Progress 10/01/98 to 09/30/04
Outputs
Eighteen Magnitude of Residue and Residue Decline GLP (Good Laboratory Practices) trials were carried out in order to obtain tolerances and registrations for avocado, banana, coffee, plantain and yam. Performance trials were coordinated and data obtained to support registrations for apio (corm rot); avocado (sucking insects); banana and plantain (corm borer); field and nursery coffee (leaf miner); mango (anthracnose and sucking insects); papaya (anthracnose, powdery mildew and sucking insects); pigeon peas (pod borer, pod fly and leafhoppers); pineapple (gummosis); tanier ("mal seco"); and yam (anthracnose and seed and storage rot). Information was developed to prepare and submit Pesticide Clearance Requests for tropical crops, vegetables and herbs of interest to Puerto Rico.
Impacts
Minor crops account for 100 percent of Puerto Rico's crops with few or no alternatives for the control of pests and diseases in tropical crops. Performance and magnitude of residue data are needed to register pesticides and maintain pest control and resistance management alternatives to establish the most effective control schedules for an economically feasible production of tropical crops.
Publications
- No publications reported this period
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Progress 01/01/03 to 12/31/03
Outputs
Three Good Laboratory Practices (GLP) trials to measure the Magnitude of Residue for spinosad/coffee were programmed but postponed for next year. In a first trial to evaluate difenoconazole for the control of corm rot in 'apio,' no significant differences were found in number of plants harvested or average corm weight when compared to that of the control. Preliminary data from an ongoing second trial shows 54percent germination for the difenoconazole treatment vs. 16 percent for the control. A papaya field trial was established to evaluate the fungicides fluazinam and trifloxystrobin for the control of anthracnose and powdery mildew. Other performance trials were coordinated and are in various stages of completion for avocado (sucking insects), mango (sucking insects) and field and nursery coffee (leafminer). Field Data Books were completed and QA audits answered for imidacloprid/banana.
Impacts
Minor crops account for 100 percent of Puerto Rico's crops with few or no alternatives for the control of pests and diseases in tropical crops. Performance and magnitude of residue data are needed to register pesticides and maintain pest control and resistance management alternatives to establish the most effective control schedules for an economically feasible production of tropical crops.
Publications
- No publications reported this period
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Progress 01/01/02 to 12/31/02
Outputs
One Magnitude of Residue GLP (Good Laboratory Practices) trial was established and completed for imidacloprid/banana/banana corm borer. A second year pesticide performance study for the control of anthracnose in mango was completed. Results show no significant differences in number of fruits affected. Nor were significant differences found in number of total fruits, number of harvested fruits or disease severity, but a tendency was observed for all three with azoxystrobin. Significant differences were observed for the strobilurin compounds in protection against disease development after harvest (number of healthy fruits). In a recently initiated pesticide performance study for the control of corm rot in "apio", preliminary data show a higher percentage germination for pre-plant fungicide treatments vs. the control. Another pesticide performance, study was initiated for the control of anthracnose and powdery mildew in papaya. Established orchards were evaluated to
identify pathogens present. Other performance trials were coordinated in various stages of completion for papaya (sucking insects) and coffee (leafminer). Field Data Books were completed and QA audits answered for buprofezin/avocado; imidacloprid/avocado; imidacloprid/banana; fludioxonil/yam; and difenoconazole/yam.
Impacts
Minor crops account for 100% of Puerto Rico's crops. There are very few, and in some cases, no alternatives for the control of pests and diseases in tropical crops. Performance and magnitude of residue data are needed to register pest control and resistance management alternatives and to establish the most effective control schedules for an economically feasible production of tropical crops.
Publications
- No publications reported this period
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Progress 01/01/01 to 12/31/01
Outputs
Six Magnitudes of Residue and one Residue Decline GLP (Good Laboratory Practices) trials were established and/or completed for: imidacloprid/avocado/sucking insects; fludioxonil/yam/storage rot; difenoconazole/yam/seed rot; and imidacloprid/banana/banana corm borer. In a performance study for the control of anthracnose in mango, the azoxystrobin treatment resulted in the highest number of fruits retained and harvested, and strobilurin compounds were more effective in protecting the fruit after harvest. In another performance trial, strobilurin compounds were effective in controlling anthracnose in yams. Other performance trials were coordinated and in various stages of completion for avocado (sucking insects); pigeon pea (pod fly, pod borer, leafhoppers); and tanier (mal seco). IR-4 Pesticide Clearance Requests were submitted for mango (anthracnose, sucking insects); avocado (mites, thrips, sucking insects); yam (anthracnose); apio (seed rot); pigeon pea (pod fly, pod
borer, leafhoppers); cilantro (alternaria); recao (cercospora); coffee (leafminer); papaya (anthracnose, powdery mildew); cassava (mites); and greenhouse vegetables (botrytis). Tropical crop research needs for 2001-2002 were prioritized.
Impacts
Minor crops account for 100 percent of Puerto Rico's crops. There are very few, and in some cases, no alternatives for the control of pests and diseases in tropical crops. Performance and magnitude of residue data are needed to register pest control and resistance management alternatives and to establish the most effective control schedules for an economically feasible production of tropical crops.
Publications
- No publications reported this period
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Progress 01/01/00 to 12/31/00
Outputs
Ten Magnitude of Residue and one Residue Decline GLP (Good Laboratory Practices) trials were established and/or completed for: fipronil/plantain/banana corm borer; imidacloprid/avocado/sucking insects; buprofezin/avocado/sucking insects; difenoconazole/yam/seed rot; and imidacloprid/banana/banana corm borer. Performance trials were coordinated and on various stages of completion for avocado (sucking insects); plantain and bananas (nematodes, banana corm borer). In a yam trial for the control of seed rot, seed pieces were treated with two fungicides, fludioxonil and difenoconazole: (1) post-harvest (for storage), (2) pre-plant and (3) both post-harvest and pre-plant. Best results were obtained when difenoconazole was applied post-harvest and pre-plant, resulting in 75 percent germination and 66 percent harvested plants. A highly significant difference in marketable tubers yield (51.58 lbs., 280.88 cwt/A) was observed between this treatment and the untreated control (P
= 0.05, LSD = 11.07). In two fungicide trials for the control of anthracnose in yam and mal seco in tanier, no significant differences between treatments (P = 0.05) were found with regard to percent disease and number and weight of marketable tubers.
Impacts
There are very few, and in some cases, no alternatives for the control of pests and diseases in tropical crops. With the passing of the 1996 Food Quality Protection Act, some of those few uses are being limited or cancelled. Performance and magnitude of residue trials need to be carried out to register alternatives for pest control. The GPL trials on avocado will allow new registrations for insect control on various tropical crops, including avocado and mango. Through the banana work, registrations will be possible for both banana and plantain. The plantain trials will support the registration of a much needed alternative to control the banana corm borer. Results from the second year yam seed rot efficacy trial will support the registration of two alternatives for seed treatment.
Publications
- No publications reported this period
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Progress 01/01/99 to 12/31/99
Outputs
Three Magnitude of Residue GLP (Good Laboratory Practices) trials to register fipronil for banana corm borer control on plantain were established and will be harvested April, May and June, 2000. Two GLP trials to register spinosad for leafminer control on coffee were established, harvested, processed and sent to the lab. for residue analysis. Performance trials were coordinated and on various stages of completion for mango (anthracnose); avocado (sucking nsects); pineapple (gummosis); plantain and bananas (nematodes, banana corm borer); yam (anthracnose); and tanier (mal seco). In a yam trial, seed pieces were treated pre-plant with two fungicides, fludioxonil and difenoconazole, to control seed rot. Plants from treated seed pieces produced a higher number of commercial tubers (> 17.25) compared with the untreated (9.75). Yields from fungicide treated seed pieces varied from 283 to 343 q/a (over 50% more) compared with the untreated (114 q/A). Significant differences
were observed among treatments (F = 4.91, P = 0.0039). Dunnet's test showed that all fungicide treatments except fludioxonil at 2.5 g a.i./100 kg seed resulted in higher yields compared to the control. Contrasts found no differences among fludioxonil and difenoconazole at different rates (P> 0.05). In a second-year yam trial, seed pieces were again treated with fludioxonil and difenoconazole, this time pre-storage, pre-plant and both pre-storage and pre-plant. Preliminary results indicate the highest number and weight of marketable tubers were obtained with both fungicides when seed pieces were treated both pre-storage and pre-plant.
Impacts
There are very few, and in some cases, no alternatives for pest and disease control in tropical crops. With the passing of the 1996 Food Quality Protection Act, some of those few uses may even be limited or cancelled. In the case of yams, a limiting factor in production is tuber decay during storage, planting and emergence. Treating the seed could be an alternative to control seed rot, but no fungicides are registered for this use.
Publications
- No publications reported this period
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Progress 01/01/98 to 12/31/98
Outputs
Two magnitudes of residue Good Laboratory Practices (GLP) trials with imidacloprid for leafminer control in coffee were coordinated. One was destroyed by Hurricane Georges just prior to harvest. The other was harvested, processed by wet and dry methods, and samples were sent for residue analysis. A GLP residue decline study for insect control in plantains was coordinated and samples for residue analysis were sent to the lab. Fifteen performance trials for tropical fruits and yams were also coordinated and use at various stages of completion. In one yam trial, seed pieces were treated with two fungicides, fludioxonil and difenoconazole, prior to planting. After the 9th week, 95-100% emergence was observed for all treatments, versus 52% for the untreated. Preliminary results at harvest time showed an increase in tuber number and weight for all treatments over the untreated. A limiting factor in yam production in Puerto Rico is the low quality of yam seeds. Finding and
recommending a good seed protectant method to growers will increase both yam quality and production. A second yam trial was initiated with fludioxonil and difenoconazole seed piece treatment prior to storage. Results are still not available. A papaya trial with tebuconazole for the control of anthracnose fruit spots established September 1998 was destroyed by Hurricane Georges. It will be re-initiated early in 1999. Sixteen Pesticide Clearance requests were prepared and submitted for yams and taniers (disease control and seed treatments); for mangoes and papayas (disease control); and for mangoes, papayas, avocadoes and soursop (insect control).
Impacts
(N/A)
Publications
- No publications reported this period
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Progress 01/01/96 to 12/30/96
Outputs
Field trials were carried out to evaluate various pest control agents for: (a) symphillans, mealybugs and white grubs in pineapple, (b) weeds in arracacha, (c) banana weevil on plantains, (d) thrips and aphids on bananas, and (e) sigatoka on plantains. One individual field experiment was established at Barranquitas to evaluate Bacillus thuringiensis performance on chayote following the protocols established by the IR-4 project. In this experiment the treatments were superior to the control but not statistically significant. The effects of an unusual seasonal drought, a great variability in the size and weight of the chayote together with low infestation levels of Diaphania nitidalis were determinant factors affecting the results. Pesticide clearance requests were prepared for the control of Batrachedra comosae on pineapple and the banana weevil (Cosmopolites sordidus) on bananas and plantains.
Impacts
(N/A)
Publications
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Progress 01/01/95 to 12/30/95
Outputs
Field trials were carried out to obtain tolerances/registrations for the controlof: (a) symphillans, mealybugs and white grub in pineapple, (b) weeds in yams, taniers, cassava, apio and non-bell peppers, (c) whitefly and melonworm in calabaza, (d) leafminer in coffee, and (3) banana weevil and nematodes in plantains. Needs were determined and requests prepared for the control of: (a) annona seed borer and anthracnose in soursop, atemoya and sugar apple, (b) pod borers in pigeon peas, (c) banana weevil in plantains and (d) weeds in spiny coriander (culantro) and coriander. Proposals submitted to the EPA resulted in two new Pesticide Tolerance Crop Grouping Regulations: (a) add chayote to the cucurbit vegetables group, under the squash/cucumber subgroup, and (b) add culantro or recao to the herbs and spices group, under the herb subgroup.
Impacts
(N/A)
Publications
- No publications reported this period.
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Progress 01/01/94 to 12/30/94
Outputs
Thirteen projects were underway to obtain residue and efficacy data in order to register chemical pest control agents for various tropical crops: pineapple, coffee, yam, tanier, cassava, arracacha and non-bell peppers. All projects were carried out in compliance with Good Laboratory Practices. Quality Assurance Reviews were conducted by the Regional and the Puerto Rico Quality Assurance Officers (QAO). Good Laboratory Practices Training Sessions for IR-4 cooperators were held during visits by the Regional QAO. Priorities for research needs in tropical crops were established by Puerto Rico, Southern Florida, Hawaii and California.
Impacts
(N/A)
Publications
- No publications reported this period.
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Progress 01/01/93 to 12/30/93
Outputs
Minor use needs were identified and researchable projects for tropical crops prioritized in coordination with IR-4 State Liaisons from Florida, Hawaii and California. Two GLP compliance training sessions to comply with Good Laboratory Practices were held for actual and potential field research directors and research centers administrators. One 1992 (Quizalofop/Pineapple) and one 1993 (Malathion/Pineapple) projects were completed in their field phases, and Quality Assurance reviews conducted for both.
Impacts
(N/A)
Publications
- No publications reported this period.
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