Progress 10/01/08 to 09/30/09
Outputs
OUTPUTS: Research Data Collection for four new cases: -Sunlight Electric, San Francisco, CA -Behance, NY, NY -Three Twins Ice Cream, San Francisco, CA -CBT Architects and Designers, Boston, MA. With Emma Nagle, Presidential Scholar Case analysis, summary writing and powerpoint presentations for all four cases are in process. Case interviews have been integrated into "Eclips" website (by Prof Streeter/AEM) for public access. Book Manuscript Development Working Title: Redesigning Business: Strategic Stories of Leadership, Creative Problem-Solving and Social Change. The manuscript focuses on creating a collection of strategic stories which illustrate how a new generation of values-led entrepreneurs use design as a tool for leadership and social change. In addition to data collection and analysis for four new cases, work this past year focused on creating a core collection of stories to illustrate the three key areas highlighted in the title. In addition, research and argument for the supporting summary framework was significantly developed. Future goals include focusing exclusively on writing and proposal submission, halting any new case development since the case collection is up to fourteen. PARTICIPANTS: Not relevant to this project. TARGET AUDIENCES: Target audiences include design and business students and educators as well as professionals in both fields. Efforts to change knowledge in these fields comes largely through multi-media presentations, techinal report summaries that help the audience apply the knowledge and classroom training. Materials are highly visual, multimedia and emotive and as such cause learners to question assumptions and mindsets. PROJECT MODIFICATIONS: Not relevant to this project.
Impacts
The case collection was increased to 14 thereby adding greater depth and diversity to the sample. The impact potential was extended by adding new type of cases to the collections. Now, in addition to long term business success stories, the collection also include short term, new ventures. The ability to explore how design thinking and innovation is operationalized across this range of business ventures and industries adds a robustness to the inductive findings and greater potential application and meaningfulness.
Publications
- Danko, S. and Gates, E. (2008). Design Dialogue: Rob Erhlichman, CEO and Founder, Sunlight Electric. Training Report
- Danko, S. and Gates, E. (2008). Design Dialogue: Amy Domini, CEO and Founder, Domini Social Investments. Training Report.
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Progress 10/01/07 to 09/30/08
Outputs
OUTPUTS: The goals of the project are to document cases of design as a tool for leadership and social change. The outputs for this project during the period are rich and varied and include teaching, mentoring, data collection, data analysis, symposia, workshops and product development. The goals of the project are to document examples of design as a tool for leadership and social change and to summarize the tenets of this expanded view of design. The outputs for this project during the past year have been rich and varied and include activities: data collection, data analysis, teaching, and mentoring; events: symposia, workshops and guest lectures; and product development in the form of audio, video, slide presentations, and web databases. Specifically, on-site data collection for five new cases of socially responsible entrepreneurship by design were conducted. The four cases were Immaculate Baking Company, North Carolina; Dancing Deer Baking Company, Boston, MA; Domini Social Investments, NY, NY ; Maggie's Organics, East Ann Arbor, Michigan and CBT Architects in Boston, MA. Case study analysis continues for these cases and prior cases. Analysis uses a comparative cross-case framework developed by the author which highlights the tenets of design leadership. These cases have been used in the classroom at Cornell and other universities both here and abroad. They were featured in an invited symposia and workshop at the University of Florida, College of Design and in a guest teaching seminar at the Management Center Innsbruck, University of Austria. I have successfully mentored four undergraduate researchers, as evidenced one of them receiving a Presidential Research Fellowship. Additional outputs include products in the form of case summaries and Powerpoint presentations. In addition to the aforementioned invited lectures and seminars, interview data and findings have been disseminated through a web database known as "Eclips" (by Prof Streeter/AEM) for public access. Outputs also include the development of strategic narratives that contextualize the findings. Significant advancements were made on the story writing and themed development of the story collections. The work is being shaped into a manuscript proposal. PARTICIPANTS: Not relevant to this project. TARGET AUDIENCES: There are four primary target audiences fpr this work: University students reached through the classroom experience, Faculty, reached through symposia and papers; Design practitioners, reached through symposisa, lectures and the web database; and business professionals reached through symposia and the web database. PROJECT MODIFICATIONS: Nothing significant to report during this reporting period.
Impacts
This work has resulted in both changes in knowledge and changes in actions. Life skills and positive life choices as well as behavior changes among young adults were documented through course evaluations. Many students commented on developing and new and valuable perspective on business as well as a new awareness of leadership goals and potential in themselves. Additional evidence of students applying this new knowledge is through their actions to extend the course concepts into their daily lives.
Publications
- No publications reported this period
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Progress 01/01/04 to 12/31/04
Outputs
Several projects are underway that focus on Design as a Tool for Leadership and Social Change. They include: Advancing E-Scholarship is a project which supports the creation of a searchable database on Innovation and Creativity in Entrepreneurship for teaching and scholarly research. My contribution focuses on adding a business, ethics and design component to the database. Values-Led Leadership by Design: Strategic Stories of Growing a Responsible Business is a project which explores various ways values-led entrepreneurs use design (product design, marketing design and workplace design) and design process to communicate their vision, values, and social mission to stakeholders. Values-Led Economic Decision Making:is a project which adds a stronger economic perspective to the research (above) by emphasizing the cost/benefits (real and perceived) of values-led economic decision-making in the for-profit sector. Leadership by Design is an ongoing project targeting specific
case studies in design leadership and the sourcing of materials for teaching and research. Progress has been broken down by overall research objectives: Objective 1: Development of a conceptual framework that places design at the center of discussions of leadership and social change. Over 15 interviews have been collected from 3 case studies. We have 3 more cases to study to develop a comparative data base that will yield insights about design leadership through social entrepreneurship. Objective 2: Development of expertise in narrative inquiry. This year I presented a paper at an international conference in Germany on how narrative method enhances systems thinking. In addition, I presented research findings derived from narrative method at the leading interior design conference (for which I won best paper) and have several papers in preparation. Objective 3: Demonstrate how design and design process can be used as a tool for leadership. Preliminary findings were accepted for
presentation at 3 conferences this year. Objective 6: New Case Study on Design Leadership. Data collection, analysis, of new case study narrative for Discovery Channel Latin America. This work is completed and a paper is in preparation that highlights corporate culture in relation to societal culture. As a result of the work above, several new articles are in progress and are listed below: Danko, S., Portillo, M. and Meneely, J. (in preparation). From Space to Place: Visualizing the human dimension through narrative. To be submitted to The Journal of Interior Design. Danko, S. (in preparation). The Gift of Purpose: A story of leadership and symbolism in interior design. To be submitted to The Journal of Interior Design. Danko, S., and Khambaty, L. (in preparation). Corporate Culture in Relation to Societal Culture. To be submitted to The Journal of Interior Design.
Impacts
Development of a new conceptual framework that places design at the center of discussions of leadership and social change is unique to the fields of both business and design. Design has seldom been discussed in relation to leadership style and effectiveness. This evolving framework begins to identify the specific impact and role interior design can play in strategic leadership decisions. The method of inquiry used in the Strategic Stories project is unique to the study of interior design and design process (other than in history). Publications and presentations directed at both the design and business communities demonstrate integral role of design in the process of leading change. The stories illustrate how interior design shapes corporate culture, facilitates change management, and communicates vision and values of an organization. The goal is to demonstrate through true stories of design impact how design can be a tool for leadership and result in a competitive
edge. Publications and presentations directed at both the design and business communities demonstrate integral role of design in the process of leading change and promoting organizational creativity. The stories illustrate how interior design shapes corporate culture, facilitates change management, and communicates vision and values of an organization. The use of stories in the classroom illustrates how narratives can be a tool for the development of emotional intelligence, a critical leadership competency.
Publications
- Danko, S. 2004. Whole Person/Whole Designing: Nurturing Leadership and Systems Thinking through Storytelling, Published Abstract in Proceedings from The 6th Symposium on Systems Research in the Arts: Music, Interior Design, and the Choreography of Space, Baden-Baden, Germany.
- Danko, S. and Meneely, J. 2004. Rescuing the Art of Drawing in the Digital Age, Published Abstract in the Proceedings of the 2004 IDEC/Interior Design Educators Council Conference, Pittsburgh, PA
- Danko, S. and Portillo, M. 2004. Embracing Creative Tension: Narratives of Strategic Leadership in Design, Published Abstract in Proceedings of the 2004 IDEC/Interior Design Educators Council Conference, Pittsburgh.
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Progress 01/01/03 to 12/31/03
Outputs
Several articles are in progress that report the data analysis from Brain Store, a case study focusing on the role of interior design in supporting creativity and innovation. Brain Store, Inc, is an idea factory in Switzerland which has a unique creative problem solving process. Preliminary findings reveal that interior design plays a critical role in supporting that creative process and that the process of moving clients towards innovative solutions involves pushing them outside their comfort zones. Publications resulting from explorations in the use of strategic stories in the classroom are noted below. Several more articles are in progress. Findings indicate that the stories are an effective teaching tool in the design studio nurturing concepts of leadership and affective development in students.
Impacts
Publications and presentations directed at both the design and business communities demonstrate integral role of design in the process of leading change and promoting organizational creativity. The stories illustrate how interior design shapes corporate culture, facilitates change management, and communicates vision and values of an organization. The use of stories in the classroom illustrates how narratives can be a tool for the development of emotional intelligence, a critical leadership competency.
Publications
- Danko, S. 2003. Nurturing whole person development and leadership through narrative. Journal of Interior Design, 29:1&2, 82-96.
- Vithayathawornwong, S., Danko, S., and Tolbert, P. 2003. The role of the physical environment in promoting creativity in organizational settings. Journal of Interior Design, 29:1&2, 1-16.
- Platten, J., Evans, G. and Danko, S. 2003. The inclusion of permanent artwork in public schools and its relation to sense of ownership. Journal of Environment and Behavior, 35:2, 250-263.
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Progress 01/01/02 to 12/31/02
Outputs
Data from the Boston Financial strategic story was analyzed and two new strategic stories were constructed. The first story entitled: 'A Change of Mindset' demonstrates how a CEO used interior design as a tool in the change management process of a financial organization. The second story entitled: 'Faces on the Wall' was an outgrowth of the strategic story 'The Gift of Purpose' created last year. It illustrates the power of interior symbols to communicate organizational vision and values in the same organization. Both new stories explore the inherent creative tension in the design process. Findings suggest that tension can be a positive force if constructively managed by the leadership in an organization. Findings also demonstrate the role of interior design as a tool for leadership. Data analysis from BrainStore, a case study focusing on the role of interior design in supporting creativity and innovation was begun. BrainStore, Inc, is an idea factory in Switzerland
which has a unique creative problem solving process Preliminary findings reveal that interior design plays a critical role in supporting that creative process. Eight interviews are being analyzed and stories are being constructed for future publication. Explorations of the use of strategic stories in the classroom has begun. Findings indicate that the stories are an effective teaching tool in the design studio nurturing concepts of deep designing and affective development in students.
Impacts
Publications and presentations directed at both the design and business communities demonstrate integral role of design in the process of leading change. The stories illustrate how interior design shapes corporate culture, facilitates change management, and communicates vision and values of an organization. The goal is to demonstrate through true stories of design impact how design can be a tool for leadership and result in a competitive edge.
Publications
- Danko, S. and Portillo, M. 2002. New Ways of Teaching and Learning through Strategic Stories, in Carpenter, T (Ed) Proceedings from the 2002 IDEC Conference, Sante Fe, pp 34-36.
- Portillo, M. and Danko, S. 2002. At the Intersection of Creativity and Leadership: Strategic Stories of Design, in Mira, Cameselle, and Martinez (Eds) Culture, Quality of Life and Globalization, Proceedings of the 17th Conference of the International Association for People-Environment Studies, LaCorunna, Spain, p. 483
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Progress 01/01/01 to 12/31/01
Outputs
Data from the Boston Financial strategic story continues to be analyzed in the effort to yield several new strategic stories focusing on the role of interior design as a tool for leadership. One new strategic story entitled The Gift of Purpose has been written and a journal article that elucidates the leadership initiatives being supported is in progress. This story focuses on the use of symbolic elements in the workplace to support an executive's transformational leadership style. Two more stories focusing on design process as a tool for change management and communication are in progress. New case study research focusing on the role of interior design in supporting creativity and innovation was begun. Data in the form of first hand interviews, photographs and archival document collection was collected on site at BrainStore, Inc, an idea factory in Switzerland. BrainStore has a unique creative problem solving process which has received much media attention in the
past few years. The founders believe strongly that interior design plays a critical role in supporting that process. Eight interviews were collected and are in the process of being transcribed.
Impacts
Business leaders will come to understand the proactive role interior design can play in shaping corporate culture, facilitating change management, communicating vision and values and supporting innovation in the organization. The goal is to demonstrate through true stories of design impact how design can be a tool for leadership and result in a competitive edge.
Publications
- Danko, S. and Portillo, M. (2001). Reaching Out: The Common Language of Stragegic Stories. Interiors & Sources, July/August 01: 94-99.
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Progress 01/01/00 to 12/31/00
Outputs
Findings from a study which examined how worplace design impacted the interview process of young, executive recruit reveal strategic implications of both design process and product for six leadership initiatives thought to impact overall quality of life and enhance recruitment and retention. The six initiatives include differentiating quality of life as a competitive edge, aligning individual values with corporate values, building a sense of community, nurturing professional growth and knowledge transfer, communicating social mission and leaving a legacy of social change. Interior design was shown to play a supportive role for each of these strategic leadership initiatives.
Impacts
Business leaders looking to attract the best and the brightest will come to understand that the design of space can factor heavily into a new recruit's decision-making process and ultimately their decision to accept the position. Leaders will recognize that the impacts of workplace design also extend beyond initial recruitment to have longer-term implications for corporate competitiveness.
Publications
- Danko, S. (2001). Beneath the Surface: A Story of Leadership, Recruitment, and the Hidden Dimensions of Strategic Workplace Design. Journal of Interior Design,26(2),1-24.
- Danko, S.and Portillo, M. (2001). Nurturing a Culture of Leadership by Design: Lessons from Strategic Stories. World Congress on Environmental Design for the New Millenium Proceedings, 510.
- Portillo, M. and Danko, S. (2001). Cultivating a Culture of Creativity by Design: Lessons from Strategic Stories. World Congress on Environmental Design for the New Millenium Proceedings, 511.
- Danko, S. (2000). Connecting Voice across Time: Submission to the Martin Luther King Jr. Memorial Design Competition, Washinton, D.C.
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Progress 01/01/99 to 12/31/99
Outputs
Sabbatical 1999-2000. Research focuses on exploring the role of design as a tool for leadership, creative problem-solving and social change across a wide range of disciplines including business, education, human development, health and medicine and ecology. Accomplishments: Development of a new theoretical framework which examines the role of design in daily life as a change agent has been codified and published nationally and internationally at several industry conferences. Significant findings include a). demonstrating design linkages to more tradtitional frameworks focusing on transformational leadership and principle-centerd leadership concepts; b.) demonstrating how design as a tool for leadership fits into the historical and evolutionary spectrum of leadership types and developmental processes; and c.) use of the framework in competitive design projects to demonstrate it's efficacy and practical use for leading societal change. The results are significant in
that they demonstrate to the business and institutional communities the supportive role of design in transforming corporate cultures, retaining the most talented workforce and the significant personal impact design has on individuals in a work community.
Impacts
The social impact of the project centers on changing perceptions of the role of design in daily life and empowering the business community with a greater understanding of how to use design to reinforce their social as well as economic agendas. It also forces designers and facility planners to see themselves as part of a larger leadership effort and encourages more socially responsible design decisions.
Publications
- Danko, S. (2000). Connecting Voice Across Time Entry Submitted to the Dr. Martin Luther King Memorial International Design Competition, Washington, D.C.
- Danko, S. (submitted 2000). Beneath the Surface: A Story of Leadership, Recruitment and the Hidden Dimensions of Strategic Workplace Design Journal of Interior Design.
- Danko, S. (1999). Design - A Vital Part of Leadership in Kufsteiner Geprache: Recent Trends in Facility Management Proceedings from the 1999 Conference, Kufstein, Austria: CDRom
- Danko, S. et.al. (1999). Real Time Relevance Interiors & Sources, July/August 99: 110-112.
- Danko, S. (1999). Design that Leads-Not Follows in World Workplace '99: Proceedings of the International Facility Management Association 1999 Conference, Los Angeles. CDRom
- Danko, S. (1999). Design - A Vital Part of the Leadership Equation in World Workplace/Europe '99: Proceedings of the Euro FM/IFMA 1999 Conference, Goteburg, Sweden: Vol. 2, pp 189-197.
- Platten, J., Evans, G., and Danko, S.(2000). The Inclusion of Permanent Student Artwork in Public Schools and its' Relation to Sense of Ownership in EDRA 31: Proceedings of the Environmental Design Research Association 2000 Conference, San Francisco.
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Progress 01/01/98 to 12/31/98
Outputs
Research focuses on exploring the role of design as a tool for leadership, creative problem-solving and social change across a wide range of disciplines including business, education, human development, health and medicine, and ecology. Stage of work: Development of a new theoretical framework which examines the role of design in daily life as a change agent. The framework shifts the traditional emphasis on design away from an object-oriented output to a catalyst or throughput and examines design impact from a systemic view. A literature review drawing from leadership, values and ethics, business management and design education has begun. In addition, a case study reporting framework that links design to a wide range of professions and disciplines is being developed to provide models for change. Funding sources are being sought for development of framework, case study collection and modeling and dissemination of ideas. Status of work: Articles which frame design as a
leadership tool are in preparation. Over twenty additional case examples have been identified since first reported in 1997. Several are targeted for in-depth case study examination and documentation. The goal is to identify common issues facing leaders who use design as a social change agent. For example, one of the targeted case studies examines the role of the physical environment as a tool for education. Three schools in Charlotte, NC form the basis for a case study which examines the implications of a participatory design process and the role of the physical environment in developing self-esteem in K-12. Case study models from other professions are being examined specifically medicines SOAP model, the law brief and the business case study model. Several funding sources have been secured including a 7000.00 grant from the Office of Distance Learning, Cornell University for the development of a Design Leadership Website which presents the framework in a holistic way and will provide
a vehicle for future dissemination (and solicitation) of ideas. A 2000.00 alumni gift in support of this research has helped fund the sourcing of innovative case studies and the development of case study reporting framework. And a 500.00 alumni gift has been received in support of communicating these concepts back into the classroom. In addition, a three year, collaborative research project funded by the FIDER, the Foundation for Interior Design Education and Research and leading industry giants has begun focusing on design as a strategic business tool. My work as one of six principle investigators centers on issues of design leadership. This research methodology is current under development. Findings and Accomplishments: Several national and international presentations to professional design organizations (peer review) have been accepted and presented. Overwhelming support and feedback demonstrates the efficacy of the leadership framework across a wide range of professional
practices. Research findings are not yet available.
Impacts
(N/A)
Publications
- Portillo, M., Black, A., Budd, C., Danko, S., McLain-Kark, J. and Kendall, S. (1998). FIDERs Latest Research Directive: Strategic Stories, Interiors and Sources, J/A98: 90-91.
- Portillo, M., Black, A., Budd, C., Danko, S., McLain-Kark, J., and Kendall, S. (1998). FIDERs Latest Research Directive: Strategic Stories, FIDER Special Supplement, Nov 98: 8-9.
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Progress 01/01/97 to 12/31/97
Outputs
Research focuses on exploring the role of design as a tool for leadership and social change across a wide range of disciplines including business, education, human development, health and medicine, and ecology. Over 80 case examples have been identified and documented since 1996. In-depth case study documentation and analysis of three relating to design as a tool for education are currently in progress.
Impacts
(N/A)
Publications
- Danko, S. (1997). ABCDesign. In Design for Life National Design Museum Magazine, Smithsonian Institution, Volume Four, Number Three, Autumn 1997, p. 29.
- Danko, S. (1997). Making a Difference by Design. In World Workplace '97 Proceedings, International Facility Management Association: Dallas, pp. 675-688.
- Danko, S. (in progress). Creative Design Process: A primer for leadership and social change.
- Danko, S. (in progress). Designing Self-Esteem into Educational Environments. To be submitted to Children's Environments
- Danko, S. (1997). Design as a Tool for Leadership. Keynote Speaker, Summer Design Institute Cooper-Hewitt National Design Museum: New
- Danko, S. (1997). Making a Difference by Design. Design Power '97 ASID International: Seattle, July.
- Danko, S. (1997). Design as a Tool for Social Change: The ABC Project. The Human Village: ICSID '97, International Council of the Society of Industrial Designers: Toronto, August.
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Progress 01/01/96 to 12/30/96
Outputs
Research focuses on creative problem solving techniques and practices particularly as they relate to professional design practice and design education. Ongoing work attempts to identify physical elements of the interior environment that impact creative performance, personal motivation and self image.
Impacts
(N/A)
Publications
- Danko, S. (1996). "Reframing Design as a Tool for Leadership" in Hildebrand, P. Horizons and Frontiers: New Challenges for Design Educators; Proceedings from the 1996 Interior Design Educators International Design Conference, Denver, CO.
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Progress 01/01/95 to 12/30/95
Outputs
Research focuses on exploring the relationship of the physical environment to creative problem solving and design practice. Ongoing work attempts to identify physical elements of the interior environment that impact creative performance, personal motivation and self image. Additional work includes the exploration of innovative products for interior finishes based on restorative concepts of design and manufacturing.
Impacts
(N/A)
Publications
- Danko, S. (1995). Bronze Prize: Restorative Composites. In Nagoya International Design Competition Interiors: Next Wave. Nagoya Japan. International Interior Design Fair Executive Committee, p. 16.
- Danko, S. (1995). Bronze Prize: Restorative Composites. In Winning Works Exhibition Catalog of the Nagoya International Design Competition. NagoyaJapan: International Interior Design Fair Executive Committee. Exhibits: Danko, S. (1995). Bro.
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Progress 01/01/94 to 12/30/94
Outputs
Research on the relationship of the physical environment to creativity and creative problem solving. Emphasis on identifying the extent to which physical elements of the interior environment affects creative performance and output. Also studying the impact of the physical environment on related performance issues of personal motivation and self image.
Impacts
(N/A)
Publications
- NO PUBLICATIONS REPORTED THIS PERIOD.
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Progress 01/01/92 to 12/30/92
Outputs
Design exploration begun during sabbatic 91-92 as a result of a fellowship awarded by the ASID/Wool Bureau was completed in August 1992. Final documentation of products and report in process. Preliminary discussions with legal counsel regarding patent-ability of ideas and corporate interest has begun.
Impacts
(N/A)
Publications
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Progress 01/01/91 to 12/30/91
Outputs
Continuation of research identifying creative problem-solving techniques adapting them for use on interior design problems, which could be used in teaching design methods to students.
Impacts
(N/A)
Publications
- NO PUBLICATIONS REPORTED THIS PERIOD.
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Progress 01/01/90 to 12/30/90
Outputs
The goal of this research was to identify a series of creative problem-solving techniques from a variety of disciplines that could be adapted for use on interior design problems & mainstreamed into traditional studio instruction in the hopes of enhancing both the students' design process (how they arrive at a solution) & design product (the creative quality of their solution). Aspects of the design process that were assessed included: efficiency, ability to think in alternatives and self-confidence. Aspects of the design product that were assessed included: fluency, flexibility, originality and elaboration. Both process skills and creative product were perceived by the students to improve as a result of learning and applying the methods to their individual studio design projects. For each of the various aspects of the design process that were measured, every one of them scored a mean rating over 5.9 indicating improvement. Each of the various aspects of the design
product that were assessed, also scored a mean rating over 6.3, indicating perceived improvement. While the study only measured perceived improvement (versus actual), the findings suggest that design students respond positively and willingly to increased structure and systematic methods of instruction during beginning phases of the design process, particularly idea generation. The findings also indicate that the creative quality of the output is perceived to improve by students.
Impacts
(N/A)
Publications
- DANKO, S. 1990. Developing Design Methods to Enhance Creative Problem Solving in the Design Studio. Presented at IDEC, San Francisco, April.
- DANKO, S. 1990. "Inside the Creative Design Process". In J.H. Dohr (Ed.), The Polsky Papers. Madison: Univ. of Wisconsin-press, 1-9.
- MCLENNAN, P., DANKO, S. and OSTRANDER, E. 1990. A New Look at an Old Product: Reframing Systems Furniture as Technology. In Selected Papers from the 20th International Conf. of EDRA, pp. 298-308, Raleigh: Univ.NC Press.
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Progress 01/01/89 to 12/30/89
Outputs
Study intended to reveal the design process and methods of four great designers:Leonardo DaVinci, Ben Franklin, Thomas Jefferson and Frank Lloyd Wright. This research is still in progress. It has successfully surfaced a number of specific identifiable methodologies used by each with particular emphasis on the work of Ben Franklin and Leonardo. Research more importantly reveals a consistent concern with understanding and consciously manipulating the design process through original methodologies developed by these men. A clear understanding of the actual process of problem solving each undertook was not revealed through this initial attempt. Material is presently being summarized and illustrated for future publication.
Impacts
(N/A)
Publications
- NO PUBLICATIONS REPORTED THIS PERIOD.
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Progress 01/01/88 to 12/30/88
Outputs
Focus of the investigation is on revealing the design process on methods used bywell known problem solvers such as Benjamin Franklin, Leonardo DeVinci and Charles Jefferson. Archival data collection is continuing. Emphasis is currently being placed on Benjamin Franklin. Also work has been conducted focusing on using the Harvard case study method to teach interior design.
Impacts
(N/A)
Publications
- DANKO, S. 1988. Using the Case Study Method to Teach Design Communications. Paper accepted for presentation at 1989 IDEC (Interior Design Educators Conference) in April, 1989 in Cincinnati.
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Progress 01/01/87 to 12/30/87
Outputs
A study intended to reveal the design process and methods of four great designers: Leonardo DaVinci, Ben Franklin, Thomas Jefferson, and Frank Lloyd Wright was begun in summer '87. The research successfully surfaced a number of specific identifiable methodologies used by each with particular emphasis on the work of Ben Franklin and Leonardo. The research more importantly reveals a consistent concern with understanding and consciously manipulating the design process through original methodologies developed by these men. A clear understanding of the actual process of problem solving each undertook was not revealed through this initial attempt. This material is presently being summarized and illustrated for future publication.
Impacts
(N/A)
Publications
- NO PUBLICATIONS REPORTED THIS PERIOD.
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