BOONE & CROCKETT WILDLIFE CONSERVATION PROGRAM

Knowledge Area (KA)	Subject of Investigation (SOI)	Field of Science (FOS)	Percent
131	0199	1070	14%
131	0399	1070	14%
131	0499	1070	14%
131	0699	1070	14%
131	0799	1070	14%
131	0899	1070	16%
131	0899	3020	14%

Progress 01/01/05 to 12/31/05

Outputs
This program deals with conservation education at the Theodore Roosevelt Memorial Ranch in northeastern Montana and continued development and application of education modules for integrating ecosystem management into environmental education. The program also sponsors, co-sponsers, and provides facilities and/or advisors for a variety of research projects. The following graduate student research efforts were completed in 2005: The Role of Predators in the Population Dynamics of a Central Montana Elk Herd (Jared Raithal, M.S.); Evaluating the Consequences of Public Land Grazing Buyout Programs (Mark Steinbach, Ph.D); Comparisons of the Success of Varying Approaches to Grass Banking (Stephanie Gripne, Ph.D); Testing of the Indicatior Species Approach to Habitat Evaluation (A. J. Kroll, Ph.D). Ongoing research efforts include: Evaluaitng of State and Forest Service Responses to the Bitterroot Fires of the Year 2000 (Alex Sienkiewicz, Ph.D); Development of a Technique for Evaluating Live Larch Trees as Habitat for Cavity Nesting Birds (Angela Daenzer, M.S.); and Development of Forest Management Plans for Small Landowners to Include Wildlife Objectives (Richard Brisking, M.S.).

Impacts
The results of the completed investigations and projects will provide insights and guidance to land managers, elected officials, and others in making decisions relative to the sustained management of natural resources.

Publications

Thomas, Jack Ward, James G. Teer, and Robert D. Brown. 2005. Conservation Compass: Cloning is a step too far. Bugle 22(7):65. Thomas, Jack Ward. 2005. Conservation Compass: B&C and the Forest Service - Together since the beginning. Fair Chase 20(1):15. Thomas, Jack Ward. 2005. Boone and Crockett Club Professorships: A bridge to the future. IN Records of North American big game. Edited by: Jack Reneau and Eldon L. Buckner. Boone and Crockett Club, Missoula, Montana pp. 10-12. Thomas, Jack Ward. 2005. Foreword: The Starkey Project - In the beginning. IN The Starkey Project: A synthesis of long term studies of elk and mule deer. Edited by Michael J. Wisdom. Alliance Communications Group, Lawrence, Kansas. Pp. 58-66. Wisdom, Michael J., Norman J. Cimon, Bruce K. Johnson, Edward O. Garton, and Jack Ward Thomas. 2005. Spatial partitioning by mule deer and elk in relation to traffic. IN The Starkey Project: A synthesis of long term studies of elk and mule deer. Edited by Michael J. Wisdom. Alliance Commun

Progress 01/01/04 to 12/30/04

Outputs
The program is actively involved in conservation education with the Theodore Roosevelt Memorial Ranch and continues development and application of educational modules for integrating ecosystem concepts into environmental education. The program also sponsors, co-sponsors, and provides facilities or advisors for a variety of research projects. Three projects were completed during 2004. Territory Size as an Indicator of Habitat Quality and Fitness. Andrew Kroll PhD. The effort produced techniques that can be applied to the assessment of habitat quality. Sage Grouse/Habitat Relationships in Eastern Montana. Brendan Monyhan, PhD. The effort produced improved understanding of the relationships between habitat variable and climatic factors in sage grouse use of habitats and population dynamics. Cause Specific Mortality of Neonatal Desert Bighorn Sheep Lambs on the Fra Cristobal Mountains in South Central New Mexico. Zach Parson, M.S. Specific causes of mortality in bighorn sheep lambs were described. Four projects are anticipated to be completed during 2005. The Role of Predators in the Population Dynamics of a Central Montana Elk Herd. Jarod Raithel, M.S. Evaluating the Consequences of Public Lands Forest Grazing Permit Buyout Program, Permit Reductions, and Increased Fees on Private Land Ownership Patterns and Open Space in the Western States. Mark Steinbach, PhD. Comparison of the Success of Grassbanks. Stephanie Gripne, PhD. Comparison of the Management Reactions of the USDA Forest Service and the State of Montana to the Fires of 2000 in the Bitterroots. Alex Sienkiewicz, PhD. Development of a Technique for Judging the Suitability of Live Larch as Potential Nest Sites for Woodpeckers. Angela Daenzer, M.S. One project is anticipated to be completed in early 2006. Expanding the Conservation Education Program Developed at the Theodore Roosevelt Ranch to a National Scale. Lisa Flowers, PhD.

Impacts
These projects are providing crucial research based information which will help guide agency heads, agency managers, congressmen, and other lawmakers as they make decisions, conduct planning efforts, modify laws and programs, and determine the efficacy of various efforts related to the availability and sustainability of our natural resources. Crucial areas of interest include big horn sheep, elk, sage grouse, riparian zone restoration, revitalizing limber pine, fire management, and silvicultural treatments that maintain cavity nesting habitat. Other concerns include the validity of the indicator species technique, the effectiveness of buying out grazing permits, the grassbanks approach, evaluating the consequences related to the Healthy Forests Restoration Act of 2003, and the difference between preservation and conservation education. Without the facilities, funding, and advisors, provided by this program these projects would not be possible.

Publications

Wisdom, M. J., N. J. Cimon,. B. K. Johnson, E. O. Garton, and Jack Ward Thomas. 2004. Spatial partitioning of mule deer and elk in relation to traffic. Transactions of the North American Wildlife and Natural Resources Conference. 69:509-530.
Cook, J. G., L. L. Irwin, L. D. Bryant, R. A. Riggs, and Jack Ward Thomas. 2004. Thermal cover needs of elk: A test of the hypothesis and implications for management. Transactions of the North American Wildlife and Natural Resources Conference. 69:707-726.
Thomas, Jack Ward and M. J. Wisdom. 2004. Has the Starkey Project delivered on its promises? Transactions of the North American Wildlife and Natural Resources Conference. 69:798-812.
Thomas, Jack Ward. 2004. The "tragedy of the commons" revisited. Journal of Forestry. 102(2):59-58.
Dombeck, Mike and Jack Ward Thomas. 2004. Declare harvest of old-growth forests off-limits and move on. Forest Magazine. Winter 2004. pp. 53-55.
Thomas, Jack Ward. 2004. Jack Ward Thomas-journals of a Forest Service Chief. University of Washington Press, Seattle, Washington. 416pp.
Thomas, Jack Ward. 2004. Just what is "fair chase." Pope and Young magazine. In Press.
Thomas, Jack Ward. 2004. Conservation Compass. Setting out on the hunters road-a place to start. Fair Chase. 19(1):12.
Dombeck, Mike and Jack Ward Thomas. 2004. Declare harvest of old-growth timber off-limits and move on. The Leopold Outlook . A newsletter published quarterly by the Aldo Leopold Foundation. Winter 2004. pp.6.
Thomas, Jack Ward. 2004. Conservation Compass. The Management of the Federal Lands-Where Now? Fair Chase 19(2):12.
Thomas, Jack Ward. 2004. Sustainability in the Northwest Forest Plan: Still to Be Tested. In Forest Futures: Science, Politics, and Policy for the Next Century. Edited by Karen Arabas and Joe Bowersox. Rowan and Littlefield Publishers, Inc. New York, New York. pp. 3-22.
Thomas, Jack Ward. 2004. Conservation Compass-Game Farm Trophies. Fair Chase. 19(4):15.
Thomas, Jack Ward, James G. Teer, and Robert D. Brown. 2005. The quest for trophies: Cloning is a step too far. Bugle 22(7):65.
Monyhan, Brendan. 2004. Sage grouse/habitat relationships in eastern Montana. PhD Dissertation. University of Montana, Missoula, Montana.
Kroll, Andrew J. 2004. Territory size as an indicator of habitat quality and fitness. PhD Dissertation. University of Montana, Missoula, Montana.

Progress 01/01/03 to 12/31/03

Outputs
The program is actively involved in conservation education with the Theodore Roosevelt Memorial Ranch, and continues development and application of educational modules for integrating ecosystem concepts into environmental education. The program also sponsors, co-sponsors, and or provides facilities or advisors for a variety of research projects. Four projects were finished during 2003. Movements and resource selection of recolonizing bighorn sheep in Western Montana Nicholas Decesare. M.S. An Evaluation of the Potential Consequences to Wildlife and Wildlife/Human Interactions of the Healthy Forests Restoration Act of 2003 Nicholas Noble. Master of Ecosystem Management. Can Agency-Led Initiatives Conform to Collaborative Principles? Evaluating and Reshaping an Interagency Program Through Participatory Research Laura Van Riper. The Ecology of Limber Pine on the Rocky Mountain Front Dayna Baumeister. Six projects were pursued in 2003 and expected to finish in 2004. Cause Specific Mortality of Neonatal Desert Bighorn Sheep Lambs on the Fra Cristobal Mountains in South Central New Mexico Zach Parson. M.S. The Role of Predators in the Population Dynamics of a Central Montana Elk Herd Jarod Raithel. M.S. Sage grouse/habitat relationships in eastern Montana Brendan Moynahan. Ph.D. Some $350,000 in research support has been put together to support a three-year research effort (one of which has been completed). Territory Size as an Indicator of Habitat Quality and Fitness Andrew J. AJ Kroll. Ph.D. The effort is aimed at the development of a technique that can be readily applied to judgment of habitat quality. Evaluating the Consequences of National Forest Grazing Permit Buyout Program, Permit Reductions, and Increased Fees on Land Ownership and Open Space in the Western States Mark Steinbach, Ph.D. Comparison of the Success of Grassbanks Stephanie Gripne. Ph.D. Two projects will be completed in 2005. Comparison of Management Reactions of the USDA Forest Service and the State of Montana to the Fires of 2000 in the Bitterroots Alex Sienkiewicz. Development of a Technique for Judging the Suitability of Live Larch as Potential Nest Sites for Woodpeckers Angela Daenzer. One project will be completed in late 2006. Expanding the Conservation Education Program Developed by the Boone and Conservation Education Program at the Theodore Roosevelt Memorial Ranch to a National Scale Lisa Flowers. Ph.D.

Impacts
These projects are providing crucial research based information which will help guide agency heads, agency managers, congressmen, and other lawmakers as they make decisions, conduct planning efforts, modify laws and programs, and determine the efficacy of various efforts related to the availability and sustainability of our natural resources. Crucial areas of interest include big horn sheep, elk, sage grouse, riparian zone restoration, revitalizing limber pine, fire management, and silvicultural treatments that maintain cavity nesting habitat. Other concerns include the validity of the indicator species technique, the effectiveness of buying out grazing permits, the grassbanks approach, evaluating the consequences related to the Healthy Forests Restoration Act of 2003, and the difference between preservation and conservation education. Without the facilities, funding, and advisors, provided by this program these projects would not be possible.

Publications

Thomas, Jack Ward. 2003. The Forest Health Initiative In For a Dime, In For a Dollar. Fair Chase 18(1):12-13.
Thomas, Jack Ward. 2003. Focus Essay Public Lands: An American Birthright In From Conquest to Conservation Our Public Lands. M. Dombeck, C.A. Wood, and J.E. Williams. Island Press, Washington, D.C. pp. 21-23.
Thomas, Jack Ward. 2003. Forest Debate Marred With True Lies and False Truths. Guest Editorial. The Missoulian, Missoula, Montana. September 14, 2003. Page B.5.
Dombeck, Michael and Jack Ward Thomas. 2003. Post-Intelligencer Focus: Declare Harvest of Old-Growth Forest Off-limits and Move On. Guest Editorial, Seattle Post-Intelligencer, Seattle, Washington. August 24, 2003. Section F1v.
Thomas, Jack Ward. 2003. Effectiveness The Hallmark of the Natural Resources Management Professional. The Virginia Wildlifer, May 2003, Virginia Chapter of the Wildlife Society. Pp. 20-28.
Thomas, Jack Ward. 2003. The Roles of Disturbance in Wildlife Management. Fair Chase 18(3):14.
Thomas, Jack Ward. 2003. Foreword In Mammal Community Dynamics Management and Conservation in the Coniferous Forests of Western North America. Edited by Cynthia J. Zabel and Robert G. Anthony. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, United Kingdom. Pp. xvii xv iii.
Thomas, Jack Ward. 2003. True Lies and False Truths. Fair Chase. 18(4).
Thomas, Jack Ward. 2003. A New Era in Fire Management In Proceedings of Fire Conference 2000: The First National Congress on Fire Ecology, Prevention, and Management. Edited by K. E. M. Gailey, R. C. Klinger. Publication No. 13, Tall Timbers Research Station, Tallahassee, Florida.
Thomas, Jack Ward. 2003. The Appropriate Roles of Technical Specialists and Line Officers in National Forest Management. A special assessment prepared for the USFS. 32pp. On file USFS, Region 5, San Francisco, California and Region 6, Portland, Oregon.
Thomas, Jack Ward. 2003. A Critique of the Operation of the Northwest Forest Plan 1994-2003. A special assessment prepared for the USFS. 30pp. On file U. S. Forest Service, Region 5, San Francisco, California.
Van Riper, Laura. 2003. Can agency led initiatives conform to collaborative principles? Evaluating and reshaping an interagency program through participatory research. Doctoral dissertation, University of Montana, College of Forestry and Natural Resources, Missoula, Montana.
Baumeister, Dayna. 2003. Effects of Pinus flexis on the dynamics and structure of plant communities on the Northern Rocky Mountain Front and training biologists for emerging niches in non-traditional jobs. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Montana, Missoula, Montana.
Dombeck, Michael and Jack Ward Thomas. 2003. P-I Focus: Declare old-growth forests off limits and move on. Guest editorial, Seattle Post-Intelligencier, Seattle, Washington. Sunday, August 24, 2003. Section F-1.v.
Dombeck, Mike and Jack Ward Thomas. 2003. Declare harvest of old-growth forests off limits and move on. Forest Magazine. Winter 2004. Pp. 53-55.
Dombeck, Mike and Jack Ward Thomas. 2003. The Last Stand Declare harvest of old-growth forest off limits and move on. Outdoor America. Fall 2003. Page 46.
Deceasre, Nicholas. 2003. Movements and resource selection of recolonizing bighorn sheep in Western Montana. M.S. Thesis, University of Montana, Missoula, Montana.
Thomas, Jack Ward. 2003. Just What is Fair Chase? Part II. Fair Chase 18(1):12-13.

Progress 01/01/02 to 12/31/02

Outputs
Ongoing research includes sage grouse habitat, public lands/private lands interface, ungulate response to extensive logging, riparian restoration, and big horn sheep survival. The program is actively involved in conservation education with the Teddy Roosevelt Memorial Ranch, and continues development and application of educational modules for integrating ecosystem concepts into environmental education. The following research projects are underway. Interagency approach to improvement of riparian zones on private and public lands - Laura Van Riper. Ph.D. The Bureau of Land Management has employed Ms. Van Riper under the Government Employees Training Act, which provides full support for her research. She should complete her program by spring 2002. Sage grouse/habitat relationships in eastern Montana - Brendan Moynahan. Ph.D. Some $350,000 in research support has been put together to support a three-year research effort (one of which has been completed). Research support has been obtained from: the Bureau of Land Management; U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service; Montana Department of Fish, Wildlife, and Parks; Grizzly Riders; and the Boone and Crockett Club. He should complete his program by the end of 2003. Landscape Ecology and the Role of Limber Pine in Rocky Mountain Front Ecosystems - Dana Ayers Baumeister. Ph.D. Degree awarded in Organismic Biology and Ecology from the University of Montana in Missoula, specializing on the varied dynamics of positive interactions among animal and plant life. Project completed in 2002. National Resource Conservation Communication in the Bitterroot Valley, Montana - Stephanie Gripne, Ph.D. USDA Forest Service. Social network analysis has the potential to serve as a powerful tool for identifying and improving interorganizational communication problems. The object is to improve communication among conservation education organizations. Course work is finished and program should be complete by mid-2003. Territory Size as an Indicator of Habitat Quality and Fitness - Andrew J. "AJ" Kroll. Ph.D. AJ is fully funded by a research grant from Boise Cascade Corporation. The effort is aimed at the development of a technique that can be readily applied to judgment of habitat quality. Evaluating the Consequences of National Forest Grazing Permit Buyout Program, Permit Reductions, and Increased Fees on Land Ownership and Open Space in the Western States - Mark Steinbach, Ph.D. Proposal submitted to U.S. Forest Service. Research will cover the years 2003-2004. Recolonization by Bighorn Sheep in Western Montana - Nicholas Decesare. M.S. Since their dramatic decline in the late 19th century, bighorn sheep populations remain unstable and heavily managed. This study will observe and evaluate movements, distribution, and habitat characterization. Boone and Crockett support is limited to tuition. Cause Specific Mortality of Neonatal Desert Bighorn Sheep Lambs on the Fra Cristobal Mountains in South Central New Mexico - Zach Parson. M.S. Boone and Crockett support is limited to tuition.

Impacts
(N/A)

Publications

Thomas, Jack Ward. 2002. Forward in Wild Logging by Bryan Foster. Mountain Press Publishing Company, Missoula, Montana. p. xi
Thomas, Jack Ward. 2002. Are there lessons for Canadian foresters lurking south of the border? The Forestry Chronicle 78:(3)1-6. Thomas, Jack Ward. 2002. Conservation Compass: The King is Dead - Long Live the King. Fair Chase 17(1):12-13.
Thomas, Jack Ward. 2002. Conservation Compass: Elk Management at the Turn of the Century - New Days and New Ways. Fair Chase 17(2):14-15.
Thomas, Jack Ward, et al. 2002. Fire in Oregon's Forests - Assessing the Risks, Effects and Treatment Options. Oregon Forestry Institute, Portland, Oregon.
Mealy, Stephen P. and Jack Ward Thomas. 2002. Uncharacteristic Wildfire Risk and Fish Conservation in Oregon. In Fire in Oregon's Forests: Risks, Effects, and Treatment Options. Oregon Forest Resources Institute. pp. 85-95.
Irwin, Larry L. and Jack Ward Thomas. 2002. Policy Conflicts Relative to Managing Fire-Adapted Forests on Federal Lands: The Case of the Northern Spotted Owl. In Fire in Oregon's Forests: Risks, Effects, and Treatment Options. Oregon Forest Resources Institute. pp. 96-107.
Thomas, Jack Ward. 2002. Dead Wood: From Forester's Bane to Environmental Boon. In Proceedings of the Symposium on the Ecology and Management of Dead Wood in Western Forests. Pacific Southwest Research Station, USDA. p. 3-9.
Thomas, Jack Ward. 2002. Dynamic vs. Static Management in a Fire-Influenced Landscape - The Northwest Forest Plan. Paper presented at the conference, Fire in Oregon's Forests in Bend, Oregon. Oregon Forest Resources Institute.
Thomas, Jack Ward. 2002. America's First Forester. Range Magazine. Vol. X, No. 4, Winter 2002. pp. 10-13.

Progress 01/01/01 to 12/31/01

Outputs
Continuing research includes sage grouse habitat, public lands/private lands interface, ungulate response to extensive logging, riparian restoration, and big horn sheep survival. The program is actively involved in conservation education with the Crown of the Continent Ecosystem Education Consortium, and continues development and application of educational modules for integrating ecosystem concepts into environmental education. The following research projects are underway. Interagency approach to improvement of riparian zones on private and public lands- Laura Van Riper. Ph.D. The Bureau of Land Management has employed Ms. Van Riper under the Government Employees Training Act, which provides full support for her research. She should complete her program by spring 2002. Sage grouse/habitat relationships in eastern Montana- Brendan Moynahan. Ph.D. Some $350,000 in research support has been put together to support a three-year research effort (one of which has been completed). Research support has been obtained from: the Bureau of Land Management; U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service; Montana Department of Fish, Wildlife, and Parks; Grizzly Riders; and the Boone and Crockett Club. He should complete his program by the end of 2003. The autecology of limber pine along the Rocky Mountain Front- Dana Ayers Baumeister. Ph.D. Dissertation is in process. The Boone and Crockett Program provides a $5,000 stipend and use of the Theodore Roosevelt Ranch as a study area and headquarters for fieldwork. Completion anticipated for mid-2002. Non-timber products from forested lands - Stephanie Gripne. Ph.D. Research is underway in the Bitterroot Valley, Montana. Funding has been secured from the U. S. Forest Service to execute the research program. Completion anticipated for mid-2004. Comparison of timber salvage/post fire rehabilitation on private, state, and federal land in the Bitterroot Valley, Montana, following the 2000 fires- Matthew Tunno. Ph.D. Funding proposals are being prepared for Congressionally provided funds related to fire in the mountain west. The State of Montana, Division of Forestry, is a likely cooperator. Research will cover the years 2002-2003. Territory Size as an Indicator of Habitat Quality and Fitness. Andrew J. "AJ" Kroll. Ph.D. Accepted into the Program in the fall of 2001. AJ is fully funded by a research grant from Boise Cascade Corporation. The effort is aimed at the development of a technique that can be readily applied to judgment of habitat quality.

Impacts
(N/A)

Publications

Kennedy, James J., Jack Ward Thomas, and Peter Glueck. 2001. Evolving forestry and rural development beliefs at mid-point and close of the 20th century. Forest Policy and Economics 3(2001):81-95.
Thomas, Jack Ward. 2001. Are there lessons for Canadian foresters lurking south of the border? Forestry Chronicle. Accepted. Thomas, Jack Ward, and Stephanie Gripne. 2001. Stewardship across boundaries: Ranching on Public/Private Lands. Part I. Rangelands. Accepted.
Gripne, Stephanie, and Jack Ward Thomas. 2001. Rangelands. Stewardship across boundaries: Ranching on Public/Private Lands. Part II. Rangelands. Accepted.
Toweill, Dale and Jack Ward Thomas (Editors). 2002. The North American Elk. Smithsonian Press, Washington, D. C. In Press (scheduled for release in Spring 2002).
Toweill, Dale and Jack Ward Thomas. 2002. The Future of Elk in North America. In The North American Elk. Smithsonian Press, Washington, D. C. In Press (scheduled for release in Spring of 2002).
Thomas, Jack Ward. 2002. The Journals of Jack Ward Thomas (1989-1998) - Forest History in the Making. Forest History Society and Island Press. Accepted. Publication anticipated for Spring 2003.
Thomas, Jack Ward. 2001. Landscape legacies - From the past and to the future. Fair Chase 16(1):14-16.
Thomas, Jack Ward. 2001. Doom, gloom, and failure, or optimism, vision, and progress - the human choice. Fair Chase 16(2):14-17.
Thomas, Jack Ward. 2001. Our National Forests - Will conflict never cease? Fair Chase 16(3):14-19.
Thomas, Jack Ward. 2001. A new beginning in public land management. Fair Chase 16(4). In Press.
Thomas, Jack Ward. 2001. William I. Spencer 1917-2001 (an obituary). The Conservationist. November 2001. pp. 10-11.
Thomas, Jack Ward. 2001. Dedication Address for the Millennium Circle, Boone and Crockett Headquarters, Missoula, Montana. The Conservationist. November 2001. p.5.

Progress 01/01/00 to 12/31/00

Outputs
Continuing research includes sage grouse habitat, public lands/private lands interface, ungulate response to extensive logging, riparian restoration, and big horn sheep survival. The program is actively involved in conservation education with the Crown of the Continent Ecosystem Education Consortium, and continues development and application of educational modules for integrating ecosystem concepts into environmental education. Construction of the educational facility at the Theodore Roosevelt Memorial Ranch on the Rocky Mountain Front has been completed. Sage grouse habitat - Brendan Moynahan. Extensive study includes the trapping and tagging of sage grouse in sage lands of eastern Montana to determine their habitat needs. Sage lands, once dismissed as waste areas, are complex and extensive habitats, with the sage grouse as a key species to analyze to determine changes in this ecosystem. Remote and relatively undisturbed sage lands and grouse populations will also be studied for comparison to areas and populations that have experienced greater human impact. If the sage grouse is listed as an endangered species, the impact could be substantial to current agricultural operations in Montana, and in consequence, to the state's economy. Effects of intensive logging on ungulates - Jennifer Rinehart. Using extensive data collected in northeastern Oregon, determine impacts of logging on wild and domestic ungulates. Due to disease, fire, and commercial activities, large areas may lose their forest cover. This study analyzes years of animal movements recorded through telemetry in an area that had undergone large-scale forest removal. The results of this research are important to land management agencies trying to balance economic impacts of different decisions, which in term can have substantial impact on regional economies. Non-timber products of forestlands - Stephanie Gripne. Forestlands, public and private, are crucial to providing wildlife habitat, recreation, and water resources. The protection and enhancement of these non-timber resources has major implications for local and national economies. Riparian improvement - Laura Van Riper. Course work to be complete May 1999. Doctoral research underway on evaluation of a successful interagency approach to riparian improvement on public/private land. Funded by the Bureau of Land Management. Big horn sheep - Zack Parsons. Research on movement of big horn sheep between estabished ranges. A species that is recovering and expanding into former habitat, it still faces challenges from a number of fronts, some human-caused, others natural.

Impacts
(N/A)

Publications

Moynahan, Brendan J., Jack Ward Thomas, and T.M. Quigley. 2000. The utility of ecological integrity as a management objective in the Interior Columbia Basin. Final report-Joint Venture Agreement No. PNW 99-6023-2-JVA between the USDA Forest Service and the University of Montana. 44 pp.
Thomas, Jack Ward. 2000. The Society at a crossroads-being a grown-up is a tough duty. Abstract. In Society for Conservation Biology, 14th annual meeting, University of Montana, Missoula, p. 270.
Thomas, Jack Ward. 2000. High stakes poker with the joker wild-fire risk and roadless areas. Fair Chase. 15(3):11-15.
Thomas, Jack Ward. 2000. What Now? From a Former Chief of the Forest Service in A Vision for the U.S. Forest Service-goals for its next century. Roger A. Sedjo, Editor. Resources for the Future, Washington, DC, pp. 10-43.
Thomas, Jack Ward. 2000. Code of the hunt-Bill Brown's last hunt. Bugle. 17(1):38-45.
Thomas, Jack Ward. 2000. From managing a deer herd to moving a mountain-one pilgrim's progress. Journal of Wildlife Management. 64(1):1-10.
Thomas, Jack Ward. 2000. Watching the Columbia River salmon dwindle toward extinction-elephants in the room. Northwest Science, vol. 74, no. 3.
Thomas, Jack Ward, and James Burchfield. 2000. Science, Politics, and Land Management. Rangelands 22(4) 45-58.
Thomas, Jack Ward. 2000. Just what is a trophy? Fair Chase. 15(2): 14-16.
Thomas, Jack Ward. 2000. Maintaining viable farms and ranches-key to the future of wildlife. Fair Chase. 14(4):
Thomas, Jack Ward. 2000. The Club's legacy-a continental system of wildlife conservation. Fair Chase. 15(1):
Moynahan, Brendan J., Bob Henderson, and Jack Ward Thomas. 2000. Status and utility of ungulate enclosures in western Montana. Abstract. In Society for Conservation Biology 14th Annual Meeting. University of Montana, Missoula, p. 225.

Progress 01/01/99 to 12/31/99

Outputs
Continuing research includes predicting wildlife responses to environmental change on the Rocky Mountain Front, and the role of limber pine in the landscape ecology of the Rocky Mountain Front. The program is actively involved in conservation education with the Crown of the Continent Ecosystem Education Consortium, and continues development and application of educational modules for integrating ecosystem concepts into environmental education. Construction of a 900,000 dollar educational facility at the Theodore Roosevelt Memorial Ranch on the Rocky Mountain Front is under way, and completion is anticipated by September 2001. Work on a research agreement, 38,000 dollars, with the US Forest Service Pacific Northwest Research Station at La Grande, Oregon, continued with analyses of extensive data to further understand the impact of intensive salvage logging on wild and domestic ungulates. Work on an additional contract with that Agency on a literature and assessment of the concept of sustainability as a management construct was instituted, 10,000 dollars,. Work began 30,000 dollars in kind and direct student support on a three-year evaluation of ongoing cooperative efforts to enhance riparian zones in the Intermountain West. The Grizzly Riders awarded the program 15,000 dollars for one years support for two graduate students. Public service remains a significant part of Program activities. Two major publications have been completed and turned over to publishers. Information on those publications follows: Toweill, Dale, and Jack Ward Thomas eds. The Elk of North America-Ecology and Management second edition. Wildlife Management Institute, Washington, D.C. Publication anticipated in late 2000. Thomas, Jack Ward and Jared Verner editors. The Northern Spotted Owl-Conservation and Controversy 1990-2000. U.S. Forest Service. Internet Publications. Anticipated mid-2000.

Impacts
(N/A)

Publications

Thomas, J.W. 1999. Why I Hunt. Outdoor Like 204(2):12
Thomas, J.W. 1999. Courage, Dedication, Sacrifice: A Monument to Wildland Firefighters. Fire Management Notes 59(3):12-13.
Thomas, J.W. 1999. Fair Chase and Technology-Then, Now, and Tomorrow. Proceedings, 78th Annual Conference of the Western Association of Game and Fish Commissioners. Jackson, Wyoming. Pp. 35-40.
Thomas, J.W. 1999. Recreation Trails on the National Forests. Back Country Horsemen of America 10(4):8-9.
Thomas, J.W. 1999. Foreward in Maintaining Biodiversity in Forest Ecosystems. Edited by Malcom Hunter, Jr. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, United Kingdom. pp. ix-xi.
Thomas, J.W. 1999. Towards Sustainable Forest Ecosystems, Proceedings of the Urban Greening and Landscape Architecture Research Symposium. Danish Forest and Landscape Research Institute, Copenhagen, Denmark. pp. 21-22.
Thomas, J.W., and J. Burchfield. 1999. Comments on The Religion of Forestry: Scientific Management. Journal of Forestry 97(11):10-13.
Thomas, J.W. 1999. From the Center-The Boone and Crockett Club's Role in Conservation, Then and Now. Fair Chase 14(3):14-17.
Thomas, J.W. 1999. Foreword in Elers Koch-Forty Years as a Forester 1903-1943. Mountain Press Publishing Company, Missoula, Montana. 206 pp.
Thomas, J.W. 1999. From the Center-The Stalk is Everything, The Shot is Nothing. Fair Chase. 13(4):14-16.
Thomas, J.W. 1999. Foreword in Managing Multiple-Users on National Forests 1905-1995. FS-628. USDA Forest Service. Washington, D.C. P. v.
Thomas, J.W. 1999. Trading a Birthright for Pottage. Outdoor America 64(1)14-17.
Thomas, J.W. 1999. The Four R's of Hunter Education. Fair Chase 14(2):16-20.

Progress 01/01/98 to 12/31/98

Outputs
Continuing research includes predicting wildlife responses to environmental change on the Rocky Mountain Front, and the role of limber pine in the landscape ecology of the Rocky Mountain Front. The program is actively involved in conservation education with the Crown of the Continent Ecosystem Education Consortium, and continues development and application of educational modules for integrating ecosystem concepts into environmental education. A research agreement was concluded with the US Forest Service Pacific Northwest Research station at La Grande, Oregon, and work began to analyze extensive data to further understand the impact of intensive salvage logging on wild and domestic ungulates. Public Service remains a significant part of Program activities.

Impacts
(N/A)

Publications

THOMAS, Jack Ward. 1997. Ecoregion assessments: a necessity for ecosystem management. Symposium Abstracts. American Fisheries Society, 127th Annual Meeting, Monterrey, California. Page 88.
THOMAS, Jack Ward. 1998. Challenges to achieving sustainable forests?is NFMA equal to the task? In The national Forest Management Act in a Changing Society. Papers from a conference at the Natural Resources Law Center, University of Colorado. pp 157-196. THOMAS, Jack Ward. 1998. How Forest Service pieces fit together. Fair Chase 11(4):14-15.
THOMAS, Jack Ward. 1998. Foreward in Eler Koch?Forty Years as a Forester 1903-1943. Mountain Press Publishing Company, Missoula, Montana. 206 p.
THOMAS, Jack Ward, and RUGGIERO, Jory. 1998. Politics and the Columbia Basin Assessment--Learning from the Past and Moving to the Future. Public Land and Resources Law Review. 19:33-50.
THOMAS, Jack Ward. 1998. Roadblocks to Managing National Forests are Many. Loggers World 34(9):37-39.
CORNETT, Zane J. and THOMAS, Jack Ward. 1998. Integrity as Professionalism: Ethics and Leadership in Practice. In The Land Ethic?Meeting Human Needs for the Land and its Resources. Society of American Foresters, Bethesda, Maryland. pp. 71-90.
THOMAS, Jack Ward. 1998. Achieving sustainable forests: Is NFMA up to the Task? In The National Forest Management Act in a Changing Society 1976-1996. Edited by K. Norman Johnson and Margaret A. Shannon. Natural Resources Law Center, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado. pp. 158-183.
THOMAS, Jack Ward. 1998. Fair Chase and Technology?Then, Now, and Tomorrow. Fair Chase 13(3):12-15.
THOMAS, Jack Ward, and TOWEILL, Dale E. 1998. The futureof hunting in Boone and Crockett club?s 23rd Big Game Awards 1995-1997. Edited by C. Randall Byers. Boone & Crockett Club, Missoula, Montana, pp. 2-13. COOK, J.A., IRWIN, L.L., BRYANT, L.D., RIGGS, R.A. and THOMAS, Jack Ward. 1998. Relations of forest cover and condition of elk: A test of the thermal cover hypothesis in summer and winter. Wildlife Monographs No. 141, 61 pp.
THOMAS, Jack Ward, 1998. What Happened to the Forest Service? Chronicle
THOMAS, Jack Ward. 1998. The Code of the Hunt in Majestic Elk. Todd R. Berger, Editor. Voyageur Press, Stillwater, Minnesota, pp. 95-109.

Progress 01/01/97 to 12/31/97

Outputs
Interdisciplinary research has been completed for an environmental history of the Rocky Mountain Front, the sociobiology of grizzly bear conservation, economics of private lands/public wildlife programs, effectiveness of public participation in National Forest decision making, response of rangeland vegetation at Theodore Roosevelt Memorial Ranch to grazing by wild and domestic ungulates, cultural resources of the TRM Ranch, hydrology of the primary streams on the TRM Ranch, and the use of voluntary agreements to conserve endangered specis on private lands. Continuing research includes predicting wildlife responses to environmental change on the Rocky Mountain Front and the role of limber pine in the landscape ecology of the Rocky Mountain Front. The program is actively involved in conservation education with the Crown of the Continent Ecosystem Education Consortium and continues development and application of educational modules for integrating ecosystem concepts into environmental education. Public service remains a significant part of Program activities.

Impacts
(N/A)

Publications

Thomas, J.W. 1997. Devolution of the public's lands: trading a birthright for pottage. Transactions N. Amer Wldlf & Ntrl Res
Thomas, J.W. 1997. From the center - remembering our past in preparation for Thomas, J.W. 1997. Wildlife habitat relationships programs: Blue Mountain beginnings. The Chiles Award Papers, High
Thomas, J.W. 1997. Foreword: Ecosystem management - application for sustainable forest and wildlife resources. M.S. Boyce & A. Haney(eds) Yale Univ Press, New Haven, CT. 361 pp.
Thomas, J.W. 1997. Foreword: Creating a forestry for the 21st century. Island Press, Wash, D.C. p. ix-xii.
Marcot, B.G. & J.W. Thomas. 1997. Of spotted owls, old growth, and new policies: a history since the Interagency Scientific Cmte Rpt. USDA FS, PNW-GTR-408. 84 pp.
Rowland, M.M., L.D. Bryant, B.K. Johnson, J.H. Noyes, M.J. Wisdom, & J.W. Thomas. 1997. The Starkey Project: History, facilities, and data collection methods for ungulate research. USDA FS, PNW-GTR-396, 62
Thomas, J.W. 1997. Ecoregion assessments: A necessity for ecosystem management. Symposium Abstracts, 127 meeting of the Amer Fisheries Soc, Monterey, CA. p. 88.
Dombeck, M.P. J.W.Thomas C.A. Wood 1997 Changing roles & responsibilities for federal land management agencies. IN Watershed restoration Williams, Wood, & Dombeck(eds) Amer Fisheries Soc

Progress 01/01/96 to 12/30/96

Outputs
Interdisciplinary research has been completed for an environmental history of the Rocky Mountain Front, the sociology of grizzly bear conservation, economics of private lands/public wildlife programs, effectiveness of public participation in National Forest decision making, response of rangeland vegetation at TRM Ranch to grazing by wild and domestic ungulates, cultural resources of the TRM Ranch, and hydrology of the TRM Ranch. Ongoing studies include predicting wildlife responses to environmental change on the Rocky Mountain Front, the use of contracts for endangered species recovery on private lands, and the role of limber pine in the landscape ecology of the Rocky Mountain Front. The program is actively involved in conservation education with the Crown of the Continent Ecosystem Education Consortium and has developed classroom and field units for integrating ecosystem concepts into environmental education. These units are being used by the local schools. Public service is also a major part of the Program's activities. Jack Ward Thomas, former Chief of the USDA Forest Service will be the new B & C Professor and direct the program beginning in 1997. We continue to sponsor the Don Aldrich Brown Bag Lunch (a monthly meeting of local conservationists) and the B & C Public Discussion on Wildlife Conservation (a speaker series that prompts discussion in the community on wildlife issues).

Impacts
(N/A)

Publications

SCHILDWACHTER, G. T. M. 1995. Contracting for recovery of endangered species. Trans. 60th No. Am. Wildl. and Natur. Resour. Conf.: 506-509.
SCHILDWACHTER, G. in press. Commercialization and wildlife management: book review. J. Wildl. Manage.
SCHILDWACHTER, G. 1995. Wolf wars: book review. Endangered Species Update 12(11-12):8. MOECKEL J.B. & D.F. POTTS 1996 in press Stream channel adjustment following a major flood on a northern Rocky Mountain Front stream. In: Proceedings, AWRA 1996 Summer Symposium on watershed restoration, Syracuse, NY.
KELLER, D.W. 1996. An environmental history of the Rocky Mountain front. U of MT, Missoula. M.S. Thesis. 162pp.
HURLBURT, K. 1996. Differences in plant composition in cattle and wild ungulate exclosures on the Theodore Roosevelt Memorial Ranch. U of MT, Missoula. M.S. Thesis. 137pp.

Progress 01/01/95 to 12/30/95

Outputs
Interdisciplinary research is underway on environmental history of the Rocky Mountain Front, sociology of grizzly bear conservation, economics of private lands/public wildlife programs, predicting wildlife responses to environmental change on the Rocky Mountain Front, use of contracts for endangered species recovery on private lands, effectiveness of public participation in National Forest decision making response of rangeland vegetation at TRM Ranch to grazing by wild and domestic ungulates, cultural resources of the TRM Ranch, and hydrology of the TRM Ranch. The program is actively involved in conservation education with the Crown of the Continent Ecosystem Education Consortium and two graduate students developing classroom and field units for integrating ecosystem concepts into environmental education. Public service is also a major part of the Program's activities, though our services are reduced while we search for a new B & C Professor to direct the program. We sponsor the Don Aldrich Brown Bag Lunch (a monthly meeting of local conservationists) and the B & C Public Discussion on Wildlife Conservation (a speaker series that prompts discussion in the community on wildlife issues).

Impacts
(N/A)

Publications

SCHILDWACHTER, G. T. M. 1995. Contracting for recovery of endangered species. Trans. 60th No. Am. Wildl. and Natur. Resour. Conf.: 506-509.
SCHILDWACHTER, G. in press. Commercialization and wildlife management: book review. J. Wildl. Manage.
Schildwachter, G. 1995. Wolf wars: book review. Endangered Species Update 12(11-12):8.

Progress 01/01/94 to 12/30/94

Outputs
Interdisciplinary research is underway on environmental history of the Rocky Mountain Front, sociology of grizzly bear conservation, economics of private lands/public wildlife programs, predicting wildlife responses to environmental change on the Rocky Mountain Front, use of contracts for endangered species recovery on private lands, effectiveness of public participation in National Forest decision making response of rangeland vegetation at TRM Ranch to grazing by wild and domestic ungulates, cultural resources of the TRM Ranch, and hydrology of the TRM Ranch. The program is actively involved in conservation education with the Crown of the Continent Ecosystem Education Consortium and two graduate students developing classroom and field units for integrating ecosystem concepts into environmental education. Public service is also a major part of the Program's activities. Program staff averaged 3 speeches per month and publiched 14 articles and book chapters during the last biennium. Technology and products developed by the Boone and Crockett Wildlife Conservation Program are field tested for utility and placed in the hands of landowners and resource managers through training and shortcourses. The program currently employs Dr. Hal Salwasser, Director and Professor; 3 PhD students; 3 Masters students, and a part time office manager.

Impacts
(N/A)

Publications

NO PUBLICATIONS REPORTED THIS PERIOD.