Source: VIRGINIA POLYTECHNIC INSTITUTE submitted to NRP
DEVELOPMENT AND EVALUATION OF DISEASE RESISTANT NICOTIANA TABACUM GERMPLASM
Sponsoring Institution
State Agricultural Experiment Station
Project Status
COMPLETE
Funding Source
STATE
Reporting Frequency
Annual
Accession No.
0165932
Grant No.
(N/A)
Cumulative Award Amt.
(N/A)
Proposal No.
(N/A)
Multistate No.
(N/A)
Project Start Date
Aug 1, 1999
Project End Date
Jul 31, 2005
Grant Year
(N/A)
Program Code
[(N/A)]- (N/A)
Recipient Organization
VIRGINIA POLYTECHNIC INSTITUTE
(N/A)
BLACKSBURG,VA 24061
Performing Department
SOUTHERN PIEDMONT AGRI RES AND EXT CENTER
Non Technical Summary
Growing plants that are susceptible to disease results in reduced yields, reduced profits for the grower, and increased pesticide use. The purpose of this project is to identify and incorporate new sources of resistance to tobacco cyst nematode and tobacco mosaic virus.
Animal Health Component
50%
Research Effort Categories
Basic
40%
Applied
50%
Developmental
10%
Classification

Knowledge Area (KA)Subject of Investigation (SOI)Field of Science (FOS)Percent
2011910108080%
2021920108010%
2021999108010%
Knowledge Area
202 - Plant Genetic Resources; 201 - Plant Genome, Genetics, and Genetic Mechanisms;

Subject Of Investigation
1999 - Tobacco, general/other; 1910 - Flue-cured tobacco; 1920 - Burley tobacco;

Field Of Science
1080 - Genetics;
Goals / Objectives
The objectives of the program are to develop and evaluate superior tobacco germplasm for desirable quality, disease resistance, and other physical and chemical characteristics. Additional objectives include determining the inheritance of resistance to the tobacco cyst nematode and tobacco mosaic virus.
Project Methods
The level of resistance in accessions will be evaluated in naturally infested fields or in the greenhouse. Advanced breeding lines will be evaluated for yield and quality in replicated field trials. Greenhouse experiments will be conducted to evaluate inheritance of resistance.

Progress 08/01/99 to 07/31/05

Outputs
One flue-cured, VA 119, and two dark fire-cured, VA 355 and VA 359, tobacco cultivars have been released. VA 119 is a high yielding tobacco with high quality cured leaf in all stalk positions. It ripens fast, cures easily, and handles well. It has a low level of resistance to black shank and Granville wilt. VA 355 and VA 359 were released because of their improved black shank resistance. VA 359 has a 56-percent greater level of black shank resistance compared to widely used cultivars and has good yield and quality. VA 355 has a 61-percent greater level of black shank resistance compared to widely grown cultivars. However, yields of VA 355 are about 170 kg/ha lower than widely grown cultivars. Tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) reduces yield and quality of all commercially grown tobacco and is worldwide in distribution. Inheritance of resistance in two tobacco introductions (TI) was determined in greenhouse tests. A single dominant gene confers TMV resistance in TI 1473 and TI 1504. The single dominant gene in TI 1473 is allelic to the N gene conferring TMV resistance in NC 567. However, the single dominant gene in TI 1504 is not allelic to the N gene which means TI 1504 could be a potential new source of TMV resistance. Seed transmission of TMV to 14-day-old flue-cured tobacco seedlings has been demonstrated in growth chamber and greenhouse tests. Seed transmission occurs when both pelleted and raw seed are used. Also, seed transmission of TMV has been observed when seed were sown on blotter paper, vermiculite, soilless media, field soil, or steam sterilized soil.

Impacts
Development and use of disease resistant cultivars will reduce pesticide use, improve water quality, and increase economic returns to the grower.

Publications

  • Bagley, C. A. 2001. Controlling tobacco mosaic virus in tobacco through resistance. MS thesis. Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia.
  • Clarke, J. J., Reed, T. D., Wilkinson, C. A. 2001-2002. Development of a greenhouse tobacco seedling performance index. Tob. Sci. 45:49-55.
  • Crowder, B. J. 2000. Inheritance of resistance to tobacco cyst nematode Globodera tabacum solanacearum. MS thesis. Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia.
  • Wilkinson, C. A. 2005. Flue-cured tobacco production guide. Variety selection. Publ. 436-048, p. 1-4.
  • Wilkinson, C. A., Reed, T. D., and Tilson, W. M. 2006. Registration of VA 119 tobacco. Crop Sci. 46:(in press).


Progress 10/01/03 to 09/30/04

Outputs
Tobacco mosaic virus (TMV: Genus Tobamovirus) occurs worldwide. TMV is seedborne but has traditionally not been considered seed transmitted because mosaic symptoms are not visible on seedlings. Seed was collected from TMV infected and noninfected K 326 flue-cured tobacco plants. Seed collected from the TMV infected plants were nonpelleted (raw) or pelleted with either a split or melt away coat. Eight growth chamber experiments were conducted in a randomized complete block design with five replications. Seeds were germinated at 22 degrees Celsius with continuous light. Six greenhouse tests were conducted in a randomized complete block design with four replications. Seedlings were separated from seed coats 14d after seeding and tested for TMV by using an enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) test. Seed coat and seedling samples from noninfected K 326 seed from all tests were negative. All seed coat samples from raw seed collected from TMV infected K 326 were positive ranging from 100 percent to 96 percent. Split coats ranged from 96 percent to 87 percent, and melt coats ranged from 73 percent to 100 percent. The 6276 seed coats tested demonstrate that the virus is present in the seed coat. The positive seedlings ranged from 77 percent to 20 percent for nonpelleted, 23 percent to 2 percent for split and 34 percent to 4 percent for melt away coats. Greenhouse tests seedlings ranged from 16 percent to 0 percent for nonpelleted, 1 percent remained constant for split, and 2 percent remained constant for melt coats. Seed coat values ranged from 17 percent for nonpelleted to 42 percent for split. The 6923 seedling samples tested demonstrate transmission for seedlings is lower in pelleted seeds when compared to raw seed. Our results successfully demonstrated seed transmission of TMV to 14-d-old flue-cured tobacco seedlings.

Impacts
Development and use of disease resistant cultivars will reduce pesticide use, improve water quality, and increase economic returns to the grower.

Publications

  • Clarke, J. J., Reed, T. D., Wilkinson, C. A. 2003. Development of a greenhouse tobacco seedling performance index. Tob. Sci. 47:(in press).
  • Wilkinson, C. A. 2003. Flue-cured tobacco production guide. Variety selection. Publ. 436-048, p. 1-4.
  • Wilkinson, C. A., Reed, T. D., Johnson, C. S. 2004. Virginia dark-fired tobacco variety information for 2004. Virginia Coop. Ext. Publ. 436-418.
  • Wilkinson, C. A., Reed, T. D., Johnson, C. S., Jones, J. L. 2003. Flue-cured tobacco variety information for 2004. Virginia Coop. Ext. Publ. 436-047.


Progress 10/01/02 to 09/30/03

Outputs
A new flue-cured tobacco cultivar, VA 119, was approved for release by the Virginia Agricultural Experiment Station. VA 119 is a high yielding tobacco with high quality cured leaf in all stalk positions. It ripens fast, cures easily, and handles well. VA 119 has a low level of resistance to black shank and Granville wilt. Growth chamber and greenhouse experiments have demonstrated seed transmission of tobacco mosaic virus (TMV). All classes of tobacco are susceptible to TMV which is found worldwide. TMV infected plants have reduced yield and quality. Seed transmission of TMV occurs with both coated and uncoated seed. Additional experiments indicate TMV seed transmission occurs regardless of whether the seed is sown on soilless media, vermiculite, field soil, or steam sterilized field soil. Preliminary tests indicate TMV is present in the seed coat of every seed collected from TMV infected K 326, a TMV susceptible flue-cured tobacco cultivar.

Impacts
Development and use of disease resistant cultivars will reduce pesticide use, improve water quality, and increase economic returns to the grower.

Publications

  • Clarke, J. J., T. D. Reed, C. A. Wilkinson. 2002. Development of a greenhouse tobacco seedling performance index. Tob. Sci. 46:(in press).
  • Crowder, B. J., C. A. Wilkinson, C. S. Johnson, J. D. Eisenback. 2003. Inheritance of resistance to tobacco cyst nematode in flue-cured tobacco. Crop Sci. 43:1305-1312.
  • Peek, D. R., C. A. Wilkinson, T. D. Reed, C. S. Johnson. 2003. Burley tobacco variety information for 2003. Virginia Coop. Ext. Publ. 436-417.
  • Wilkinson, C. A., T. D. Reed, C. S. Johnson. 2003. Virginia dark-fired tobacco variety information for 2003. Virginia Coop. Ext. Publ. 436-418.
  • Wilkinson, C. A., T. D. Reed, C. S. Johnson, J. L. Jones. 2002. Flue-cured tobacco variety information for 2003. Virginia Coop. Ext. Publ. 436-047.


Progress 10/01/01 to 09/30/02

Outputs
Tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) is worldwide in distribution. It reduces yield and quality of all commercially grown tobacco. A field study was conducted to evaluate TMV movement in flue-cured tobacco. A TMV susceptible inbred (K 326), a resistant inbred (NC 567), and three resistant hybrids (NC 297, RGH4, and Speight H20) were inoculated with TMV at transplanting, layby, and topping using different inoculation methods. Viral movement into all plant parts of K 326 was observed. No systemic necrosis was observed in NC 567. Some systemic necrosis was observed in each of three flue-cured tobacco hybrids with TMV resistance. TMV was detected in the roots of the TMV resistant hybrids at the end of the growing season. Preliminary growth chamber and greenhouse experiments are being conducted on seed transmission of TMV. Virus is present in at least one of twenty seed coats of seed collected from TMV infected K 326. TMV has occasionally been detected in seedlings in the two to three-leaf stage.

Impacts
Development and use of disease resistant cultivars will reduce pesticide use, improve water quality, and increase economic returns to the grower.

Publications

  • Bagley, C. A., C. A. Wilkinson, S. A. Tolin. 2001. New sources of tobacco mosaic virus resistance. In 2001 Agronomy abstracts. ASA, Madison, WI.
  • Peek, D. R., C. A. Wilkinson, T. D. Reed, C. S. Johnson. 2002. Burley tobacco variety information for 2002. Virginia Coop. Ext. Publ. 436-417.
  • Wilkinson, C. A., T. D. Reed, C. S. Johnson, J. L. Jones. 2002. Virginia dark-fired tobacco variety information for 2002. Virginia Coop. Ext. Publ. 436-418.
  • Wilkinson, C. A., T. D. Reed, C. S. Johnson, J. L. Jones. 2002. Flue-cured tobacco variety information for 2002. Virginia Coop. Ext. Publ. 436-047.


Progress 10/01/00 to 09/30/01

Outputs
Tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) reduces yield and quality of all commercially grown tobacco and is worldwide in distribution. Greenhouse experiments were conducted to determine the inheritance of TMV resistance in two tobacco introductions (TI 1473 and TI 1504) and to determine if the gene conferring TMV resistance in these tobacco introductions is allelic to the single dominant gene conferring TMV resistance in NC 567. A single dominant gene in TI 1473 confers TMV resistance. The single dominant gene in TI 1473 is allelic to the N gene conferring TMV resistance in NC 567. A single dominant gene that is not allelic to the gene conferring resistance in NC 567 is also present in TI 1504. TI 1504 is a potential new source of TMV resistance. A preliminary field study was conducted to evaluate TMV movement in flue-cured tobacco inbreds and hybrids after different inoculation methods throughout the growing season. Plants were inoculated at transplanting, layby, and topping. No systemic necrosis was observed in NC 567, a flue-cured tobacco inbred cultivar. Some systemic necrosis was observed in each of three flue-cured tobacco hybrids (NC 297, Speight H20, and RGH4) with TMV resistance.

Impacts
Development and use of disease resistant cultivars will reduce pesticide use, improve water quality, and increase economic returns to the grower.

Publications

  • Peek, D. R., C. A. Wilkinson, T. D. Reed, C. S. Johnson. 2001. Burley tobacco variety information for 2001. Virginia Coop. Ext. Publ. 436-417.
  • Wilkinson, C. A., T. D. Reed, C. S. Johnson, J. L. Jones. 2001. Virginia dark-fired tobacco variety information for 2001. Virginia Coop. Ext. Publ. 436-418.
  • Wilkinson, C. A., T. D. Reed, C. S. Johnson, J. L. Jones. 2001. Flue-cured tobacco variety information for 2001. Virginia Coop. Ext. Publ. 436-047.


Progress 10/01/99 to 09/29/00

Outputs
Tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) is the most widespread virus of tobacco. Greenhouse experiments were conducted to determine the inheritance of TMV resistance in two tobacco introductions (TI 1473 and TI 1504) and to determine if the gene conferring TMV resistance in these tobacco introductions is allelic to the single dominant gene conferring TMV resistance in NC 567. A single dominant gene in TI 1473 confers tobacco mosaic virus resistance. The single dominant gene in TI 1473 is allelic to the N gene conferring TMV resistance in NC 567. Preliminary data suggests a single dominant gene that is not allelic to the gene conferring resistance in NC 567 is also present in TI 1504. Tobacco cyst nematode (TCN) is a serious pathogen of flue-cured tobacco. Inheritance of TCN resistance was evaluated in Coker 371 Gold and Kutsaga 110. F1 progeny were more similar to the resistant parent than the midparent value indicating the importance of partial dominance effects in the inheritance of TCN resistance. Preliminary data from greenhouse experiments suggests additive and dominance genetic effects are equally important.

Impacts
Development and use of disease resistant cultivars will reduce pesticide use, improve water quality, and increase economic returns to the grower.

Publications

  • Rideout, S. L., C. S. Johnson, J. D. Eisenback, C. A. Wilkinson. 2000. Development of selected tobacco cyst nematode isolates on resistant and susceptible cultivars of flue-cured tobacco. Journal of Nematology. 32:62-69.
  • Wilkinson, C. A., D. R. Peek, T. D. Reed, C. S. Johnson. 2000. Burley tobacco variety information for 2000. Virginia Coop. Ext. Publ. 436-417.
  • Wilkinson, C. A., T. D. Reed, C. S. Johnson, J. L. Jones. 2000. Virginia dark-fired tobacco variety information for 2000. Virginia Coop. Ext. Publ. 436-418.
  • Wilkinson, C.A., T. D. Reed, C. S. Johnson, J. L. Jones. 1999. Flue-cured tobacco variety information for 2000. Virginia Coop. Ext. Publ. 436-047.


Progress 10/01/98 to 09/30/99

Outputs
Tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) is the most widespread virus of tobacco. Greenhouse experiments were conducted to determine the inheritance of TMV resistance in three tobacco introductions (TI 1459, TI 1462, and TI 1500) and to determine if the gene conferring TMV resistance in these tobacco introductions is allelic to the single dominant gene conferring TMV resistance in NC 567. A single dominant gene in TI 1459 and TI 1462 confers tobacco mosaic virus resistance. This single dominant gene is allelic to the gene conferring resistance in NC 567. Preliminary data suggests a single dominant gene that is not allelic to the gene conferring resistance in NC 567 is also present in TI 1500. Two dark fire-cured tobacco cultivars, VA 355 and VA 359, were released. VA 355 was released because of its improved resistance to race 0 and race 1 black shank, Phytophthora nicotianae parasitica. Average yields of VA 355 are 170 kg/ha less than the most widely grown dark fire-cured tobacco cultivars. All other agronomic characteristics are similar to currently grown dark fire-cured tobacco cultivars. VA 359 was released because of its improved resistance to race 0 black shank and its good yield and quality characteristics. Yield, quality, and other agronomic characteristics of VA 359 are similar to the most widely grown dark fire-cured tobacco cultivars.

Impacts
Use of disease resistant cultivars will reduce pesticide use, improve water quality, and increase economic returns to the grower.

Publications

  • MANSFIELD, K.M. 1999. Inheritance of resistance to tobacco mosaic virus tobacco introductions. M.S. thesis. Virginia Polytechnic Inst. and State Univ., Blacksburg.
  • WILKINSON, C.A., JOHNSON, C.S., REED, T.D. 1999. Registration of 'VA 355' fire-cured tobacco. Crop Science. 39:291.
  • WILKINSON, C.A., JOHNSON, C.S., REED, T.D. 1999. Registration of 'VA 359' fire-cured tobacco. Crop Science. 39:291.
  • WILKINSON, C.A., REED, T.D., JOHNSON, C.S. 1999. Burley tobacco variety information for 1999. Virginia Coop. Ext. Publ. 436-417.
  • WILKINSON, C.A., REED, T.D., JOHNSON, C.S., JONES, J.L. 1998. Flue-cured tobacco variety information for 1999. Virginia Coop. Ext. Publ. 436-047.


Progress 10/01/97 to 09/30/98

Outputs
Two dark fire-cured tobacco cultivars, VA 355 and VA 359, were released. VA 355 was released because of its improved resistance to race 0 and race 1 black shank, Phytophthora nicotianae parasitica. Average yields of VA 355 are 170 kg/ha less than the most widely grown dark fire-cured tobacco cultivars. All other agronomic characteristics are similar to currently grown dark fire-cured tobacco cultivars. VA 359 was released because of its improved resistance to race 0 black shank and its good yield and quality characteristics. Yield, quality, and other agronomic characteristics of VA 359 are similar to the most widely grown dark fire-cured tobacco cultivars. Use of disease resistant cultivars will reduce pesticide use, improve water quality, and increase economic returns to the grower. Tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) is the most widespread virus of tobacco. Greenhouse experiments were conducted to determine the inheritance of TMV resistance in two tobacco introductions (TI 1459 and TI 1462) and to determine if the gene conferring TMV resistance in these tobacco introductions is allelic to the single dominant gene conferring TMV resistance in NC 567. A single dominant gene in TI 1459 and TI 1462 confers tobacco mosaic virus resistance. This single dominant gene is allelic to the gene conferring resistance in NC 567.

Impacts
(N/A)

Publications

  • Wilkinson, C.A., Johnson, C.S., and Reed, T.D. 1999. Registration of 'VA 359' fire-cured tobacco. Crop Science. (In press).
  • Wilkinson, C.A., Reed, T.D., and Johnson, C.S. 1998. Burley tobacco variety information for 1998. Virginia Coop. Ext. Publ. 436-417.
  • Wilkinson, C.A., Reed, T.D., and Johnson, C.S. 1998. Virginia dark-fired tobacco variety information for 1998. Virginia Coop. Ext. Publ. 436-418.
  • Reed, T.D., Wilkinson, C.A., Jones, J.L., and Johnson, C.S. 1997. Flue-cured tobacco variety information for 1998. Virginia Coop. Ext. Publ. 436-047.
  • Wilkinson, C.A., Johnson, C.S., and Reed, T.D. 1999. Registration of 'VA 355' fire-cured tobacco. Crop Science. (In press).


Progress 10/01/96 to 09/30/97

Outputs
Tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) is the most widespread virus of tobacco. A single dominant gene conferring resistance to TMV was transferred in the late 1930s from Nicotiana glutinosa to Nicotiana tabacum. Many burley tobacco cultivars are resistant to TMV but few flue-cured cultivars (NC 567 and C 176) have TMV resistance. Identification of new sources of TMV resistance would be useful in the development of TMV resistant flue-cured tobacco cultivars. Three tobacco introductions (TI), TI 1459, TI 1462, and TI 1500, were previously identified as expressing the local lesion reaction when inoculated with TMV. Greenhouse experiments were conducted to determine if the gene conferring TMV resistance in these tobacco introductions is allelic to the gene conferring TMV resistance in NC 567. All F1 progeny expressed the local lesion reaction when each tobacco introduction was crossed with either K 326, a TMV susceptible cultivar, or NC 567. F2 and F3 populations are currently being evaluated.

Impacts
(N/A)

Publications

  • HAYES, A. J., WILKINSON, C. A., and JOHNSON, C. S. 1997. Evaluation of tobacco accessions for resistance to tobacco cyst nematode and wildfire. Crop Science, 37:586-591.
  • JONES, J. L. and WILKINSON, C. A. 1996. Fifty years of agronomic achievement in tobacco science. Recent Advances in Tobacco Science, 22:61-130.
  • REED, T. D., WILKINSON, C. A., JONES, J. L., and JOHNSON, C. S. 1996. Flue-cured tobacco variety information for 1997. Virginia Coop. Ext. Publ. 436-047
  • WILKINSON, C. A., REED, T. D., and JOHNSON, C. S. 1997. Burley tobacco variety information for 1997. Virginia Coop. Ext. Publ. 436-417.
  • WILKINSON, C. A., REED, T. D., and JOHNSON, C. S. 1997. Virginia dark-fired tobacco variety information for 1997. Virginia Coop. Ext. Publ. 436-418.


Progress 10/01/95 to 09/30/96

Outputs
Twenty-one accessions were identified, from greenhouse experiments, with resistance to the tobacco cyst nematode (Globodera tabacum solanacearum) including PD 4, Kutsaga Mammoth 10, NC 567, Sp. G-80, VA 81, Burley 49, Burley 64, Burley 21, TN 90, MD 40, Pennlan, Pennbell 69, TI 1625, TI 1597, N. longiflora, N. noctiflora, N. plumbaginifolia, N. repanda, N. alata, N. miersii, and N. cordifolia. A diallel study was conducted with a subset of these accessions to help elucidate the genetics of resistance to the tobacco cyst nematode (TCN). Parental selfs and F1 hybrids were evaluated for nematode reproduction under greenhouse conditions. Significant differences were observed among parents and crosses. Significant general combining ability effects were observed, accounting for the majority of the variation among crosses. No significant dominance or heterotic effects were observed indicating evaluation of parental performance should be sufficient for the development of new cultivars. Burley 64, Kutsaga 110, and TI 1597 would significantly contribute to increased resistance to TCN.

Impacts
(N/A)

Publications

  • HAYES, A. J.. and WILKINSON, C. A.. and JOHNSON, C.
  • S., 1995, Diallel analysis of eight tobacco accessions for resistance to tobacco cyst nematode., Tobacco Science. 39:121-124.
  • HAYES, A. J.. and WILKINSON, C. A.. and JOHNSON, C.
  • S., 1997, Evaluation of tobacco accessions for resistance to tobacco cyst nematode and wildfire., Crop Science. 37:(In Press).
  • WILKINSON, C. A.. and HAYES, A. J.. and JOHNSON, C.
  • S., 1995, New sources of resistance to the tobacco cyst nematode., 1995 CORESTA Congress Information Bulletin, Oxford, England, p. 37.
  • REED, T. D.. and WILKINSON, C. A.. and JONES, J. L.. and JOHNSON, C.
  • S., 1995, Flue-cured tobacco variety information for 1996., Virginia Coop. Ext. Publ. 436-047.
  • WILKINSON, C. A.. and REED, T. D.. and JOHNSON, C.
  • S., 1996, Burley tobacco variety information for 1996., Virginia Coop. Ext. Publ. 436-417.


Progress 01/01/94 to 09/30/95

Outputs
Greenhouse experiments were conducted to identify new sources of resistance to the tobacco cyst nematode (TCN) and evaluate the possible association between resistance to TCN and wildfire. One hundred twenty-eight lines representing a diverse geographic array of tobacco accessions, including cultivars from several types of tobacco, flue-cured-type tobacco introductions, and wild Nicotiana species were evaluated for resistance to TCN (Globodera tabacum solanacearum) and wildfire (Pseudomonas syringae tabaci). Twenty-one accessions were identified with resistance to the tobacco cyst nematode including PD 4, Kutsaga Mammoth 10, NC 567, Sp. G-80, VA 81, Burley 49, Burley 64, Burley 21, TN 90, MD 40, Pennlan, Pennbell 69, TI 1625, TI 1597, N. longiflora, N. noctiflora, N. plumbaginifolia, N. repanda, N. alata, N. miersii, and N. cordifolia. Although response to these two pathogens was highly correlated, there was no relationship between resistance to the two pathogens for several accessions. Therefore, evaluation of accessions for wildfire resistance would not be a reliable screening method for identifying accessions with resistance to TCN.

Impacts
(N/A)

Publications