Progress 10/01/08 to 09/30/09
Outputs
OUTPUTS: This program aims to develop high-yielding agronomically acceptable potato varieties with resistance to multiple pests, including races Ro1 and Ro2 of golden cyst nematode, common scab, late blight, Colorado potato beetle, potato leafhopper, and potato virus Y. Twenty five to thirty thousand new clones are generated annually and then evaluated over a period of twelve to fifteen years to identify the few that have the right combination of agronomic and disease resistance characteristics to be released as new varieties. The most advanced clones currently being evaluated in NY and other Northeastern states are listed below. All are resistant to race Ro1 of the golden nematode and have been subjected to a minimum of six years of intensive selection for traits including yield, tuber appearance, chip color, boiling properties, and resistance to a variety of diseases. NY129 is a high-yielding late-season red-skinned clone with excellent resistance to scab and will be released as a variety in 2010. NY136 is a late maturing fresh market clone with deep red skin. NY138 may serve both fresh and chipping markets; it produces large, attractive tubers with very good chip color. NY139 has high specific gravity, excellent chip color and good resistance to common scab. NY140 is a late-season, very high yielding, tablestock clone with some resistance to GN race Ro2. NY144 is a mid season clone that produces many small red-skinned tubers. These clones will be evaluated again next season to obtain further performance data on which variety release decisions can be based. Annual presentations in Ithaca (Potato Show and Tell) and Syracuse (NY vegetable conference) and other venues are used to inform growers and the regional processing industry about the most promising clones, as well as to solicit input about what clones should continue to be evaluated, and ascertain what traits the industry most wishes to see incorporated in future varieties. Seed of advanced clones is provided to any grower who wishes to conduct on-farm trials before seed is available from commercial seed growers. PARTICIPANTS: Collaborators in the Northeast regional potato evaluation project (NE1031) evaluate advanced clones from our breeding program in Pennsylvania (Barb Christ), New Jersey (Mel Henninger), Maine (Greg Porter), Ohio (Matt Kleinhenz), Florida (Doug Gergela), North Carolina (Craig Yencho), Upstate New York (Don Halseth), and Long Island New York (Sandra Menasha). Their detailed feedback provides very useful information when we make annual decisions about which clones to save, which clones to drop, and which clones to release as new varieties. TARGET AUDIENCES: Our primary audiences are Northeast potato growers and potato chip processors. We make several public presentations to growers and industry representatives each year, describing our most advanced clones, and simultaneously solicit their feedback on whether we should continue evaluating each clone. We also distribute an annual report, titled Potato Show and Tell, that describes the performance of advanced clones in considerable detail. PROJECT MODIFICATIONS: Nothing significant to report during this reporting period.
Impacts
This project develops potato varieties resistant to both races of the golden cyst nematode as well as many other bacterial, fungal, viral and insect pests. Our breeding program is the only one in North America that focuses on incorporating resistance to golden nematode. Golden nematode resistant varieties are needed by farmers whose land is regulated by APHIS and NY State if they are to continue growing potatoes. Given recent outbreaks of golden nematode in the Canadian provinces of Quebec and Alberta, our GN-resistant varieties, and their offspring, are likely to be more widely grown in the coming decade, not only in Canada, but also in neighboring US states. Varieties that yield well, have good market features, and are resistant to multiple pests permit reduced pesticide applications and reduced production costs, benefiting both growers and the environment.
Publications
- Jung CS, Griffiths H, De Jong D, Cheng S, Bodis M, Kim T-S, De Jong W (2009) The potato developer (D) locus encodes an R2R3 MYB transcription factor that regulates expression of multiple anthocyanin structural genes in tuber skin. Theoretical and Applied Genetics 120: 45-47
- Zhang Y, Cheng S, De Jong D, Griffiths H, Halitschke R, De Jong W (2009) The potato R locus codes for dihydroflavonol 4-reductase. Theoretical and Applied Genetics 119: 931-937
- Ginzberg I, Barel G, Ophir R, Tzin E, Tanami Z, Muddarangappa T, De Jong W, and Fogelman E (2009) Transcriptomic profiling of heat-stress response in potato periderm. Journal of Experimental Botany 60: 4411-4421
- Zhang Y, Jung CS, and De Jong WS (2009) Genetic analysis of pigmented tuber flesh in potato. Theoretical and Applied Genetics 119: 143-150
- Brown CR, Durst RW, Wrolstad R, De Jong W (2008) Variability of Phytonutrient Content of Potato In Relation to Growing Location and Cooking Method. Potato Research 51: 259-270
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Progress 10/01/07 to 09/30/08
Outputs
OUTPUTS: This program aims to develop high-yielding agronomically acceptable potato varieties with resistance to multiple pests, including races Ro1 and Ro2 of golden cyst nematode, common scab, late blight, Colorado potato beetle, potato leafhopper, and potato virus Y. Fifteen to thirty thousand new clones are generated annually and then evaluated over a period of twelve to fifteen years to identify the few which have the right combination of agronomic and disease resistance characteristics to be released as new varieties. The most advanced clones currently being evaluated in NY and other Northeastern states are listed below. All are resistant to race Ro1 of the golden nematode and have been subjected to a minimum of six years of intensive selection for traits including yield, tuber appearance, chip color, boiling properties, and resistance to a variety of diseases. NY129 is a high-yielding late-season red-skinned clone with excellent resistance to scab. NY136 is a late maturing fresh market clone with deep red skin. NY138 may serve both fresh and chipping markets; it produces large, attractive tubers with very good chip color. NY139 has high specific gravity, excellent chip color and good resistance to common scab. NY140 is a late-season, very high yielding, tablestock clone with partial resistance to GN race Ro2. B13-1 is a high-yielding, early-to-mid season maturing, red-skinned clone. These clones will be evaluated again next season to obtain further performance data on which variety release decisions can be based. Annual presentations in Ithaca (Potato Show and Tell) and Syracuse (NY vegetable conference) and other venues are used to inform growers and the regional processing industry about the most promising clones, as well as to solicit input about what clones should continue to be evaluated, and ascertain what traits the industry most wishes to see incorporated in future varieties. Seed of advanced clones is provided to any grower who wishes to conduct on-farm trials before seed is available from commercial seed growers. PARTICIPANTS: Collaborators in the Northeast regional potato evaluation project (NE1031) evaluate advanced clones from our breeding program in Pennsylvania (Barb Christ), New Jersey (Mel Henninger), Maine (Greg Porter), Ohio (Matt Kleinhenz), Florida (Chad Hutchinson), North Carolina (Craig Yencho), and Long Island (Sandra Menasha). Their detailed feedback provides useful information when we make annual decisions about which clones to save, which clones to drop, and which clones to release as new varieties. TARGET AUDIENCES: Our primary audiences are Northeast potato growers and potato chip processors. We make several public presentations to growers and industry representatives each year, describing our most advanced clones, and simultaneously solicit their feedback on whether we should continue evaluating each clone. We also distribute an annual report, titled Potato Show and Tell, that describes the performance of advanced clones in considerable detail. PROJECT MODIFICATIONS: Not relevant to this project.
Impacts
This project develops potato varieties resistant to both races of the golden cyst nematode as well as many other bacterial, fungal, viral and insect pests. Our breeding program is the only one in North America that focuses on incorporating resistance to golden nematode. Golden nematode resistant varieties are needed by farmers whose land is regulated by APHIS and NY State if they are to continue growing potatoes. Given recent outbreaks of golden nematode in the Canadian provinces of Quebec and Alberta, our GN-resistant varieties, and their offspring, are likely to be more widely grown in the coming decade, not only in Canada, but also in neighboring US states. Varieties that yield well, have good market features, and are resistant to multiple pests permit reduced pesticide applications and reduced production costs, benefiting both growers and the environment.
Publications
- No publications reported this period
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Progress 10/01/06 to 09/30/07
Outputs
This program aims to develop high-yielding agronomically acceptable lines with resistance to multiple pests, including races Ro1 and Ro2 of golden nematode, common scab, late blight, Colorado potato beetle, potato leafhopper, and potato virus Y. Fifteen to thirty thousand new clones are generated annually and then evaluated over a period of twelve to fifteen years to identify the few which have the right combination of agronomic and disease resistance characteristics to be released as new varieties. The most advanced clones currently being evaluated in NY and other Northeastern states are listed below. All are resistant to race Ro1 of the golden nematode and have been subjected to a minimum of six years of intensive selection for traits including yield, tuber appearance, chip color, boiling properties, and resistance to a variety of diseases. NY129 is a high-yielding late-season red-skinned clone with excellent resistance to scab. NY136 is a late maturing fresh market
clone with deep red skin. NY138 may serve both fresh and chipping markets; it produces large, attractive tubers with very good chip color. NY139 has high specific gravity, excellent chip color and good resistance to common scab. NY140 is a late-season, very high yielding, tablestock clone with partial resistance to GN race Ro2. These clones will be evaluated again next season to obtain further performance data on which variety release decisions can be based. We released one new variety in 2007, Lehigh, which was previously evaluated as NY126. Lehigh is a widely-adapted, high-yielding yellow-fleshed tablestock clone with excellent resistance to common scab.
Impacts
This project develops potato varieties resistant to both races of the golden cyst nematode as well as many other bacterial, fungal, viral and insect pests. Our breeding program is the only one in North America that focuses on incorporating resistance to golden nematode. Golden nematode resistant varieties are needed by farmers whose land is regulated by APHIS and NY State if they are to continue growing potatoes. Given recent outbreaks of golden nematode in the Canadian provinces of Quebec and Alberta, our GN-resistant varieties, and their offspring, are likely to be more widely grown in the coming decade, not only in Canada, but also in neighboring US states. Varieties that yield well, have good market features, and are resistant to multiple pests will lead to reduced pesticide applications and reduced production costs, benefiting both growers and the environment.
Publications
- Van Deynze, A., Douches, D., De Jong, W. and Francis, D. 2007. Summary of solanaceae coordinating meetings. Acta Hort. (ISHS) 745:533-536
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Progress 01/01/06 to 12/31/06
Outputs
This program aims to develop high-yielding agronomically acceptable lines with resistance to multiple pests, including races Ro1 and Ro2 of golden nematode, common scab, late blight, Colorado potato beetle, potato leafhopper, and potato virus Y. Fifteen to thirty thousand new clones are generated annually and then evaluated over a period of twelve to fifteen years to identify the few which have the right combination of agronomic and disease resistance characteristics to be released as new varieties. The most advanced clones currently being evaluated in NY and other Northeastern states are listed below. All are resistant to race Ro1 of the golden nematode and have been subjected to a minimum of six years of intensive selection for traits including yield, tuber appearance, chip color, boiling properties, and resistance to a variety of diseases. NY126 is a yellow-fleshed tablestock clones with excellent resistance to common scab. NY129 is a high-yielding late-season
red-skinned clone with excellent resistance to scab. NY136 is a late maturing fresh market clone with deep red skin. NY138 may serve both fresh and chipping markets; it produces large, attractive tubers with very good chip color. NY139 has high specific gravity, excellent chip color and good resistance to common scab. These clones will be evaluated again next season to obtain further performance data on which variety release decisions can be based. We released one new variety in 2006, King Harry, which was previously evaluated as NY131. King Harry is a successor to Prince Hairy, and like its predecessor is a tablestock clone with trichome-mediated insect resistance effective against potato leafhoppers and other insect pests.
Impacts
This project develops potato varieties resistant to both races of the golden cyst nematode as well as many other bacterial, fungal, viral and insect pests. Nematode resistant varieties are needed by farmers whose land is regulated by APHIS and NY State if they are to continue growing potatoes. Varieties that yield well, have good market features, and are resistant to multiple pests will lead to reduced pesticide applications and reduced production costs, benefiting both growers and the environment.
Publications
- Brown CR, Kim TS, Ganga Z, Haynes K, De Jong D, Jahn M, Paran I, De Jong W. 2006. Segregation of total carotenoid in high level potato germplasm and its relationship to beta-carotene hydroxylase polymorphism. American Journal of Potato Research 83:365-372.
- van Os H, Andrzejewski S, Bakker E, Barrena I, Bryan GJ, Caromel B, Ghareeb B, Isidore E, De Jong W, van Koert P, Lefebvre V, Milbourne D, Ritter E, Rouppe van der Voort JNAM, Rousselle-Bourgeois F, van Vliet J, Waugh R, Visser RGF, Bakker J, van Eck HJ. 2006. Construction of a 10,000 marker ultra-dense genetic recombination map of potato: providing a framework for accelerated gene isolation and a genome-wide physical map. Genetics 173, 1075-1087.
- De Jong WS, Halseth DE, Brodie BB, Perry KL, Sieczka JS, Christ BJ, Porter GA, Paddock KM, Peck MW and Plaisted RL. 2006. Marcy, a Chipping Variety with Resistance to Common Scab and the Golden Nematode. American Journal of Potato Research 83:189-103.
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Progress 01/01/05 to 12/31/05
Outputs
This program aims to develop high-yielding agronomically acceptable lines with resistance to multiple pests, including races Ro1 and Ro2 of golden nematode, common scab, late blight, Colorado potato beetle, potato leafhopper, and potato virus Y. Fifteen to thirty thousand new clones are generated annually and then evaluated over a period of twelve to fifteen years to identify the few which have the right combination of agronomic and disease resistance characteristics to be released as new varieties. The most advanced clones currently being evaluated in NY and other Northeastern states are listed below. All are resistant to race Ro1 of the golden nematode and have been subjected to a minimum of six years of intensive selection for traits including yield, tuber appearance, chip color, boiling properties, and resistance to a variety of diseases. NY126 is a yellow-fleshed tablestock clones with excellent resistance to common scab. NY127 and NY128 yield well and are
resistant to both races Ro1 and Ro2 of the golden cyst nematode. NY128 is also resistant to late blight. NY129 is a high-yielding late-season red-skinned clone with excellent resistance to scab. NY131 is a tablestock clone with trichome-mediated insect resistance effective against Colorado potato beetle and potato leafhoppers. NY137 produces high yields of large, attractive tubers and has moderate resistance against common scab. NY138 may serve both fresh and chipping markets; it produces large, attractive tubers with very good chip color. NY139 has high specific gravity, excellent chip color and good resistance to common scab. These clones will be evaluated again next season to obtain further performance data on which variety release decisions can be based. No cultivars were released by our program in 2005, although NY126 and NY129 are both being considered for release in 2006. Our most releases were Adirondack Blue in 2003 and Adirondack Red in 2004. These specialty market clones
have purple skin/purple flesh and red skin/red flesh, respectively. Commercial growers produced an acre of certified seed of each Adirondack cultivar in 2005.
Impacts
This project develops potato varieties resistant to both races of the golden cyst nematode as well as many other bacterial, fungal, viral and insect pests. Nematode resistant varieties are needed by farmers whose land is regulated by APHIS and NY State if they are to continue growing potatoes. Varieties that yield well, have good market features, and are resistant to multiple pests will lead to reduced pesticide applications and reduced production costs, benefiting both growers and the environment.
Publications
- Li, X.-Q., De Jong, H., De Jong, D.M., De Jong, W.S. 2005. Inheritance and genetic mapping of tuber eye depth in cultivated diploid potatoes. Theoretical and Applied Genetics 110:1068-1073.
- Solomon-Blackburn, R.M., Barker, H., Bradshaw, J.E., De Jong, W. 2004. Evidence that resistance to potato leafroll virus accumulation in tetraploid Solanum tuberosum L. is controlled by one or few major genes that are not complementary. Potato Research 46, 137-145.
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Progress 01/01/04 to 12/31/04
Outputs
This program aims to develop high-yielding agronomically acceptable lines with resistance to multiple pests, including races Ro1 and Ro2 of golden nematode, common scab, late blight, Colorado potato beetle, potato leafhopper, and potato virus Y. Fifteen to thirty thousand new clones are generated annually and then evaluated over a period of twelve to fifteen years to identify the few which have the right combination of agronomic and disease resistance characteristics to be released as new varieties. The most advanced clones currently being evaluated in NY and other Northeastern states are listed below. All are resistant to race Ro1 of the golden nematode and have been subjected to a minimum of six years of intensive selection for traits including yield, tuber appearance, chip color, boiling properties, and resistance to a variety of diseases. NY125 and NY126 are yellow-fleshed tablestock clones. NY125 produces oblong tubers with attractive shape while NY126 has
excellent resistance to common scab. NY126 will likely be released as a new variety in 2005 or 2006. NY127 and NY128 yield well and are resistant to both races Ro1 and Ro2 of the golden cyst nematode. NY128 is also resistant to late blight. NY129 is a high-yielding late-season red-skinned clone with excellent resistance to scab. NY131 is a tablestock clone with trichome-mediated insect resistance effective against Colorado potato beetle and potato leafhoppers. NY132 is a late maturing chipstock clone with attractive tubers and excellent resistance to common scab. NY133 is an early to mid-season bright-skinned tablestock clone with excellent resistance to common scab. NY134 is a mid to late-season tablestock clone with high yields of oblong, shallow-eyed tubers and moderate resistance to common scab. These clones will be evaluated again next season to obtain further performance data on which variety release decisions can be based. The variety Adirondack Red was released by our program
in 2004. Formerly known as T17-2, this clone has red skin and flesh and is intended for use in niche, high-value, specialty markets. Adirondack Blue, formerly known as S45-5, was released in 2003. This specialty variety has purple skin and flesh. Molecular genetic studies support some of our variety development goals. The H1 gene confers resistance against race Ro1 of the golden cyst nematode. In 2003 we developed a PCR marker assay to facilitate the identification of progeny with H1. Current bioassays to identify potato clones resistant to race Ro2 of the golden cyst nematode are particularly tedious and time consuming. We are currently mapping the genes responsible for resistance against race Ro2 in a tetraploid population. The ultimate goal is to develop a marker assay, like that developed for H1, so that we can more efficiently identify resistant progeny in our breeding program.
Impacts
This project develops potato varieties resistant to both races of the golden cyst nematode as well as many other bacterial, fungal, viral and insect pests. Nematode resistant varieties are needed by farmers whose land is regulated by APHIS and NY State if they are to continue growing potatoes. Varieties that yield well, have good market features, and are resistant to multiple pests will lead to reduced pesticide applications and reduced production costs, benefiting both growers and the environment.
Publications
- Medeiros, A.H., Tingey, W.M., and De Jong, W.S. 2004. Mechanisms of resistance to potato leafhopper, Empoasca fabae (Harris), in potato. American Journal of Potato Research 81: 431-441.
- Porter, G.A., Lambert, D.H., Bushway, A.A., Plaisted, R.L., Paddock, K.M., De Jong, W.S., and Halseth, D.E. 2004. Monticello: a mid-season variety with good tuber appearance and chipping potential from mid- to long-term storage. American Journal of Potato Research 81, 134-152.
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Progress 01/01/03 to 12/31/03
Outputs
This program aims to develop high-yielding agronomically acceptable lines with resistance to multiple pests, including races Ro1 and Ro2 of golden nematode, common scab, late blight, Colorado potato beetle, potato leafhopper, and potato virus Y. Twenty-five thousand new lines are generated annually and then evaluated over a period of twelve to fifteen years to identify the few clones which have the right combination of agronomic and disease resistance characteristics to be released as new varieties. The most advanced clones currently being evaluated in NY and other Northeastern states are listed below. All are resistant to race Ro1 of the golden nematode and have been subjected to a minimum of six years of intensive selection for traits including yield, tuber appearance, chip color, boiling properties, and resistance to a variety of diseases. The variety Monticello (formerly known as NY102) is a chipstock clone with resistance to scab that holds chip color late into
the storage season. It was released jointly with the Maine Agricultural Research Experiment Station in 2003. NY120 is a mid-late season chipping clone with yields, gravity and chip color like Atlantic, but fewer internal defects. NY125 and NY126 are yellow-fleshed tablestock clones. NY125 produces oblong tubers with attractive shape while NY126 has excellent resistance to common scab. NY127 and NY128 yield well and are resistant to both races Ro1 and Ro2 of the golden cyst nematode. NY128 is also resistant to late blight. NY129 is a high-yielding late-season red-skinned clone with excellent resistance to scab. NY131 is a tablestock clone with trichome-mediated insect resistance effective against Colorado potato beetle and potato leafhoppers. NY132 is a late maturing chipstock clone with attractive tubers and excellent resistance to common scab. These clones will be evaluated again next season to obtain further performance data on which variety release decisions can be based. Molecular
genetic studies support some of our variety development goals. The H1 gene confers resistance against race Ro1 of the golden cyst nematode. In 2003 we developed a PCR marker assay to facilitate the identification of progeny with H1. Current bioassays to identify potato clones resistant to race Ro2 of the golden cyst nematode are particularly tedious and time consuming. We have recently begun to map the genes responsible for resistance against Ro2 in a tetraploid population. The ultimate goal is to develop a marker assay, like that developed for H1, so that we can more efficiently identify resistant progeny in our breeding program.
Impacts
This project develops potato varieties resistant to both races of the golden cyst nematode as well as many other bacterial, fungal, viral and insect pests. Nematode resistant varieties are needed by farmers whose land is regulated by APHIS and NY State if they are to continue growing potatoes. Varieties that yield well, have good market features, and are resistant to multiple pests will lead to reduced pesticide applications and reduced production costs, benefiting both growers and the environment.
Publications
- De Jong, W.S., De Jong, D.M., De Jong. H., Kalazich. J., and Bodis, M. 2003. An allele of dihydroflavonol 4-reductase associated with the ability to produce red anthocyanin pigments in potato (Solanum tuberosum L.). Theor. Appl. Genet. 107:1375-1383.
- De Jong, W.S., De Jong. D.M., and Bodis, M. 2003. A fluorogenic 5' nuclease (TaqMan) assay to assess dosage of a marker tightly linked to red skin color in autotetraploid potato. Theor. Appl. Genet. 107:1384-1390.
- Ben Chaim, A., Borovsky, Y., De Jong, W., and Paran, I. 2003. Linkage of the A locus for the presence of anthocyanin and fs10.1, a major fruit shape QTL in pepper. Theor. Appl. Genet. 106: 889-894.
- Isidore, E., van Os, H., Andrzejewski, S., Bakker, J., Barrena, I., Bryan, G.J., Caromel, B., van Eck, H., Ghareeb, B., De Jong, W., van Koert, P., Lefebvre, V., Milbourne, D., Ritter, E., Rouppe van der Voort, J., Rousselle-Bourgeois, F., van Vliet, J. and Waugh, R. 2003. Towards a marker-dense meiotic map of the potato genome: lessons from linkage group I. Genetics 165: 2107-2116.
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Progress 01/01/02 to 12/31/02
Outputs
This program aims to develop high-yielding agronomically acceptable lines with resistance to multiple pests, including races Ro1 and Ro2 of golden nematode, common scab, late blight, Colorado potato beetle, potato leafhopper, and potato virus Y. Twenty-five thousand new lines are generated annually and then evaluated over a period of twelve to fifteen years to identify the few clones which have the right combination of agronomic and disease resistance characteristics to be released as new varieties. The most advanced clones currently being evaluated in NY and other Northeastern states are listed below. All are resistant to race Ro1 of the golden nematode and have been subjected to a minimum of six years of intensive selection for traits including yield, tuber appearance, chip color, boiling properties, and resistance to a variety of diseases. The variety Marcy, named after the highest peak in NY State (and formerly known as NY112), was released in 2002. Marcy is a
late maturing chipstock clone with resistance to scab that consistently provides exceptional yields of well-shaped round to oblong tubers. NY102 is a chipstock clone with resistance to scab that holds chip color late into the storage season. It will likely be released jointly with the Maine Agricultural Research Experiment Station in 2003. NY120 is a mid-late season chipping clone with yields, gravity and chip color like Atlantic, but fewer internal defects. NY125 and NY126 are yellow-fleshed tablestock clones. NY126 has excellent resistance to common scab. NY127 and NY130, tablestock clones, and NY128, a chipping clone, all yield well and are resistant to both races Ro1 and Ro2 of the golden cyst nematode. NY128 is also resistant to late blight. NY129 is a late-season red-skinned clone with excellent resistance to scab. NY131 is a tablestock clone with trichome-mediated insect resistance effective against Colorado potato beetle and potato leafhoppers. NY132 is a late maturing
chipstock clone with attractive tubers and excellent resistance to common scab. These clones will be evaluated again next season to obtain further performance data on which variety release decisions can be based. Molecular genetic studies support some of our variety development goals. Tuber skin and flesh color are important quality traits in potato. In 2002 we identified an anthocyanin biosynthesis gene that cosegregates with the ability to produce purple pigments in tuber skin, and also identified a carotenoid pathway gene that cosegregates with the ability to produce yellow tuber flesh. Experiments to test whether these genes can be used to transform white varieties into purple skinned and/or yellow fleshed varieties have now begun. Current bioassays to identify potato clones resistant to race Ro2 of the golden cyst nematode are tedious and time consuming. We have recently begun to map the genes responsible for resistance against race Ro2 in a tetraploid population. Mapped genes
will guide the development of molecular markers that will, in turn, simplify the process of identifying nematode resistant clones.
Impacts
This project develops potato varieties resistant to both races of the golden cyst nematode as well as many other bacterial, fungal, viral and insect pests. Nematode resistant varieties are needed by farmers whose land is regulated by APHIS and NY State if they are to continue growing potatoes. Varieties that yield well, have good market features, and are resistant to multiple pests will lead to reduced pesticide applications and reduced production costs, benefiting both growers and the environment.
Publications
- Bryan G.J., McLean K., Bradshaw J.E., DeJong W.S., Phillips M., Castelli L., and Waugh R. 2002. Mapping QTLs for resistance to the cyst nematode Globodera pallida derived from the wild potato species Solanum vernei. 105, 68-77.
- Marano M.R., Malcuit I., De Jong W., Baulcombe D.C. 2002. High resolution genetic map of Nb, a gene that confers hypersensitive resistance to potato virus X in Solanum tuberosum. Theoretical and Applied Genetics 105, 192-200.
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Progress 01/01/01 to 12/31/01
Outputs
This program aims to incorporate resistance to Colorado potato beetle (CPB) and other insects by introgressing the sticky leaf hairs (trichomes) of the wild potato species Solanum berthaultii into cultivated potato. In 2001 the crossing program secured 128,000 seeds from 19 crosses where at least one parent exhibited insect resistance. Six thousand seven hundred seedlings from crosses made in 2000 were grown outdoors in six inch pots. Eight thousand seven hundred clones from 1999 crosses were grown in four-hill plots. Three hundred eighty eight clones from 1998 crosses were grown in 20-hill plots and evaluated for a biochemical component of trichome-mediated resistance, chip color and specific gravity. Sixty three clones from 1997 crosses were grown in 100-hill increase and selection plots and subjected to a first year of attack in the field by CPB and leafhoppers. Several of these clones exhibited near-immunity to leafhoppers. Thirteen advanced clones with good
trichome and crop features were grown in a replicated trial with exposure to leafhoppers and CPB. Our most advanced insect resistant clone is NYT88-19. This tablestock line has yielded an average of 90% of Atlantic in three yield trials, has a commercially acceptable appearance, does not accumulate high levels of glycoalkaloids in the tubers, and exhibits only a small (approximately 10%) yield reduction when grown without insecticide application. It is also resistant to race Ro1 of the golden nematode. NYT88-19 has been introduced to the NY State Foundation Seed Farm for routine virus elimination and to initiate production of high grade seed.
Impacts
This project seeks to develop agronomically-acceptable potato cultivars with broad-spectrum resistance to insects, including Colorado potato beetle, potato leafhopper, flea beetle, and potato tuber moth. Intrinsic resistance will reduce the need for toxic and potentially environmentally-damaging insecticides.
Publications
- No publications reported this period
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Progress 01/01/00 to 12/31/00
Outputs
This program aims to incorporate resistance to Colorado potato beetle (CPB) and other insects by introgressing the sticky leaf hairs (trichomes) of the wild potato species Solanum berthaultii into cultivated potato. In 2000 the crossing program secured 70,000 seeds from 22 crosses where at least one parent exhibited insect resistance. Over eleven thousand seedlings from crosses made in 1999 were grown outdoors in six inch pots. Almost six thousand clones from 1998 crosses were grown in four-hill plots and 736 were saved based on tuber type. Four hundred twenty-six clones from 1997 crosses were grown in 20-hill plots and evaluated for a biochemical component of trichome-mediated resistance, chip color and specific gravity. Seventy-six clones from 1996 crosses were grown in 60-hill increase and selection plots and subjected to a first year of selection conditions where they are subject to attack by CPB and leafhoppers. Many of these clones exhibited near-immunity to
leafhoppers. Fourteen advanced clones with good trichome and crop features were grown in a replicated trial with exposure to leafhoppers and CPB. NY123 is our most advanced insect resistant clone. This medium-late maturity tablestock line has bright white skin and combines trichome features with attractive tuber shape and good agronomic performance. It has displayed good resistance to Colorado beetles and to leafhoppers. It is also resistant to race Ro1 of the golden nematode, probably to PVY, and has scab resistance like Atlantic. NY123 is being multiplied by the NY Uihlein seed farm and by one commercial seed grower. The primary concern about this clone is its relatively high total glycoalkaloid (TGA) levels. TGA test results this winter should allow us make a firm decision on its future.
Impacts
This project seeks to develop agronomically-acceptable potato cultivars with broad-spectrum resistance to insects, including Colorado potato beetle, potato leafhopper, flea beetle, and potato tuber moth. Intrinsic resistance will reduce the need for toxic and potentially environmentally-damaging insecticides.
Publications
- No publications reported this period
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Progress 01/01/99 to 12/31/99
Outputs
Ovipositional behavior, larval establishment and developmental biology of the potato tuberworm (PTW), Phthorimaea operculella Zeller, were compared on foliage of a wild, insect-resistant potato species, Solanum berthaultii Hawkes, and that of a popular processing potato cultivar, cv. Atlantic (S. tuberosum L.). Total egg deposition (on and off foliage) on S. berthaultii was ca. 1/2 that on cv. Atlantic in both free-choice and no-choice assays. Only 11% of all eggs produced were deposited on foliage of S. berthaultii compared to a 92% deposition rate on foliage of cv. Atlantic suggesting the presence of chemical or physical deterrence phenomena or the absence of ovipositional stimulants on foliage of the former. A large proportion of larvae placed on cv. Atlantic dispersed to the abaxial leaf surface and constructed a protective silk tent prior to initiating feeding. These dispersal and silk tent construction behaviors were virtually absent among neonates placed on S.
berthaultii. Mortality of larvae confined to the foliage of S. berthaultii was ca. 7 times greater than that of larvae on cv. Atlantic. Leaf area consumption by individual larvae was ca. 50% less on the wild species compared to cultivated potato. Pupae reared on S. berthaultii weighed significantly less than their siblings reared on cv. Atlantic.
Impacts
Collectively, these negative impacts on PTW suggest that foliage of S. berthaultii expresses characteristics, that if under genetic regulation, might be useful in creating PTW-resistant potato cultivars through traditional breeding or molecular approaches.
Publications
- MALAKAR, R. D. & W. M. TINGEY. 1999. Resistance of Solanum berthaultii Hawkes foliage to potato tuberworm, Phthorimaea operculella Zeller (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae). J. Econ. Entomol. 92: 497-502.
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Progress 01/01/98 to 12/31/98
Outputs
In 1998, NY L235-4 was adopted by a seed company in Maine that caters to home gardeners and organic growers. They promoted this clone in their winter catalog. NY123 has been introduced to the NY foundation seed program. This is an improved clone with good resistance to leaf hoppers and Colorado beetles as well as golden nematode and virus Y. In the insect exposure trial in 1998, it suffered only a 5% yield reduction compared to 25% for Atlantic. Twenty-four new hybrid combinations were produced, mostly with NY123 as a parent. Seven thousand new hybrid clones were produced from seeds. In the first field evaluation, 348 clones were selected and 19 in the second generation which included evaluation for trichorne exudate production. Another 19 were saved in the third generation which included screening in the field exposure trial. These clones are currently being tested for glycoalkaloid content. The effort to utilize map assisted selection for trichome traits was
disappointing. Our collaboration with Chile, Brazil, and North Dakota on this project continues.
Impacts
(N/A)
Publications
- No publications reported this period
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Progress 01/01/97 to 12/31/97
Outputs
The trichome project has introduced R127-19 into the Uihlein Foundation Seed production. If future trials continue to be supportive, it will be our second germplasm release, after L235-4, or it could be our first variety release. In two pest free trails it yielded as well as standard varieties and in a pesticide-free trial if suffered only a 14% yield reduction compared to 79% for Allegany. It shows about 11% defoliation due to CPB and is nearly free of leaf hopper damage. It is also resistant to the golden nematode, PVY, and scab. As for creating new generations, 50 new hybrid combinations were made, 4340 new clones were produced from seeds, 205 survived one year of selection for tuber type, 106 survived a second year of selection for tuber type and trichome evaluation, and 41 were in the third year of evaluation. These have been extensively tested for tuber type, trichome features, CPB feeding, leaf hopper damage, virus resistance, and glycoalkaloid content. We
should have about 18 survivors following these tests. This year we also initiated map assisted selection for three significant loci affecting insect resistance.
Impacts
(N/A)
Publications
- No publications reported this period
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Progress 01/01/95 to 12/30/95
Outputs
Breeding for insect resistance now consumes about half our resources. A concerted effort is being made to identify a commercially acceptable variety in the generations now being grown. The newer generation selections N142-72 and NY140-201 have proven to be considerable more resistant in Colorado potato beetles (CPB) than the L235-4 which was released earlier, but their horticultural features are no better. Our 1995 program demonstrates the current scope and system used in selection. We transplanted 14,570 seedlings, grew 12,538 four-hill plots, 399 third year 24 hill plots, 68 fourth year plots, and 11 advanced generation clones. The third and fourth year plots were evaluated for CPB resistance and enzymatic browning which measures leaf hopper resistance. So far 94 have been saved for continued evaluation. From the four hill plots we made 1695 selections which will be selected in 24 hill plots for tuber type and yield before going into CPB trials.
Impacts
(N/A)
Publications
- NO PUBLICATIONS REPORTED THIS PERIOD.
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Progress 01/01/94 to 12/30/94
Outputs
This project describes a program to transfer to cultivated potatoes from a wild potato species, glandular leaf hairs which convey a nontoxic form of protection against a wide range of insects. Primary emphasis is being given to control of Colorado potato beetles. In a replicated trial under severe infestation, one clone (NY42-72) had 20% defoliation and 5 larvae per plant on 29 June compared with 80% defoliation and 29 larvae per plant on a standard variety. Our current goal is to produce a clone with this level of resistance and improved market qualities. To that end, this year we continued evaluation of 376 clones selected once before for tuber type. These were tested for beetle resistance, glandular secretion, and tuber and vine characters; 101 were saved. Almost 8000 clones were grown in four-hill plots and selected for tuber type; 558 were saved. Almost 16,000 seedlings were transplanted, from which 12,538 were saved. The crossing program produced 68 new
progenies. Each of these early generations could be the one to produce our first named variety with beetle resistance. At the molecular level, the resistance to beetle feeding is being mapped. It appears that more than trichone features are involved. In the future, this knowledge may be incorporated into selecting parents for crossing.
Impacts
(N/A)
Publications
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Progress 01/01/92 to 12/30/92
Outputs
The glandular trichome population that gives broad spectrum insect resistance has become a major component of this potato breeding program. Mid generation clones with good tuber and vine traits, trichome properties, and beetle resistance are being intensively evaluated. Fifteen thousand new seedlings produced 7603 clones with acceptable tuber color and shape. These also segregate for resistance to golden nematodes, PVX, and PVY. From 5832 second generation clones, we saved 537 on the basis of CPB feeding and tuber type. There are another 278 saved during the winter for good MEBA score, indication of A trichome quality. The clone L235-4 is being released as a source of germ plasm for other breeders. We expect to release a variety in the next generation of crosses. L235-4 was grown in half acre demonstration trials on Long island and the Savannah muck. Good control was obtained with a greatly reduced use of chemical protection.
Impacts
(N/A)
Publications
- No publications reported this period.
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