark beetle in the United States. Newsletter of the Michigan Entomological Society 46: 1-2.

Progress 01/01/00 to 12/31/00

Outputs
Exotic invasive insect species represent one of the most serious groups of agricultural and forest pests in North America. The early detection of such exotic species is paramount to evaluating their pest status and implementing control and/or eradication efforts. To this end, my pest detection and survey work in the northeastern United States continues. The following have resulted from my Hatch project activities for 2000. Surveys for viburnum leaf beetle (VLB), Pyrrhalta viburni, in New York in 1999 yielded an additional 12 counties, bringing the total to 26 counties known to be occupied by VLB. Continuing surveys in 2000 demonstrated that VLB is causing significant damage to ornamental viburnum shrubs in the Rochester, Buffalo and Syracuse metropolitan areas, and the species is spreading southward through the southern tier counties (Tioga Co. added to the pest's distribution list in 2000). Viburnum leaf beetle was found for the first time in two adjacent states in 2000 as well, in Erie Co., Pennsylvania (Presque Isle State Park nr. Erie) and in Chittenden Co., Vermont (University of Vermont campus and elsewhere in the Burlington area). Ongoing surveys in 2000 for the Palearctic clover weevil, Ischnopterapion virens, in the Northeast, first discovered in 1997 in PA, have produced additional county records for PA (2) and NY (12), as well as first records for MA (Berkshire Co.) and VT (Bennington Co.). In August 1999, I discovered a large nymphal population of the Palearctic cockroach Ectobius lucidus, occurring on foliage and in the leaf litter of viburnums and other understory shrubs at Stony Brook State Park, near Dansville, NY. This represents the first record of this Old World cockroach in North America. Follow-up collecting was conducted in spring, summer and fall in 2000 at this same site, to find that this species is well established there. In November 2000, another exotic bark beetle was discovered in a Christmas tree plantation in the Rochester area. The red-haired pine bark beetle, Hylurgus ligniperda, was originally found in Monroe Co., nr. Greece, back in 1994 and 1995, and based on the collection of a single individual in each year in a pheromone-baited trap. Subsequent surveys in 1996 did not turn up this species in baited trap logs or pheromone traps. This exotic bark beetle is considered to represent a potential threat to conifers (pines, spruces, firs, larches) in managed plantations because of the beetle's propensity to vector a stain rot pathogen to healthy conifer seedlings. Subsequent delimiting surveys for this bark beetle will be conducted in 2001 to determine the extent of its geographic distribution in New York and its potential for spreading the fungal pathogen (Leptographium spp.). My taxonomic research on members of the Asian longhorned beetle genus Anoplophora also continued in 2000, in collaboration with Steven W. Lingafelter, Systematic Entomology Laboratory, USDA-ARS (Washington, DC). We anticipate completing this systematic project sometime in late 2001.

Impacts
With an expanding global economy and an unprecedented volume of trade taking place with all corners of the earth, and especially Asia, the United States and the North American continent is constantly being invaded by exotic pest species. As a result of quarantine and inspection measures at our major ports of entry, many potentially dangerous pests are effectively excluded. However, these measures are not always failsafe and a number of accidental introductions of exotic species do occur annually. Those pests that colonize rapidly and spread unimpeded pose a serious threat to North American agriculture, horticulture, and forestry. Early and rapid detection of exotic species in the landscape is imperative in order to establish eradication or management protocols. To this end, my detection and survey initiatives support federal and state programs safeguarding North American plant resources from bioinvasions.

Publications

Hoebeke, E.R. and A.G. Wheeler, Jr. 1999 (2000). Anthidium oblongatum (Illiger); an Old World bee (Hymenoptera: Megachilidae) new to North America, and new North American records for A. manicatum (L.). Publications of the Natural History Museum, The University of Kansas (a continuation of the University of Kansas Science Bulletin), Special Publication No. 24:21-24.
Hoebeke, E.R., Byers, R.A., Alonso-Zarazaga, M.A., and J.F. Stimmel. 2000. Ischnopterapion (Chlorapion) virens (Herbst) (Coleoptera: Curculionoidea, Apionidae), a Palearctic clover pest new to North America: recognition features, distribution, and bionomics. Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington 102:151-161.
Hoebeke, E.R. and A.G. Wheeler, Jr. 2000. Telmatophilus typhae (Fallen) (Coleoptera: Cryptophagidae), a Palearctic cattail specialist established in the Canadian Maritime Provinces. Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington 102:398-402.
Weston, P.A., E.R. Hoebeke and B.C. Eshenauer. 1999. Viburnum Leaf Beetle, Pyrrhalta viburni (Paykull) (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae). Fact Sheet. Cornell University, Dept. of Entomology. 2 pp. (In color).

Progress 01/01/99 to 12/31/99

Outputs
Exotic invasive insect species represent one of the most serious groups of agricultural and forest pests in North America. The early detection of such exotic species is paramount to evaluating their pest status and implementing control and/or eradication efforts. To this end, my pest detection and survey work in the northeastern United States continues. The following have resulted from my Hatch project activities for 1999. Continuing surveys for viburnum leaf beetle (VLB), Pyrrhalta viburni, in New York have yielded an additional 12 counties, bringing the total to 26 counties known to be occupied by VLB. In 1999, VLB caused significant damage to ornamental viburnum shrubs in the greater Rochester and Buffalo regions, and the species is spreading southward through the southern tier counties. Ongoing surveys in 1999 for the Palearctic clover weevil, Ischnopterapion virens, in the Northeast, first discovered in 1997 in PA, have produced additional county records for PA and NY, and first time records for VA, CT, and MD. Callidiellum rufipenne, the Japanese cedar longhorned beetle, which I first identified from the eastern U.S. in 1997 (NC), has been recently found infesting arborvitae nursery stock in several nurseries in southeastern CT and NY in September 1998, and on Long Island and Staten Island in 1999. In August 1999, I discovered a large nymphal population of a Palearctic cockroach (presumably Ectobius sylvestris) on foliage of viburnums and other understory shrubs at Stony Brook State Park, near Dansville, NY; this was discovered in conjunction with my VLB survey work. I first identified this species and reported its presence in the U.S. (Geneva, NY) in 1989. Follow-up collecting will be conducted in early summer 2000 at this site to find adults, at which time a species confirmation can be made. My taxonomic research on members of the Asian longhorned beetle genus Anoplophora also continued in 1999, in collaboration with Steven W. Lingafelter, Systematic Entomology Laboratory, USDA-ARS (Washington, DC), with a major museum and collecting trip to Taiwan in June 1999, and more planned travel to Okinawa in summer of 2000.

Impacts
(N/A)

Publications

HOEBEKE, E. R. and A. G. WHEELER, Jr. 2000. Telmatophilus typhae (Fallen) (Coleoptera: Cryptophagidae), a Palearctic cattail specialist established in the Canadian Maritime Provinces. Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington 102:398-402.
HOEBEKE, E. R. 1999. Pest Alert: Japanese Cedar Longhorned Beetle in the Eastern United States. USDA-APHIS 81-35-004 (March). 2 pp. (In color).
WESTON, P. A., E. R. HOEBEKE and B. C. ESHENAUER. 1999. Viburnum Leaf Beetle, Pyrrhalta viburni (Paykull) (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae). Fact Sheet. Cornell University, Dept. of Entomology. 2 pp.(In color).
HOEBEKE, E. R., BYERS, R. A., ALONSO-ZARAZAGA, M. A., and J. F. STIMMEL. 2000. Ischnopterapion (Chlorapion) virens Herbst) (Coleoptera: Curculionoidea, Apionidae), a Palearctic clover pest new to North America: recognition features, distribution, and bionomics. Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington 102:151-161.

Progress 01/01/98 to 12/31/98

Outputs
Immigrant insects form the most serious group of agricultural and forest pests in North America. Consequently, early detection of exotic species is of utmost importance in evaluating their pest status and in implementing control or eradication programs. To this end, pest survey and detection work in the northeastern United States continues. The following have resulted from my Hatch project activities for 1998. My 1998 surveys for viburnum leaf beetle (VLB), Pyrrhalta viburni, in New York have yielded 6 additional counties, bringing the total to 14 counties known to be occupied by VLB. In 1998, VLB caused significant damage to ornamental viburnum shrubs throughout the greater Rochester area of Monroe County. Continuing surveys for the Palearctic clover weevil, Ischnopterapion virens, in the Northeast, first discovered in 1997, have yielded many new county records in PA and NY. Callidiellum rufipenne, the Japanese cedar longhorned beetle, which I first identified from the eastern U.S. (NC) in 1997, has been found again infesting arborvitae nursery stock in several nurseries in CT in September 1998. At the request of the USDA, I am preparing a factsheet on this newly detected exotic wood-boring beetle. As a result of my interests in surverying solid wood-packing material originating from Asia, I identified several live specimens of the Japanese pine sawyer, Monochamus alternatus, a native to east Asia, taken from a plumbing warehouse in Jamestown, NY, in June 1998; this represents the first find of this serious Asian pine pest in North America. I have also identified another Asian longhorned beetle, Hesperophanes campestris, isolated from wood crating stored in various warehouses in the Northeast. These identifications support the overall exotic survey mission of the USDA-APHIS-PPQ. My taxonomic research on the Asian longhorned beetle genus Anoplophora also continues, with a major museum and collecting trip to Korea and Japan resulting in July 1998.

Impacts
(N/A)

Publications

Cavey, J.F., E.R. Hoebeke, S. Passoa, and S.W. Lingafelter. 1998. New exotic threat to North American Hardwood forests: an Asian longhorned beetle, Anoplophora glabripennis (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae). I. Description and diagnosis of the larva. Proc. Entomol. Soc. Wash. 100:373-381.
Hoebeke, E.R. and A.G. Wheeler, Jr. In press, due in 1999. Anthidium oblongatum (Illiger): an Old World bee (Hymenoptera:Megachilidae) new to North America, and new North American records for A. manicatum (L.) Scientific Papers, Natural History Museum, University of Kansas Science Bulletin.
Hoebeke, E.R., Byers, R.A., Alonso-Zarazaga, M.A., and J.F. Stimmel. In press, due in 1999. Ischnopterapion (Chlorapion) virens (Herbst) (Coleoptera:Curculionoidea, Apionidae), a Palearctic clover pest new to North America:recognition features, distribution, and bionomics. Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington.

Progress 01/01/97 to 12/31/97

Outputs
Exotic pest survey and detection work in the Northeast, and in New York in particular, continues. The following have resulted from my Hatch project activities for 1997. New exotic insect discoveries I made in 1997 include first time records for a European clover stem weevil (Apion virens) in Pennsylvania, New Jersey, and New York; a Palearctic megachilid leaf-cutter bee in New York and Pennsylvania (Anthidium oblongatum); an Old World cantharid beetle in New York (Cantharis livida); and the first time detection of the smaller Japanese cedar longhorned beetle (Callidiellum rufipenne) in North Carolina, which is native to Japan. In the case of this latter species, the North Carolina Dept. of Agriculture will conduct its own delimiting survey this spring, using trap logs of red cedar, to try to determine if this exotic species is established elsewhere along the North Carolina coast. This longhorned beetle is considered a secondary pest of various coniferous hosts (but mostly dead or dying juniper and cedar). My study of adventive insects (initiated in 1993) in the Canadian Maritimes provinces continues, with a paper in preparation on the first time discovery of a Palearctic cryptophagid beetle (associated with the male flowers of cattail) in Nova Scotia, New Brunswick, and Prince Edward Island after 3 seasons of collecting, including a trip there in 1997. My involvement continues with the Asian longhorned beetle (Anoplophora glabripennis) in New York; in fact, I have been on location in New Yo.

Impacts
(N/A)

Publications

Hoebeke, E. R. and K. Beucke. 1997. Adventive Onthophagus (Coleoptera:Scrabaeidae) in North America:geographic ranges, diagnoses, and new distributional records. Entomol. News 108:362.
Cavey, J. F., E. R. Hoebeke, S. Passoa, and S. W. Lingafelter. 1998. New exotic threat to North American Hardwood forests: an Asian longhorned beetle, Anoplophora glabripennis (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae). I. Description and diagnosis of the
Hoebeke, E. R. and A. G. Wheeler, Jr. In press. Anthidium oblongatum (Illiger); an Old World bee (Hymenoptera:Megachilidae) new to North America, and new North American records for A. manicatum (L.)
Hoebeke, E. R., R. A. Byers, and M. A. Alonso-Zarazaga. In preparation. Ischnopterapion virens (Herbst) (Coleoptera: Curculionoidea, Apionidae), a Palearctic clover weevil new to North America: recognition features, biology, and distributio

Progress 01/01/96 to 12/30/96

Outputs
The following have resulted from my Hatch project activities for 1996. A study of adventive insects in the Canadian Maritime Provinces (initiated in 1993) continues, with several publications forthcoming detailing new North American records of exotic insects in Nova Scotia and Prince Edward Island. Highlights of local survey work and collecting in New York State include distributional data for three important adventive species. The Viburnum leaf beetle (Pyrrhalta viburni) was found for the first time in New York based on a collection of specimens in Cayuga County in July 1996. This exotic leaf beetle, native to central and western Europe and first reported in North America in 1947 from the Niagara Peninsula of Ontario, causes rather extensive ornamental European cranberry bush viburnum (Viburnum opulus). The Palearctic soldier beetle, Rhagonycha fulva (Cantharidae) was collected in two approximate localities near Cape Vincent (Jefferson Co.), NY in July 1996; heretofore this immigrant species was only known from Canada (BC, PQ, and NS). In September 1996, I provided a confirming identification for a new exotic longhorn beetle (Cerambycidae) in Brooklyn, New York. Anoplophora glabripennis, a native of China, has never before been detected in North America. It is an important pest of hardwood deciduous trees (including maple, horse chestnut, poplar, and willow). Eradication measures are currently being put in place. The infested areas of Brooklyn and Amityville have been quarantined by the Sta.

Impacts
(N/A)

Publications

HOEBEKE, E.R. and A.G. WHEELER, JR. 1996. Pteromalus elevatus (Walker) (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae): North American records of an immigrant parasitoid of the gall fly Urophora jaceana (Diptera: Tephritidae). Proc. Entomol. Soc. Wash. 98:87 HOEBEKE, E.R. and A.G.
WHEELER, JR. 1996. Meligethes viridescens (F.) (Coleoptera: Nitidulidae) in Maine, Nova Scotia, and Prince Edward Island: diagnosis, distribution, and bionomics of a Palearctic species new to North America. Proc. En HOEBEKE, E.R. and A.G.
WHEELER, JR. 1996. Adventive lady beetles (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) in the Canadian Maritime Provinces, with new eastern U.S. recordsof Harmonia quadripunctata. Entomol. News 107:290.
HAACK, R.A., J.F. CAVEY, E.R. HOEBEKE, and K.R. LAW. 1996. Anoplophora glabripennis: a new tree-infesting exotic cerambycid invades New York. Newsletter of the Mich. Entomol. Soc. 41(2-3):1-3.
HOEBEKE, E.R. and A.G. WHEELER, JR. In press. Trioza chenopodii Reuter: First North American record of an Old World psyllid (Homoptera: Psylloidea: Triozidae). Proc. Entomol. Soc. Wash.

Progress 01/01/95 to 12/30/95

Outputs
Immigrant insects form the most serious group of agricultural and forest pests in North America. Consequently, early detection of foreign species is of utmost importance in evaluating their pest status and in implementing control or eradication programs. Since colonial times, man's activities and commerce have greatly enhanced the passive, worldwide moverment of insects. In eastern North America, many of the most important pests are immigrants from Europe and Asia, principally because of the large volume of Eurasian-North American traffic. Nearly every year since 1978 and in collaboration with Dr. A. G. Wheeler, Jr. (Pennsylvania Dept. of Agriculture, Harrisburg, PA), a series of "detection" trips have been conducted in eastern North America to search for insects new to the Western Hemisphere, Canada, or the United States. Using socalled "biological bias," survey sampling and collecting concentrated on college and university campuses, in public gardens, and in other areas vulnerable to invasion by exotic species, particularly disturbed sites such as urban vacant lots near principal ports of entry. In 1995, as part of a continuing study of adventive insects in the Maritime Provinces of Canada (initiated in 1993), numerous insects were collected in Nova Scotia and Prince Edward Island, primarily by sweep-net sampling of herbaceous vegetation. 1995 collections yielded a number of interesting and first time records of immigrant species in the Canadian Maritimes, including the first North American c.

Impacts
(N/A)

Publications

HOEBEKE, E. R. and A. G. WHEELER, JR. 1994. Micropeza corrigiolata (L.), a Eurasian stilt-legged fly (Diptera: Micropezidae) new to North America: redescription, geographic distribution, and bionomics. Proc. Entomol. Soc. Wash. 96(3):466-47
WHEELER, A. G., JR. and E. R. HOEBEKE. 1994. First records from the Canadian Maritime Provinces of three European insects injurious to ornamental plants. Proc. Entomol. Soc. Wash. 96(4):749-756. HOEBEKE, E. R. 1995. Coprophilus striatulus (
HOEBEKE, E. R. 1995. Three Palearctic species of Rugilus Leach in North America (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae, Paederinae): redescriptions, new synonymy, and new records. Insecta Mundi 9(1-2):69-80.
HOEBEKE, E. R. and A. G. WHEELER, JR. In press. Pteromalus elevatus (Walker) (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae): North American records of an immigrant parasitoid of the gall fly Urophora jaceana (Diptera: Tephritidae). Proc. Entomol. Soc. Wash.
HOEBEKE, E. R. and A. G. WHEELER, JR. In press. Meligethes viridescens (F.) in Maine, Nova Scotia, and Prince Edward Island: diagnosis, distribution, and bionomics of a Palearctic nitidulid new to North America (Coleoptera). Proc. Entomol.