Progress 07/01/93 to 09/30/06
Outputs
This program has terminated and the professor is no longer in the Department of Agronomy
Impacts
New insight on the organization and function of plant genes and genomes, and new germplasm that may contribute to the development of Brassica cultivars.
Publications
- Amorntip Muangprom, Ivan Mauriera, and Thomas C. Osborn. 2006. Transfer of a Dwarf Gene from Brassica rapa to Oilseed B. napus, Effects on Agronomic Traits, and Development of a Perfect Marker for Selection Molecular Breeding17:101-110.
- Jianlin Wang, Lu Tian, Hyeon-Se Lee, Ning E. Wei, Hongmei Jiang, Brian Watson, Andreas Madlung, Thomas C. Osborn, R. W. Doerge, Luca Comaiand Z. Jeffrey Chen. 2006 Genomewide Nonadditive Gene Regulation in Arabidopsis Allotetraploids Genetics 172:507-517.
- Jianwei Zhao, Joshua A. Udall, Pablo A. Quijada, Craig R. Grau, Jinling Meng and Thomas C. Osborn. 2006. Quantitative trait loci for resistance to Sclerotinia sclerotiorum and its association with a homeologous non-reciprocal transposition in Brassica napus L. TAG112:509-516.
- Joshua A. Udall, Pablo A. Quijada, Bart Lambert, and Thomas C. Osborn 2006. Quantitative trait analysis of seed yield and other complex traits in hybrid spring rapeseed (Brassica napus L.): 2. Identification of alleles from unadapted germplasm. TAG113:597-609.
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Progress 01/01/05 to 12/31/05
Outputs
Molecular markers have been useful tools in understanding the evolution and relationships of the Brassicas
Impacts
This project is providing new insight on the organization and function of plant genes and genomes, and new germplasm that may contribute to the development of Brassica cultivars.
Publications
- No publications reported this period
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Progress 01/01/04 to 12/31/04
Outputs
We are using molecular markers to study genome organization and evolution in Brassica species and to analyze genes controlling important traits. We have completed the development of new SSR markers using an in silico approach based on B. oleracea genomic DNA sequence information. Data are being collected for sequenced RFLP and SSR markers and used to develop public linkage maps for rapid cycling B. rapa and B. oleracea. We completed the development of populations that are segregating for phenotypic mutants in B. oleracea. We began to collect DNA from these populations in order to conduct a bulked-segregant analysis that should allow us to place the mutants in our B. oleracea linkage map. We plan to use these mutant lines to characterize their causative genes and to study the function of duplicate genes in Brassica. We have recreated 50 Brassica napus polyploids by hybridization of the two diploid progenitor species. We found very few genome rearrangements but many
changes in DNA methylation in the initial generation of these polyploids. Each of these polyploids was selfed to the S5 generation where we found many more genomic rearrangements. Most of these rearrangments appear to involve homoeologous chromosomal transpositions. Gene silencing and variation in phenotype also increased from the S1 to S5 generation. We have transferred alleles for increased hybrid seed yield at six QTL into a new genetic background using marker-assisted selection. We also re-segregated the alleles in the same genetic background. The new lines have been used as male parents to produce hybrid seed. The hybrids will be evaluated during the next two growing seasons to see if the results from the original discovery experiment can be validated, and to determine if the alleles also function to increase seed yield in different genetic backgrounds. We are studying the genetics of resistance to Sclerotinia in canola (Brassica napus). We have identified eight QTL for
Sclerotinia resistance in two segregating populations of canola (Brassica napus). One major QTL was found in the region of a non-reciprocal transposition. We also have investigated gene expression profiles associated with Sclerotinia resistance in the resistant parent of our mapping population and one susceptible cultivar at three time points after infection using Oligo-gene microarrays containing 26,000 predicted genes from Arabidopsis.
Impacts
This project is providing new insight on the organization and function of plant genes and genomes, and new germplasm that may contribute to the development of Brassica cultivars.
Publications
- Lee H-S, Wang J, Tian L, Black MA, Jiang H, Madlung A, Lukens L, Pires JC, Comai L, Osborn TC, Doerge RW, Chen ZJ (2004) Sensitivity of 70-mer oligonucleotides and cDNAs for microarray analysis of gene expression in Arabidopsis and its related species. Plant Biotech J 2:45-57
- Paterson A, Quiros C, Osborn T, Amasino R, Ming R, Yuksel B, Lee S, Bowers J, Chapman B, Estill J (2004) Stepping out from Arabidopsis: toward analysis of genomic diversity in the Brassicaceae using genetically-anchored physical. Plant & Animal Genome XII http://www.intl-pag.org/12/abstracts/W11_PAG12_42.html
- Osborn TC, J. Chris Pires JC, Leon E, Gaeta R, Lukens L (2004) Genome evolution in synthetic Brassica polyploids. French-American Polyploid Symposium
- Pires, JC, Birchler J, Chen ZJ, Comai L, Doerge RW, Martiennsen R , Osborn T (2004) Functional genomics of plant polyploids: Research on the effects of polyploidy in Arabidopsis, Brassica, and corn. Plant & Animal Genome XII, P840 http://www.intl-pag.org/12/abstracts/P7b_PAG12_840.html
- Quijada PA, Maureira IJ, Osborn TC (2004) Confirmation of QTL controlling seed yield in spring canola (Brassica napus L.) hybrids. Molec Breed 13:193-200
- Muangprom A, Osborn TC (2004) Characterization of a dwarf gene in Brassica rapa, including the identification of a candidate gene. Theor Appl Genet 108:1378-1384
- Chen ZJ, Wang J, Tian L, Lee H-S, Lee JJ, Wang JJ, Josefsson C, Madlung A, Watson B, Pires JC, Lippman Z, Vaughn M, Colot V, Doerge RW, Martienssen RA, Comai L, Osborn TC (2004) The development of an Arabidopsis model system for genome-wide analysis of polyploid effects. Biol J Linnaen Soc 82:689-700
- Zhao J, Peltier AJ, Meng J, Osborn TC, Grau, CR (2004) Evaluation of sclerotinia stem rot resistance in oilseed Brassica napus using a petiole inoculation technique under greenhouse conditions. Plant Disease 88:1033-1039
- Quijada PA, Udall JA, Polewicz H, Vogelzang RD, Osborn TC (2004) Phenotypic effects of introgressing French winter germplasm into hybrid spring canola (Brassica napus L.). Crop Sci 44:1982-1989
- Udall JA, Quijada PA, Polewicz H, Vogelzang RD, Osborn TC (2004) Phenotypic effects of introgressing Chinese winter and resynthesized Brassica napus L. germplasm into hybrid spring canola. Crop Sci 44:1990-1996
- Himelblau E, Lauffer D, Teutonico R, Pires JC, Osborn TC (2004) Rapid-cycling Brassica in research and education. In: Pua EC, Douglas CJ (eds) Biotechnology in Agriculture and Forestry, Vol. 54, Springer-Verlag, Heidelberg, pp 13-26
- Zhao J, Pielter A, Grau C, Meng J, Osborn T (2004) Evaluation of Sclerotinia Resistance and Defining QTL Regions in Brassica napus. 2004 Natl Sclerotinia Initiative Ann Meeting, Minneapolis, MN, http://www.whitemoldresearch.com/HTML/NEWSDETAILS.cfm?ID=7, p. 16
- Jianwei Zhao, Craig Grau, Jinling Meng, Thomas Osborn (2004) Quantitative trait loci for Sclerotinia resistance in Brassica napus. Joint meeting of the 14th Crucifer Genetics Workshop and the 4th ISHS Symposium on Brassicas, Korea, October 24-28. p.181
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Progress 01/01/03 to 12/31/03
Outputs
We are using molecular markers to study genome organization and evolution in Brassica species and to analyze genes controlling important traits. We have developed public genetic mapping populations for B. rapa and B. oleracea. The parents of these populations have been screened with sequenced RFLP probes and with new and existing public SSR markers. We have initiated screening of the mapping populations to collect genotype data for developing the maps. We also have developed populations that are segregating for phenotypic mutants. We plan to map the mutant genes and use these genes to study the function of duplicate genes in Brassica. We have recreated 50 Brassica napus polyploids by hybridization of the two diploid progenitor species. We found very few genome rearrangements but many changes in DNA methylation in the initial generation of these polyploids. Each of these polyploids was selfed to the S5 generation and they are being reanalyzed for genome rearrangements
and methylation changes. We are also analyzing the lines for changes in gene expression and phenotype associated with polyploid formation. We have introgressed a dwarf gene from B. rapa into B. napus and determined that it has useful phenotypic effects in hybrid canola. The dwarf gene was cloned by comparative mapping to Arabidopsis and shown to be a mutated form of RGA, a protein involved in gibberellin signaling. The dwarf phenotype is caused by a novel mutation in the C-terminal region of the RGA gene, and the identification of this novel mutation provides new insight on the signaling pathway of gibberellin. We have transferred alleles for increased hybrid seed yield at six QTL into a new genetic background using marker-assisted selection. The new lines will be used as male parents in hybrid seed production and the hybrids will be evaluated to determine if the alleles also function to increase seed yield in different genetic backgrounds. We are studying the genetics of resistance
to Sclerotinia in canola (Brassica napus). We have screened a wide range of germplasm and found several accessions from China that are highly resistant. One of these accessions was used as a parent in a mapping population. We screened the population for reaction to Sclerotinia and identified several QTL controlling resistance. These QTL are being dissected by backcross analysis. We are also developing additional mapping populations using other resistance sources as parents.
Impacts
This project is providing new insight on the organization and function of plant genes and genomes, and new germplasm that may contribute to the development of Brassica cultivars.
Publications
- Udall JA, Quijada PA, Osborn TC (2003) Detection of de novo and segregating chromosome rearrangements in four mapping populations of Brassica napus L. Plant & Animal Genome XI, W69 (http://www.intl-pag.org/11/abstracts/W10_W69_XI.html)
- Lukens L, Zou F, Parkin I, Lydiate D, Osborn T (2003) A quantitative approach toward Brassica and Arabidopsis genome alignment. Plant and Animal Genome XI, W71 (http://www.intl-pag.org/11/abstracts/W10_W71_XI.html)
- Osborn TC (2003) The molecular basis of variation arising from polyploidy. Seventh Intl. Congress Plant Molec. Biol. abstr no B-30
- Muangprom A, Osborn TC (2003) A novel mutation in the Brassica homolog of the green revolution gene. Intl Conf on Arabidopsis Res, Abstr. 357
- Osborn TC, Pires JC, Birchler JA, Auger DL, Chen ZJ, Lee H-S, Comai L, Madlung A, Doerge RW, Colot V, Martienssen RA (2003) Understanding mechanisms of novel gene expression in polyploids. Trends Genet 19:141-147
- Lukens L, Zou F, Lydiate D, Parkin I, Osborn T (2003) Comparison of a Brassica oleracea genetic map with the genome of Arabidopsis thaliana. Genetics 164:359-372
- Osborn TC, Butruille DV, Sharpe AG, Pickering KJ, Parkin IAP, Parker JS, Lydiate DJ (2003) Detection and effects of a homologous reciprocal transposition in Brassica napus. Genetics 165:1569-1577
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Progress 01/01/02 to 12/31/02
Outputs
We are using molecular markers to study genome organization and evolution in Brassica species and to analyze genes controlling important traits. We have developed public genetic mapping populations for B. rapa and B. oleracea. These populations are being screened with sequenced RFLP probes and public SSR markers, which will allow comparison of the maps to the fully sequenced genome of the related model organism Arabidopsis thaliana. We have developed and screened a large mutagenized population of B. oleracea. Many phenotypic mutants were identified, and the genes causing these phenotypes are being characterized and mapped. We also have shown that gene sequences in resynthesized Brassica napus polyploids undergo rapid epigenetic changes, and that epigenetic changes in the flowering time gene, FLC, may be the cause of newly evolved variation in flowering time. We have introgressed a dwarf gene from B. rapa into B. napus and determined that it has useful phenotypic
effects in hybrid canola. The dwarf gene was cloned by comparative mapping to Arabidopsis and shown to be a mutated form of RGA.
Impacts
This project will provide tools for genomic research and breeding on this important group of crop plants. It also will provide basic information on the genetic control of important phenotypes and phenomena.
Publications
- Muangprom A, Maureira IJ, Osborn TC (2002) Effects of a dwarf gene transferred from rapid cycling Brassica rapa to canola (B. napus). (Poster 1006L). ASA, CSSA, SSSA Annual Meeting Abstracts [CDROM computer file]. ASA/CSSA/SSSA. Madison, WI, USA
- Muangprom A, Osborn TC (2002) A dwarf gene in Brassica rapa is homologous to Arabidopsis thaliana RGA. Comparative Plant Genomics, p.27
- Muangprom A, Udall J, Osborn TC (2002) Effects of exogenous GA3 on plant height and flowering time in dwarf mutants of Brassica species. Keystone Symposia: Specificity and Crosstalk in Plant Signal transduction, p. 61
- Schranz ME, Osborn TC (2002) Evolution and environmental interactions of life history traits in resynthesized polyploid Brassica napus. Evolution, Abstract 195
- Osborn TC, Lukens L Pires JC, Schranz ME, Lee H-S, Chen ZJ, Doerge RW (2002) Gene expression studies in Brassica. 13th Crucifer Genet Workshop Abstracts, p. 71
- Himelblau E, Buono K, Vogelzang R, Amasino RM, Osborn T (2002) Mutagenesis in Brassica oleracea. 13th Crucifer Genetics Workshop Abstracts, p. 124
- Lukens L, Zou F, Lydiate D, Parkin I, Osborn T (2002) Correlating the genomes of Brassica oleracea and Arabidopsis thaliana. 6th Gatersleben Research Conference, Abstract P36
- Kole C, Williams PH, Rimmer SR, Osborn TC (2002) Linkage mapping of genes controlling resistance to white rust (Albugo candida) in Brassica rapa (syn. campestris) and comparative mapping to B. napus and Arabidopsis thaliana. Genome 45:22-27
- Kole C, Thormann CE, Karlsson BH, Palta JP, Gaffney P, Yandell B, Osborn TC (2002) Comparative mapping of loci controlling winter survival and related traits in oilseed Brassica rapa and B. napus. Molec Breed 9:201-210
- Osborn TC, Pires JC, Birchler JA, Chen ZJ, Comai L, Doerge R, Martienssen RA (2002) Why become a polyploid? Plant & Animal Genome X, p. 65
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Progress 01/01/01 to 12/31/01
Outputs
We are using molecular markers to study genome organization in Brassica species and to analyze genes controlling flowering time and dwarf phenotypes. We have compared the genetic maps of B. rapa, B. oleracea and B. napus to the the physical map of the related model organism Arabidopsis thaliana. A B. oleracea genetic map was compared in detail using newly developed statistical procedures to identify significant collinear regions. The comparative maps will allow us to quickly identify candidate genes from Arabidopsis for traits we map in Brassica. We are using this approach to study flowering time genes, focusing on homologs of the Arabidopsis gene FLC. We have cloned and sequenced four copies of FLC from B. rapa and three copies from B. oleracea, and we have found allelic variation for flowering time at two of these loci in B. rapa. The diploid Brassica species are ancient polyploids, and our data suggests that allelic variation at multiple copies of FLC may help
explain the wide variation in flowering time observed within these species. We also have observed that variation in flowering time can evolve quickly in B. napus polyploids resynthesized from crosses of B. rapa and B. oleracea. We are analyzing these flowering time variants for differences in the expression of FLC and other flowering time genes. In addition to flowering time, we are also studying genes for dwarf phenotypes in Brassica species. We have identified a potentially useful dwarf gene in B. rapa and a potential candidate for this gene in Arabidopsis. This dwarf gene has been introgressed into B. napus and will be tested for phenotypic effects in hybrid canola.
Impacts
This research is expected to result in a better understanding of the genome structure and function of Brassica species and other crop species important for Wisconsin agriculture.
Publications
- Kole C, Quijada P, Michaels SD, Amasino RM, Osborn TC (2001) Evidence for homology of flowering-time genes VFR2 from Brassica rapa and FLC from Arabidopsis thaliana. Theor Appl Genet 102:425-430
- Lukens LN, Osborn TC (2001) Correlating the Brassica genetic map with the Arabidopsis physical map using BLAST. Plant & Animal Genome IX, www.intl-pag.org/pag/9/abstracts/P5e_08.html
- Quijada PA, Schranz EM, Osborn TC (2001) Multiple FLC homologs of in Brassica correspond with major QTL for flowering time. Plant & Animal Genome IX, www.intl-pag.org/pag/9/abstracts/P5e_05.html
- Lukens LN, F. Zou, TC Osborn (2001) Correlating the Brassica genetic map with the Arabidopsis physical map. 12th Interntl Conf on Arabidopsis Res, http://www.wisc.edu/union/info/conf/arabidopsis/abstracts.html#index abstr. no. 346
- Osborn TC, ME Schranz, PA Quijada, LN Lukens (2001) Polyploidy and genetic variation in Brassica species. Botany 2001 Abstr, p. 1 (invited)
- Osborn TC, Pires JC, Birchler JA, Chen ZJ, Comai L, Doerge R, Martienssen RA (2002) Why become a polyploid? Plant & Animal Genome X, p. 65 (invited)
- Osborn TC, Lukens L Pires JC, Schranz ME, Lee H-S, Chen ZJ, Doerge RW (2002) Gene expression studies in Brassica. 13th Crucifer Genet Workshop Abstracts, p. 71 (invited)
- Patterson AH, Lan T, Amasino R, Osborn TC, Quiros C (2001) Brasica genomics: a complement to, and early beneficiary of, the Arabidopsis sequence. Genome Biol 2:reviews 1011.1-1011.4
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Progress 01/01/00 to 12/31/00
Outputs
We are using molecular markers to study genome organization in Brassica species and to analyze genes controlling flowering time and dwarf phenotypes. We have compared the genetic maps of three Brassica species with the physical map of the related model organism Arabidopsis thaliana and found that some regions of these genomes are highly conserved while others are highly rearranged. The comparative maps will allow us to quickly identify candidate genes from Arabidopsis for traits we map in Brassica. This approach has been used to identify candidate genes for flowering time. Our data suggests that much of the variation in flowering time within Brassica species is due to alleles at homologs of the Arabidopsis flowering time gene FLC. Since the diploid Brassica species are ancient polyploids, allelic variation at multiple copies of FLC may help explain the wide variation in flowering time observed within these species. We also have observed that variation in flowering
time can evolve quickly in resynthesized B. napus polyploids, and we are analyzing these variants for differences in the expression of FLC. We also are use markers to identify candidate genes for dwarf phenotypes in Brassica species and for introducing these genes into hybrid cultivars of canola.
Impacts
Brassica includes several economically important crop plants, and information on the traits we are studying will be used to improvement these crops. Also, our studies have provided basic information on how polyploidy effects plant evolution.
Publications
- Lukens LN, Osborn TC (2000) Correlating the Brassica genetic map with the Arabidopsis physical map. Arabidopsis Genomics, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, p. 30
- Osborn TC (2000) Molecular markers and the concept of genome management. Agron Abstr p. 420
- Osborn TC (2000) Exploring useful diversity in unadapted germplasm. Agron Abstr p. 195
- Schranz ME, Osborn TC (2000) Novel flowering time variation in resynthesized polyploid Brassica napus. J Hered 91:242-246
- Udall JA, Butruille D, Osborn TC (2000) Fine mapping of VFN1 in Brassica napus. Plant & Animal Genome VIII, p. 120
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Progress 01/01/99 to 12/31/99
Outputs
We previously developed molecular markers for three important Brassica species and one Brassica pathogen (Leptosphaeria maculans), and we have used these markers to evaluate germ plasm, construct linkage maps, and map genes controlling important traits. In the past year, we used the markers to continue studying genes that control flowering time in Brassica species. We have obtained evidence that two genes, VFR2 and VFN1, are homologous to the Arabidopsis flowering time genes FLC and FT, respectively. We also have found that variation in flowering time can evolve very rapidly among resynthesized polyploids of Brassica napus. We began a new project to introgress and study genes conferring dwarf phenotypes in oilseed Brassica napus. These genes are needed in hybrid canola cultivars to reduce plant stature and prevent lodging.
Impacts
Brassica includes several economically important crop plants, and information on the traits we are studying will be used to improvement these crops. Also, our studies have provided basic information on how polyploidy effects plant evolution.
Publications
- Pongam P, Osborn TC, Williams PH (1999) Assessment of genetic variation among Leptosphaeria maculans isolates using pathogenicity data and AFLP analysis. Plant Disease 83:149-154
- Schranz ME, Osborn TC (1999) Genome evolution in polyploid Brassica species. XVI Interntl. Botany Congress, P. 212
- Robers MB, Williams PH, Osborn TC (1999) Cytogenetics of Eruca sativa/Brassica rapa hybrids produced by embryo rescue. Cruciferae Newsletter 21:41-42
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Progress 01/01/98 to 12/31/98
Outputs
We previously developed molecular markers for three important Brassica species, and used these markers to evaluate germ plasm, construct linkage maps and map genes controlling important traits. We are now using the markers in breeding applications of canola (Brassica napus), a potential new crop for Wisconsin. Our main objective is to increase the yields of hybrid spring canola grown in Wisconsin. Winter canolas are genetically very different than spring canolas based on phenotype, pedigree and molecular marker data. By introgressing winter germ plasm into spring types, we could increase the genetic diversity, and perhaps the yield, of spring hybrids. As an initial test of this concept, we developed lines having a spring growth habit, but containing varying amounts of winter germ plasm, and evaluated these as hybrids to two spring type testers during three growing seasons (1994, 1995 and 1996). The mean yields of the test hybrids for the three years were 49% higher
than the mean of open-pollinated cultivars and 20% higher than spring x spring hybrids. In order to determine if different germ plasm sources can contribute different favorable alleles for hybrid yield, we are introgressing five different germ plasms into a spring canola background. We developed inbred-backcross populations containing various genome segments from a German winter cultivar (Ceres) in two spring backgrounds. Lines from these populations were analyzed for molecular markers and tested in the field as hybrids and lines per se in 1996 and 1997. Two genomic regions from the winter parent were identified by QTL mapping that increased yield of the hybrids by 400 kg/ha. We have now made crosses and generated double-haploid progenies to re-evaluate these regions in the same and different genetic backgrounds. We also have introgressed two French winter germ plasms (cv Major and cv Samourai) into spring canola containing a commercial hybrid pollination control system. Populations
of double haploid lines and hybrids with these lines have been developed. These will be evaluated for molecular markers and seed yield in two locations for two years, and genomic regions affecting hybrid seed yield will be identified by QTL mapping. Finally, we have developed similar types of populations by introgressing germ plasm from a chinese winter cultivar and a B. napus genotype re-synthesized from the progenitor species, B. rapa and B. oleracea. These also will be evaluated to identify QTL affecting hybrid seed yield. The results of these different studies will be compared to determine if the different germ plasm sources contribute different favorable alleles.
Impacts
(N/A)
Publications
- Sadawski J, Osborn TC, Landry B, Quiros C (1998) Linkage group alignment from four independent Brassica oleracea RFLP maps. Genome 41:226-235
- Pongam P, Osborn TC, Williams PH (1998) Genetic analysis and identification of amplified fragment length polymorphism markers linked to the alm1 avirulence gene of Leptosphaeria maculans. Phytopathology 88:1068-1072
- Osborn TC (1998) Genome differences and the search for higher yield in oilseed Brassica. Joint ASHA-CSSA Plant Breeding Symposium, Charlotte, NC, p. 9.
- Osborn TC, Butruille DV, Kole C (1998) Expanding the gene pool and seed yield of spring oilseed rape. 11th Interntl. Crucifer Genetics Workshop
- Osborn TC, Butuille D (1998) Genome differences and introgreesion for hybrid yield in oilseed Brassica. Plant & Animal Genome VI, p. 131
- Deng Z, Osborn TC, Johnson-Flanagan AM (1998) Molecular cloning and genetic analysis of disease resistance gene analogs in Brassica napus. Plant & Animal Genome VI, p. 133
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Progress 01/01/97 to 12/31/97
Outputs
We previously developed molecular markers for three important Brassica species, and used these markers to evaluate germ plasm, construct linkage maps and map genes controlling important traits. We are now using the markers in breeding applications of canola, a potential new crop for Wisconsin. Our main objective is to increase the genetic diversity and yields of hybrid canola by introgressing winter germ plasm into spring types. We evaluated lines having a spring growth habit, but containing varying amounts of winter germ plasm, as hybrids to two spring type testers over three years (1994, 1995 and 1996). The mean yields of the test hybrids for the three years were 49% higher than the mean of open-pollinated cultivars and 20% higher than spring x spring hybrids. We also have developed backcross-inbred populations containing various segments of winter germ plasm in two spring backgrounds. Lines in these populations were analyzed for molecular markers and tested in the
field as hybrids and lines per se in 1996 and 1997. Two genomic regions from the winter parent were identified by QTL mapping that increased yield of the hybrids by 400 kg/ha. Finally, we converted two winter germ plasms to spring growth habit by backcrossing in spring growth habit alleles. Hybrids from these lines were the top yielders in 1996 and 1997 compared to all commercial checks. These new germ plasm sources are now being used in crosses to introduce a commercial hybrid pollination system, and to obtain more information on genes controlling hybrid yield.
Impacts
(N/A)
Publications
- Camargo LEA, Savides L, Jung G, Nienhuis J, Osborn TC 1997 Location of the self-incompatibility locus in an RFLP and RAPD map of Brassica oleracea. J Hered 88:57-60
- Kole C, Kole P,Vogelzang R, Osborn TC 1997 Genetic linkage map of a Brassica rapa recombinant inbred population. J Hered 88:553-557
- Song K, Osborn TC, Williams PH 1997 Taxonomy based on nuclear RFLP analysis. In: Kalia HR, Gupta SK (eds) Recent Advances in Oilseed Brassicas. Kalyani Publishers, Ludhiana, India, pp 12-24
- Osborn TC, Butruille DV, Kole C 1997 Exploring and using unadapted germ plasm in oilseed Brassica. II Encontro Brasileiro de Biotecnologia Vegetal, REBIO, Programas and Resumeos p. 41
- Butruille DV, Osborn TC 1997 Trait mapping in four populations ofr inbred backcross lines of oilseed Brassica napus. Plant & Animal Genome V p.105
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Progress 01/01/96 to 12/30/96
Outputs
We previously developed molecular markers for three important Brassica species, and used these markers to evaluate germ plasm, construct linkage maps and map genes controlling important traits. We are now using the markers in breeding applications of canola, a potential new crop for Wisconsin. Our main objective is to increase the genetic diversity and yields of hybrid canola by introgressing winter germ plasm into spring types. We evaluated lines having a spring growth habit, but containing varying amounts of winter germ plasm, as hybrids to two spring type testers over three years (1994, 1995 and 1996). The mean yields of the test hybrids for the three years were 49% higher than the mean of open-pollinated cultivars and 20% higher than spring x spring hybrids. We also have developed backcross-inbred populations containing various segments of winter germ plasm in two spring backgrounds. Lines in these populations were tested as hybrids and lines per se in 1996. Over
all, low levels of heterosis were detected. We are analyzing these lines with molecular markers in order to identify specific genes controlling hybrid vigor. Finally, we tested two winter germ plasms that had been converted to spring growth habit by backcrossing. The best lines and hybrids were the top yielders compared to all commercial checks. These new germ plasm sources are now being used in crosses to introduce a commercial hybrid pollination system, and to obtain more information on genes controlling hybrid yield.
Impacts
(N/A)
Publications
- Diers BW, McVetty PBE, Osborn TC (1996) Relationship between heterosis and genetic distance based on restriction fragment length polymorphism markers in oilseed rape (Brassica napus). Crop Sci 36:79-83.
- Thormann CE, Romero J, Mantet J, Osborn TC (1996) Mapping loci controlling the concentrations of erucic and linolenic acids in seed oil of Brassica napus L. Theor Appl Genet 93:282-286.
- Kole C, Teutonico R, Mengistu A, Williams PH, Osborn TC (1996) Molecular mapping of a locus controlling resistance to Albugo candida in Brassica rapa. Phytopathology 86:367-369.
- Butruille DV, Vogelzang RD, Osborn TC (1996) Hybrid performance of spring rapeseed with winter germplasm introgression. Agron Abstr p. 164.
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Progress 01/01/93 to 12/30/93
Outputs
We are developing and using molecular markers for genetic analysis and improvement of vegetable and oilseed Brassica species. Linkage maps of oilseed B. rapa and B. napus and vegetable B. oleracea have been developed, each containing over 100 RFLP loci. The mapping populations were assayed for several traits, and these data were analyzed with molecular marker data in order to determine the location and effects of genes controlling the traits. In B. napus, genes controlling vernalization requirement, winter survival, seed oil composition and resistances to white rust and black leg were identified. In B. rapa, we identified genes for vernalization requirement, freezing tolerance, seed oil composition and color, and pubescence. Genes for vernalization requirement, black rot resistance and self-incompatibility were identified in B. oleracea. The genetic control of these traits ranged from single genes with major effects to several genes with minor effects. The map
positions of RFLP and trait loci are being compared in the three species to obtain evidence for or against gene conservation in these species.
Impacts
(N/A)
Publications
- SONG, K.M., J.Y. SUZUKI, M.K. SLOCUM and T.C. OSBORN (1993) RFLP Linkage map of Brassica rapa (syn. campestris) 2n=20. In: S.J. O'Brien (ed) Genetic Maps, 6th edition. Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press, N.Y., pp 6.94-6.95.
- CAMARGO, L., L. SAVIDES and T. OSBORN (1993) Mapping RFLP and trait loci in Brassica oleracea. Eighth Crucifer Genetics Workshop Program, p. 51.
- FERRIERA, M., R. TEUTONICO and T. OSBORN (1993) Mapping trait loci in oilseed Brassica. Eighth Crucifer Genetics Workshop Program, p. 10.
- TEUTONICO, R.A., J.P. PALTA and T.C. OSBORN (1993) In vitro freezing tolerance in relation to winter survival of rapeseed cultivars. Crop Sci. 33:103-107.
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Progress 01/01/92 to 12/30/92
Outputs
We are developing and using molecular markers for genetic analysis and improvement of vegetable and oilseed Brassica species. The marker development portion of this project has been completed. After screening about 400 cDNA clones for detection of simple RFLP patterns among Brassica cultivars, we added 48 cDNA clones to the more than 100 genomic DNA clones already selected. The linkage maps of B. rapa and B. napus each currently contain over 100 RFLP loci. These mapping populations have been analyzed for oil composition, vernalization response, freezing tolerance, disease resistances and several other traits. These data are being analyzed in order to determine the location and effects of genes controlling these traits. We are just beginning to analyze the B. oleracea mapping populations for RFLPs. This population also have been or will be analyzed for vernalization response, self incompability, and disease resistances. We have used the RFLP markers for
evaluating genetic relationships among vegetable and oilseed cultivars. The data from these analysis were used to separate the cultivars into groups, which in most cases agreed with known relationship based on pedigrees. For oilseed B. napus, the genetic distances of parents based on RFLPs was significantly correlated with the yield of their F1 hyrids.
Impacts
(N/A)
Publications
- DIAS, J.S., LIMA, M.B., SONG, K.M., MONTEIRO, A.A., WILLIAMS, P.H. and OSBORN, T.C. 1992. Molecular taxonomy of Portuguese tronchuda cabbage and kale landraces using nuclear RFLPs. Euphytica 58:221-229.
- OSBORNE, T.C. 1992. Use of molecular markers for improving oilseed and vegetable Brassica. AGROGENE Symposium on Molecular Markers in Crop Plants pp. 119-123.
- THORMANN, C.E. and OSBORN, T.C. 1992. Use of RAPD and RFLP markers for germplasm evaluation. Proceedings of the Symposium Applications of RAPD Technology to Plant Breeding, pp. 9-11.
- CAMARGO, L.E., WILLIAMS, P.H. and OSBORN, T.C. 1992. Inheritance of resistance to black rot in a cabbage by broccoli cross. Phytopathology 82:1142.
- DIERS, B.W. and OSBORN, T.C. 1992. Restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis of oilseed Brassica germplasm. Agron. Abstr. p. 189.
- FERREIRA, M.E., OSBORN, T.C. and WILLIAMS, P.H. 1992. Monogenic resistance to Leptosphaeria maculans in Brassica napus. Seventh Crucifer Genetics Workshop.
- OSBORN, T.C. 1992. Genetic mapping and analysis of trait loci. AAAS Program/Abstracts p. 115.
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Progress 01/01/91 to 12/30/91
Outputs
In order to develop molecular markers in Brassica species, we have constructed genomic DNA (gDNA) and cDNA libraries as sources of probes for detecting RFLP markers. Nearly 400 probes from the gDNA libraries have been hybridized to a set of cultivars including the parents of three mapping populations in B. rapa, B. napus and B. oleracea. A high percentage of all probes screened detect polymorphism between the parents of these populations when results using two restiiction enzymes are considered (74.2%, 56.1% and 60.2% for the B. rapa, B. napus and B. oleracea mapping populations, respectively). We have selected about 100 gDNA clones that detect polymorphism between parents of all three populations to use for mapping RFLPs. In the B. rapa population, RFLP segregation data has been collected for over 30 of these probes. We also have been collecting trait data in the B. rapa and B. napus mapping populations, including seed quality factors, low temperature responses
(freezing tolerance and vernalization requirements) and disease resistance. An interesting preliminary result we have obtained is that genes controlling freezing tolerance appear to co-segregate with RFLP alleles detected by cold induced genes from Arabidopsis, suggesting that homologous genes in Brassica may have a function in freezing tolerance. Over 100 B. oleracea lines have been analyzed with 30 probes in a study to determine genetic relationships based on RFLPs. We have initiated a similar germplasm screen for oilseed B. rapa and B.
Impacts
(N/A)
Publications
- KOCH, E., SONG, K., OSBORN, T.C. and WILLIAMS, P.H. 1991. Relationship between pathogenicity and phylogeny based on restriction fragment length polymorphisms in Leptosphaeria maculans. Mol. Plant-Microbe Interact. 4:341-349.
- TEUTONICO, R.A., MOREAU, P. PALTA, J.P. and OSBORN, T.C. 1991. Molecular marker analysis of low temperature responses in Brassica. Third Interntl. Congress Plant Molec. Biol., abstr. No. 155 (invited).
- OSBORN, T.C. 1991. Molecular marker analysis of Brassica genomes. Agron. Abstr. p. 109 (invited).
- TEUTONICO, R.A., MOREAU, P., PALTA, J.P. and OSBORN, T.C. 1991. The study of low temperature responses in Brassica rapa using molecular markers. Agron. Abstra. p. 201.
- SONG, K.M., SUZUKI, J.Y., SLOCUM, M.K., WILLIAM, P.H. and OSBORN, T.C. 1991. Alinkage map of Brassica rapa (syn. campestris) based on restriction fragment length polymorphism loci. Theor. Appl. Genet. 82:296-304.
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