Progress 10/01/11 to 09/30/16
Outputs
Target Audience:Research Scientists, Academics, Agricultural Producers Changes/Problems:Our major change is related to the change in the research focus of the PI as a reults of demonstrating tha bull urine is not a likely canidate tocause the biostimulatory effect of bulls on postpartum anovulatory cows,and the development of new technology that may have far-reaching implications for understanding the basis of how metabolism and reproduction are intimately related physiologically. The end result may be the development of new strategies to improve reproductive and growth efficiency in domestic ruminants What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided?This project and the research conducted in this project provided training opportunities for M.S. students to develop critical skills learned during these course of this project to advance to Ph.D. program, go on professional schools, or professions benefit agriculture and conservation biology. Furthermore, it enhanced their professional development by allowing them to participate in presentation of data and interaction with colleagues at numerous local, state, regional, and national conferences and meetings. How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest?These results have been disseminated to the local, state, regional and multistate scientific communities in the forms of presentations, abstracts, proceedings, and scientific articles, and well as, to advisory boards and through experiment station bulletins to the agricultural community in Montana, at least. Additionally, these results were disseminated to undergraduate and graduate students, and other non-agricultural-oriented faculty here at MSU (MSU's Annual Student Research Celebration) and within the region (Western Section of the ASASAS Annual Meeting and the Montana Academy of Sciences Annual Meeting) in order to enhance public understanding and increase interest in learning and careers in agricultural sciences and technologies. In regard to the wild ungulates, we have shared our results to wildlife biologists, wildlife managers, and conservation organizations and societies What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals?
Nothing Reported
Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals?
Our intital attempts to simulate the biostimulatory effect of bull urine by dripping mature bull urine or oronasal application of bull urine were disappointing, and lead to a change in the objectives and directions of the aforementioned goals. Nevertheless,this changewas productive in that it allowed us to develop new hypothesies related to reproductive phenomena in domestic as well as wild ungulates, especially in regard to pregnancy and metabolism. One major accomplishment was thedevelopment of NMR technology to evaluate changes in metabolite profiles in ungulates. We now have built a databasethat includes 55 metabolites that we have identified in the systemic circulation of domestic sheep and beef cattle, reindeer, big horn sheep, and mountain goats. We have used this technology to show that 1) long-term progesterone treatment, that mimics concentrations observed during pregnancy, do not affect NMR metabolites in domestic ewes; 2) one can distuish distinct populations of wild ungultes; 3) differentiate pregnancy females that are nutritionally stressed; and 4) provide a new hypothesis for the role of placenta and fetus for regulating maternal metabolism, independent of progesterone iteself.
Publications
- Type:
Other
Status:
Awaiting Publication
Year Published:
2016
Citation:
Herrygers, M. R., J. M. Thomson, K. Perz, K. B. Herrygers, K. Metcalf, M. Knerr, P. Merta, and J. G. Berardinelli. 2016. Long-term progesterone influence on feed efficiency, body composition, non-esterified fatty acids and metabolic hormones in mature Rambouillet ewes. College of Agriculture and Extension Research Reports.
- Type:
Other
Status:
Awaiting Publication
Year Published:
2016
Citation:
Perz, K. A., J.G. Berardinelli, L. N. Park. R. K. Pollard. C. M. Page, W. C. Stewart, and J. M. Thomson. 2016. Indices of body composition and repeatability of residual feed intake in growing Columbia ewes fed the same diet. College of Agriculture and Extension Research Reports.
- Type:
Other
Status:
Awaiting Publication
Year Published:
2016
Citation:
Williams, A. F., J. A. Boles, M. R. Herrygers, J. G. Berardinelli, M. C. Meyers, and J. M. Thomson1. Relationship between current temperament measures and physiological responses to handling of feedlot cattle. College of Agriculture and Extension Research Reports
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2016
Citation:
Miller, M. D., G. E. Carstens, J. M. Thomson, J. G. Berardinelli, M. R. Herrygers, J. White, L. O. Tedeschi, and P. K. Riggs. 2016. Associations between residual feed intake and metabolite profiles and feeding behavior traits in feedlot cattle. J. Anim. Sci. 94 (E-Suppl. 5): 711, Abstr. 1491. https://asas.org/docs/default-source/JAM2016/jam-2016-final-pdf-copy.pdf?sfvrsn=2
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2016
Citation:
Prezotto, L. D., J. F. Thorson1, J. Dafoe, M. R. Herrygers, and J. G. Berardinelli. 2016. Characterization of changes in temporal concentrations of fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) before and after parturition in beef multiparous beef cows. J. Anim. Sci. 94 (E-Suppl. 5): 511, Abstr. 1085. https://asas.org/docs/default-source/JAM2016/jam-2016-final-pdf-copy.pdf?sfvrsn=2
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2016
Citation:
Williams, A. F., J. A. Boles, M. R. Herrygers, J. G. Berardinelli, M.C. Meyers, and J.M. Thomson. 2016. Relationship between current temperament measures and physiological responses to handling of feedlot cattle. J. Anim. Sci. 94 (E-Suppl. 5): 515, Abstr. 1094. https://asas.org/docs/default-source/JAM2016/jam-2016-final-pdf-copy.pdf?sfvrsn=2
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2016
Citation:
White, J. R., R. M. Herrygers, J. M. Thomson, V. Copie, B. Triplet, C. J. Butler, D. E. McWhirter, W. H. Edwards, K. Monteith, R. A. Garrott, and J. G. Berardinelli. 2016. Developing physiological profiles using nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy to inform bighorn sheep (Ovis canadensis) management. 54th Annual Conference, Montana Chapter of the Wildlife Society. February 2016. Abstract, p. 58. http://wildlife.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/05/2016_TWS_Conference_Program_Full_Final_2-23-16.pdf
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2016
Citation:
Herrygers, R. M., J. R. White, J. M. Thomson, C. J. Butler, D. E. McWhirter, W. H. Edwards, K. Monteith, R. A. Garrott, and J. G. Berardinelli. 2016. Pregnancy rates, metabolites and metabolic hormones in bighorn sheep during and after the breeding season. 54th Annual Conference, Montana Chapter of the Wildlife Society. February 2016. Abstract, p. 35. http://wildlife.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/05/2016_TWS_Conference_Program_Full_Final_2-23-16.pdf
|
Progress 10/01/14 to 09/30/15
Outputs
Target Audience:Research Scientists, Academics, Agricultural Producers Changes/Problems:The major change/problem with the goals of the initial project are related to a fundamental change in the naturre of the excretion of putative phereomones invloved in the biostimulatory effect of bulls on anestrous cows. This change will delay our progress in this area over the next 2 years to test the hypotheses associated with the current objectives. In the interim, it is clear that study of the differences in reproductive rate between the 2 popoulations of Rambouillet ewes at MSU may alter our understanding of the interrelations between metabolism andpregnancy with the goal to understand feed efficiency between these2 lines of ewes.Additionally, we are on a new track to discover how metabolic profiles are related to specif reproductive process by utilizing a new technology (NMR). What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided?The research provided training opportunities for M.S. and Ph.D. students that have used the skills learned during these experiments to go on to high-paying agricultural-related positions or advancement into high quality Ph.D. programs and industry. Furthermore, it enhanced my professional development by allowing me to participate in presentation of data and interaction with colleagues at3 conferences this past year. How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest?These results were desseminated to undergraduate andgraduate students, and other non-agricultural-oriented faculty here at MSU (MSU's AnnualStudent Research Celebration) and within the region (Western Section of the ASAS Annual Meeting and the Montana Academy of SciencesAnnual Meeting)in order toenhancepublic understanding and increase interest in learning and careers in agricultural sciences and technologies. What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals?The astounding finding that ewes selected for high reproductive rate produced more pounds of lamb for less that 25% of feed input is a clear example of an important NIFA priority, namely,increase in reproductive efficiency in domestic ruminants. We will forumulate hypotheses around that most iportant finding between these lines of ewes which was an increase in progesterone concentration after80 days of pregnancy. Our thesis will be that long-term, high concentrations of progesterone improves efficiency of feed utilization in pregnant ewes. More importantly, we have partnered with the NMR group at MSU and are currently developing NRM metabolic profiles that may shed understanding of changes in metabolic profiles that may alter reproductive processes in ruminants.
Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals?
Due to personal health considerations I was unable to perfrom work on these specific goals. On the other hand other collaborators and I perfromed work on goals associated with W2112. The follwoing is a summary of those accomplishments. Selection of Rambouillet ewes for high or low reproductive rate has not only caused a difference in litter size and total kg of lamb born per ewe, but it has also resulted in observable differences in late-gestation P4 concentrations and efficiency of TDN intake to kg of lamb born per ewe between these lines. Results for litter size and total kg of lamb born per ewe confirm that the use of this SI has maintained a difference in reproductive rate between these lines. These phenotypic characteristics do not appear to be driven by intake, or differences in metabolites or metabolic hormones assessed in this study. Differences in temporal P4 concentrations may reflect genetic differences caused by the SI relating to specific physiological processes affecting the reproductive rates of these sheep. The 25% increase in kg of TDN intake during gestation per kg of lamb born per ewe of LL compared to HL ewes represents a dramatic difference in reproductive efficiency, with important implications for increasing profitability of sheep production. We have developed a hypothesis that long-term progresterone treatment that mimics concentrations observed during pregnancy may alter metabolism of ewes to increase the efficiency of conversion of feed into fat and muscle tissue, independent of the placenta and embryo/fetus. CIDRs, replaced at 14-d intervals were used to maintain porgesterone concentration for 128 days beging during the breeding season of Rambouillet ewes. Data to date indicated that 70 d of long-term P4 treatment provided by a CIDR did not appear to alter feed efficiency, BW or body composition in mature Rambouillet ewes. However, exposing ewes to P4 for a longer period of time may be necessary to affect feed efficiency, BW and body composition.
Publications
- Type:
Journal Articles
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2014
Citation:
J. D. Swartz, M. Lachman, K. Westveer, T. ONeill, T. Geary, R. W. Kott, J. G. Berardinelli, P. G. Hatfield, J. M. Thomson, and C. J. Yeoman.2014. Characterization of the vaginal microbiota of ewes and cows reveals a unique microbiota with low levels of lactobacilli and near-neutral PH. Frontiers Vet. Sci. 1:19. doi: 10.3389/fvets.2014.00019.
- Type:
Journal Articles
Status:
Submitted
Year Published:
2014
Citation:
J. D. Swartz, J. G. Berardinelli, J. M. Thomson, M. Lachman, K. Westveer, M. R. Herrygers, R. W. Kott, P. G. Hatfield, C. J. Yeoman. 2014. Temporal patterns of energy-related metabolites, metabolic hormones, and progesterone concentrations, and intake and lambing rates in Rambouillet ewes selected for high and low reproductive rate. J. Anim. Sci.
- Type:
Journal Articles
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2014
Citation:
Oki, A.C., J.G. Berardinelli, J.A. Clapper, D.H. Pooled, and P.L. Senger. 2014. Enhancing the learning experience of students in reproductive science with multimedia platforms. Clinical Theriogenology 6: 147-153.
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2014
Citation:
Swartz, J. D., J. G. Berardinelli, J. M. Thomson, M. Lachman, K. Westveer, M. R. Herrygers. R. W. Kott, P. G. Hatfield, and C. J. Yeoman. 2014. Temporal patterns of metabolites, metabolic hormones, and progesterone concentrations and lambing rates in Rambouillet ewes selected for high and low reproductive rate. Proc. West. Sect. Amer. Soc. Anim. Sci. 65: 98-101.
- Type:
Other
Status:
Other
Year Published:
2014
Citation:
Swartz, J. D., J. G. Berardinelli, J. M. Thomson, M. Lachman, K. Westveer, M. R. Herrygers. R. W. Kott, P. G. Hatfield, and C. J. Yeoman. 2014. Rambouillet ewes bred for improved reproductive rate consume less TDN per kg of lamb born. 2014 Montana Nutrition Conference and Livestock Forum, Bozeman, MT. Poster.
- Type:
Journal Articles
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2015
Citation:
Ramstead, A. G., I. A. Schepetkin, K. Todd, J. Loeffelholz, J. G. Berardinelli, M. T. Quinn, M. A. Jutila. 2015. Aging influences the response of t cells to stimulation by the ellagitannin, oenothein b. International Immunopharmacology. 26:367-377. http://ac.els-cdn.com/S1567576915001630/1-s2.0-S1567576915001630-main.pdf?_tid=3c7daa52-fb49-11e4-92d7-00000aab0f6c&acdnat=1431725449_a6db9384725788feed9c14ea9b2adf5e
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2015
Citation:
Perz, K. A., M. R. Whitmore, A. F. Williams, A. R. Hicks-Lynch, M. R. Herrygers, J. A. Boles, J. G. Berardinelli, and J. M. Thomson. 2015. Carcass characteristics and body composition of lambs selected for divergent residual feed intake. Proc. West. Sect. Amer. Soc. Anim. Sci. 66:77-80.
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2015
Citation:
Perz, K. A., M. R. Whitmore, A. F. Williams, A. R. Hicks-Lynch, M. R. Herrygers, J. A. Boles, J. G. Berardinelli, and J. M. Thomson. 2015. Blood parameters and respiratory quotients of lambs selected for divergent residual feed intake. Student Research Celebration Program and Abstracts, Montana State University. Abstr. p. 25. Poster. http://www.montana.edu/usp/documents/2015%20SRC%20Program.pdf
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2015
Citation:
Perz, K. A., M. R. Whitmore, A. F. Williams, A. R. Hicks-Lynch, M. R. Herrygers, J. A. Boles, J. G. Berardinelli, and J. M. Thomson. 2015. Evaluation of differences in body composition and carcass characteristics in lambs divergent in residual feed intake. Montana Acad. Sci. Annual Meeting, 2015 Program and Abstracts; p 10. http://sciencemt.org/MAS/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/150408-Academy-Oral-Abstracts.pdf
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2015
Citation:
Perz, K. A., M. R. Whitmore, A. F. Williams, A. R. Hicks-Lynch, M. R. Herrygers, J. A. Boles, J. G. Berardinelli, and J. M. Thomson. 2015. Effect of RFI classification on wether performance and carcass characteristics. 2015 Montana Nutrition Conference and Livestock Forum, Bozeman, MT. Poster. http://msuextension.org/coa/documents/CarcassCharactersticsandBodyCompositionofLambs.pdf
- Type:
Journal Articles
Status:
Under Review
Year Published:
2015
Citation:
Swartz, J. D., J. G. Berardinelli, J. M. Thomson, M. Lachman, K. Westveer, M. R. Herrygers, R. W. Kott, P. G. Hatfield, and C. J. Yeoman. 2015. Rambouillet ewes selected for high and low reproductive rates do not have differing intake or nutritive metabolic phenotypes but display altered systemic progesterone concentrations. PLOS ONE. (Revise; 10_1_2015, Revision submitted).
|
Progress 10/01/13 to 09/30/14
Outputs
Target Audience: Research Scientists, Academics, Agricultural Commodity Groups Changes/Problems: We have changed the emphasis of this project due to development of new knowledge regarding selection for reporductive rate in sheep. We believe that we have discovered a a factor that can increase reproductive efficiency in economically important domestic ruminant and will pursue this line of research in the remaining years of this project. What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided? Since change indirection, we are in the process of training graduate students and a newly hired Research Associate in the Physiology Lab in our Department. How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest? We have presented results from some of our research to producers and commodity groups at the MontanaNutritional Conference and Livestock Forum and at Montana State University's Student Celebration of Research Program for undergraduate and graduate students, Faculty, and the general public/community. What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals? We have changed directions in our research emphasis for this project and will probably make limited progress in accomplishing the specific objective detailed above.
Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals?
To date we have nothing to report regarding meeting the goals of this project as outlined above. We have changed the emphasies of this project due to development of new knowledge regarding selection for reproductive rate in sheep.
Publications
- Type:
Journal Articles
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2014
Citation:
J. D. Swartz, M. Lachman, K. Westveer, T. ONeill, T. Geary, R. W. Kott, J. G. Berardinelli, P. G. Hatfield, J. M. Thomson, and C. J. Yeoman.2014. Characterization of the vaginal microbiota of ewes and cows reveals a unique microbiota with low levels of lactobacilli and near-neutral PH. Frontiers Vet. Sci. 1:1-10. doi: 10.3389/fvets.2014.00019.
- Type:
Journal Articles
Status:
Under Review
Year Published:
2014
Citation:
J. D. Swartz, J. G. Berardinelli, J. M. Thomson, M. Lachman, K. Westveer, M. R. Herrygers, R. W. Kott, P. G. Hatfield, C. J. Yeoman. 2014. Temporal patterns of energy-related metabolites, metabolic hormones, and progesterone concentrations, and intake and lambing rates in Rambouillet ewes selected for high and low reproductive rate. J. Anim. Sci. (Submitted; October, 2014).
- Type:
Journal Articles
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2014
Citation:
Oki, A.C., J.G. Berardinelli, J.A. Clapper, D.H. Pooled, and P.L. Senger. 2014. Enhancing the learning experience of students in reproductive science with multimedia platforms. Clinical Theriogenology 6: 147-153.
- Type:
Journal Articles
Status:
Submitted
Year Published:
2014
Citation:
Ramstead, A. G., I. A. Schepetkin, K. Todd, J. Loeffelholz, J. G. Berardinelli, M. T. Quinn, M. A. Jutila. 2014. Aging influences the response of t cells to stimulation by the Ellagitannin, oenothein b. Immunobiology (October, 2014).
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2014
Citation:
Swartz, J. D., J. G. Berardinelli, J. M. Thomson, M. Lachman, K. Westveer, M. R. Herrygers. R. W. Kott, P. G. Hatfield, and C. J. Yeoman. 2014. Temporal patterns of metabolites, metabolic hormones, and progesterone concentrations and lambing rates in Rambouillet ewes selected for high and low reproductive rate. Proc. West. Sect. Amer. Soc. Anim. Sci. 65: 98-101.
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2014
Citation:
Swartz, J. D., C. J. Yeoman, J. Berardinelli, J. Thomson. 2014. Impact of long term selection on reproductive efficiency in line-bred Rambouillet sheep. Proc. 10th World Congress on Genetics Applied to Livestock Production. Vancouver, B. C., Canada. 17-22 August 2014 https://asas.org/docs/default-source/wcgalp-posters/635_paper_9077_manuscript_898_0.pdf?sfvrsn=2
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2014
Citation:
Herrygers, M. R., R. Garrott, C. Butler, and J. G. Berardinelli. 2014. Pregnancy rate and metabolites in bighorn sheep (Ovis canadensis) at the end of breeding season and the first trimester of pregnancy. Montana Acad. Sci. Annual Meeting, 2014 Program and Abstracts. http://sciencemt.org/MAS/wp-content/uploads/2014/04/2014-Abstracts-for-Oral-Presentations.pdf.
|
Progress 01/01/13 to 09/30/13
Outputs
Target Audience: Research Scientists, Academics Changes/Problems: During the past year I have had major health issues that have delayed progess on this project. However, I have been active in other areas that are reflected in my statement related to goals. What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided?
Nothing Reported
How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest?
Nothing Reported
What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals?
Nothing Reported
Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals?
The Rambouillet sheep selection program at Montana State University began in 1968 with the establishment of the high (HL) and low (LL) reproductive rate lines. Sheep within these lines were selected based on the index of “I” = total number of lambs born in a lifetime / (age of ewe – 1). The lines have significantly differentiated phenotypically for, number of lambs born, number of lambs born per ewe exposed and per ewe lambing, and total kilograms of lamb weaned (P < 0.01) Furthermore, systemic progesterone concentrations during the luteal phase of the estrous cycle differ HL and LL ewes (P < 0.05). Previous research in these flocks has shown differences between the lines for lambing rate, litter size and ovulation rate. Objectives of the present study were to: 1) evaluate if there are genomic differences between lines; and, 2) identify quantitative trait loci associated with each line and candidate genes within these loci. A sample set of 50 and 46 HL and LL sheep, respectively, were genotyped using the Ovine 60K SNP chip. The data for the genotypes were analyzed using the Golden Helix commercial software package. Principal component analysis indicated distinct clusters for the two lines of sheep when the first two eigenvectors were plotted; demonstrating that these lines are, in fact, genetically different. Using an additive correlation association model and a Bonferroni correction there were 14 markers that differed (P< 0.01). These markers are on chromosomes 1, 3, 9, and 24. The candidate genes that appear to differ include CHP2, ACOT11, NOS1AP and EGFR. Further analyses and additional samples from each line are needed to better map the differences between the lines. In conclusion it appears that long-term selection for reproductive, a trait known to have low heritability, can be successful in generating animals, at least in sheep that are phenotypically and genetically different.
Publications
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2013
Citation:
Rohrs J. L., S. J. Moreaux, R. A. Frost, and J. G. Berardinelli. 2013. Metabolic and morphometric effects of psyllium supplementation in horses grazing rapidly growing cool season grasses. Proc. West. Sect. Amer. Soc. Anim. Sci. 64: 388: 391.
Rohrs J. L., S. J. Moreaux, R. A. Frost, and J. G. Berardinelli. 2013. Metabolic and morphometric effects of psyllium supplementation in horses grazing rapidly growing cool season grasses. J. Anim. Sci. 91:789 (Suppl. 3). Abstr. 765.
P. Helmecke, S.J. Moreaux, J. Weeding, J.G.P. Bowman, J.G. Berardinelli. 2013. Effects of psyllium supplementation on protein, triglycerides, serum electrolytes and packed cell volume in grazing horses. J. Equine Vet. Sci. 33:336 (Abstr).
J.L. Rohrs, S.M. Moreaux, R.A. Frost, J. Weeding, J.G. Berardinelli. 2013. Metabolic effects of psyllium supplementation in horses grazing rapidly growing cool-season grass. J. Equine Vet. Sci. 33: 341-342 (Abstr.)
|
Progress 01/01/12 to 12/31/12
Outputs
OUTPUTS: The objectives of this study were to determine if ampullary (AMP) and isthmic (IST) protein concentrations patterns, and progesterone (P4) and estradiol (E2) concentrations patterns differ over the first five days of the estrous cycle among first (pubertal; FE) and third estrous (TE) ewe lambs and mature ewes (ME). Crossbred, spring-born ewe lambs (n = 40) and mature (4- to 6-yr-old; n = 20) were assigned randomly at estrus to treatments arranged in a 3 (cycle type; CT) x 5 (day of cycle) factorial (n = 4 ewes per treatment). Observation of estrus occurred twice daily with the aid of mature, epididymectomized rams beginning in October. Each ewe was bi-laterally salpingectomized on either Day 0 (estrus), 1, 2, 3 or 4 after estrus. A jugular blood sample was collected from each ewe immediately before surgery on these days. Right and left AMP and IST segments were flushed with 4 and 2 mL of Delbecco's PBS (pH = 7.2), respectively. PMSF was added to a final concentration of 10 mM to each flushing and flushings were flash frozen in liquid N2. Protein in flushings was assayed using the BCA method (Pierce, Rockford, IL). Serum samples were assayed for P4 and E2 concentrations by RIA. There was an interaction (P < 0.01) between CT and day of cycle for AMP and IST protein concentrations. These interactions were caused by greater (P < 0.05) protein concentrations in the AMP and IST of ME than in FE ewes on Day 2 and lower (P < 0.05) concentrations in ME than in FE ewes on Day 4. There was an interaction (P < 0.01) between CT and day of cycle for P4 and E2 concentrations and P4:E2 ratios. P4 increased (P < 0.05) more rapidly from D 2 to 4 in ME than in FE and TE ewes. Estradiol increased (P < 0.05) from D 2 to 3 more rapidly in ME than in FE and TE ewes; whereas, E2 deceased (P < 0.05) from D 3 to 4 in ME and TE ewes, while E2 increased (P < 0.05) from D 2 to 4 in FE ewes. Progesterone:estradiol ratios increased (P < 0.05) from D 2 to 4 in ME and TE ewes than in FE ewes. In conclusion, concentration patterns of AMP and IST protein and ovarian steroid hormones during the first 5 d of the estrous cycle differ between FE and ME ewes. PARTICIPANTS: J.G. Berardinelli, Principal Director TARGET AUDIENCES: Research Scientists, Academics PROJECT MODIFICATIONS: None
Impacts
These results of this study indicate the possibility that reduced fertility in ewe lambs at their first estrus may be caused by an inappropriate secretory environment in the oviduct. Different types of different concentrations of ampullary and isthmic secretory proteins may limit early embryo survival in the oviduct and produce lowered than expected pregnancy rates in ewe lambs bred at their first estrus. These results provide new fundamental knowledge to the problem of increasing reproductive efficiency in economically important ruminant species.
Publications
- Berardinelli, J. G. 2012. Oviductal protein and ovarian hormone concentrations during the first five days of the estrous cycle in first and third estrous ewe lambs and mature ewes. J. Anim. Sci. 90:723 (Suppl. 3). Abstr. No. 846.
- Berardinelli, J. G. 2012. Oviductal protein and ovarian hormone concentrations during the first five days of the estrous cycle in first and third estrous ewe lambs and mature ewes. Proc. West. Sec. Amer. Soc. Anim. Sci. 63:221-224.
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Progress 01/01/11 to 12/31/11
Outputs
OUTPUTS: The biostimulatory effect in sheep is known to cause a relatively rapid increase in gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH) in ewes that accelerates resumption of seasonal ovulatory activity. Furthermore, the 10 amino acid molecule known as kisspeptin (kiss) has been identified as a key regulator of reproduction. Kisspeptin expression has been found to increase during the breeding season, and increase further during the late follicular phase in ewes. Additionally, kisspeptin has been colocalized with GnRH in the caudal portion of the arcuate nucleus in the hypothalamus. The objective of this project was to develop hypothalamic tissue collection procedures and laboratory protocols to access expression of kiss in response of ewes to the presence of rams. During the breeding season, mature Targhee ewes were exposed (n = 2) or not exposed (n = 2)to mature, epididyectomized rams for 10 d during their estrous cycle. Each ewe was injected with heparin, then euthanized with pentobarbitol; the head was removed and perfused with 4% paraformaldehyde and Na2NO3 in 0.1 M phosphate buffer (pH = 7.4). The brain was removed, the hypothalamic region was dissected out and stored cool (4o C) in 30% sucrose until it was sectioned. Frozen coronal sections (50 um thick) were cut and stored in a cryoprotectant solution until processed for immunocytochemical visualizations. Sections representing the rostral, middle, and caudal regions of the ARC and through the POA were chosen from each ewe and mounted on SuperFrost slides. A blocking solution containing 10% normal goat serum and 0.3% Triton X-100 in 0.1 M Tris-buffered saline (TBS) was applied, and then sections were incubated for 72 h at 4 C with a human kisspeptin antibody used at a dilution of 1:2000. Slides were washed in TBS and sections incubated with goat anti-rabbit Alexa 448 for 2 h at room temperature (1:400; Molecular Probes Inc., Eugene, OR). Slides were again washed in TBS, and sections counterstained with 0.3% Sudan Black B to minimize auto-fluorescence. After rinses in TBS and then 0.1 M phosphate buffer, coverslips were applied using anti-fade mounting solution (Dako, Capenteria, CA). Kisspeptin-immunoreactive cells were identified under fluorescent illumination. A single observer counted the total number of cells that appeared with each slide. The number of kisspeptin-immunoreactive cells per section in each region was recorded. Data analyses are in progress. PARTICIPANTS: J.G. Berardinelli, Principal Director; R. McCosh, MS Graduate Student; Carson Butler; Undergraduate Research. TARGET AUDIENCES: Research Scientists, Academics PROJECT MODIFICATIONS: Nothing significant to report during this reporting period.
Impacts
The long-term goal of this research is to determine the physiological pathway whereby pheromones of rams induce changes in the hypothalamic kisspeptin-GnRH system that accelerated the onset of the breeding season in sheep and other seasonally breeding mammals.
Publications
- No publications reported this period
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Progress 01/01/10 to 12/31/10
Outputs
OUTPUTS: The objective was to determine if ram exposure during the transition into the breeding season altered progesterone (P4), cortisol, triiodothyronine (T3), thyroxine (T4), T3:T4 ratios, prolactin (PRL) or IGF-1 concentrations in 18-mo-old Targhee ewes. Anestrous ewes were stratified by residual feed intake (RFI) score (efficient; n=12); middle; n=12; inefficient; n=12) and assigned randomly to be exposed to rams (RE; n=18) or wethers (NE; n=18). Ewes within exposure type were assigned to one of two pens (1 male/9 ewes/pen); with 33 m separation between RE and NE pens. Blood samples were collected from each ewe by jugular venipuncture every other day for 20 d, beginning on the first d of exposure. Samples were assayed for P4, cortisol, T3, T4, PRL, and IGF-1. Resumption of luteal activity began earlier (P<0.05) in RE than in NE ewes. There were no differences in patterns of cortisol, T3 or IGF-1 concentrations, or T3:T4 ratios between RE and NE ewes or among ewes with efficient, middle, or inefficient RFI scores. There was a treatment by day interaction (P<0.05) for T4 and PRL concentrations. Concentrations of T4 in RE ewes decreased less rapidly and over a longer interval before increasing by the end of the sampling period than those in NE ewes. Concentrations of PRL were greater in RE than in NE ewes 4 d after exposure but decreased over the next 12 d; whereas, PRL decreased in NE ewes during the first 6 d then increased over the next 14 d. There was an exposure type by RFI score interaction (P<0.05) for BW change. Change in BW did not differ among NE and RE ewes with medium or inefficient RFI scores. However, RE ewe with efficient RFI scores showed a greater increase in BW over the 20-d experiment than NE ewes with efficient RFI scores. PARTICIPANTS: J.G. Berardinelli, Principal Director; T.J. Roffe, collaborator, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service; D. Boss, collaborator, NARC; K.C. Davis Research Associate; J.Dafoe, Research Assocaite; R. McCosh, M. S. Graduate Student; M. Borgreen, M. S. Graduate Student; T. Gibbs, Undergraduate Research Intern; Eli Berry, Undergraduate Research Intern; P. Crampton, Undergraduate Research Intern; TARGET AUDIENCES: Research Scientisits, Academics PROJECT MODIFICATIONS: None
Impacts
Exposing 18-mo-old ewes to rams accelerated resumption of luteal activity and altered T4 and PRL concentrations during the transition into the breeding season. Furthermore, the ram effect appears to alter BW change in ewes with efficient RFI scores differently than in ewes of lower RFI scores.
Publications
- McCosh, R. M., Wehrman, M. E., and Berardinelli, J. G. 2010. Effect of rams on body weight, leptin and IGF-1 concentrations in virgin Targhee ewes during the transition into the breeding season. MSU Student Research Celebration. Montana State University, Conference Program, p. 15 (Abstr.).
- Berardinelli, J. G., Tauck, S., Wilkinson, J., Olsen, J., Gibbs, T., Davis, K.C., Dafoe, J., and Boss, D. 2010. Estrous response and pregnancy rates of beef heifers exposed to bulls during an estrus synchronization protocol that included a 14-d CIDR, PGF2a, and, timed AI and GnRH. J. Anim. Sci. 87, [E-Suppl. 3]:152, Abstr. 49.
- Borgreen, M. J., Roffe, T.J., Berry, E., McCosh, R., and Berardinelli, J.G.. 2010. Reproductive rate of semi-free ranging bison (bison bison) at the National Bison Range. Proc. West. Sec. Amer. Soc. Anim. Sci. 61:162-165.
- Borgreen, M.J. 2010. Reproductive performance of bison (bison bison) at the National Bison Range M. S. Thesis, Montana State University-Bozeman.
- Crampton, P., and Berardinelli, J.G. 2010. Temporal patterns of progesterone and metabolic hormones concentrations during the transition into the breeding season in Targhee ewes exposed to rams. MSU Student Research Celebration. Montana State University, Conference Program, p. 8 (Abstr.).
- Borgreen, M.J., Roffe, T.J., Berry, E.M., McCosh, R.M., and Berardinelli, J.G. 2010. Reproductive rate of semi-free ranging bison (bison bison) at the National Bison Range. J. Anim. Sci. 87,[E-Suppl. 3]:152, Abstr. 49.
- Borgreen, M.J., Roffe, T.J., Berry, E.M., McCosh,R.M., and Berardinelli, J.G. 2010. Reproductive rate of semi-free ranging bison (Bison bison) at the National Bison Range. Montana Acad. Sci. Annual Meeting, Program and Abstracts. Page 7.
- Borgreen, M.J., and Berardinelli J.G. 2010. Fecal progesterone as an indicator of reproductive performance in bison (Bison bison). MSU Student Research Celebration. Montana State University, Conference Program, p. 15 (Abstr.).
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Progress 01/01/09 to 12/31/09
Outputs
OUTPUTS: The objective was to evaluate the estrus synchronization response and AI pregnancy rates of beef heifers exposed to bulls during an estrus synchronization protocol that included a controlled internal drug release devices (CIDR) for 14 d, PGF2α (PG), and, timed AI (TAI) and GnRH. The null hypotheses were that the estrous synchronization response after PG injection and AI pregnancy rates do not differ between heifers exposed or not exposed to mature bulls. Three trials were conducted over a 2-yr period. In each trial, heifers were stratified by birth date, BW, BCS, and presence of a corpus luteum. Heifers were then assigned randomly to be exposed to bulls (BE; n=111) or not exposed to bulls (NE; n=110). The heifer to bull ratio was 20 to 1. Heifers were exposed to bulls on the day of CIDR insertion (D -32) and remained with bulls until D 3 (D 0 = d of PG injection). CIDRs were removed 14 d (D -18) after insertion. On D 0 each heifer was injected intramuscularly with PG and bulls were removed from BE heifers. Heifers were observed for estrus during the next 60 h from 0600 to 2400 h daily. Heifers that exhibited estrus within 60 h after PG were bred by AI 12 h later. Heifers that did not exhibit estrus by 60 h were TAI at 72 h after PG and given GnRH (100 ug/cow). Proportions of heifers that exhibited estrus and the interval to estrus by 60 or 72 h after PG did not differ (P>0.10) between NE and BE heifers. Likewise, proportion of heifers bred by AI 12 h after PG or that were inseminated at TAI did not differ (P>0.10) between NE and BE heifers. Interestingly, pregnancy rate of BE heifers (75%) bred 12 h after estrus were greater (P=0.058) than that of NE heifers (59.7%); whereas, pregnancy rates for BE and NE heifers bred at TAI did not differ (P>0.10). Overall AI pregnancy rates did not differ (P>0.10) between NE and BE heifers. PARTICIPANTS: J.G. Berardinelli, Principal Investigator; Graduate Student; J. R. Olsen, M. S. Graduate Student; J. R. W. Wilkinson, M. S. Graduate Student; R. McCosh, M. S. Graduate Student; M. Borgreen, M. S. Graduate Student; T. Gibbs, Undergraduate Research Intern; Chris Sundquist, Undergraduate Research Intern; Eli Berry, Undergraduate Research Intern; P. Crampton, Undergraduate Research Intern; K. Phillips, Undergraduate Lab Assistant; E. Richards, Undergraduate Lab Assistant TARGET AUDIENCES: Beef Cattle Industry, Veterinarians, State and County Extension and Outreach Specialists, Class Material for Undergraduate Students PROJECT MODIFICATIONS: None
Impacts
These results indicate that exposing heifers to bulls during an estrus synchronization protocol that included a CIDR for 14 d, followed 18 d later with PGF2α (PG), and, timed AI (TAI) and GnRH can substantially improve AI pregnancy rates. It would appear that combining bull exposure with a estrus synchronization protocol that include controlled internal drug release devices (CIDR) for 14 d, followed 18 d later by PGF2α (PG), and, timed AI (TAI) and GnRH would be beneficial for improving reproductive performance of yearling beef heifers. Thus, inclusion of a bull in progesterone-based synchronization protocol would be an important, sustainable management practice to improve reproductive efficiency in beef cattle herds.
Publications
- Berardinelli, J. G., S. A. Tauck, J. R. C. Wilkinson, J. R. Olsen, T. Gibbs, and L. Runnion. 2009. Reproductive performance of beef heifers exposed to bulls during an estrus synchronization protocol that included a 14-d CIDR, PGF2α, and, timed AI and GnRH. J. Anim. Sci. 87,[E-Suppl. 3]:148, Abstr. 38.
- Berardinelli, J. G. 2009. New insight into the biostimulatory effect of bulls on reproductive processes of postpartum, anovular, suckled, beef cows. Repro. Physiol. Alum. Reunion Symposium. West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV. July2009. Page 49: Abstr. 10.
- Sundquist, C. and J. G. Berardinelli. 2009. Estrus synchronization response and artificial insemination rates in beef heifers exposed to bulls during an estrus synchronization protocol that included a 14-d CIDR, PGF2α, and, timed AI and GnRH. MSU Student Research Celebration. Montana State University, Conference Program, p. 40(Abstr.): Poster 60.
- Berardinelli, J. G., S. A. Tauck, J. R. C. Wilkinson, J. R. Olsen, T. Gibbs, and L. Runnion. 2009. Reproductive performance of beef heifers exposed to bulls during an estrus synchronization protocol that included a 14-d CIDR, PGF2α, and, timed AI and GnRH. Montana Acad. Sci. Annual Meeting, Program and Abstracts. Page 2.
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Progress 01/01/08 to 12/31/08
Outputs
OUTPUTS: The objective was to evaluate the estrus synchronization response and AI pregnancy rates of beef heifers exposed to bulls during an estrus synchronization protocol that included a controlled internal drug release devices (CIDR) for 14 d, PGF2α (PG), and, timed AI (TAI) and GnRH. The null hypotheses were that the estrous synchronization response after PG injection and AI pregnancy rates do not differ between heifers exposed or not exposed to mature bulls. Heifers were stratified by birth date, BW, BCS, and presence of a corpus luteum. Heifers were then assigned randomly to be exposed to bulls (BE; n=41) or not exposed to bulls (NE; n=41). The heifer to bull ratio was 20.5 to 1. Heifers were exposed to bulls on the day of CIDR insertion (D -32) and remained with bulls until D 3 (D 0 = d of PG injection). CIDRs were removed 14 d (D -18) after insertion. On D 0 each heifer was injected intramuscularly with PG and bulls were removed from BE heifers. Heifers were observed for estrus during the next 60 h from 0600 to 2400 h daily. Heifers that exhibited estrus within 60 h after PG were bred by AI 12 h later. Heifers that did not exhibit estrus by 60 h were TAI at 72 h after PG and given GnRH (100 ug/cow). The proportion of heifers that exhibited estrus after PG was greater (P<0.05) and the interval from PG to estrus was shorter (P<0.05) for NE heifers than for BE heifers. However, there was no difference between intervals to estrus for NE and BE heifers that actually displayed estrus by 60 h after PG. More (P<0.05) NE heifers (65.9%) were bred by AI 12 h after PG than BE heifers (39%), whereas, more (P<0.05) BE heifers were bred TAI at 72 h after PG than NE heifers. Overall AI pregnancy rates for NE and BE heifers did not differ (44.2 and 56.6%, respectively). Although not statistically different, AI pregnancy rates for BE and NE heifers bred 12 h after estrus were 81.3 and 59.3%, respectively (P = 0.13). PARTICIPANTS: J.G. Berardinelli, Principal Investigator; S. A. Tauck, Ph.D. Graduate Student; J. R. Olsen, M. S. Graduate Student; J. R. W. Wilkinson, M. S. Graduate Student; R. Wedlake, Undergraduate Research Intern; K. Phillips, Undergraduate Research Intern; L. Runnion, Undergraduate Lab Assistant; L. Tauck, Undergraduate Lab Assistant; T. Gibbs, Undergraduate Lab Assistant; E. Richards, Undergraduate Lab Assistant. TARGET AUDIENCES: Beef Cattle Industry, Veterinarians, State and County Extension Specialists, Class Material for Undergraduate Students PROJECT MODIFICATIONS: None
Impacts
These results indicate that AI pregnancy rates are not altered by exposing heifers to bulls during an estrus synchronization protocol that included CIDR for 14 d, followed 18 d later with PGF2α (PG), and, timed AI (TAI) and GnRH. Thus, it may not be a benefit for producers to use bulls in this type of estrus synchronization protocol.
Publications
- Whittier, J. C., J. G. Berardinelli, and, L. Anderson. 2008. Understanding Puberty and Postpartum Anestrus. Proceedings, Applied Reproductive Strategies in Beef Cattle. December 2 and 3, 2008, Fort Collins, Colorado. pp. 1 -19.
- Berardinelli, James G. 2007. Comparison of controlled internal drug release device and melengesterol acetate as progestin sources in an estrous synchronization protocol for beef heifers. S. Tauck, J. Wilkinson, J., J. Janitell, J. Berardinelli. American Association of Bovine Practitioners, July, p. 4. [Newsletter}.
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Progress 01/01/07 to 12/31/07
Outputs
OUTPUTS: The objective was to compare the estrous synchronization response and AI pregnancy rates of primiparous, suckled beef cows using protocols that included controlled internal drug release devices (CIDR) for either 7 or 14 d, PGF2α (PG), and, timed AI (TAI) and GnRH. We tested the hypotheses that the estrous synchronization response after PG injection and AI pregnancy rates do not differ between cows synchronized using a CIDR for either 7- or 14-d. Cows were stratified by calving date, calf BW, sex of calf, BW, BCS, and presence of a corpus luteum. Cows were then assigned randomly to receive a CIDR for 7 (CIDR7; n=25) or 14 d (CIDR14; n=25). Each CIDR14 cow received a CIDR on D -31 (D0 = d of PG injection); CIDR were removed 14-d later (D -17) from these cows. Cows received the CIDR14 treatment 74 d (SE = 18 d) after calving. Each CIDR7 cows received a CIDR on D -7, 25 d after the CIDR14 cows received a CIDR. These cows were given a CIDR 99 d (SE; = 18 d) after calving.
CIDR were removed from CIDR7 cows on D 0 and each CIDR14 and CIDR7 cow was injected intramuscularly with PG. Cows were observed for estrus during the next 60 h from 0600 to 2400 h daily. Cows that exhibited estrus within 60 h after PG were bred by AI 12 h later, cows that did not exhibit estrus by 60 h were TAI at 72 h after PG and given GnRH (100 ug/cow). Proportion of cows that exhibited estrus after PG was greater (P<0.05) and the interval from PG to estrus was shorter (P<0.05) for CIDR7 cows than for CIDR14 cows. More (P<0.05) CIDR7 cows (60%) were bred by AI 12 h after PG than CIDR14 cows (20%), whereas, more (P<0.05) CIDR14 cows were bred TAI at 72 h after PG than CIDR7 cows. Overall AI pregnancy rates did not differ between CIDR7 (80%) and CIDR14 (72%) cows.
PARTICIPANTS: J. G. Berardinelli, Princinpal Investigator; S. A. Tauck, Ph.D. Graduate Student; J. R. Olsen, M.S. Graduate Student; J. R. C. Wilkinson, M.S. Graduate Student; R. Wedlake, Undergraduate Research Intern; R. Goodfriend, Undergraduate Research Intern; T. Morris, Undergraduate Research Intern; M. Hove, Undergraduate Research Intern; L. Tauck, Undergraduate Lab Assistant; T. Gibbs, Undergraduate Lab Assistant; E. Richards, Undergraduate Lab Assistant
TARGET AUDIENCES: Beef Cattle Industry, Veterinarians, State and County Extension Specialists, Class Material for Undergraduate Students
PROJECT MODIFICATIONS: None
Impacts
These results indicate that using a CIDR for 7 d with PG given upon of removal of CIDR yields a superior estrous synchronization response compared to that of using a CIDR for 14 d followed 17-d later PG. However, both CIDR protocols yield similar and acceptable AI pregnancy rates when combined with TAI and GnRH in primiparous beef cows. The choice of producers to use one or the other methods may depend upon when breeding may occur and the number of times that cows must be handled to efficiently use AI.
Publications
- Tauck, S. A., J. R. C. Wilkinson, J. R. Olsen, J. N. Janitell, and J. G. Berardinelli. 2007. Comparison of controlled internal drug release device and melengesterol acetate as progestin sources in an estrous synchronization protocol for beef heifers. Theriogenology 68:162-167.
- Tauck, S. A., J. R. C. Wilkinson, and J. G. Berardinelli. 2007. Comparison of using 7- or 14-d CIDR treatments in an estrous synchronization protocol that included PGF2α, and timed AI and GnRH in primiparous, suckled beef cows. J. Anim. Sci. 85(Suppl. 2):170 (Abstr. 65).
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Progress 01/01/06 to 12/31/06
Outputs
The objective of this experiment was to compare the estrus synchronization (ES) response and AI pregnancy rates of beef heifers using protocols that included controlled internal drug release devices (CIDR) or melengesterol acetate (MGA), PGF2α (PG), and, timed AI (TAI) and GnRH. We tested the hypotheses that: 1) ES response after progestin (P) removal and after PG injection; and, 2) AI pregnancy rates do not differ between heifers synchronized using the CIDR or MGA protocol. On d 0 of the experiment 80 yearling crossbred Angus X Hereford heifers were stratified by age, BW, BCS, uterine tract score, and ovarian structures and assigned to be fed a supplement that contained MGA (0.5 MGA mg/hd/d) for 14 d (MES; n=40) or given a CIDR and fed the same supplement without MGA for 14 d (CES; n=40). On d 14 MGA supplementation ceased and CIDR were removed. Heifers were observed for estrus 3 to 4 times daily for 96 h after removal of P and twice daily until PG injection on
d 29 and 31 for CES and MES heifers respectively. Thereafter, heifers were observed for estrus during the next 60 h from 0600 to 2400 h. Heifers that exhibited estrus within 60 h after PG were bred by AI 12 h later, heifers that did not exhibit estrus by 60 h were TAI at 72 h after PG and given GnRH (100 ug/hd). The proportion of heifers that exhibited estrus after P removal tended (P=0.087) to be greater for CES heifers than for MES heifers. Interval for heifers that exhibited estrus after P removal was shorter (P<0.05) for CES heifers than MES heifers. More (P<0.05) CES heifers exhibited estrus and were bred by AI within 60 h after PG than MES heifers. Overall AI pregnancy rates did not differ between CES and MES heifers.
Impacts
Using contollred internal drug releasing device (CIDR) as a progestin source in a 14-d progestin, PGF, and timed AI and GnRH estrus synchronization protocol is as effective as MGA to synchronize estrus and generate AI pregnancies in beef heifers. Extensive beef production units can potential benefit from such a protocol without the necessity of facilities for feeding pellets that contain MGA and inconsistent results associated with feeding MGA.
Publications
- Berardinelli, J. G., P. S. Joshi, and S. A. Tauck. 2006. Artificial insemination pregnancy rates in primiparous, suckled cows exposed to the biostimulatory effect of bulls before and during a gonadotropin-releasing hormone-based estrus synchronization protocol. J. Anim. Sci. In Press [E-pub ahead of print, Nov. 3].
- Tauck, S. A., J. G. Berardinelli, T. W. Geary, and N. J. Johnson. 2006. Resumption of postpartum luteal function of primiparous, suckled beef cows exposed continuously to bull urine. J. Anim. Sci. 84: 2708-2713.
- Tauck, S. A., and J. G. Berardinelli. 2006. Breeding performance of primiparous beef cows exposed to the biostimulatory effect of bulls using a progestin-based estrous synchronization protocol. Proc. West. Sec. Amer. Soc. Anim. Sci. 57: 263-267.
- Tauck, S. A., J. R. C. Wilkinson, and J. G. Berardinelli. 2006. Comparison of CIDR and MGA as progestin sources in an estrus synchronization protocol that included progestin, PGF2α, and timed AI and GnRH in beef heifers. Proc. West. Sec. Amer. Soc. Anim. Sci. 57: 268-271.
- Dafoe, J. M., P. G. Hatfield, R. W. Kott, B. F. Sowell, J. G. Berardinelli, and K. C. Davis. 2006. Effects of supplemental safflower and vitamin e during late gestation on lamb growth, serum metabolites and thermogenesis. Proc. West. Sec. Amer. Soc. Anim. Sci. 57: 56-62.
- Berardinelli, J. G., and S.A. Tauck. 2006. Progesterone concentrations after the first GnRH injection in a GnRH-based estrus synchronization protocol and AI pregnancy rates in primiparous cows exposed to bulls. J. Anim. Sci. 84 (Suppl. 1): 152 (Abstr.211)
- Tauck, S. A., and J. G. Berardinelli. 2006. Breeding performance of primiparous beef cows exposed to the biostimulatory effect of bulls using a progestin-based estrous synchronization protocol. J. Anim. Sci. 84 (Suppl. 2): 157 (Abstr. 63).
- Tauck, S. A., J. R. C. Wilkinson, and J. G. Berardinelli. 2006. Comparison of CIDR and MGA as progestin sources in an estrus synchronization protocol that included progestin, PGF2α, and timed AI and GnRH in beef heifers. J. Anim. Sci. 84 (Suppl. 2): 157 (Abstr. 64).
- Dafoe, J. M., P. G. Hatfield, R. W. Kott, B. F. Sowell, J. G. Berardinelli, and K. C. Davis. 2006. Effects of supplemental safflower and vitamin e during late gestation on lamb growth, serum metabolites and thermogenesis. J. Anim. Sci. 84 (Suppl. 2): 141 (Abstr. 14).
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Progress 01/01/05 to 12/31/05
Outputs
The objective of this study was to evaluate progesterone concentrations associated with an estrous synchronization (ES) protocol that included GnRH, PGF2a (PG) on artificial insemination (AI) pregnancy rates in postpartum, suckle, primiparous cows. The data set was a composite analysis of data from 154 cows collected over a 3-yr period. Average calving date did not differ among yr and was 52 +/- 5 d (+/- SE). Start of the ES protocol was on the same date each yr. In each yr, each cow was given GnRH (100 ug/hd), followed by PG 7 d later. Jugular venous blood samples were collected from each cow on d0 (d of GnRH injection) and at 48-h intervals until the PG injection. Serum samples were assayed for progesterone. Cows were observed for estrus twice daily (am:pm) after PG. Cows that showed estrus before 54, 60, and 64 h after PG were inseminated by AI 12 h later in each yr, respectively. Cows that failed to show estrus were given GnRH and TAI at 62, 72, and 72 h after PG
in each yr, respectively. Pregnancy rates (PR) were determined ultrasonically 35 d after TAI in each yr. The hypothesis tested was that AI pregnancy rates do not differ between cows that exhibit (P4R) or do not exhibit (NP4R) an increase in progesterone of > 1 ng/ml after the first GnRH injection in the ES protocol. Overall AI pregnancy rate for the 3yr was 67.8%. Pregnancy rate was greater (P < 0.01) for P4R cows than for NP4R cows (85 and 48%, respectively). These data indicate that AI pregnancy rates can be improved by using ES protocols that in some manner increase progesterone concentrations to > 1 ng/mL during the synchronization protocol, before injection of PG.
Impacts
Pregnancy rates in postpartum, suckled cows can be significantly improved using an estrus synchronization protocol that in some manner increases progesterone concentrations to those observed during the luteal phase of an estrous cycle of cows, i.e., > 1 ng/mL. Estrous synchronization protocols that fail to achieve this physiological threshold may not be as effective in improving AI pregnancy rates as those that do achieve this threshold in postpartum beef cows. Producers should keep this in mind when evaluating deployment of estrous synchronization protocols in the reproductive management programs.
Publications
- White, D., Jr., J.G. Berardinelli, and K. E. Aune. 2005. Seasonal changes in spermatogenesis and serum testosterone concentrations in the male grizzly bear. Ursus 16(2):198-207.
- White, D., Jr., J. G. Berardinelli, and K. E. Aune. 2005. Age variation in gross and histological characteristics of the testis and epididymus in male grizzly bears. Urus 16(2): 190-197.
- Tauck, S. A. 2005. Factors associated with the biostimulatory effect of bulls on resumption of ovarian cycling activity and breeding performance of first-calf suckled beef cows. M.S. Thesis, Montana State University, Bozeman.
- Berardinelli, J. G., P. S. Joshi, and S. A. Tauck. 2005. Artificial insemination pregnancy rates using a modified Co-Synch protocol for primiparous suckled cows exposed to the biostimulatory effect of bulls. Proc. West. Sec. Amer. Soc. Anim. Sci. 56:325-328.
- Tauck, S. A., and J. G. Berardinelli. 2005. Effect of bull urine exposure on postpartum anestrus and breeding performance of first-calf suckled beef cows. 54th Montana Livestock Forum and Nutrition Conference Proceedings. Montana State University CD; Industry Market Issues: Understanding the Industry's Challenge. Berardinelli, J. G., and S. A. Tauck. 2005. Use of bull exposure in a gonadotropin-releasing hormone-based estrous synchronization protocol that included fixed-time artificial insemination in first-calf suckled beef cows. 54th Montana Livestock Forum and Nutrition Conference Proceedings. Montana State University CD; Industry Market Issues: Understanding the Industry's Challenge.
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Progress 01/01/04 to 12/31/04
Outputs
The objective was to evaluate whether exposing primiparous suckled beef cows to the biostimulatory effect of bulls alters breeding performance associated with an estrous synchronization (ES) protocol that included GnRH, PGF2a (PG), and fixed-time AI. The hypotheses tested were that: 1) proportions of cows that exhibit estrus after PG; and 2) AI pregnancy rates do not differ between primiparous cows exposed or not exposed to the biostimulatory effect of bulls. This is a composite analysis of 3 experiments that evaluated: 1) effects of bull exposure at different d after calving (Yr 1); 2) biostimulatory effects of bull excretory products (Yr 2); and, 3) biostimulatory effects of familiar and unfamiliar bulls (Yr 3) on resumption of cycling activity. In all studies cows were exposed (BE; n = 84) or not exposed (NE; n = 70) to bulls or excretory products of bulls for at least 55 d before the start of the ES protocol. Average calving date did not differ among yr and was 52
+/- 5 d (+/- SE). Start of the ES protocol was the same date each yr. Year did not affect the proportions of BE and NE cows that were cycling at the start of the ES protocol. However, a greater (P < 0.01) proportion of BE than NE cows were cycling at this time. Each cow was given GnRH, followed by PG 7 d later. Cows were observed for estrus twice daily (am:pm) after PG. Cows that showed estrus before 54, 60, and 64 h after PG were inseminated by AI 12 h later in each yr, respectively. Cows that failed to show estrus were given GnRH and TAI at 62, 72, and 72 h after PG in each yr, respectively. Pregnancy rates (PR) were determined ultrasonically 35 d after TAI. Proportions of BE and NE cows that showed estrus after PG and before TAI did not differ. Artificial insemination PR did not differ between BE and NE cows; however, TAI PR tended to be greater (P = 0.07) for BE cows than for NE cows. We conclude that TAI but not overall AI pregnancy rates in an ES protocol that includes GnRH,
PGF2a, and TAI may be improved by the biostimulatory effect of bulls.
Impacts
Pregnancy rates after to an estrus synchronization (ES) and fixed-time AI (TAI) breeding protocol using GnRH and prostaglandin (PG) are generally low if first-calf suckled cows have not resumed ovarian cycling activity. In this longitudinal study we found that exposing primiparous beef cows to bulls before the start of ES increased the number of cows cycling and imporved TAI pregnancy rates of primiparous beef cows. Thus, a management strategy that involves exposing cows before, during, and for a short time after implementing an estrous synchronization and TAI protocol that uses GnRH and PG can improve breeding performance and increase reproductive performance of primiparous beef cows.
Publications
- Berardinelli, J. G., and P. S. Joshi. 2005. Introduction of bulls at different days postpartum on resumption of ovarian cycling activity in first-calf beef cows. J. Anim. Sci. In Press.
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Progress 01/01/03 to 12/31/03
Outputs
The objective of this experiment was to determine if exposure to bulls before, during, and after an estrus synchronization protocol that included CIDR, PGF and GnRH alters AI pregnancy rates in first-calf suckled beef cows. The hypotheses tested was AI pregnancy rates at 39 days after AI and overall pregnancy rates do not differ among cows exposed to bulls before, during, and after AI (BE); cows exposed to bulls before but not during or after AI (BENE); cows not exposed to bulls (NE); or cows not exposed to bulls before but exposed during and after AI (NEBE). Fifty-two first-calf suckled AXH crossbred cows were stratified by calving date, calf sex, body condition score, calf birth weight and dystocia score and randomly assigned to bull exposure (BE; n = 26) and no bull exposure (NE; n = 26) 35 d before breeding. Ten d before breeding one half of the BE and NE cows were randomly assigned to no bull exposure (BENE; n = 13) or bull exposure (NEBE; n = 12). Immediately
thereafter each cow received a CIDR. Seven d later CIDR's were removed and each cow was given an i.m. injection of PGF (25mg/hd). Cows were then observed for estrus and any cow that showed estrus was bred by AI 12 h later for 60 h after CIDR removal. Cows that did not show estrus were injected i.m.with GnRH (100 ug/hd) and mass bred by AI 72 h after CIDR removal. Cows remained in their treatments until 8 d after mass AI breeding. Natural service occurred 20 d after mass AI breeding. Pregnancy diagnosis by ultrasonography was preformed on each cow 39 d after AI and again by palpation per rectum 5 mo later. There was no interaction (P > 0.10) in either AI or overall pregnancy rates among treatments. AI and overall pregnancy rates were 67.3 and 90.3%, respectively. Data were pooled to evaluate the effect of bull exposure for 30 d before the beginning of the estrus synchronization and AI protocol. AI pregnancy rates, but not overall pregnancy rates, were higher (P < 0.05) in cows exposed
to bulls than for cows not exposed to bulls (80.8 and 53.9%, respectively). We conclude that short-term bull exposure of first-calf suckled beef cows to bulls during or after an estrus synchronization protocol that included CIDR, PGF and GnRH with mass AI did not appear to effect breeding performance; whereas, breeding performance appeared to be enhanced by exposing cows to bulls for 30 d before implementation of this synchronization AI protocol.
Impacts
Pregnancy rates after to an estrus synchronization and mass AI breeding protocol using CIDR's are generally low if first-calf suckled cows have not resumed ovarian cycling activity. Exposing first-calf suckled beef cows to bulls for one month before an estrus synchronization protocol involving the use of a CIDR can increase mass AI breeding performance, but exposing cows to bulls during or after for 8 d after mass AI does not have a positive affect on AI breeding performance. Thus, a management strategy that involves exposing cows before, during, and for a short time after implementing an estrus synchronization and mass AI protocol that uses a CIDR can improve breeding performance and increase reproductive performance of first-calf suckled beef cows.
Publications
- Berardinelli, J.G. and D. Burgess. 2003. Sheep oviductal secretory glycoprotein and mRNA expression in prepubertal ewe lambs, and mature ewes after natural or progestin-synchronized estrus. J. Anim. Sci.(Suppl. 1), 81:142.
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Progress 01/01/02 to 12/31/02
Outputs
Expression of sheep oviductal secretory glycoprotein (sOSP) and mRNA in the ampulla (AMP) and isthmus (IST) were evaluated in prepubertal ewe lambs (PP; n = 5), mature ewes that exhibited natural estrus (MNE; n = 4), and mature ewes synchronized with progestin (MSE; n = 5). Salpingectomies were preformed aseptically 24 h after estrus for MNE and MSE ewes, and 18 h after feed and water removal for PP ewes. Utero-tubal, isthmic-ampullary, and ampullary-infundibular junctions of each oviduct were ligated to prevent fluid transfer among segments. Sections (4 mm) of mid-ampulla and mid-isthmus of one oviduct were frozen immediately in OCT for immunocytochemical analyses. Mucosa of the AMP and IST of the other oviduct was scraped with sterile mRNAase-free slides. Scrapings were placed into 1 mL of TRIzolr reagent and flash frozen in liquid N2 for mRNA expression analysis. Sections (5 Ym) of AMP and IST were treated with a primary rabbit antibody specific for sOSP, followed
by a FITC donkey anti-rabbit second antibody, and visualized by fluorescence microscopy. Real-time RT-PCR, using forward and reverse primers for sOSP, was used to determine the presence of sOSP mRNA in each segment. Immunofluorescent staining showed that sOSP was present at the mucosa-lumen interface of the AMP and IST in 100% of PP, MNE, and MSE ewes. Relative fluorescent density (RFD; 0 = black; 3 = intense green) of AMP and IST sections did not differ (P < 0.05) among PP, MNE, or MSE ewes. RFD was greater (P < 0.05) in the AMP than in the IST. Sheep OSP mRNA was present in the AMP of every ewe (100%). There was no indication of mRNA expression for sOSP in the IST of any ewe (0%). We conclude that sOSP is present in the muscosa of the AMP and IST; however, sOSP mRNA is expressed only in cells of the AMP. Presence of sOSP in the AMP and IST, and mRNA for sOSP in the AMP was not affected by progestin synchronization or sexual development in sheep.
Impacts
Fertility at progestin-synchronized estrus in sheep is lower than that after natural estrus. Many factors may be involved with this reduction. OSP may be involved in fertilization rates, sperm delivery to the ovum, alterations embryonic growth and early development. This study indicates that progestin synchronization of ewes does not diminish the molecular message or the presence of sOSP in the ampulla and may not be a limiting factor in reduced fertility rates in progestin synchronized ewes. Presence of sOSP and mRNA for sOSP in the ampulla of prepubertal ewes need further investigation
Publications
- Stellflug, J.N., and J.G. Berardinelli. 2002. Ram mating behavior is influenced by long-term selection for number of lambs born. J. Anim. Sci. 80:2588-2593.
- Jacobs, A.S. 2002. Oviductal characteristics, protein concentrations, and messenger ribonucleic acid expression in prepubertal ewe lambs, and mature ewes after natural or progestin-synchronized estrus. M.S. Thesis, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT.
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Progress 01/01/01 to 12/31/01
Outputs
Objectives in this experiment were to determine if divergent (high vs low index) selection of a female reproductive trait (lambs born divided by age of ewe minus one) in Rambouillet ewes affects mating behavior patterns of male offspring during training to service an artificial vagina (AV) in a less than natural setting or during extensive serving capacity tests in simulated natural mating conditions. For Trial 1, five, 30-min libido tests were conducted at 22 mo of age to assess mating behavior on 29 rams being trained to service an AV. In Trial 1, percentages of rams mounting and ejaculating were higher (P < 0.05) for high line than for low line rams. In Trial 2, ram testing consisted of exposing each 22- to 24-mo-old rams (n = 48) to three unrestrained estrual ewes for 18, 30-min tests. In Trial 2, there was no difference (P > 0.2) in percentages of rams mounting and ejaculating between the high line and the low line rams. There was no difference (P > 0.33) between
high and low ewe selection line rams for mounts or ejaculations for 18 serving capacity tests. In Trial 2, six serving capacity tests were necessary to obtain 95% reliability in libido scores. Results of these studies indicate that long-term selection of ewes for litter size did not significantly alter ram sexual performance after serving capacity tests in simulated natural mating conditions or affect incidence of male-oriented rams. Mating behavior observed at time of training to service an AV was decreased in the low compared to the high ewe selection line rams. The objectives of this experiment were to determine if gross morphological characteristics and protein concentrations of the ampulla (AMP) and isthmus (IST) differed among pubertal ewe lambs or mature ewes after natural or progestin-synchronized estrus. Prepubertal ewe lambs (PP; n=5), mature ewes that exhibited natural estrus (MNE; n=4), and mature ewes synchronized with progestin-impregnated sponges (MSE; n=5) were
observed for estrus with the aid of mature rams. Salpingectomies were preformed aseptically via mid-ventral laparotomy under halothane anesthesia 24 h following estrus for MNE and MSE ewes, and 18 h following feed and water removal for PP ewe lambs. Protein content (ug), or concentrations, expressed as either ug/g or ug/cm for the AMP and IST did not differ (P > 0.10) among the groups. However, weights, lengths, and weight to length ratios of the AMP and IST were greater (P < 0.09) in MNE and MSE ewes than in PP ewe lambs. Progestin synchronization of mature ewes does not appear to affect gross oviductal characteristics or protein secretion. Although oviducts of PP ewe lambs are shorter and weigh less than mature ewes, they contain equivalent quantities of proteins. The physiological role of the protein in PP ewes is not known.
Impacts
Selection for reproductive rate in ewes did not alter mating behavior of male offspring. Testing conditions such as restrained and unrestrained ewes and number of libido tests can affect the evaluation of ram libido. Progestin synchronization of mature ewes does not affect gross oviductal characteristics or protein secretion. Although oviducts of PP ewe lambs are shorter and weigh less than mature ewes, they contain equivalent quantities of proteins.
Publications
- Stellflug, J.N. and Berardinelli, J.G. 2002. Ram mating behavior is influenced by long-term selection for number of lambs born. J. Amin. Sci. (Accepted for publication).
- Stellflug, J.N., Berardinelli, J.G. and Burfening, P.J. 2001. Ram mating behavior is influenced by long-term selection for number of lambs born. Proc. West. Sec. Amer. Soc. Amin. Sci. 52:433-435.
- Jacobs, A.S., Berardinelli, J.G., Joshi, P.S. and Adair, R. 2001. Oviductal characteristics and protein concentrations in prepubertal ewe lambs, and mature ewes after natural or progestin-synchronized estrus. Proc. West. Sec. Amer. Soc. Amin. Sci. 52:41-44.
- Jacobs, A.S., Berardinelli, J.G., Joshi, P.S. and Adair, R. 2001. Oviductal characteristics and protein concentrations in prepubertal ewe lambs, and mature ewes after natural or progestin-synchronized estrus. J. Amin. Sci. 79(Suppl. 2):122 (Abstr. 46).
- Stellflug, J.N., Berardinelli, J.G. and Burfening, P.J.. 2001. Ram mating behavior is influenced by long-term selection for number of lambs born. J. Amin. Sci. 79(Suppl. 2):135(Abstr. 101).
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Progress 01/01/00 to 12/31/00
Outputs
Two experiments were performed. In Experiment 1, we tested the hypothesis that temporal patterns of LH and testosterone (T) concentrations do not differ between rams from Rambouillet ewes selected for high (HL) or low (LL) reproductive rate, and among rams from HL or LL Rambouillet ewes with or without sexual experience before or after naloxone treatment. Sexually inexperienced rams (7 mo of age) from the HL (n = 7) and LL (n = 10), and sexually experienced rams (18 mo of age) from the HL (n = 4) and LL (n = 4) were evaluated. Each ram was be weighed, and an indwelling catheter inserted into one jugular vein. One day later, blood samples were collected from each ram at 15-min intervals beginning one h before injection of naloxone, and at 15-min intervals for 2 h thereafter. Immediately following the 0 h sample, each ram was injected i.m. with naloxone (0.75 mg/ kg BW). Serum samples are currently being assayed for LH and testosterone by RIA. Objectives for Experiment
2 were to determine if oviductal protein secretions during the pubertal transition of ewe lambs and ewes synchronized with progestins provide the necessary molecular support needed for early embryonic growth and development, and to evaluate the concentration and patterns of ampullary and isthmic proteins between prepubertal ewes, mature ewes that exhibit natural estrus, and mature ewes synchronized with progestin-containing sponges. The hypothesis to be tested is that the OSPs concentrations, patterns, or genetic expression does not differ in prepubertal ewes, mature ewes that exhibit natural estrus, and mature ewes synchronized with progestin-containing sponges. Prepubertal (PP; n=5) ewe lambs, mature ewes that exhibit natural estrus (MNE; n=4), and mature ewes synchronized with sponges (MSE; n=5) were observed for estrus with the aid of mature rams. Salpingectomies were preformed aseptically via mid-ventral laparotomy under halothane anesthesia 24 h following estrus for MNE and MSE
ewes, and 18 h following feed and water removal for PP ewe lambs. Immediately before oviduct removal, ligatures were placed at utero-tubal, isthmic-ampullary, and ampullary-infundibular junctions of each oviduct to prevent migration of substances between oviductal areas. Oviducts were removed, trimmed of connective tissue, measured for length, and weighed. Ampullary and isthmic portions of one oviduct were flushed with 3 mL and 1.5 mL, respectively, of Delbecco's PBS (pH = 7.2) and the mucosal layers were scraped. Lumenal protein concentrations and patterns from the flushings are currently being assayed and assessed. . A small piece, 4mm, of each the ampullary and isthmic portions of the other oviduct were removed and frozen in OCT media for histological and immunocytochemical analyses. Mucosal scrapings will be assayed for mRNA message of OSGP using RT-PCR techniques.
Impacts
Certain seminal, histomorphological, and physiological male reproductive characteristics have been altered by selection for a female reproductive trait. Theses changes may be associated with changes in the neuroendocrine-endocrine relationships within hypothalamic-hypophyseal-testicular axis of male offspring indicating that selection for a female reproductive trait can affect the male reproductive endocrine system. Changes in oviductal protein secretion patterns during puberty or after progestin-synchronized estrus may play a role in reduced fertility associated with reproductive events.
Publications
- Berardinelli J.G., and R Adair. 2000. Oviductal protein and ovarian steroid hormone concentrations during the pubertal transition in ewes. . Biol. Repro. 62(Suppl. 1):206 (Abstr. No. 95).
- Ford, J.J., J.G. Berardinelli, R.K. Christenson, L.L. Anderson. 2000. Luteinizing hormone secretion as affected by hypophyseal stalk transection and estradiol-17 in ovariectomized gilts. Anim. Reprod. Sci. 63:255-274.
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Progress 01/01/99 to 12/31/99
Outputs
The objective of this study was to determine if feeding a diet high in degradable intake protein during a synchronized estrous cycle alters P4 or BUN, or pregnancy rates in crossbred beef heifers. Heifers were individually fed either 100 (C or 200% (HP) of the NRC protein recommendation for maintenance during a synchronized estrous cycle and for 5 d after the next estrus. Each heifer was bred by AI. Blood samples were taken daily during the synchronized cycle and on d 0 to 5 and 11 of the next cycle. Ultrasonic examinations of the uterus for the presence of an embryo or fetus were performed at 30, 45, 60 and 125 d after AI. Synchronized estrous cycle lengths or proportions of heifers showing estrus did not differ between (P>.10) HP- and C-fed heifers. BUN concentrations were higher (P<.05) in HP-fed heifers than in C-fed heifers during the synchronized cycle and the first 5 d of the next cycle. BUN concentrations did not differ (P>.10) between HP- and C-fed heifers on
d 11; 5 d after terminating the HP diet. P4 concentrations during the synchronized cycle and first 5 d of the next cycle did not differ (P>.10) between HP- and C-fed heifers. Pregnancy rates at 30 d after AI did not differ (P>.10) between HP- (71%) and C-fed (74%) heifers. However, pregnancy rates at 45 and 60 d after AI were lower (P<.05) for HP-fed heifer (59%) than for C-fed heifers (74%). By 125 d, after exposing heifers to bulls for 30 d, pregnancy rates did not differ (P>.10) between HP- (89%) and C-fed (100%) heifers. The purpose of this study was to evaluate changes in oviductal protein and ovarian steroid hormone concentrations in ewe lambs during the first 5 d of the pubertal estrous cycle (FE), third estrous cycle (TE), or an estrous cycle of mature ewes (ME). At puberty ewe lambs were bi-laterally salpingectomized during their first or third estrous cycle on either d 0 (estrus), 1, 2, 3, or 4. ME ewes were assigned at estrus to day of surgery. Blood samples were taken from
each ewe on each surgery day. Samples were assayed for estradiol (E2) and progesterone (P4). Ampullae (AMP) and isthmi (IST) of each oviduct were weighed and flushed twice with 3 and 1.5 ml PBS, respectively. AMP and IST flushing were assayed for protein using BCA assay kits. AMP and IST weights were heavier (P<.01) in ME ewes than in FE and TE ewe lambs. AMP protein concentration patterns differed (P=.06) among FE, TE and ME ewes during the first 5 d of the estrous cycle, due to high concentrations on d 0 for FE and TE ewes compared to that in ME ewes and by high concentrations in FE ewes on d 3 and 4. IST protein concentrations did not differ (P>.10) among groups. P4 concentrations did not differ (P>.10) among FE, TE, and ME ewes, and increased (P<.01) between d 1 and 4. E2 concentrations did not differ (P>.10) among FE, TE, and ME ewes; however, they were higher (P<.01) on d 0 and 3 than on d 1, 2, or 4. There was an interaction (P=.07) between day of cycle and reproductive status
for P4 to E2 ratios among FE, TE, and ME ewes. This ratio increased between d 2 and 3 and decreased between d 3 and 4 in TE and ME ewes, whereas, there was no change between d 1 and 3 in FE ewes.
Impacts
Feeding beef heifers a diet that is high in degradable intake protein before the breeding season can reduce pregnancy rates by causing embryonic or fetal loss between 30 and 60 days after conception. Developmental changes in ovarian steroid and oviductal protein secretion patterns occur during the first five days of the pubertal estrous cycle in ewe lambs. These changes may play a role in reduced fertility associated with breeding at puberty.
Publications
- Berardinelli J.G., Burfening P.J., and Adair R. 1999. Pregnancy rates, progesterone and blood urea nitrogen concentrations in beef heifers fed excess degradable intake protein before breeding. Biol. Repro. 60(Suppl. 1): 188 (Abstr. No. 306).
- Berardinelli, J. G., P. J. Burfening, and R. Adair. 1999. Effect of excess degradable intake protein on early embryonic development, ovarian steroids, and blood urea nitrogen on days 3 and 5 of the estrous cycle in mature ewes. J. Anim. Sci. 77(Suppl. 1): 102 (Abstr. No. 30).
- Bailey, J.D., R.P. Ansotegui, J.A. Paterson, J. G. Berardinelli, and A.D. Johnson. 1999. Effects of supplemental trace mineral form on trace mineral status and performance in beef heifers. J. Anim. Sci. 77(Suppl. 1): 110 (Abstr. No. 62).
- Berardinelli, J. G., P. J. Burfening, and R. Adair. 1999. Effect of excess degradable intake protein on early embryonic development, ovarian steroids, and blood urea nitrogen on days 3 and 5 of the estrous cycle in mature ewes. Proc. West. Sec. Amer. Soc. Anim. Sci. 50:203-209.
- Bailey, J.D., R.P. Ansotegui, J.A. Paterson, J. G. Berardinelli, and A.D. Johnson. 1999. Effects of supplemental trace mineral form on trace mineral status and performance in beef heifers. Proc. West. Sec. Amer. Soc. Anim. Sci. 50:20-23.
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Progress 01/01/98 to 12/31/98
Outputs
Ewes were individually fed either 100 (C) or 200% (HP) of the NRC protein recommendation for maintenance during a synchronized estrous cycle until surgery of the next cycle to determine if feeding a diet high in degradable intake protein during a synchronized estrous cycle alters early embryonic development, estradiol (E2), progesterone (P4), or blood urea nitrogen (BUN) concentrations. Ampullae (AMP), isthmi (IST), and uterine horns (UT) of HP and C ewes were removed on either d 3 or 5 after the next estrus and breeding to fertile rams. Blood samples were taken on during the synchronized cycle and from estrus (d0) to d of surgery (d3 or 5) of the next cycle. AMP, IST, and UT flushings were examined for embryos. BUN was higher (P<.05) in HP ewes than in C ewes during the synchronized cycle and the first 5 d of the next cycle, and higher (P<.05) in the ovarian veins of HP ewes than C ewes on d 3 and 5. During the first 5 d of the next cycle E2 tended to be lower
(P=.09) in HP ewes than in C ewes, while P4 increased (P<.05) to higher concentrations by d 5 in HP ewes than in C ewes. Ovulation rates were greater (P<.05) in HP (200%) than in C (127%) ewes. More embryos were found in UT of HP ewes (100%) than in UT of C ewes (67%) on d 5. Fewer (P=.05) embryos were found in the IST of HP ewes (0%) than in the IST of C ewes (33%) on d 5. Embryos of HP fed ewes had more (P<.05) cells than embryos from C ewes on d 5. Feeding ewes excess digestible intake protein during an estrous cycle and the first 5d after breeding accelerated embryo transport and development through oviduct, possibly caused by alterations in the ovarian steroid milieu.
Impacts
(N/A)
Publications
- Weng, J. 1998. Effects of excess digestible intake protein on blood urea nitrogen, ovarian steroids, oviductal proteins, and early embryonic development in ewes. M.S. Thesis, Montana State University.
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Progress 01/01/97 to 12/31/97
Outputs
Ewes were fed either 100 (C) or 200% (HP) of the NRC protein recommendation for maintenance to determine if feeding a diet high in degradable intake protein (DIP) during a synchronized estrous cycle alters blood urea nitrogen (BUN), estradiol-17 (E2), progesterone (P4), or early embryonic development. Estrous cycles were synchronized. Ampullae (AMP), isthmi (I), and uterine horns (UT) of HP and C ewes were removed on either Day 2 or 4 after the next estrus and breeding to fertile rams. Blood samples were collected daily starting on Day 2 of the synchronized cycle until surgery. AMP, I, UT were flushed with Delbecco's PBS and examined for embryos. BUN was higher (P<.05) in HP ewes than in C ewes during the synchronized cycle and first 4 d of the next cycle. P4 did not differ (P>.10) between C and HP ewes during the synchronized cycle. E2 was higher (P<.05) in C ewes than in HP ewes during the periovulatory period. During the first 4 d of the next cycle E2 was lower
(P<.05) in HP ewes than in C ewes and P4 increased (P<.05) to higher levels by Day 4 in HP ewes than in C ewes. Ovulation rates did not differ (P>.10) between treatments. More (P<.05) embryos were found in AMP of HP ewes than in AMP of C ewes on Day 4. Fewer (P=.06) embryos were found in UT of HP ewes than in UT of C ewes on Day 4. Feeding mature ewes excess DIP during a synchronized estrous cycle and first 4 d after breeding delayed embryo transport, possibly caused by changes in the ovarian steroid environment.
Impacts
(N/A)
Publications
- GARROTT, R.A., J.G. COOK, J.G. BERARDINELLI, P.J. WHITE, S. CHERRY, and D.B. VAGNONI. 1997. Urinary allantoin:creatininie ratios as a non-invasive dietary index for elk. Canadian J. Zool. 75:1519-1525.
- WHITE, D. Jr., J.G. BERARDINELLI, and K.E. AUNE. 1997. Reproductive characteristics of male grizzly bears in the continental United States. Int. Conf. Bear Res. and Mange. 10: 52-57.
- VERA-AVILA, H.R., T.D.A. FORBES, J.G. BERARDINELLI, and R.D. RANDEL. 1997. Effect of dietary phenolic amines on testicular function and luteinizing hormone secretion in male Angora goats. J. Anim. Sci.
- DANIELSON, A.D., R.K. NEWMAN, C.W. NEWMAN, and J.G. BERARDINELLI. 1997. Lipid levels and digesta viscosity of rats fed a high-fiber barley milling fraction. Nutrition Research 17;515-522.
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Progress 01/01/96 to 12/30/96
Outputs
In this experiment in vivo and in vitro techniques were used to evaluate the hypothesis that oviductal protein content and concentration, and embryonic development differ among progressively more sexually mature ewes during the estrous cycle. Oviducts were collected from ewe lambs that exhibited first estrus (IE) or third estrus (3E) on days 2, 3, and 4, and from mature ewes (ME) on these same days. Ampullary (AMP) and isthmic IST) section were weighed and flushed separately with Delbecco's PBS. Embryos have been collected and scored. Flushings were filtered through .22u filters and frozen immediately in liquid N2 for assay of ampullary and isthmic protein contents and concentrations. AMP and IST weights were lighter (P<.05) for 1E ewe lambs than ME ewes. AMP and IST weights of 3E ewe lambs were intermediate and different (P<.05) from 1E and ME ewes. AMP and IST protein contents (ug) was varied (P<.05) with day after estrus but there was no interaction of repro-
ductive maturity and day of cycle (P>.10). However, AMP and IST protein content pooled over days were lower (P<.05) for 1E ewe lambs than ME ewes; 3E ewe lambs were intermediate and different (P<.05) from 1E and ME ewes. Differences in protein concentrations (ug/mg oviductal segment) followed the same patterns as content. More (P<.05) were recovered from ME ewes than for 1E and 3E lambs. Embryo scores of those recovered did not (P>.10) differ among 1E, 3E and ME ewes.
Impacts
(N/A)
Publications
- FERNANDEZ, D.L., J.G.BERARDINELLI, R.E. SHORT, and R. ADAIR. 1996. Acute and chronic changes in LH secretion, and postpartum interval to estrus in first-calfsuckled beef cows exposed continuously or intermittently to mature bulls. J.Anim.
- Sc SHORT, R.E., R.A.BELLOWS, R.B.STAIGMILLER, E.E. GRINGS, AND J.G.BERARDINELLI. 1996. Management of cows with high reproductive rates. Beef Improv. Fed. 27th Res. Symp. 1-12.
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Progress 01/01/95 to 12/30/95
Outputs
We have previously reported that progesterone concentrations differ among Rambouillet ewes from lines selected for either high (HL) or low (LL) reproductive and Rambouillet ewes from a random-bred control line (CL). To determine if this difference is related to factors associated with corpus luteum function ewes from each line had jugular venous blood samples collected once daily (am) beginning at estrus (Day 0) until Day 9 for assay of progesterone. On Day 9,ovarian venous blood samples were obtained from ovaries bearing corpora lutea and the ovaries were removed. Each corpus luteum was excised from ovaries, weighed, and frozen immediately in liquid N2 for assay of IGF-1 and LH/hCG receptors. Systemic concentrations of progesterone (P4) tended to be higher (P = .07) but ovarian venous P4 concentrations did not differ (P > .10)between these lines. IGF-1 and hCG binding to luteal tissue was not affected (P > .10) by selection line on d 9 of the estrous cycle.
Impacts
(N/A)
Publications
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Progress 01/01/94 to 12/30/94
Outputs
We have previously reported that progesterone concentrations differ among Rambouillet ewes from lines selected for either high (HL) or low (LL) reproductive and Rambouillet ewes from a random-bred control line (CL). To determine if this difference is related to factors associated with corpus luteum function ewes from each line had jugular venous blood samples collected once daily (am) beginning at estrus (Day 0) until Day 9 for assay of progesterone. On Day 9, ovarian venous blood samples were obtained from ovaries bearing corpora lutea and the ovaries were removed. Each corpus luteum was excised from ovaries, weighed, and frozen immediately in liquid N2 for assay of 1GF-1 and LH/hCF receptors. Assays for systemic and ovarian concentratins of progesterone, and 1GF-1 and LH/hCG receptors have been completed. Data are currently being analyzed.
Impacts
(N/A)
Publications
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Progress 01/01/93 to 12/30/93
Outputs
On day 30 postpartum first-calf suckled beef cows were either exposed continously to bulls, exposed to bulls every third day for 2 weeks or not exposed to bulls. Blood samples were collected intensively from cows immediately upon introduction of bulls and at 3-d intervals for 18 d for LH assay. Resumption of estrous cycles occurred earlier in cows intermittantly and continously exposed bulls. Mean LH concentrations and pulse frequency were higher for cows exposed to bulls on the day 1 of exposure than in unexposed cows. Mean LH and LH pulses did not differ among treatement after progesterone (P4) and IGF-1 patterns were evaluated in Rambouillet ewes from lines selected for low or high reproductive rate. ECL's did not differ detween lines but the rise in P4 during the first 8 d of the cycle was slower for low line ewes than for high line ewes. IGF-1 concentrations increased by day 4. IGF-1 remained at baseline throughout the remainder of the cycle. IGF-1 patterns did
not differ between lines.
Impacts
(N/A)
Publications
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Progress 01/01/92 to 12/30/92
Outputs
On Day 30 postpartum first-calf suckled beef cows were either exposed continuously to bulls, exposed to bulls every third day for 2 weeks or not exposed to bulls. Jugular blood samples were collected intensively from cows immediately upon introduction of bulls for LH assay. Resumption of estrous occurred earlier in cows exposed to bulls. LH samples are being analyzed. PGF2alpha (25 mg) was given to beef heifers on either Days 7, 11 or 15 of the estrous cycle to determine if synchronized estrous cycle length and luteal dunction are altered by day when PGF2alpha is given. Estrous cycles length appeared to be shorter for heifers given PGF2alpha on Day 7. However, examination of the progesterone and PGFM patterns after injection indicated that the reason for this was that luteal function was generally not impaired by the PGF2alpha injection when given on Day 7. If luteal function was attenuated by PGF2alpha then synchronized cycles were normal in length.
Impacts
(N/A)
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Progress 01/01/91 to 12/30/91
Outputs
Oviductal protein content was assessed in prepuberal ewe lambs (PP), ewe lambs that exhibited their first (1E) or third (3E) estrus and mature ewes (ME) at estrus. Protein content was higher in PP ewes than in 1E or 3E ewes but did not differ between PP ewes and ME ewes. Ram lambs from lines selected for low or high reproductive rate and ram lambs from a randomly-bred control line were challenged with GnRH twice in the fall (6 mo. of age) and twice in the spring (12 mo.of age). Selection did not affect patterns of LH or testosterone after GnRH challenge,however, mean LH or testosterone after GnRH challenge, however, mean LH after GnRH was higher in the fall than in the spring. Length of estrous cycle was evaluated in mature ewes from lines selected for low or high reproductive rate and ewes from a random-bred control line. Estrous cycle length for high line ewes was 1.3 days longer than that of low line ewes. Postpartum first-calf suckled beef cows were either exposed
to bulls continuously, exposed to bulls for the first 30 days postpartum, exposed to bulls after 30 days postpartum or not exposed to bulls to evaluate whether there is a temporal relationship between length of bull exposure and time exposed to bulls on postpartum interval to estrous. Exposing cows to bulls decreased interval to estrus by 16 days compared to isolated cows regardless of whether or now cows were exposed continuously, for 30 days or after 30 days postpartum.
Impacts
(N/A)
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Progress 01/01/90 to 12/30/90
Outputs
Histomorphic and molecular characteristics of testicles were evaluated in Rambouillet rams from lines in which females were selected for high (HL) and low (LL) reproductive rate and im rams from a random-bred control line (CL). Leydig cell volume was higher in HL rams than in the other lines, whereas vascular volume was higher in LL ram than in HL rams. Volume of semeniferous tubules did not differ among lines. Receptor capacity for oLH was higher than that for hcG but affinity of these binding sites was lower for oLH than hCG. Receptor affinity for these gonadotropins was higher in HL and LL rams than in CL rams and there were more sites for oLH and hCG in HL rams than rams of the other lines. Sperm transport through the anterior reproductive tract of ewe lambs that had exhibited first or third estrous and of mature multiparous ewes was examined at 2 to 22 h after artificial insemination to determine if this factor may be involved in lower pregnancy rates in young
females. Data are currently being analyzed.
Impacts
(N/A)
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Progress 01/01/89 to 12/30/89
Outputs
Histological characteristics of oviducts and uteri were evaluated stereologically in prepuberal ewe lambs, ewe lambs that exhibited first or third estrus, and mature ewes. OVX ewes from these classes used to determine if oviductal and uterine histological traits differed in response to estrogen treatment. Visual inspection and preliminary stereological analyses indicated differences in histological characteristics in the oviduct and uterus during the puberal transition in ewe lambs. Statistical analyses are currently being performed. An in vitro procedure for evaluating testicular testosterone (T) secretion was validated and used to determine if sensitivity of testicular tissue differed among Rambouillet rams from a control (C) line and lines selected for high (H) and low (L) prolificacy. Preliminary analyses showed that total T secretion and T secretion rate was highest in H line rams, intermediate in C line rams and lowest in L line rams.
Impacts
(N/A)
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Progress 01/01/88 to 12/30/88
Outputs
Postpartum interval to estrus and patterns of LH concentrations were evaluated in first-calf suckled beef heifers exposed (BE) or not exposed (NE) to mature bulls after parturition. Male to female ratio was maintained at 13:1. Blood samples for assay of LH were collected from 8 heifers in each treatment at 15-min intervals for 6 h at weekly intervals after calving until a heifer showed estrus. Blood samples were collected from all heifers at weekly intervals for assay of P4. Heifers were observed twice daily for estrus. A greater (P<.05) percentage of BE heifers showed estrus by 90 d postpartum than NE heifers. Interval to estrus was 15 d shorter (P<.05) for BE heifers. Changes in mean and baseline LH, amplitude, frequency and duration of LH pulses were not altered (P>.10) by bull exposure. Gross morphological characteristics of oviductal segments and uteri were examined in prepuberal ewe lambs (PP) and ewe lambs that exhibited first (FE) or third (TE) estrus.
Reproductive tracts were surgically removed prepuberally of 24 - 26 h after estrus in FE and TE ewes. Uterine body and horn diameters (dia) increased linearly in PP to TE ewes. Isthmic dia did not differ among ewes but ampullar dia progressively in PP to TE ewes. Uterine weight (wt) increased progressively in PP to TE ewes but oviductal wt did not differ among ewes. Histological and hormonal characteristics of these ewe are being evaluated.
Impacts
(N/A)
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Progress 01/01/87 to 12/30/87
Outputs
Testosterone (T) and estradiol-17B (E) were injected into adult orchiectomized (ORX) Rambouillet rams from lines selected for high, low and control prolificacy. T and E injections decreased (P<.05) LH concentrations within 8h in all rams. E had a more rapid (P<.05) and sustained (P<.05) inhibiting affect on LH than T. There was no difference (P>.05) in the pattern of response of LH to T or E among rams from selection lines. Patterns of FSH after injection of increasing dosages of bovine follicular fluid are being evaluated for rams from the three selection lines. Concentration patterns of LH before and after E injection were evaluated in adult ovariectomized cows and at 14 mo. of age for intact bulls and bulls ORX at birth, 1, 2, 4, 8 and 12 mo. of age. Profiles of LH in males and adult OVX females before and after E injection indicated that post-natal presence of testes in male bovine may be required for sexual differentiation of LH secretion. Proportions of heifers
exhibiting estrus, postpartum interval to estrus and concentration patterns of LH were examined in first-calf heifers exposed to mature bulls beginning 3d postcalving. Male to female ratio was 1 to 13. A greater (P<.05) proportion of heifers exposed to bulls exhibited estrous by 84d post-calving compared to those isolated from bulls and postpartum interval to estrus was reduced (P<.05) by 17d in heifers exposed to bulls. Patterns of LH between treatments are being evaluated.
Impacts
(N/A)
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Progress 01/01/86 to 12/30/86
Outputs
No data have been collected on this new project.
Impacts
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