Progress 10/01/94 to 09/30/09
Outputs
OUTPUTS: We have organized 14 workshops for farm advisors, educators, utilities and public policy advisers on the topic of stray voltage/current and its effect on livestock. We have been founding members and participated in the New York State Stray Voltage Committee through out its existance. This committee have members from New York State electrical utilities, NYS Public Service Commission, NYS Ag and Markets, telecommunication industry, gas distribution companies, state regulatory agencies for cable TV and other utilities outside New York State. This committee has not been active in the last 2 years. This is due in part to the NYS Public Service Commission concern with issues of contact voltage at utility structures (electrical utility, light poles, traffic lights, down grounds) that can become electrically energized and which individuals may contact. We also continue to answer a variety of questions for New York State livestock operations with agricultural and companion animals concerning issues of stray voltage/current. We devleoped general guidelines for performing stray voltage/current investigations on livestock facilities and develop measurement techniques particularly with respect to dc currents. We also have provided advice to dairy farmers and others on mitigating procedures and the possible effects of electrical contact voltages on livestock. We also continue to review the scientific literature for new research on stray voltage techniques and effects on livestock. We are asked to review publications in these areas on occasion. PARTICIPANTS: New York State electrical utilities, NYS Public Service Commission, NYS Ag and Markets, telecommunication industry, gas distribution companies, state regulatory agencies for cable TV, other utilities outside New York State, operators of livestock and other animal facilities and researchers. TARGET AUDIENCES: New York State electrical utilities, NYS Public Service Commission, NYS Ag and Markets, telecommunication industry, gas distribution companies, state regulatory agencies for cable TV, other utilities outside New York State, operators of livestock and other animal facilities and researchers. PROJECT MODIFICATIONS: Nothing significant to report during this reporting period.
Impacts
Research has and will continue to provide the agricultural industries, particularly those involved with livestock, with data upon which to make decisions concerning animal contact voltage/currents, on how to test and on how and when to mitigate problems associated with animal contact voltages generated by neutral-to-earth voltages or other sources of voltages that can occur in livestock and other animal facilities.
Publications
- No publications reported this period
|
Progress 10/01/07 to 09/30/08
Outputs
OUTPUTS: PROGRESS: 2007/10 TO 2008/09 We continue to be available to organize workshops for farm advisors, educators, utilities and public policy advisers on the topic of stray voltage/current and its effect on livestock. We continue to participate in the New York State Stray Voltage Committee. This committee has members from New York State electrical utilities, NYS Public Service Commission, NYS Ag and Markets, telecommunication industry, gas distribution companies, state regulatory agencies for cable TV and other utilities outside New York State. This committee has not been active in the last year. This is due in part to the NYS Public Service Commission concern with issues of contact voltage at utility structures (electrical utility, light poles, traffic lights, down grounds) that can become electrically energized and which individuals may contact. We also continue to answer a variety of questions for New York State farmers concerning issues of stray voltage/current. We continue to examine general guidelines for performing stray voltage/current investigations on livestock facilities and develop measurement techniques particularly with respect to dc currents. We also continue to provide advice to dairy farmers and others on mitigating procedures and the possible effects of electrical contact voltages on livestock. We also continue to review the scientific literature for new research on stray voltage techniques and effects on livestock. We are asked to review publications in these areas on occasion. PARTICIPANTS: Nothing significant to report during this reporting period. TARGET AUDIENCES: Mnagers of dairy farms and other livestock facilities, electrical utilities, cable companies, telephone companies, gas distribution companies, veternarians PROJECT MODIFICATIONS: Nothing significant to report during this reporting period.
Impacts
Research has and will continue to provide the agricultural industries, particularly those involved with livestock, with data upon which to make decisions, on how to test and on how and when to mitigate problems associated with animal contact voltages generated by neutral-to-earth voltages or other sources of voltages that can occur on livestock facilities.
Publications
- No publications reported this period
|
Progress 10/01/06 to 09/30/07
Outputs
OUTPUTS: We continue to be available to organize workshops for farm advisors, educators, utilities and public policy advisers on the topic of stray voltage/current and its effect on livestock. We continue to participate in the New York State Stray Voltage Committee. This committee has members from New York State electrical utilities, NYS Public Service Commission, NYS Ag and Markets, telecommunication industry, gas distribution companies, state regulatory agencies for cable TV and other utilities outside New York State. This committee has not been active in the last year. Part of this has been that NYS Public Service Commission has asked electrical utilities to address issues of contact voltage at utility structures (electrical utility, light poles, traffic lights, down grounds) that can become electrically energized. We also continue to answer a variety of questions for New York State farmers concerning issues of stray voltage/current. We continue to modify general guidelines for
performing stray voltage/current investigations on livestock facilities and develop new measurement techniques particularly with respect to dc currents. We also continue to provide advice to dairy farmers and others on mitigating procedures and the possible effects of electrical contact voltages on livestock.
PARTICIPANTS: Daniel J. Aneshansley, Ronald C. Gorewit, New York State Stray Voltage Committee
TARGET AUDIENCES: managers of dairy and other livestock facilities, electrical utilities, cable companies, telephone companies, gas distribution companies, veternarians
Impacts
Research has and will continue to provide the agricultural industries, particularly those involved with livestock, with data upon which to make decisions, on how to test and on how and when to mitigate problems associated with animal contact voltages generated by neutral-to-earth voltages or other sources of voltages that can occur on livestock facilities
Publications
- No publications reported this period
|
Progress 01/01/06 to 12/31/06
Outputs
We continue to be available to organize workshops for farm advisors, educators, utilities and public policy advisers on the topic of stray voltage/current and its effect on livestock. We continue to participate in the New York State Stray Voltage Committee. This committee has members from New York State electrical utilities, NYS Public Service Commission, NYS Ag and Markets, telecommunication industry, gas distribution companies, state regulatory agencies for cable TV and other utilities outside New York State. This committee has become less active since it began to address issues of contact voltage at utility structures (electrical utility, light poles, traffic lights, down grounds) that can become electrically energized. We also answer a variety of questions for New York State farmers concerning issues of stray voltage/current that have involved corrosion, problem of associated with transmission line near dairy operations and issues of dc voltages. We continue to
modify general guidelines for performing stray voltage/current investigations on livestock facilities and develop new measurement techniques, particularly with respect to dc currents.
Impacts
Research has and will continue to provide the agricultural industries, particularly those involved with livestock, with data upon which to make decision, on how to test and on how and when to mitigate problems associated with animal contact voltages generated by neutral-to-earth voltages or other sources of voltages on utility structures.
Publications
- No publications reported this period
|
Progress 01/01/05 to 12/31/05
Outputs
We continue to assist in organizing conferences and workshop for farm advisors, educators, utilities and public policy advisors on the topic of stray voltage/current and its effect on livestock. We continue to participate in the New York State Stray Voltage Committee. This committee has members from New York State electrical utilities, NYS Public Service Commission, NYS Ag and Markets, telecommunication industry, gas distribution companies, state regulatory agencies for cable TV, and other utilities outside New York State. This committee meets two or three times a year. We provide information to this committee on our and others research related to the effects of electrical current on livestock and the means for mitigating the presence of contact voltages. This committee has begun to address issues of acceptable contact voltages for humans at utility structures (electrically utility, light poles, traffic lights, down grounds) that can become or are electrically
energized. This has been a matter before NYS PSC due to an electrocution in New York City. We are also contributing to the revision of a general publication produced by this committee that provides guidelines for performing a stray voltage investigation on livestock facilities. We were involved extensively in the 1st edition of this in 1996.
Impacts
Research has and will continue to provide the agricultural industries, particularly those involved with livestock, with data upon which to make decisions, on how to test and on how and when to mitigate problems associated with animal contact voltages generated by neutral-to-earth voltages or other sources of voltage. This background will be helpful in determine how to address the issue of contact voltages on utility structures that humans and possibly pets can come into contact.
Publications
- No publications reported this period
|
Progress 01/01/04 to 12/31/04
Outputs
We continue to assist in organizing conferences and workshop for farm advisors, educators, utilities and public policy advisors on the topic of stray voltage and farms with livestock. We continue publish material from previously funded research projects, provide advice to regulatory agencies and state organizations on the state of research and activities in the area often called 'Stray Voltage'. We continue membership in the New York State Stray Voltage Committee. This committee has members from New York State electrical utilities, NYS Public Service Commission, NYS Ag and Markets, telecommunication industry, gas distribution companies, state regulatory agencies for cable TV, and other utilities outside New York State. We provide information to this committee on research activities and activities inside and outside New York State.
Impacts
Research has and will continue to provide the agricultural industries, particularly those involved with livestock, with data upon which to make decisions on how to test and on how and when to mitigate problems associated with animal contact voltages generated by neutral-to-earth voltages or other sources of voltage.
Publications
- No publications reported this period
|
Progress 01/01/03 to 12/31/03
Outputs
I was a member of the planning committee for a conference on Stray Voltage and Dairy Farms which was held for farm advisors, educators, utilities and public policy advisors. The conference was held April 9-11, 2003 at Camp Hill PA. Our objective was to present research accomplished since the 1991 publication of Effects of Electrical Voltage/Current on Farm Animals: How to Detect and Remedy Problems, the most current USDA handbook on the topic. We continue membership in the New York State Stray Voltage Committee. This committee has members from New York State electrical utilities, NYS Public Service Commission, NYS Ag and Markets, telecommunication industry, gas distribution companies, state regulatory agencies for cable TV, and other utilities outside New York State. We provide information to this committee on research activities and activities outside New York State.
Impacts
Research has and will continue to provide dairy farmers, farm advisors, educators, utilities and public policy advisors data upon which to make decisions on how to test and on how and when to mitigate problems associated with animal contact voltages generated by neutral-to-earth voltages or other sources of voltages.
Publications
- Aneshansley, D.J. 2003. Stray Voltage Research at Cornell University. In Proceedings from Stray Voltage and Dairy Farms, Natural Resource, Agriculture, and Engineering Service (NRAES) Publication NRAES-149 (ISBN 0-935817089-1
|
Progress 01/01/02 to 12/31/02
Outputs
We have assisted in organizing a national conference for farm advisors, educators, utilities and public policy advisors on the topic of 'Stray Voltage and Dairy Farms.' This will be held April 9-11, 2003 at Camp Hill PA. Our objective is to present reserch accomplished since the 1991 publication of Effects of Electrical Voltage/Current on Farm Animals: How to Detect and Remedy Problems, the most current USDA handbook on the topic. We continue publish material from previously funded research projects, to provide advice to regulatory agencies and state organizations on the state of research and activities in the area often called 'Stray Voltage.' We published work on Interleukin-1 production by bovine blood monocytes when exposed to AC magnetic fields. We provided expert testimony to the Public Service Commission of Michigan in these matters. We continue membership in the New York State Stray Voltage Committee. This committee has members from New York State electrical
utilities, NYS Public Service Commission, NYS Ag and Markets, telecommunication industry, gas distribution companies, state regulatory agencies for cable TV, and other utilities outside New York State. We provide information to this committee on research activities and activities outside New York State.
Impacts
Research has and will continue to provide dairy farmers data upon which to make decisions on how to test and on how and when to mitigate problems associated with animal contact voltages generated by neutral-to-earth voltages or other sources of voltage.
Publications
- Gorewit, R.C. and D.J. Aneshansley. 2002. Effects of Magnetic Fields on Interleukin-1 Production by Bovine Blood Monocytes. Pakastan Jour. Animal and Veterinary Advances 1(2): (April-June) 2002.
|
Progress 01/01/01 to 12/31/01
Outputs
There is no internal or external funding for this project but we continue to work on publishing work from past funded research projects, provide advise to regulatory agencies and state organizations on the state of research and activities in the area often called "Stray Voltage". We continue membership in the New York State Stray Voltage Committee. This committee has members from New York State utilities, NYS Public Service Commission, NYS Ag and Markets, telecommunication industry, gas distribution companies, state regulatory agencies for cable TV, and other utilities outside New York State. We provide information to this committee on research activities and activities outside New York State.
Impacts
Research has and will continue to provide dairy farmers data upon which to make decisions on how to test and on how and when to mitigate problems associated with animal contact voltages generated by neutral-to-earth voltages or other sources of voltage.
Publications
- Aneshansley, D.J. 2001. Testimony to the Public Service Commission of Michigan concerning Item U-11684, Michigan's Attorney General's complaint against Consumer Energy Co. for using the earth to ground currents in its distribution system.
|
Progress 01/01/00 to 12/31/00
Outputs
There is no internal or external funding for this project but we continue to work on publishing work from past funded research projects, provide advise to regulatory agencies and state organizations on the state of research and activities in the area often called "Stray Voltage". Ms. Donna M. DeVito of the Office of Business Affairs, New York State Public Service Commission, Department of Public Services ask Dr. D.J. Aneshansley to investigate a "stray voltage" complaint by the Goodman brothers in Washington County NY. An investigation and comprehensive report was produced. We continue membership in the New York State Stray Voltage Committee. This committee has members from New York State utilities, NYS Public Service Commission, NYS Ag and Markets, telecommunication industry, gas distribution companies, state regulatory agencies for cable TV, and other utilities outside New York State. We provide information to this committee on research activities and activities
outside New York State. We have also been asked to provide an extension publication on stray voltage which we are preparing.
Impacts
Research has and will continue to provide dairy farmers data upon which to make decisions on how to test and on how and when to mitigate problems associated with animal contact voltages generated by neutral-to-earth voltages or other sources of voltage.
Publications
- No publications reported this period
|
Progress 01/01/99 to 12/31/99
Outputs
Sixteen lactating Holstein cows were exposed to either 0, 1, 2 or 4 Volts RMS . Eight cows were receiving bST and eight cows were bST free. All cows were exposed to Streptococcus uberis, as a post teat dip after milking. Milk production, feed and water intake, somatic cell counts and milk fat and protein percentages were compared between treatments. Milk samples were aseptically collected and cultured for bacteria. Voltages did not significantly influence any of the variables studied. We conclude that steady state voltages of up to 4V, applied to water bowls, for: 7days, do not promote clinical mastitis in dairy cattle predisposed to mastitis during or after direct exposure of live bacteria to teat ends The current sensitivity (ma-rms, ma-AC rms, ma-peak) of 16 lactating Holstein cows was determined for transient, momentary, steady state and combined voltages (AC with DC bias and 60 and 180 Hz voltages). The results for steady state, transient and momentary waveforms
are in agreement with previous results. The combined voltages indicate that Holstein cows are sensitive to peak-to-peak currents rather than rms or peak values.
Impacts
This research will provide dairy farmers data upon which to make decision on how to test and how and when to mitigate problems associated with animal contact voltages.
Publications
- Gorewit, R.C. and D.J. Aneshansley. 1999. Effects of Steady State Voltages on Mastitis. Presented at the 1999 ASAE/CSAE-SCGR Annual International Meeting, Paper No. 993151, ASAE 2950 Niles Rd. St. Joseph, MI 49085-9659.
- Aneshansley, D.J. and R.C. Gorewit. 1999. Sensitivity of Holsteins to 60 Hz and Other Waveforms present on Dairy Farms. Presented at the 1999 ASAE/CSAE-SCGR Annual International Meeting, Paper No. 993152, ASAE 2950 Niles Rd. St. Joseph, MI 49085-965
|
Progress 01/01/98 to 12/31/98
Outputs
The objectives of this project were:1) to examine short duration electrical activity on dairy farms to determine the characteristics of these events; 2) determine the impact of such events on dairy cows. Based upon measurements made on more than eight farms, three types of temporal events have been characterized and their sources identified. Steady state 60 Hz events are more than 1 second in duration and are due to the normal operation of equipment on the farms. Momentary 60 Hz events are more than one cycle (1/60 second) and less than 1 second in duration and are due to the current necessary to get a machine moving. Transient events are less than 1 cycle or 1/60 of a second and have frequency components that are higher than 60 Hz. Transient events are due to a wide variety of events, such as electric fence controllers and DC power supplies, particularly those associated with variable speed drives. Variable reactors being inductive have the lowest off-impedance at 60
Hz (typically 1-2K ohms), while electronic switches and varistors behave as capacitors and have relatively high off-impedances at 60 Hz (typically 100K ohms 10M ohms).Variable reactors, electronic switches and metal oxide varistors all have off-impedances that are capacitive at high frequency and decrease with increasing frequency. The turn-on characteristics of all the devices are very non-linear. The impedance of the device changes during every half cycle and varies non-linearly as the voltage reaches the threshold, or turn-on voltage, of the device. The threshold, or turn-on, voltage of the devices are different and vary from 10 to over 500 volts. EGS eliminated secondary neutral voltages but was the source of some momentary and transient events during its operation. The impedance of the cows as a function of frequency was also determined. This allowed the creation of an shunt impedance that represented the cow over the entire frequency range. A cows impedance can be modeled with a
circuit similar to a human model. A model, the Cornell Cow was used to simulate the impedance of the cow when making field measurements. The currents measured as cows removed their heads from the water bowl show the following: 1) For frequencies from 60 Hz to 30 KHz currents increase with frequency, demonstrating a decrease in sensitivity as frequency increases; 2) The combination of DC and AC (60hz) signals does not have an additive effect; 3) currents of multiple frequencies appears to be additive with respect to RMS values and not peak values; 4) Cows are less sensitive to 60 Hz momentaries that are less than .5 seconds; 5) Transient stimuli tend to require more current the shorter the duration of the event; 6) No difference was found in cows on BST, in terms of impedance or sensitivity; 7) Some differences in sensitivity were found between first calf heifers and 2nd 5th lactation cows.
Impacts
(N/A)
Publications
- R.C. Gorewit and D.J. Aneshansley. 1998. AC Voltage as a Stressor in Promoting Clinical Mastitis in Dairy Cows. Abstract presented at the Conference on Animal Stresses at UC Davis, Aug. 1998. Daniel J. Aneshansley
|
Progress 01/01/97 to 12/31/97
Outputs
Procedures, previously developed for measurements of transients (defined as less than 1/60 of a second), have been expanded to include measurements of momentaries (defined as between 1/60 and 1 second in duration). Oscillographic recordings of the neutral-to-earth voltages at the primary, secondary points, animal contact points have been made by triggering the scopes off the line currents (total farm current, secondary panel current or device current). Field studies have shown two types of transients, which are due to contact or contactor closure and electric fences. Steady state voltages at 60 Hz and 60Hz combined with dc voltages were analyzed. The addition of a dc voltage to a 60 Hz signal did not have any effect on the sensitivity of the cow to 60 Hz signals. Aversive behaviors occurred at the same AC amplitude independent of the added dc bias. Cows predisposed to mastitis have been exposed to voltage between a water bowl and their rear hooves. Analysis of blood
samples include clinical panels on metabolites as well as determination of levels of blood cortisol (a stress hormone) and antibody levels as an indicator of immune response. Microbiological analysis of milk is providing somatic cell counts, fat and protein content and is being used to determine the type of organism or bacteria that individual cows are carrying. These studies will be continued into 1998.
Impacts
(N/A)
Publications
- ANESHANSLEY, D.J., PELLERIN, R.A., SOUTHWICH, L., LUDINGTON, D.C,. GOREWIT, D.C. 1997. Aversive Response of Dairy Cows to Voltages/ Currents on Waterers at Frequencies of 60Hz and above. ASAE Paper No. 973109, ASAE, St. Joseph, MI. pp 8.
- GOREWIT, R.C. and ANESHANSLEY, D.J.. 1997. Effects of Steady State Voltages on Holstein Cows with Histories of Subclinical and Clinical Mastitis. ASAE Paper No. 973110, ASAE, St. Joseph, MI. pp 10.
- ANESHANSLEY, D.J., PELLERIN, R.A., SOUTHWICH, L., and LUDINGTON, D.C. 1997. Short Duration electrical Events Associated with Neutral-to-Earth Voltages on Dairy Farms. ASAE Paper No. 973112,
|
Progress 01/01/96 to 12/30/96
Outputs
The development of instrumentation, continues as does the selection and monitoring of 8 dairy farms. The evaluation of mitigating devices has included metal oxide varistors as well as the saturable reactors and electronic switches. Test procedures and instrumentation for evaluation short duration electrical events have been made. The determination of the sensitivity of 8 BST and 8 non- BST cows to 60Hz - 30Khz signals, has been completed. Preliminary analysis indicate that aversion to the drinking occurs at approximately 4, 7, 30, and 120 mA for 60, 600, 6000 and 30,000 Hz signals. Sensitivity to typical transients, has been begun with 4 cow tested for response to 2-4 microsecond and 100 microsecond pulses. Cow stop drinking at approximately 100-200 ma peak for 100 microsecond pulses and approximately 1000 - 2000 ma peak for 2-4 microsecond pulses. Single pulses are applied while the cows are drinking. Instrumentation techniques that are relevant to events that need
to be measured continue to be developed. Our field studies that shown two types of transients, one that appears to be related to contact or contactor closure (100 Mhz range) and another that is related to electric fencers (10 Khz range). Furthermore, it is becoming evident that the monentaries (i.e. motor starts) are going to become a more relevant issue and the evaluation of instrumentation and/or the development of instrumentation to accurately detect these events is going to be important.
Impacts
(N/A)
Publications
- Daniel M. Jenkins, 1996. Characterization of Voltage Suppression Devices: Mitigation of Voltage and Current from Primary to Secondary Transformer Neutrals, Daniel M. Jenkins, Master of Engineering Report.
- Stringfellow, M.F., D.J. Aneshansley and T.C. Surbrook. 1996. Measuring Short-Duration Animal Contact Voltages and Currents. ASAE Paper No. 963085. ASAE, St. Joseph, MI 49085-9659.
|
Progress 01/01/95 to 12/30/95
Outputs
The current objectives of this project are to measure the characteristics of short-duration electrical phenomena that occur on dairy farms at animal-contact points and to examine the effects of mitigating devices on short duration electrical events, to determine the effect of short duration electrical phenomena on dairy cows, to examine the combined effect of contact voltage and predisposition to mastitis on dairy cows. A procedure for measuring transients at cow contact has been developed in collaboration with PowerCET and Consumer's Power. This procedure has been tested. The impedance of neutral isolators (saturable reactors, electronic switches, metal oxide varistors, and air gap devices) have been determined from 30 Hz to 100 Khz. continued to be tested over a wide range of frequency. Both BST and non-BST cows have been tested for drinking aversion to electrical current at 60 Hz to 30 Khz. Complex impedance of cows has been measured between 30 Hz and 60 Khz.
Impacts
(N/A)
Publications
- Aneshansley, D.J., J.A. Throop, R.A. Pellerin and D.C. Ludington. 1995. Holstein Cow Impedance from Muzzle to Front, Rear and all Hooves. Paper No. 953621. pp 18. ASAE, St. Joseph, MI.
- Jenkins, D., Aneshansley, D.J., J.A. Throop, R.A. Pellerin, D.C. Ludington. 1995. Dynamic Response of Ground Isolation Devices used on Livestock Facilities. Paper No. 953622. pp. 16. ASAE, St. Joseph, MI.
|
|