Progress 03/01/13 to 02/28/18
Outputs
Target Audience:The target audiences are individuals and agencies with interest in urban and rural water management. Changes/Problems:
Nothing Reported
What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided?
Nothing Reported
How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest?Conference presentations, technical reports, and peer reviewed journal articles. What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals?
Nothing Reported
Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals?
The goal of this research project is to develop fundamental information on hydraulic properties of Claypan Area soils that will be used to minimize the surfacing of potential surface water contaminants from wastewater applied through subsurface drip irrigation. The specific goals are: 1) to determine the effect of long-term wetting with wastewater on percolation rate of clayey subsoil horizons, 2) to determine the soil and environmental properties that lead to long-term and temporary point-surfacing of wastewater, and 3) to develop a management tool to predict when surfacing of wastewater will be a problem.
Publications
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Progress 10/01/16 to 09/30/17
Outputs
Target Audience:The target audiences are individuals and agencies with interest in urban and rural water management. Changes/Problems:Funding for disposal through sand caps over degraded soil has materialized and this line of research is closely related to the objectives of the project. What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided?One Ph.D. Student and one postdoctoral research scientist. How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest?Conference presentations, technical reports, and peer reviewed journal articles. What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals?Seek additional funding.
Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals?
The goal of this research project is to develop fundamental information on hydraulic properties of Claypan Area soils that will be used to minimize the surfacing of potential surface water contaminants from wastewater applied through subsurface drip irrigation. The specific goals are: 1) to determine the effect of long-term wetting with wastewater on percolation rate of clayey subsoil horizons, 2) to determine the soil and environmental properties that lead to long-term and temporary point-surfacing of wastewater, and 3) to develop a management tool to predict when surfacing of wastewater will be a problem.
Publications
- Type:
Journal Articles
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2017
Citation:
Ackerson, J.P., K.J. McInnes, C.L.S. Morgan, M.E. Everett. 2017. Measuring crack porosity using three-dimensional electrical resistivity tomography. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. 81:1025-1035.
- Type:
Journal Articles
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2017
Citation:
Watson, H,D., H,L. Neely, C.L.S. Morgan, K.J. McInnes, C.C. Molling. 2017. Identifying subsoil variation associated with gilgai using electromagnetic induction. Geoderma 295:34-40.
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Progress 10/01/15 to 09/30/16
Outputs
Target Audience:The target audiences are individuals and agencies with interest in urban and rural water management. Changes/Problems:Funding for disposal through sand caps over degraded soil has materialized and thisline of research is closely related to the objectives of the project. What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided?Trained one Ph.D. student. How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest?Conference presentations, technical reports, and peer reviewed journal articles. What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals?Seek additional funding.
Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals?
Capping eroded urban landscapes having marginal permeability with a thin layer of more permeable material such as sand offers a means of capturing more rainwater and use of wastewater. Capturing more rainwater reduces both the need for supplemental irrigation and the capacity for stormwater discharge. Drs. McInnes is developing fundamental data that will be used to determine a scientifically sound basis for determining the appropriate hydraulic properties and depth of capping materials for particular landscapes.
Publications
- Type:
Journal Articles
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2016
Citation:
Neely, H.L., C.L.S. Morgan, C.T. Hallmark, K.J. McInnes, C.C. Molling. 2016. Apparent electrical conductivity response to spatially variable vertisol properties. Geoderma 263:168-175.
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Progress 10/01/14 to 09/30/15
Outputs
Target Audience:The target audiences are individuals and agencies with interest in water management. Changes/Problems:
Nothing Reported
What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided?One MSstudentwastrained. How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest?
Nothing Reported
What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals?Seek funding to conduct additional research.
Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals?
Fundamental information describing the hydraulic properties of clay soils were dispersed through publication in peer-reviewed journal articles.
Publications
- Type:
Journal Articles
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2014
Citation:
Tokumoto, I., J.L. Heilman, K.J. McInnes, C.L.S. Morgan. 2014. Hydraulic properties of rocky soils in a semi-arid savanna on the Edwards Plateau, TX. J. Arid Land Studies 24:77-80.
- Type:
Journal Articles
Status:
Awaiting Publication
Year Published:
2016
Citation:
Neely, H.L. , C.L.S. Morgan, C.T. Hallmark, K.J. McInnes, C.C. Molling. 2016. Apparent electrical conductivity response to spatially variable vertisol properties. Geoderma 263:168-175.
- Type:
Other
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2015
Citation:
Dyer, D.W., B.Wherley, K. McInnhes, C. Reynolds. 2015. Effects of sand-capping depth and subsoil on fairway performance, irrigation and drought resistance. Golf Course Management 83:95.
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Progress 10/01/13 to 09/30/14
Outputs
Target Audience: The target audiences are rural homeowners not on municipal septic systems, agricultural industries with wastewater disposal needs, and municipalities with wastewater disposal needs. Changes/Problems:
Nothing Reported
What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided? One MS and one PhD students were trained and both graduated. How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest?
Nothing Reported
What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals? Seek funding to conduct additional research.
Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals?
Fundamental information describing the hydraulic properties of clay soils were dispersed through publication in peer-reviewed journal articles.
Publications
- Type:
Journal Articles
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2013
Citation:
McInnes, K.J., K. Rose-Harvey, J.T. Thomas. 2013. Comparison of putting greens constructed with airfield systems and USGA designs. Turfgrass and Environmental Research Online (TERO) 12:6-10.
- Type:
Journal Articles
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2014
Citation:
Heilman, J.L., M.E. Litvak, K.J. McInnes, J. F. Kjelgaard, R.H. Kamps, S. Schwinning. 2014. Water-storage capacity controls energy partitioning and water use in karst ecoystems on the Edwards Platueau, Texas. Ecohydrol. 7:127-138.
- Type:
Journal Articles
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2014
Citation:
Tokumoto, I., J.L. Heilman, S. Schwinning, K.J. McInnes, M.E. Litvak, C.L.S. Morgan, R.H. Kamps. 2014. Small-scale variability in water storage in rocky soils and effects on tree transpiration. Plant Soil 385:193-204.
- Type:
Journal Articles
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2014
Citation:
Thomas J. C., B.G. Wherley, R.H. White, K.J. McInnes, C.H. Fontanier, J.A. Aitkenhead-Peterson, S.T. Kelly. 2014. Design and construction of an urban runoff research facility. JoVE 90:e51540.
- Type:
Journal Articles
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2014
Citation:
Ackerson, J.P., C.L.S. Morgan, M.E. Everett, K.J. McInnes. 2014. The role of water content in electrical resistivity tomography of a Vertisol. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. 78:1552-1562.
- Type:
Journal Articles
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2014
Citation:
Neely, H.L., J.P. Ackerson, C.L.S. Morgan, K.J. McInnes. 2014. Instrumentation to measure soil subsidence and water content in a single borehole. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. 78:1251-1257.
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Progress 03/01/13 to 09/30/13
Outputs
Target Audience: The target audiences are rural homeowners not on a municipal septic system, agricultural industries with wastewater disposal needs, and municipalities with wastewater disposal needs. Changes/Problems:
Nothing Reported
What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided?
Nothing Reported
How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest? This is a new project and funding is being sought to support research. What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals? Acquire external funding.
Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals?
This is a new project and funding is being sought to support research.
Publications
- Type:
Journal Articles
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2013
Citation:
Dinka, T.M., Morgan, C.L.S., McInnes, K.J., Kishn�, A.S., Harmel, R.D. 2013. Shrinkswell behavior of soil across a Vertisol catena. J. Hydrology 476:352-359.
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Progress 01/01/12 to 12/31/12
Outputs
OUTPUTS: Research findings were disseminated trough publications in Soil Science Society of America Journal and HortScience. PARTICIPANTS: One MS and one PhD student were received training. TARGET AUDIENCES: The information generated will be used by those interested in surface hydrology and those involved in sports field construction. PROJECT MODIFICATIONS: Nothing significant to report during this reporting period.
Impacts
New techniques for monitoring soil moisture in soil and engineered root zones were developed.
Publications
- Tokumoto, I., J.L. Heilman, K.J. McInnes, C.L.S. Morgan, R.H. Kamps. 2012. Calibration and use of neutron moisture and gamma density probes in rocky soils. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. 76:2136-2142.
- Rose-Harvey, K., K.J. McInnes, and J.T. Thomas. 2012. Water Flow Through sand-based root zones atop geotextiles. HortScience. 47:1-5.
- McInnes, K.J., J.T. Thomas. 2012. Passive control of downslope capillary wicking of water in sand-based root zones. HortScience. 47:275-279.
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Progress 01/01/11 to 12/31/11
Outputs
OUTPUTS: Research efforts were disseminated through publications in Tetrahedron Letters, Crop Science, and Soil Science Society of America Journal. PARTICIPANTS: Dr. Tim Goebel, USDA-ARS, Lubbock, TX continues to assist in characterizing polymers. TARGET AUDIENCES: Not relevant to this project. PROJECT MODIFICATIONS: Not relevant to this project.
Impacts
Contaminants in aqueous environments exist in phases that are sorbed to suspended or colloidal material and that are dissolved in solution. Polymer flocculants can be used to remove suspended or colloidal material along with sorbed contaminants, but they remove little of the dissolved contaminants. In the study presented here, development of polymers to sorb contaminants from aqueous solution during the flocculation process was investigated. Atrazine and phosphate (H2PO4-) were chosen as test contaminants. For a given test contaminant, multiple copies of a functional group that interacted with that contaminant were inserted into the polymer backbone of a polyacrylamide flocculant. The functional groups inserted into the polymer structure acted as a trap for the dissolved contaminant. The traps were a cyclic secondary amine that interacted with atrazine, and a thiourea that interacted with phosphate. Modified flocculants with different configurations and densities of trapping groups were made and evaluated for removal of the test contaminants from aqueous suspensions. The suspensions consisted of bentonite or kaolinite in water with a known concentration of a test contaminant. The atrazine source was labeled with 14C and concentrations were measured using a scintillation counter. The source of phosphate used was NaH2PO4 and ion chromatography was used to measure the aqueous concentrations of phosphate. In general, the modified polymer flocculants containing trapping groups removed significantly more atrazine and phosphate from suspension compared to the control polymer flocculants (alpha =0.05). While the amount of modified polymers needed to achieve significant removal of the test contaminant were higher than the Environmental Protection Agency limit for concentration of polyacrylamide flocculants in water, it was possible to enhance the polymers sorbtion and removal of contaminants from solution during the flocculation process.
Publications
- Goebel, T.S., K.J. McInnes, S.A. Senseman, R.J. Lascano, L.S. Marchand, T.A. Davis. 2011. Modifying polymer flocculants for the removal of inorganic phosphate from water. Tetrahedron. Lett. 52: 5241-5244.
- Tokumoto, I., J.L. Heilman, K.J. McInnes, R.H. Kamps. 2011. Sealing neutron probe access-tubes in rocky soils using expandable polyurethane foam. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. 75:1922-1925.
- McInnes, K.J. and J.T. Thomas. 2011. Water storage in putting greens constructed with United States Golf Association and Airfield Systems designs. Crop Sci. 51:1261-1267.
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Progress 01/01/10 to 12/31/10
Outputs
OUTPUTS: Three presentations given at the 2010 ASA, CSSA, and SSSA International Annual Meetings. T.M. Dinka, C. Morgan, A. Kishne, K. McInnes. Land Use and Spatial Cracking Dynamics of a Vertisol. A. Kishne, C. Morgan, K. McInnes, W. Miller. Comparing Crack Volume Estimations On a Vertisol Monitored in South Texas for Ten Years. I. Tokumoto, J. Heilman, K. McInnes. Root Water Uptake On the Edwards Aquifer Recharge ZoneKarst Terrain: Quantifying Evaluating Contributions of Shallow and Deep Roots. PARTICIPANTS: Kevin McInnes, PI Tim Goebel, PhD Graduate Student TARGET AUDIENCES: Not relevant to this project. PROJECT MODIFICATIONS: Nothing significant to report during this reporting period.
Impacts
Contaminants in aqueous environments exist in phases that are sorbed to suspended or colloidal material and that are dissolved in solution. Polymer flocculants can be used to remove suspended or colloidal material along with sorbed contaminants, but they remove little of the dissolved contaminants. In the study presented here, development of polymers to sorb contaminants from aqueous solution during the flocculation process was investigated. Atrazine and phosphate (H2PO4-) were chosen as test contaminants. For a given test contaminant, multiple copies of a functional group that interacted with that contaminant were inserted into the polymer backbone of a polyacrylamide flocculant. The functional groups inserted into the polymer structure acted as a trap for the dissolved contaminant. The traps were a cyclic secondary amine that interacted with atrazine, and a thiourea that interacted with phosphate. Modified flocculants with different configurations and densities of trapping groups were made and evaluated for removal of the test contaminants from aqueous suspensions. The suspensions consisted of bentonite or kaolinite in water with a known concentration of a test contaminant. The atrazine source was labeled with 14C and concentrations were measured using a scintillation counter. The source of phosphate used was NaH2PO4 and ion chromatography was used to measure the aqueous concentrations of phosphate. In general, the modified polymer flocculants containing trapping groups removed significantly more atrazine and phosphate from suspension compared to the control polymer flocculants (alpha =0.05). While the amount of modified polymers needed to achieve significant removal of the test contaminant were higher than the Environmental Protection Agency limit for concentration of polyacrylamide flocculants in water, it was possible to enhance the polymers sorbtion and removal of contaminants from solution during the flocculation process.
Publications
- Goebel, T.S.O. 2010. Modification of polymer flocculants for the removal of soluble contaminants from water. Ph.D. dissertation. Texas A&M University, College Station, TX.
- Bendevis, M. A., M. Keith Owens, J. L. Heilman and K. J. McInnes. 2010. Carbon gain and water loss from two evergreen trees in a semiarid woodland. Ecohydrology 3:107-115.
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Progress 01/01/09 to 12/31/09
Outputs
OUTPUTS: Reverse thermo-responsive polymers may be used to release entrapped chemicals on a rise in temperature above a critical limit. If these polymers could be used to release herbicides and pesticides in soil when it warms to a given level, a major advancement in efficienciency of soil-applied agricultural chemicals could be achieved. Reverse thermo-responsive polymers were generated by polymerization of poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) and poly(propylene oxide) (PPO) segments. Poly(ether-carbonate) copolymers with PEO:PPO ratios of 70:30, 50:50, and 30:70 were created. To test whether or not these polymers would release an entrapped chemical with a change in temperature when in soil, Acid Blue 161 was then added to a 40 degree Celcius aqueous solutions of the poly(ether-carbonate) copolymers, and incubated for 24 hours. The solutions were then cooled to 4 degree Celcius to trap the dye within the copolymer matrix. The solutions were then transferred to dialysis tubing and allowed to dialyze at 4 degree Celcius until no dye was released from the dialysis tube (1 week). Aqueous release of the dye was tested by raising the temperature of solutions of the copolymers with the entrapped dye and measuring the dye released using a UV-VIS spectrophotometer. Studies are underway to investigate the release of the dye when the copolymers are added to sand, clay, and soil. To regulate media water content/activity and media temperature a pressure/vacuum chamber is being constructed such that a thin layer of polymer treated media may be placed on a temperature regulated porous plate. PARTICIPANTS: Timothy Goebel, PhD student, Lubbock, TX TARGET AUDIENCES: Not relevant to this project. PROJECT MODIFICATIONS: Not relevant to this project.
Impacts
This project investigates the use of thermally responsive polymeric microspheres (nanoscale) and polymeric gels as delivery systems for chemicals applied to soils. The impetus behind this research stems from the fact that weed roots, soil-borne insect pests, and pathogens function in a dynamic thermal environment, and that each undesired organism is equipped with a thermostat that is preset to a fairly narrow temperature range for optimum growth. Since pestmanagement chemicals degrade and leach with exposure to soil and water, and are often applied ahead of the time that they are most needed, it would be desirable to utilize chemical formulations where the active ingredient would remain protected from degradation/leaching under soil temperatures unfavorable for development of the target pest or disease. The objective of the research is to conduct laboratory-based experiments with combinations of static and dynamic soil moisture and soil temperature conditions to predict the temperature response of thermally responsive polymeric microspheres and gels in soils of various texture, mineralogy, and pH, and in isolated clay minerals, silts, and sands.
Publications
- Heilman, J.L., K.J. McInnes, and J.F. Kjelgaard. 2009. Energy balance and water use in a subtropical karst woodland on the Edwards Plateau, Texas. J. Hydrol. 373:426-435.
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Progress 01/01/08 to 12/31/08
Outputs
OUTPUTS: Reverse thermo-responsive polymers may be used to release entrapped chemicals on a rise in temperature above a critical limit. If these polymers could be used to release herbicides and pesticides in soil when it warms to a given level, a major advancement in efficienciency of soil-applied agricultural chemicals could be achieved. Reverse thermo-responsive polymers were generated by polymerization of poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) and poly(propylene oxide) (PPO) segments. Poly(ether-carbonate) copolymers with PEO:PPO ratios of 70:30, 50:50, and 30:70 were created. To test whether or not these polymers would release an entrapped chemical with a change in temperature when in soil, Acid Blue 161 was then added to a 40 degree Celcius aqueous solutions of the poly(ether-carbonate) copolymers, and incubated for 24 hours. The solutions were then cooled to 4 degree Celcius to trap the dye within the copolymer matrix. The solutions were then transferred to dialysis tubing and allowed to dialyze at 4 degree Celcius until no dye was released from the dialysis tube (1 week). Aqueous release of the dye was tested by raising the temperature of solutions of the copolymers with the entrapped dye and measuring the dye released using a UV-VIS spectrophotometer. Studies are underway to investigate the release of the dye when the copolymers are added to sand, clay, and soil. To regulate media water content/activity and media temperature a pressure/vacuum chamber is being constructed such that a thin layer of polymer treated media may be placed on a temperature regulated porous plate. PARTICIPANTS: Timothy Goebel, PhD student, Lubbock, TX TARGET AUDIENCES: Nothing significant to report during this reporting period. PROJECT MODIFICATIONS: Nothing significant to report during this reporting period.
Impacts
This project investigates the use of thermally responsive polymeric microspheres (nanoscale) and polymeric gels as delivery systems for chemicals applied to soils. The impetus behind this research stems from the fact that weed roots, soil-borne insect pests, and pathogens function in a dynamic thermal environment, and that each undesired organism is equipped with a thermostat that is preset to a fairly narrow temperature range for optimum growth. Since pestmanagement chemicals degrade and leach with exposure to soil and water, and are often applied ahead of the time that they are most needed, it would be desirable to utilize chemical formulations where the active ingredient would remain protected from degradation/leaching under soil temperatures unfavorable for development of the target pest or disease. The objective of the research is to conduct laboratory-based experiments with combinations of static and dynamic soil moisture and soil temperature conditions to predict the temperature response of thermally responsive polymeric microspheres and gels in soils of various texture, mineralogy, and pH, and in isolated clay minerals, silts, and sands.
Publications
- Kjelgaard, J.F., J.L. Heilman, K.J. McInnes, M.K. Owens, and R.H. Kamps. 2008. Carbon dioxide exchange in a subtropical, mixed C-3/C-4 grassland on the Edwards Plateau, Texas. Agricultural and Forest Meteorology 148:953-963.
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Progress 01/01/07 to 12/31/07
Outputs
OUTPUTS: Reverse thermo-responsive polymers may be used to release entrapped chemicals on a rise in temperature above a critical limit. If these polymers could be used to release herbicides and pesticides in soil when it warms to a given level, a major advancement in efficienciency of soil-applied agricultural chemicals could be achieved. Reverse thermo-responsive polymers were generated by polymerization of poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) and poly(propylene oxide) (PPO) segments. Poly(ether-carbonate) copolymers with PEO:PPO ratios of 70:30, 50:50, and 30:70 were created. To test whether or not these polymers would release an entrapped chemical with a change in temperature when in soil, Acid Blue 161 was then added to a 40 degree Celcius aqueous solutions of the poly(ether-carbonate) copolymers, and incubated for 24 hours. The solutions were then cooled to 4 degree Celcius to trap the dye within the copolymer matrix. The solutions were then transferred to dialysis tubing and allowed to
dialyze at 4 degree Celcius until no dye was released from the dialysis tube (1 week). Aqueous release of the dye was tested by raising the temperature of solutions of the copolymers with the entrapped dye and measuring the dye released using a UV-VIS spectrophotometer. Studies are underway to investigate the release of the dye when the copolymers are added to sand, clay, and soil. To regulate media water content/activity and media temperature a pressure/vacuum chamber is being constructed such that a thin layer of polymer treated media may be placed on a temperature regulated porous plate.
PARTICIPANTS: Kevin J. McInnes, Scott Senseman, and Youjun Deng, Dept. Soil and Crop Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, have worked on proposal development for external funding. Tim Goebel, Ph.D. student, has worked on the development and testing of the thermally responsive polymers.
Impacts
This project investigates the use of thermally responsive polymeric microspheres (nanoscale) and polymeric gels as delivery systems for chemicals applied to soils. The impetus behind this research stems from the fact that weed roots, soil-borne insect pests, and pathogens function in a dynamic thermal environment, and that each undesired organism is equipped with a thermostat that is preset to a fairly narrow temperature range for optimum growth. Since pest-management chemicals degrade and leach with exposure to soil and water, and are often applied ahead of the time that they are most needed, it would be desirable to utilize chemical formulations where the active ingredient would remain protected from degradation/leaching under soil temperatures unfavorable for development of the target pest or disease. The objective of the research is to conduct laboratory-based experiments with combinations of static and dynamic soil moisture and soil temperature conditions to
predict the temperature response of thermally responsive polymeric microspheres and gels in soils of various texture, mineralogy, and pH, and in isolated clay minerals, silts, and sands. This is the first year of the revised project and no findings have been published.
Publications
- No publications reported this period
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Progress 01/01/06 to 12/31/06
Outputs
Water and chemical flow patterns and root growth patterns in soils were investigated on both macroscopic and microscopic scales. Mathematical models were developed to capture the fundament information in these research results. Nineteen manuscripts related to this research were published.
Impacts
Fundamental information from this research on root growth and contaminant flow in soils lead to improved management of agricultural chemicals.
Publications
- Tarquis, A.M., K.J. McInnes, J. Key, A. Saac, M.R. Garcıac, M.C. Dıaz. 2006. Multiscaling analysis in a structured clay soil using 2D images. J. Hydrol. 322 (1-4): 236-246. Neitsch, S.L., K.J. McInnes, S.A. Senseman, G.N. White, E. E. Simanek. 2006. Melamine-based organoclay to sequester atrazine. Chemosphere 64:704-710.
- Heinsch, F. A., J. L. Heilman, K. J. McInnes, D. R. Cobos, D. A. Zuberer, D. L. Roelke. 2004. Carbon dioxide exchange in a high marsh on the Texas Gulf Coast: effects of freshwater availability. Agric. Forest Meteorol. 125:159-172.
- Acosta, E. J., Y. J. Deng, G. N. White, J. B. Dixon, K. J. McInnes, S. A. Senseman, A. S. Frantzen, and E. E. Simanek. 2003. Dendritic Surfactants show evidence for frustrated intercalation: A new organoclay morphology. Chem. Mater. 15: 2903-2909.
- Noborio, K., K. J. McInnes, and J. L. Heilman. 2002. On measuring soil thermal properties with a dual-probe heat-pulse technique. J. Jpn. Soc. Soil Phys. 90:3-9.
- Russell, C. A., I. R. P. Fillery, N. Bootsma, and K. J. McInnes. 2002. Effect of temperature and nitrogen source on nitrification in a sandy soil. Commun. Soil Sci. Plan. 33: 1975-1989
- Atwell, B. J., I. R. P. Fillery, K. J. McInnes, and A. J. M. Smucker. 2002. The fate of carbon and fertiliser nitrogen when dryland wheat is grown in monoliths of duplex soil. Plant Soil 241:259-269.
- Campbell, C. S., J. L. Heilman, K. J. McInnes , L. T. Wilson, J. C. Medley , G. Wu , and D. R. Cobos. 2001. Seasonal variation in radiation use efficiency of irrigated rice. Agric. Forest Meteorol. 110:45-54.
- Campbell, C. S., J. L. Heilman, and K. J. McInnes. 2001. Diel and seasonal variation in CO2 flux of irrigated rice. Agric. Forest Meteorol. 108:15-27.
- Heilman J. L, F. A. Heinsch, D. R. Cobos, and K. J. McInnes. 2000. Energy balance of a high marsh on the Texas Gulf Coast: Effect of water availability. J. Geophys. Res-Atmos. 105:22371-22377.
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Progress 01/01/05 to 12/31/05
Outputs
Water and chemical flow patterns in structured clayey soils have been investigated on both macroscopic and microscopic scales. Models are presently being developed to address these research results. Two manuscripts from this research were published. In a separate study, the effect of kaolinite, halloysite, and iron oxides on the ability of soil to transmit water was studied. One manuscript from this research was published. The effect of surface vegetation on runoff of atrazine, metolachlor, and their metabolites was investigated. One manuscript from this research was published.
Impacts
Fundamental information from this research on contaminant flow in soils leads to improved management of agricultural chemicals.
Publications
- Fejes, E., D. Roelke, G. Gable, J. Heilman, K. McInnes, and D. Zuberer. 2005. Microalgal productivity, community composition, and pelagic food web dynamics in a subtropical, turbid salt marsh isolated from freshwater inflow. Estuaries 28:96-107.
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Progress 01/01/04 to 12/31/04
Outputs
Water and chemical flow patterns in structured clayey soils have been investigated on both macroscopic and microscopic scales. Models are presently being developed to address these research results. Two manuscripts from this research were published. In a separate study, the effect of kaolinite, halloysite, and iron oxides on the ability of soil to transmit water was studied. One manuscript from this research was published. The effect of surface vegetation on runoff of atrazine, metolachlor, and their metabolites was investigated. One manuscript from this research was published.
Impacts
Fundamental information from this research on contaminant flow in soils leads to improved management of agricultural chemicals.
Publications
- West, S. L., G. N. White, Y. Deng, K. J. McInnes, A. S. R. Juo, and J. B. Dixon. 2004. Kaolinite, halloysite, and iron oxide influence on physical behavior of formulated soils. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. 68: 1452-1460.
- Nobles, M. M., L. P. Wilding and K. J. McInnes. 2004. Submicroscopic measurements of tracer distribution related to surface features of soil aggregates. Geoderma 123:83-97.
- Nobles, M. M., L. P. Wilding and K. J. McInnes. 2004. Pathways of dye tracer movement through structured soils on macroscopic scale. Soil Science 169:229-242.
- Krutz, L. J., S. A. Senseman, K. J. McInnes, D. W. Hoffman, and D. P. Tierney. 2004. Adsorption and desorption of metolachlor, metolachlor oxanilic acid, and metolachlor ethanesulfonic acid in vegetated filter strip and cultivated soil. J. Environ. Qual. 33:939-945.
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Progress 01/01/03 to 12/31/03
Outputs
Root density and water flow patterns have been mapped in structured clayey soil. Roots have been shown to be statistically clustered and to be weakly associated with water and chemical flow paths. Models are presently being developed to address these research results. In a separate study, the influence of the method of water application on the infiltration and transport of solutes in structured soil was studied to determine the effect of different tillage and irrigation practices. Results showed that subsurface properties played the dominant role in influencing the characteristics of water and solute transport. When compared to field data, models of solute transport were unable to simulate flow through the subsoil after they were calibrated with data from the surface horizon. Hydraulic properties of clayey soils from the Claypan Area, Blackland Prairies and Coast Prairie Major Land Resource Areas of Texas were investigated in detail. Results showed that hydraulic
characteristics of water fluxes near saturation were related to the soils' morphology. Soil macroporosity was the dominant factor determining infiltration rates even though macropores occupied only small fractions of the soils' total porosities. The effect of surface vegetation on runoff of atrazine, metolachlor, and their metabolites was investigated.
Impacts
Fundamental information from this research on contaminant flow in soils leads to improved management of agricultural chemicals.
Publications
- Krutz, L. J., S. A. Senseman, K. J. McInnes, D. W. Hoffman, and D. P. Tierney. 2003. Adsorption and desorption of atrazine, desethylatrazine, deisopropylatrazine, and hydroxyatrazine in vegetated filter strip and cultivated soil. J. Agric. Food Chem. (in press).
- Krutz, L. J., S. A. Senseman, K. J. McInnes, D. W. Hoffman, and D. P. Tierney. 2003. Adsorption and desorption of metolachlor, metolachlor oxanilic acid, and metolachlor ethanesulfonic acid in vegetated filter strip and cultivated soil. J. Environ. Qual. (in press).
- Weaver, R. W., M. C. Stecher, and K. McInnes. 2003. Water flow patterns in subsurface flow constructed wetlands designed for on-site domestic wastewater treatment. Environ. Technol. 24: 77-86.
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Progress 01/01/02 to 12/31/02
Outputs
Root density and water flow patterns have been mapped in structured clayey soil. Roots have been shown to be statistically clustered and to be spatially associated with water and chemical flow paths. Models are presently being developed to address these research results. In a separate study, the influence of the method of water application on the infiltration and transport of solutes in structured soil was studied to determine the effect of different tillage and irrigation practices. Results showed that subsurface properties played the dominant role in influencing the characteristics of water and solute transport. When compared to field data, models of solute transport were unable to simulate flow through the subsoil after they were calibrated with data from the surface horizon. If a negative retardation factor (essentially an acceleration factor) were adopted for subsoils, models were able to simulate flow through the subsoil. Hydraulic properties of clayey soils
from the Claypan Area, Blackland Prairies and Coast Prairie Major Land Resource Areas of Texas were investigated in detail. Results showed that hydraulic characteristics of water fluxes near saturation were related to the soils' morphology. Soil macroporosity was the dominant factor determining infiltration rates even though macropores occupied only small fractions of the soils' total porosities.
Impacts
Fundamental information from this research on contaminant flow in soils leads to improved management of agricultural chemicals.
Publications
- Nobles, M. M., L. P. Wilding, and K. J. McInnes. 2002. Soil structural interfaces in some Texas Vertisols and their impact on solute transport. Catena (in press).
- Franti, J. M., R. W. Weaver, and K. J. McInnes. 2002. Surfacing of domestic wastewater applied to soil through drip tubing and reduction in numbers of Escherichia coli. Environmental Technology (in press).
- Weaver, R. W., M. C. Stecher, and K. J. McInnes. 2002. Water flow patterns in subsurface flow constructed wetlands designed for on-site wastewater treatment. Environmental Technology (in press).
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Progress 01/01/01 to 12/31/01
Outputs
Root density and water flow patterns have been mapped in structured clayey soil. Roots have been shown to be statistically clustered and to be spatially associated with water and chemical flow paths. Models are presently being developed to address these research results. In a separate study, the influence of the method of water application on the infiltration and transport of solutes in structured soil was studied to determine the effect of different tillage and irrigation practices. Results showed that subsurface properties played the dominant role in influencing the characteristics of water and solute transport. When compared to field data, models of solute transport were unable to simulate flow through the subsoil after they were calibrated with data from the surface horizon. If a negative retardation factor (essentially an acceleration factor) were adopted for subsoils, models were able to simulate flow through the subsoil. Hydraulic properties of clayey soils
from the Claypan Area, Blackland Prairies and Coast Prairie Major Land Resource Areas of Texas were investigated in detail. Results showed that hydraulic characteristics of water fluxes near saturation were related to the soils' morphology. Soil macroporosity was the dominant factor determining infiltration rates even though macropores occupied only small fractions of the soils' total porosities.
Impacts
Fundamental information from this research on contaminant flow in soils leads to improved management of agricultural chemicals.
Publications
- No publications reported this period
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Progress 01/01/00 to 12/31/00
Outputs
The influence of the method of water application on the infiltration and transport of solutes in structured soil was studied to determine the effect of different tillage and irrigation practices. Results showed that subsurface properties played the dominant role in influencing the characteristics of water and solute transport. When compared to field data, transfer function models of solute transport were unable to simulate flow through the subsoil after they were calibrated with travel-time data from the surface horizon. If a negative retardation factor (essentially an acceleration factor) was adopted for subsoils, transfer function models were able to simulate flow through the subsoil. Hydraulic properties of clayey soils from the Claypan Area, Blackland Prairies and Coast Prairie Major Land Resource Areas of Texas were investigated in detail. Results showed that hydraulic characteristics of water fluxes near saturation were related to the soils' morphology. Soil
macroporosity was the dominant factor determining infiltration rates even though macropores occupied only a small fractions of the soils' total porosities. The mean hydraulically active pore size when all pores were potentially active, was about 0.3 mm for clays and 0.1 mm for sands. On average, changes in infiltration with matric potential were greater for clays than for loams, and greater for loams than for sands. Weakly sorbed contaminants applied or spilled on most of the soils studied would have short resident times in the root zone once they entered into the by-pass flow stream. Conversely, nutrients and chemicals not adjacent to the by-pass flow stream may have relatively long resident times.
Impacts
Fundamental information from this research on contaminant flow in soils leads to improved management of agricultural chemicals.
Publications
- Schwartz, R. C., A. S. R. Juo, and K. J. McInnes. 2000. Estimating parameters for a dual-porosity model to describe non-equilibrium, reactive transport in a fine-textured soil. J. Hydrol. 229: 149-167.
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Progress 01/01/99 to 12/31/99
Outputs
The influence of the method of water application on the infiltration and transport of solutes in structured soil was studied to determine the effect of different tillage and irrigation practices. Results showed that subsurface properties played the dominant role in influencing the characteristics of water and solute transport. When compared to field data, transfer function models of solute transport were unable to simulate flow through the subsoil after they were calibrated with travel-time data from the surface horizon. If a negative retardation factor (essentially an acceleration factor) was adopted for subsoils, transfer function models were able to simulate flow through the subsoil. Hydraulic properties of clayey soils from the Claypan Area, Blackland Prairies and Coast Prairie Major Land Resource Areas of Texas were investigated in detail. Results showed that hydraulic characteristics of water fluxes near saturation were related to the soils' morphology. Soil
macroporosity was the dominant factor determining infiltration rates even though macropores occupied only a small fractions of the soils' total porosities. The mean hydraulically active pore size when all pores were potentially active, was about 0.3 mm for clays and 0.1 mm for sands. On average, changes in infiltration with matric potential were greater for clays than for loams, and greater for loams than for sands. Results suggest that weakly sorbed contaminants applied or spilled on most of the soils studied would have short resident times in the root zone once they entered into the by-pass flow stream. Conversely, nutrients and chemicals not adjacent to the by-pass flow stream may have relatively long resident times.
Impacts
Identification of soils having chemical and structural attributes which permit rapid solute transfer out of the rootzone is urgently needed. This research will seek to quantify the significance of sorption and diffusion in/on natural soil structural units on the transport of contaminants through subsoil. In this research we will focus on reactions of soluble organic and anionic contaminants originating from interped macropore space. Results will improve our ability to protect water resources.
Publications
- Schwartz, R. C., K. J. McInnes, A. S. R. Juo, and C. E. Cervantes. 1999. The vertical distribution of a dye tracer in a layered soil. Soil Sci. 164:561-573.
- Heuvelman, W. J., and K. J. McInnes. 1999. Solute travel time distributions in soil: A field study. Soil Sci. 164:2-9.
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Progress 01/01/98 to 12/31/98
Outputs
The influence of the method of water application on the infiltration and transport of solutes in structured soil was studied to determine the effect of different tillage and irrigation practices. Results showed that subsurface properties played the dominant role in influencing the characteristics of water and solute transport. When compared to field data, transfer function models of solute transport were unable to simulate flow through the subsoil after they were calibrated with travel-time data from the surface horizon. If a negative retardation factor (essentially an acceleration factor) was adopted for subsoils, transfer function models were able to simulate flow through the subsoil. Hydraulic properties of clayey soils from the Claypan Area, Blackland Prairies and Coast Prairie Major Land Resource Areas of Texas were investigated in detail. Results showed that hydraulic characteristics of water fluxes near saturation were related to the soils' morphology. Soil
macroporosity was the dominant factor determining infiltration rates even though macropores occupied only a small fractions of the soils' total porosities. The mean hydraulically active pore size when all pores were potentially active, was about 0.3 mm for clays and 0.1 mm for sands. On average, changes in infiltration with matric potential were greater for clays than for loams, and greater for loams than for sands. Weakly sorbed contaminants applied or spilled on most of the soils studied would have short resident times in the root zone once they entered into the by-pass flow stream. Conversely, nutrients and chemicals not adjacent to the by-pass flow stream may have relatively long resident times.
Impacts
(N/A)
Publications
- Schwartz, R.C., K.J. McInnes, A.S.R. Juo, D.L. Reddell, and L.P. Wilding. 1999. Boundary effects upon solute transport in finite soil columns. Water Resour. Res. (in press).
- Lin, H. S., K. J. McInnes, L. P. Wilding, and C. T. Hallmark. 1999. Effects of soil morphology on hydraulic properties: I. Quantification of soil morphology. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. (in press).
- Lin, H. S., K. J. McInnes, L. P. Wilding, and C. T. Hallmark. 1999. Effects of soil morphology on hydraulic properties: II. Hydraulic pedotransfer functions. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. (in press).
- Heuvelman, W. J., and K. J. McInnes. 1999. Solute travel time distributions in soil: A field study. Soil Sci. (in press).
- McInnes, K. J., C. S. Campbell, and J. L. Heilman. 1999. Timing the Valve Switching for Conditional Sampling of Eddies. Agron. J. (in press).
- Lin, H. S., K. J. McInnes, L. P. Wilding, and C. T. Hallmark. 1998. Macroporosity/moisture effect on infiltration rates in vertisols and vertic intergrades. Soil Sci. 163:2-8.
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Progress 01/01/97 to 12/31/97
Outputs
The influence of various organic bulking agents and tillage treatments on remediation of oil-contaminated soil was studied. Results showed that addition of organic bulking agents strongly influenced sorption of organic vapors and altered the pattern of loss of organic compounds found in oil contaminated soil. Hydraulic properties of clayey soils from the Claypan Area, Blackland Prairies and Coast Prairie Major Land Resource Areas of Texas were investigated. Results showed that hydraulic characteristics of water fluxes near saturation were associated with by-pass flow. These low-tension water fluxes were governed by large pores that occupied only a small fractions of the soils' total porosities. The mean hydraulically active pore size when all pores were potentially active, was about 0.3 mm for clays and 0.1 mm for sands. On average, changes in infiltration with matric potential were greater for clays than for loams, and greater for loams than for sands. Weakly sorbed
contaminants applied or spilled on most of the soils studied would have short resident times in the root zone once they entered into the by-pass flow stream. Conversely, nutrients and chemicals not adjacent to the by-pass flow stream may have relatively long resident times.
Impacts
(N/A)
Publications
- Rhykerd, R. L., B. Crews, K. J. McInnes, and R. W. Weaver. 1997. Impact of bulking agents, forced aeration, and tillage on remediation of oil-contaminated soil. Soil Sci. (in press).
- Lin, H. S., K. J. McInnes, L. P. Wilding, and C. T. Hallmark. 1997. Macroporosity/Moisture Effect on Infiltration Rates in Vertisols and Vertic Intergrades. Soil Sci. (in press).
- Lin, H. S., K. J. McInnes, L. P. Wilding, and C. T. Hallmark. 1997. Low tension water flow in structured soils. Can. J. Soil Science. (in press, Nov. 1997)
- Noborio, K., K.J. McInnes, and J.L. Heilman. 1997. Construction and applications of a computer-controlled multiplexing TDR system. Trans. of Japanese Society of Irrigation, Drainage, and Reclamation Engineering 188: 129-135.
- Heil, J. W., A. S. R. Juo, and K. J. McInnes. 1997. Soil properties influencing surface sealing of some sandy soils in the Sahel. Soil Sci. 162:459-469.
- Heuvelman, W. J., and K. J. McInnes. 1997. Spatial variability of water fluxes in soil: A field study. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. 61:1037-1041.
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Progress 01/01/96 to 12/30/96
Outputs
Cotton growth under water and N stress was evaluated to improve management strategies for irrigation and N fertilization. Results showed the importance of the interaction of water and nitrogen stress in managing cotton yields. The effect of trellising and aerodynamic transport properties in a vineyard were evaluated to help in managing irrigation water in vineyards. Results showed how the physical structure of the vineyard influenced water use by the vines. Improvements in the understanding of in water loss from turfgrass were found using eddy correlation measurements and theoretical analysis of heat and water movement in urban system. Studies to improve models of soil systems irrigated with saline water were conducted. Simulation models of salt and water movement in furrow-irrigated soil were run on a CRAY supercomputer. The results of the simulations compared favorably to field data. The results demonstrate the use of high-speed computers in compilation and
utilization of knowledge of water and salt movement in soil.
Impacts
(N/A)
Publications
- FERNANDEZ, C. J., K. J. MCINNES, and J. T. COTHREN. 1996. Water status and leaf area production in water- and nitrogen-stressed cotton. Crop Science 36:1219-1228.
- FERNANDEZ, C. J, J. T. COTHREN, and K. J. MCINNES. 1996. Partitioning of biomassin water- and nitrogen-stressed cotton during pre-bloom stage. J. Plant Nutrition 19:595-617.
- HEILMAN, J. L., AND K. J. MCINNES, and R. W. GESCH. 1996. Effect of trellising on the energy balance of a vineyard. Agric. Forest Meteorol. 81:79-83.
- MCINNES, K.J., J. L. HEILMAN, and R. J. LASCANO. 1996. Aerodynamic conductances along the soil surface in a vineyard. Agric. Forest Meteorol. 79:29-37.
- SAVAGE, M. J., K. J. MCINNES, and J. L. HEILMAN. 1996. The 'footprints' of eddy correlation sensible heat flux density, and other micrometeorological measurements. South African J. Sci. 92:137-142.
- NOBORIO, K., K. J. MCINNES, and J. L. HEILMAN. 1996. A 2-D model for solution,heat, and solute transport in furrow-irrigated soil: I. Theory. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. 60:1001-1009.
- NOBORIO, K., K. J. MCINNES, and J. L. HEILMAN. 1996. A 2-D model for solution, heat, and solute transport in furrow-irrigated soil: II. Field evaluation. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. 60:1010-1021.
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Progress 01/01/95 to 12/30/95
Outputs
Cotton growth under water and N stress was evaluated to improve management strategies for irrigation and N fertilization. The results have been accepted for publication. Aerodynamic transport properties from the soil surface in a vineyard were evaluated to help in managing irrigation water in vineyards. Studies to improve models of soil systems irrigated with saline water were conducted. Models were run on a CRAY supercomputer. This research has been accepted for publication. Effect of salinity on bioremediation of oil in soil was studied. Results show the degree of salt removal required to obtain given rates of bioremediation. The fractions of soil that transmit water in structured clays were evaluated. The results show that for each soil studied, only a small fraction of soil transmitted water when the soil was near saturation and that the magnitude of this small fraction was related to the soil's pedality.
Impacts
(N/A)
Publications
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Progress 01/01/94 to 01/30/94
Outputs
Fundamental biophysical information on the decomposition of a wheat (triticum aestivum L.) cover crop killed with glyphosate was developed. This information will help with the proper timing of cover crop termination to optimize subsequent crop growth and prevent nutrient leaching. Aerodynamic transport properties from a ridge-furrow tilled soil were evaluated. The information from this study will help in managing water in ridge-furrow tilled soil systems. Studies to improve models of soil systems irrigated with saline water were conducted. Parts of this research have been published or have been accepted for publication. Effect of salinity on bioremediation of oil in soil was studied. Results show the degree of salt removal required to obtain given rates of bioremediation. A study was conducted to determine the proper placement of eddy correlation sensors to measure water usage by turfgrass. Results showed that eddy size was more important than sonic reflections in
affecting measurement values. Modeling efforts were conducted to describe the production of nitrate from ammonium fertilizers in acid sandy soils.
Impacts
(N/A)
Publications
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Progress 01/01/93 to 12/30/93
Outputs
Fundamental biophysical information on the decomposition of a wheat (triticum aestivum L.) cover crop killed with glyphosate was developed. This information will help with the proper timing of cover crop termination to optimize subsequent crop growth and prevent nutrient leaching. Aerodynamic transport properties from a ridge-furrow tilled soil were evaluated. The information from this study will help in managing water in ridge-furrow tilled soil systems. Studies to improve models of soil systems irrigated with saline water were conducted. Parts of this research have been published or have been accepted for publication. Effect of salinity on bioremediation of oil in soil was studied. Results show the degree of salt removal required to obtain given rates of bioremediation. A study was conducted to determine the proper placement of eddy correlation sensors to measure water usage by turfgrass. Results showed that eddy size was more important than sonic reflections in
affecting measurement values. Modeling efforts were conducted to describe the production of nitrate from ammonium fertilizers in acid sandy soils.
Impacts
(N/A)
Publications
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Progress 01/01/92 to 12/30/92
Outputs
A study was conducted to gain fundamental information on the field environment of cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) planted into a wheat (triticum aestivum L.) cover crop killed with glyphosate. The combined transport properties for heat and water of the residue and cotton crop (1 m row spacing) were evaluated. A manuscript on this study has been published. A second study was conducted on the effects of glyphosate on carbon and water economies of terminated wheat plants. At the Brazos Bottoms Research Farm aerodynamic properties of ridge-till cultivation (1 m spacing) were studied. A manuscript on this study has been published and a second is in preparation. A study started in 1989 to evaluate the thermal properties of saline soils has been completed and a manuscript on the research has been accepted for publication. This information will be used in simulation models being developed. Studies on the effects of mepiquat-chloride on carbon and water economies of cotton
plants were studied. Several manuscripts on these experiments have been published.
Impacts
(N/A)
Publications
- NOBORIO, K., AND K. J. MCINNES. 1993. Thermal conductivity of salt-affected soils. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. (in-press).
- HEILMAN, J. L., K. J. MCINNES, R. W. GESCH, AND R. J. LASCANO. 1992. Energy balance and water vapor conductance in ridge-tilled soil covered with herbicide-killed winter wheat. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. 56:1278-1286.
- FERNANDEZ, C. J., J. T. COTHREN, AND K. J. MCINNES. 1992. Carbon and water economies of well-watered and water-stressed cotton plants treated with mepiquat-chloride. Crop Sci. 32:175-180.
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Progress 01/01/91 to 12/30/91
Outputs
Two studies have been conducted gain fundamental information on the environmental of cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) planted into a wheat (triticum aestivum L.) cover crop killed with glyphosate. In controlled environment chambers at College Station, the decomposition of wheat on termination with glyphosate was studied. Data on water use along with carbon/nitrogen partitioning and transformations were evaluated. A manuscript on this experiment is in preparation. At the Brazos Bottoms Research Farm aerodynamic properties of ridge-fill cultivation (1 m spacing) were studied. A manuscript on this study has been published. These results support a study where the combined transport properties of the residue and cotton crop (1 m row spacing) was evaluated. A manuscript on this study has been accepted for publication. A study started in 1989 to evaluate the thermal properties of saline soils has been completed and manuscript has been submitted to SSSAJ. This information will
be used in simulation models being developed. Studies on the effects of mepiquat-chloride on carbon and water economies of cotton plants were studied. Several manuscripts on these experiments have been published or are in press.
Impacts
(N/A)
Publications
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Progress 01/01/90 to 12/30/90
Outputs
Four studies are being conducted. Two of these studies are designed to support field experiments being conducted at Lubbock, Texas where the decomposition of a wheat (triticum aestivum L.) cover crop killed with a herbicide and planted to cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) is being evaluated. In controlled environment chambers at College Station, the decomposition of wheat on termination with the herbicide glyphosate is being studied. Two soils are being compared. Data on water use along with carbon/nitrogen partitioning and transformations are being evaluated. N is being used to monitor the nitrogen transformations after treatment with the herbicide. A manuscript is being prepared on the initial findings of this study. At the Brazos Bottoms Research Farm aerodynamic properties of ridge-till cultivation (1 m spacing) have been studied. A manuscript on this research has been accepted for publication. The results will support the Lubbock study where the combined
transport properties of the residue and cotton crop (1 m now spacing) will be evaluated. The third study is being conducted to evaluate the thermal properties of saline soils. This information will be used in simulation models. Experimentation in this study is completed and a manuscript is being prepared for publication. The fourth study is funded by the Texas Water Resources Institute and initiates work on travel times and water flux distributions in a highly structured soil, Houston Black clay. Field experimentation will begin on this study in 1991.
Impacts
(N/A)
Publications
- MCINNES, K.J., HEILMAN, J.L. and GESCH, R.W. 1991. Momentum roughness and zero-plane displacement of ridge-furrow tilled soil. Agric. and Forest Meteorol. "In press.".
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Progress 01/01/89 to 12/30/89
Outputs
At present, three studies are being conducted. Two of these studies are designedto support a field experiment to be conducted at Lubbock, Texas in the summer of 1990 where the decomposition of a wheat (triticum aestivum L.) cover crop killed and planted to cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) will be evaluated. In controlled environment chambers at College Station, the decomposition of wheat on termination with a herbicide (Glyphosate) is being studied. Two soils are being compared. Data on water use along with carbon/nitrogen partitioning and transformations are being evaluated. At the Brazos Bottoms Research Farm aerodynamic properties of ridge-till cultivation (1 m spacing) are being studied. These results will support the Lubbock study where the combined transport properties of the residue and cotton crop (1 m row spacing) will be evaluated. The third study, started in June 1989 and to be completed in early 1990, is being conducted to evaluate the thermal properties of
saline soils. This information will be used in simulation models. Two preproposals submitted in 1989 were accepted for full development. One is to study waste water management for large dairies. The other proposal is to study the movement of pesticides through structured Texas soils.
Impacts
(N/A)
Publications
- NO PUBLICATIONS REPORTED THIS PERIOD.
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