Progress 07/01/09 to 06/30/14
Outputs
Target Audience: Strawberry growers, Strawberry plant propagators, Plant breeders, Strawberry researchers. Changes/Problems:
Nothing Reported
What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided?
Nothing Reported
How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest? Progress in developing improved strawberry cultivars was communicated at a strawberry field day on June 12, 2014 at WSU Puyallup attended by growers, propagators and plant breeders. Progress was also communicated through written reports to the Washington Strawberry Commission. What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals?
Nothing Reported
Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals?
Forty-five strawberry selections were made among the 3,100 short-day strawberry seedlings planted in 2013. One cross between two large fruited cultivars had 12 selections among the 68 seedlings. The selections in this cross appeared to be very large and firm with good flavor. These selections will be planted in single plots in 2015. In the planting established in 2013, ’Charm’ had the greatest yield, with large fruit. WSU 3006 had good yield, but fruit quality was not acceptable. In the non-replicated plots, WSU 2971 had the greatest yield and among the largest and firmest fruit. In the planting established in 2012, ‘Charm’, ‘Puget Crimson’ and ‘Totem’ had the greatest yield. ORUS 2427-4, ORUS 2742-1, ‘Tillamook’ and ‘Puget Crimson’ had the largest fruit. In general, the harvest season was 3-4 days earlier in 2014 than 2013 with higher yields of softer fruit. 2013. One hundred fifty-seven day-neutral seedlings from 12 families were evaluated in a 2013 spring planting. There were 10 selections, including 4 selections that were higher yielding and more consistently fruiting than ‘Aromas’, the cultivar that has proved most robust and productive in our field trials. There were seven hundred fifty eight seedlings from 15 crosses were planted in a 2014 spring planting. There were 13 preliminary selections that will continue to be monitored over the next year. Some will be discarded for inconsistent repeat flowering and inadequate earliness. Fall 2014, 202 seedlings from 8 families were planted in September 2015. This is the first fall planting of day-neutral seedlings in our program. Crosses were made in the greenhouse in late winter, and sown in the greenhouse in late spring for adequately sized plugs in early September 2014. These seedlings will be evaluated for the first time in late Spring 2015.
Publications
- Type:
Other
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2014
Citation:
Chad E. Finn, Bernadine C. Strik and Patrick P. Moore. 2014. Strawberry Cultivars for Western Oregon and Washington (EC 1618). https://ir.library.oregonstate.edu/xmlui/bitstream/handle/1957/45878/ec1618.pdf.
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Progress 01/01/13 to 09/30/13
Outputs
Target Audience: Strawberry growers, Strawberry plant propagators, Plant breeders, Strawberry researchers. Changes/Problems:
Nothing Reported
What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided?
Nothing Reported
How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest? Progress in developing improved strawberry cultivars was communicated at a strawberry field day on June 12, 2013 at WSU Puyallup attended by growers, propagators and plant breeders. Progress was also communicated through written reports to the Washington Strawberry Commission. What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals? Continue to use strawberry selections and cultivars as parents that are large, firm-fruited, productive with good flavor to develop seedling populations with that combine these traits. Short-day and day-neutral selections will be made from these seedling populations. Seedlings and selections that are in the field will be evaluated.
Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals?
Thirty-four crosses of short-day (June-bearing) strawberries were made in 2013 with emphasis on large, firm-fruited selections as parents. They are being sown in the greenhouse and will be planted in the field in 2014 and evaluated in 2015. Twenty-six short-day strawberry selections were made among the 3,300 strawberry seedlings planted in 2012. ORUS 2427-1, ‘Valley Red’ and ‘Puget Crimson’ were the parents most represented among the selected seedlings. In the 2012 replicated planting, ‘Charm’ (ORUS 2262-2) had the earliest midpoint of harvest and also the greatest yield and large fruit. ‘Herriot’ had large, firm fruit with early season production. ‘Valley Sunset’ had large fruit with a late season. Ten WSU selections in non-replicated plots showed some promise and will be planted in a new planting in 2014. Fifteen crosses of day-neutrals were performed in 2013. They are being sown in the greenhouse and will be evaluated on raised bed plasticulture beginning in the spring of 2014. A smaller than expected seedling planting was established in 2013. Selections from this planting will be made in 2014. Twenty-three day-neutral WSU selections were evaluated for fruiting pattern over the production season with cultivars ‘Aromas’ and ‘Albion’ present as commercial comparisons. Six of those selections had a relatively stable fruiting pattern combined with other favorable traits like adequate size, flavor, and firmness. This highlights the challenge of identifying consistent fruiting pattern in the selection process. Replicated selections and cultivars in both the 2012 and 2013 strawberry plantings were evaluated for incidence of powdery mildew in September 2013. The plants in the 2012 planting had undergone renovation in the post-harvest season while the plants in the 2013 planting were in the establishment phase. Plants were rated on a plot mean basis for incidence of powdery mildew mycelia present on the lower side of fully expanded leaves. Most of the material was moderately or very susceptible to powdery mildew.
Publications
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2013
Citation:
Hoashi-Erhardt, W., Moore, P., Collins, D., Bary , A. and Cogger, C. 2013. Evaluation of Day-Neutral Cultivars for Organic Strawberry production in Washington. Acta Hort. (ISHS) 1001:167-174
- Type:
Journal Articles
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2013
Citation:
Finn, C.E., P.P. Moore, B.C. Strik, B.M. Yorgey and R.R. Martin. 2013. Charm Strawberry. HortScience 48:1184-1188.
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Progress 01/01/12 to 12/31/12
Outputs
OUTPUTS: Seventy-three strawberry crosses were made in 2012 with emphasis on large, firm-fruited selections as parents. Seedlings from these crosses will be planted in 2013 and selections made in 2014. Approximately 2,800 seedlings from the 2011 crosses were planted in the field at Washington State University (WSU)-Puyallup in 2012. Twenty-two strawberry selections (0.7%) were made among the 3,200 strawberry seedlings planted in 2011. WSU 2886, Puget Crimson and WSU 2803 were the parents most represented among the selected seedlings. WSU 2833 was released as Puget Crimson in 2010. US plant patent 22,781 was granted June 12, 2012. Puget Crimson performed very well in replicated plantings at WSU-Puyallup, with high yields of large fruit with excellent flavor in both the 2010 and 2011 plantings. Puget Crimson was planted in border rows of the 2009 planting and had large fruit in the third fruiting season even though the planting received minimal care. In the yield planting established in 2010, there was standing water across most of one replication for a while during winter, stunting plants. These effects were still evident in 2012 even though drainage was improved. Puget Crimson and WSU 2929 were notable in having much better vigor than other cultivars/selections. In the replicated planting, Puget Crimson had the highest yield in 2012 and the highest two year total yield. WSU 2929 had the highest yield in 2011, 2012 and two year total in the non-replicated plots. Similar stunting was observed in the 2011 yield planting even though no standing water was observed. Efforts will be made to try to determine the cause of this problem. Charm and Puget Crimson had the highest yields in the replicated planting and Puget Crimson had the largest average fruit size. There were several selections that performed very well in non-replicated plots. One of these selections had very high yields with very large, firm, and late-season fruit. The yield of this selection was over twice the yield of Puget Crimson with over 10% larger average fruit weight. However, this selection had high levels of fruit rot, which may be weather related. The four highest yielding non-replicated selections had the four latest midpoints of harvest (after June 29) and the highest fruit rot (28.0-31.1%). PARTICIPANTS: Patrick Moore, Washington State University
Thomas Walters, Washington State University
Wendy Hoashi-Erhardt, Washington State University
Chad Finn, USDA-ARS
Chaim Kempler, Agriculture AgriFood Canada TARGET AUDIENCES: Strawberry growers, strawberry plant propagators, plant breeders, raspberry researchers PROJECT MODIFICATIONS: Nothing significant to report during this reporting period.
Impacts
This project is working toward developing new strawberry cultivars that are adapted to the Pacific Northwest. The new cultivars will be more productive or more insect and disease resistant with improved harvesting efficiency, while maintaining the distinctive Pacific Northwest strawberry flavor. New high yielding, high quality, pest resistant strawberry cultivars will enhance the competitive ability of commercial growers in the Pacific Northwest. The new cultivars will benefit commercial growers, home gardeners, fruit processors and consumers. Fruit studies will provide information that will be used to identify clones with superior fruit characteristics. In 2011-2012, cultivars developed by the WSU small fruit breeding program represented 22% of commercial strawberry plant sales in Washington, Oregon and British Columbia. An additional 41% of the plant sales had a WSU cultivar or selection as a parent.
Publications
- Moore P.P. 2012. Puget Crimson Strawberry. Patent 22781.
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Progress 01/01/11 to 12/31/11
Outputs
OUTPUTS: In 2011, 42 strawberry crosses were made. Approximately 3,200 seedlings from the 2010 crosses were planted in the field at Washington State University (WSU) Puyallup. Thirty-four strawberry selections were made among the 3,900 strawberry seedlings planted in 2010. A planting with eight non-replicated WSU selections, three replicated WSU selections, three ORUS selections and six cultivars were established at WSU Puyallup in 2011. In the planting established in 2010, there were no significant differences for yield, primarily because there was standing water across most of one replication for a while during winter, stunting plants and increasing variability. Plants from two sources of Puget Crimson (A and B) were included in the planting. Puget Reliance, Puget Crimson, Hood and an Oregon selection had yields over 10 tons per acre. Puget Crimson B had the largest average fruit weight. A WSU selection had the earliest midpoint of harvest, high yields and large, firm fruit. The planting established in 2009 was harvested for the second time in 2011. Puget Crimson had high yield the second harvest season, almost 30% higher than the next highest yielding strawberry. Puget Crimson also had the highest two-year cumulative yield, the second largest fruit weight in 2011 and the latest midpoint of harvest in each year. In 2010, Valley Red had a very early midpoint of harvest. In 2011, it was among the earliest, but one day after Hood. PARTICIPANTS: Patrick Moore, Washington State University; Thomas Walters, Washington State University; Wendy Hoashi-Erhardt, Washington State University; Chad Finn, USDA-ARS; Chaim Kempler, Agriculture AgriFood Canada TARGET AUDIENCES: Strawberry growers, strawberry plant propagators, plant breeders, strawberry researchers PROJECT MODIFICATIONS: Nothing significant to report during this reporting period.
Impacts
This project will work toward developing new strawberry cultivars that are adapted to the Pacific Northwest. The new cultivars will be more productive or more insect and disease resistant with improved harvesting efficiency, while maintaining the distinctive Pacific Northwest strawberry flavor. New high yielding, high quality, pest resistant strawberry cultivars will enhance the competitive ability of commercial growers in the Pacific Northwest. The new cultivars will benefit commercial growers, home gardeners, fruit processors and consumers. Fruit studies will provide information that will be used to identify clones with superior fruit characteristics.
Publications
- Moore, P.P., W.K.Hoashi-Erhardt, C.E.Finn, and C.Kempler. 2011. Puget Crimson Strawberry. HortScience : A Publication of the American Society for Horticultural Science. 46:1698-1700.
- Kempler, C., H.Daubeny, B.Harding, L.Frey, T.Baumann, C.E.Finn, S.Khanizadeh, A.Jamieson, K.MacKenzie, P.P.Moore, and M.Sweeney. 2011. Stolo strawberry. HortScience : A Publication of the American Society for Horticultural Science. 46:1046-1048.
- Finn, C.E., C.Kempler, P.P.Moore, B.C.Strik, B.Yorgey, R.R.Martin, and G.J.Galletta. 2011. Sweet Bliss Strawberry. HortScience : A Publication of the American Society for Horticultural Science. 46:1701-1705.
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Progress 01/01/10 to 12/31/10
Outputs
OUTPUTS: In 2010, 66 crosses were made with an emphasis on using large, firm-fruited selections as parents. Approximately 3,900 seedlings were planted in 2010 and selections will be made in 2011. Thirty-two selections were made among the approximately 5,100 seedlings from crosses made in 2008. Fourteen of the 32 selections had WSU 2833 as a parent. A planting with 24 non-replicated Washington State University (WSU) selections, 6 replicated WSU selections and 10 cultivars was established at WSU Puyallup. The planting established in 2008 was harvested for the second year. ORUS 2983-2 continued to have high yields of good sized fruit. WSU 2833 had good yields of large, late season fruit. Three WSU selections were harvested that had good yields with midpoints of harvest earlier than Hood. The 2009 planting was harvested for the first time in 2010. ORUS 2262-2 had the highest yield with good fruit size and firmness. Although the yield of Valley Red was below the planting average, the cultivar had very early fruit that was large and firm. WSU 2833 had high yield of large, late season fruit. WSU 2833 was planted in a single plot in 2006 and harvested in 2007 and 2008. It was productive, very late season, extremely large fruited with excellent flavor. In subsequent plantings, WSU 2833 was planted in replicated plots. It continued to be productive and very late season with excellent flavor. Fruit size was less than in the 2006 planting, but comparable to the largest fruiting PNW strawberry cultivars. WSU 2833 has consistently had high yields of large, late season fruit with excellent flavor in all of the test plantings at WSU Puyallup. Growers who reported on the performance of WSU 2833 in test plantings generally had a favorable recommendation. Based on its performance and grower response, WSU 2833 was released as Puget Crimson and will be patented. Plants should be available from nurseries in 2011. The cross for Puget Crimson was made in 2003. WSU 2833 appeared promising as an early season cultivar in the 2006 planting. Plants of WSU 2833 were planted in replicated plots at Puyallup in 2010 and will be harvested in 2011.Virus-free plants have been obtained and will be planted in replicated plots at WSU Puyallup in 2011. PARTICIPANTS: Patrick Moore, Washington State University; Thomas Walters, Washington State University; Wendy Hoashi-Erhardt, Washington State University; Chad Finn, USDA-ARS; Chaim Kempler, Agriculture AgriFood Canada TARGET AUDIENCES: Strawberry growers, strawberry plant propagators, plant breeders, strawberry researchers PROJECT MODIFICATIONS: Nothing significant to report during this reporting period.
Impacts
This project will work toward developing new strawberry cultivars that are adapted to the Pacific Northwest. The new cultivars will be more productive or more insect and disease resistant with improved harvesting efficiency, while maintaining the distinctive Pacific Northwest strawberry flavor. New high yielding, high quality, pest resistant strawberry cultivars will enhance the competitive ability of commercial growers in the Pacific Northwest. The new cultivars will benefit commercial growers, home gardeners, fruit processors and consumers. Fruit studies will provide information that will be used to identify clones with superior fruit characteristics.
Publications
- No publications reported this period
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Progress 01/01/09 to 12/31/09
Outputs
OUTPUTS: In 2009, 54 crosses were made with an emphasis on using large, firm-fruited selections as parents. Seedlings from these crosses will be planted in 2010 and selections made in 2011. Approximately 5,200 seedlings were planted in 2009 from crosses made in 2008. Twenty-nine selections were made among the 4,250 seedlings planted in 2008 (0.7 percent). Thirty-six clones were planted in a new planting to evaluate for yield, firmness, and fruit size. In the replicated portion of this planting, there were seven WSU selections, six ORUS selections and six cultivars. In the non-replicated portion, there were 16 WSU selections and one cultivar. The planting established in 2008 was harvested for the first time in 2009. Average fruit weight for all harvested selections was over 10 g, and firmness was good for most. Most selections had yields over 22,000 kg/h. Two Washington State Universtiy (WSU) selections were early with a midpoint of harvest four days before 'Hood'. Fruit size of these two selections was similar: both about 13 g. Another selection was planted in a single plot and was late ripening, large, firm and productive with a yield of almost 38,000 kg/h. Promising selections will be evaluated again in 2010. A promising selection that was planted in grower trials in 2009 was harvested in replicated plots for the first time. The yields were comparable to 'Puget Reliance', the highest yielding cultivar; firmness was similar to Firecracker, the firmest cultivar and fruit weight was similar to Tillamook, the largest fruited cultivar. The midpoint of harvest was the latest of all selections and later than Firecracker, the latest ripening cultivar. In a previous evaluation, the fruit weight for this selection was exceptional. All of the clones in both the 2006 and 2008 plantings had at least a 20 percent reduction in fruit weight. The reason for this reduction is unknown. Virus-free plants of this selection were obtained in late 2008. Plants were multiplied in tissue culture and over 2,500 were distributed to growers for trial in the spring of 2009. An additional 500 plants were distributed to a propagator and planted in the nursery for field multiplication. Hard plants should be available for grower trials in 2010. All growers testing this selection signed testing agreements. PARTICIPANTS: Patrick Moore, Washington State University; Thomas Walters, Washington State University; Wendy Hoashi-Erhardt, Washington State University; Chad Finn, USDA-ARS; Chaim Kempler, Agriculture AgriFood Canada TARGET AUDIENCES: Strawberry growers, strawberry plant propagators, plant breeders, strawberry researchers PROJECT MODIFICATIONS: Nothing significant to report during this reporting period.
Impacts
This project will work toward developing new strawberry cultivars that are adapted to the Pacific Northwest. The new cultivars will be more productive or more insect and disease resistant with improved harvesting efficiency, while maintaining the distinctive Pacific Northwest strawberry flavor. These plants may reduce the amounts of pesticide used. New high yielding, high quality, pest resistant strawberry cultivars will enhance the competitive ability of commercial growers in the Pacific Northwest. The new cultivars will benefit commercial growers, home gardeners, fruit processors and consumers. Fruit studies will provide information that will be used to identify clones with superior fruit characteristics.
Publications
- Finn, C.E., P.P.Moore, C.Kempler, B.Yorgey, B.C.Strik, and R.R.Martin. 2009. 'Valley Red' Strawberry. HortScience : A Publication of the American Society for Horticultural Science. 44(5):1468-1471.
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Progress 01/01/08 to 12/31/08
Outputs
OUTPUTS: In 2008, 86 crosses were made with an emphasis on large, firm fruit. Approximately 3,450 seedlings were planted in 2008 from crosses made in 2007. Forty-nine selections were made among the 5,700 seedlings planted in 2007. WSU 2340, ORUS 2482-1 and Laguna were the most represented as parents of the selections. Sixty-one clones were planted in a new yield planting, including 44 WSU selections. The current practice is to tissue culture propagate selections and plant the rooted selections directly from the greenhouse. There is a concern this propagation method may affect the yield and fruit size. To evaluate this, runners were rooted for thirteen WSU selections and a plot of runner propagated plants was included for each WSU selection in the 2007 planting. In the 2008 harvest season, the yield, fruit weight, fruit firmness and harvest season were compared between the two propagation methods. There were no consistent differences between the tissue culture and runner propagated plants for any trait. The 2006 planting was harvested for the second year. Seven WSU selections had a two-year total yield of over 70,000 kg/h. Six of these selections also had average fruit weight over 12 g. One selection is being propagated for grower trials. It had a two-year total yield over 80,000 kg/h and an average fruit weight over 24 g in the first harvest season and over 18 g in the second season. It also had low fruit rot in both harvest seasons. PARTICIPANTS: Patrick Moore, Washington State University; Thomas Walters, Washington State University; Wendy Hoashi-Erhardt, Washington State University; Chad Finn, USDA-ARS; Chaim Kempler, Agriculture AgriFood Canada TARGET AUDIENCES: Strawberry growers, strawberry plant propagators, plant breeders, strawberry researchers PROJECT MODIFICATIONS: Nothing significant to report during this reporting period.
Impacts
This project will work toward developing new strawberry cultivars that are adapted to the Pacific Northwest. The new cultivars will be more productive or more insect and disease resistant with improved harvesting efficiency, while maintaining the distinctive Pacific Northwest strawberry flavor. These plants may reduce the amounts of pesticide used. New high yielding, high quality, pest resistant strawberry cultivars will enhance the competitive ability of commercial growers in the Pacific Northwest. The new cultivars will benefit commercial growers, home gardeners, fruit processors and consumers. Fruit studies will provide information that will be used to identify clones with superior fruit characteristics
Publications
- No publications reported this period
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Progress 01/01/07 to 12/31/07
Outputs
OUTPUTS: In 2007, 77 strawberry crosses were made with an emphasis on large, firm fruit. Approximately 5,700 seedlings were planted in 2007 from crosses made in 2006. Forty-one strawberry selections were made among the 4,850 seedlings planted in 2006. Pinnacle, Tillamook, ORUS 2273-1, BC 96-31-2, ORUS 2180-1 and Puget Reliance were the most represented as parents of the selections. Fifty-nine clones were planted in a new yield planting, including 19 WSU selections. There is a concern about possible effects of tissue culture propagation on yield and fruit size. To evaluate this, runners were rooted from each WSU selection and a plot of runner propagated plants was included for each (Washington State Unversity (WSU) selection. The yield and fruit size will be compared for these selections. Yields and fruit size were exceptional for both plantings harvested in 2007. In the 2006 planting there were ten selections that combined yields over 25,000 kg/h, average fruit weight over 15 g and
fruit firmness over 200g. Promising selections that were in the non-replicated portion of the planting will go through virus elimination and then tested in replicated plots. The 2005 planting was harvested for the second time in 2007. For all strawberries in this planting, the yields were higher in 2007 than in 2006 and fruit weight was similar in both years. Three WSU selections had yields over 45,000 kg/h. Three WSU selections combined yields over 25,000 kg/h, average fruit weight over 15 g and fruit firmness over 200g. Selections that had their fruit held up off of the ground had reduced amounts of pre-harvest fruit rot.
PARTICIPANTS: Patrick Moore, Washington State University Thomas Walters, Washington State University Wendy Hoashi-Erhardt, Washington State University Chad Finn, USDA-ARS Chaim Kempler, Agriculture AgriFood Canada
TARGET AUDIENCES: Strawberry growers, Strawberry plant propagators, Plant breeders, Strawberry researchers
Impacts
This project will work toward developing new strawberry cultivars that are adapted to the Pacific Northwest. The new cultivars will be more productive or more insect and disease resistant with improved harvesting efficiency, while maintaining the distinctive Pacific Northwest strawberry flavor. These plants may reduce the amounts of pesticide used. New high yielding, high quality, pest resistant strawberry cultivars will enhance the competitive ability of commercial growers in the Pacific Northwest. The new cultivars will benefit commercial growers, home gardeners, fruit processors and consumers. Fruit studies will provide information that will be used to identify clones with superior fruit characteristics.
Publications
- No publications reported this period
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Progress 01/01/06 to 12/31/06
Outputs
In 2006, 63 crosses were made with an emphasis on large firm fruit. Approximately 4,850 seedlings were planted in 2006 from crosses made in 2005. Thirty-five selections were made among the 5,300 seedlings planted in 2005. WSU 2464, BC 99-51-2, Tillamook, and ORUS 1083-135 were the most represented as parents of the selections. A new evaluation procedure was initiated where selections that were rated the highest for potential importance went through virus therapy and multiplication and were planted in a replicated planting. Selections that were not rated as high for potential importance did not go through virus therapy and were planted in a single plot. Seventy-eight clones were planted in a new planting. This planting included 6 cultivars, 1 ORUS selection and 13 WSU selections in the replicated portion and 47 WSU selections, 10 ORUS selections and one cultivar in non-replicated plots. The 2005 planting was harvested for the first time in 2006. The performance of this
planting was very good with many productive, large fruited, firm selections. In the replicated portion; WSU 2304, WSU 2634, WSU 2666, WSU 2688, WSU 2641, and WSU 2686 all had yields over 25,000 kg/h, average fruit weight over 12 g, and firmness over 220 g. WSU 2634, WSU 2638, WSU 2688 and WSU 2694 had erect growth with fruit held up off of the ground. This should make the fruit easier to see and pick, improving picking efficiency. Having the fruit off the ground as it ripens could reduce the amount of fruit rot. All four of these selections had below average amounts of fruit rot and three of them were among the 5 clones with the lowest fruit rot. The average fruit rot for these four selections was 22% and the average for the planting was 39%. This planting will be evaluated again in 2007.
Impacts
This project will work toward developing new strawberry cultivars that are adapted to the Pacific Northwest. The new cultivars will be more productive or more insect and disease resistant with improved harvesting efficiency, while maintaining the distinctive Pacific Northwest strawberry flavor. These plants may reduce the amounts of pesticide used. New high yielding, high quality, pest resistant strawberry cultivars will enhance the competitive ability of commercial growers in the Pacific Northwest. The new cultivars will benefit commercial growers, home gardeners, fruit processors and consumers. Fruit studies will provide information that will be used to identify clones with superior fruit characteristics.
Publications
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Progress 01/01/05 to 12/31/05
Outputs
In 2005, 75 strawberry crosses were made with an emphasis on large, firm fruit. Approximately 6,300 seedlings were planted in 2005 from crosses made in 2004. Forty-five selections were made among the 6,500 seedlings planted in 2004. Parker, WSU 2430, WSU 2311 and WSU 2551 were the most represented as parents of the selections. Seventy clones were planted at Puyallup in a new planting including 45 WSU selections that had been heat-treated and meristemmed, seven cultivars and 18 BC selections. There was significant root weevil damage in both the 2003 and 2004 replicated plantings. There also was very severe common leafspot, which also greatly affected vigor. The 2003 replicated planting at Puyallup was harvested for the second time in 2005. WSU 2522, Tillamook, BC 96-31 and WSU 2503 had the highest two year yields. The 2004 replicated planting at Puyallup was harvested for the first time in 2004. This planting was affected by root weevils and common leafspot more than
the 2004 planting and there were no significant differences among clones for yield or fruit weight. BC 96-33-4 had the highest yield and WSU 2615, WSU 2625 and WSU 2629 had above average yield fruit weight and firmness. The 18 strawberry clones planted in a replicated planting at WSU Mt. Vernon in 2004 was harvested for the first time in 2005. The three clones with the highest yield were WSU 2464, WSU 2368 and WSU 2363. All three selections also had fruit weight that averaged almost 15 g.
Impacts
This project will work toward developing new strawberry cultivars that are adapted to the Pacific Northwest. The new cultivars will be more productive or more insect and disease resistant with improved harvesting efficiency, while maintaining the distinctive Pacific Northwest strawberry flavor. These plants may reduce the amounts of pesticide used. New high yielding, high quality, pest resistant strawberry cultivars will enhance the competitive ability of commercial growers in the Pacific Northwest. The new cultivars will benefit commercial growers, home gardeners, fruit processors and consumers. Fruit studies will provide information that will be used to identify clones with superior fruit characteristics.
Publications
- No publications reported this period
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Progress 01/01/04 to 12/31/04
Outputs
In 2004, 75 strawberry crosses were made. Approximately 6,500 seedlings were planted in 2004 from crosses made in 2003. Eighty-four selections were made among the 9,700 seedlings planted in 2003. ORUS 1745-2, ORUS 91010-47, WSU 2464, WSU 2363 and WSU 2454 were the most represented as parents of the selections. Fifty-four clones were planted at Puyallup in a new planting including 29 WSU selections that had been heat-treated and meristemmed. A replicated planting of 20 clones was planted at WSU Mt. Vernon. The 2002 replicated planting was harvested for the second time in 2004. BC 96-33-4 had the highest yield, but was soft. WSU 2363 had good fruit yield, but was small. The 2003 replicated planting at Puyallup was harvested for the first time in 2004. WSU 2522 was the highest yielding, with good fruit size and firmness. WSU 2522 was high yielding with very large fruit in a non-replicated plot at the North Willamette Research and Extension Center, Aurora, OR. WSU 2520
also is promising with very large fruit, good firmness, good color and is a very late season selection. Other selections that continue to show promise are WSU 2368 and WSU 2464.
Impacts
This project will work toward developing new strawberry cultivars that are adapted to the Pacific Northwest. The new cultivars will be more productive or more insect and disease resistant with improved harvesting efficiency, while maintaining the distinctive Pacific Northwest strawberry flavor. These plants may reduce the amounts of pesticide used. New high yielding, high quality, pest resistant strawberry cultivars will enhance the competitive ability of commercial growers in the Pacific Northwest. The new cultivars will benefit commercial growers, home gardeners, fruit processors and consumers. Fruit studies will provide information that will be used to identify clones with superior fruit characteristics.
Publications
- Finn, Chad E., Brian Yorgey, Bernadine C. Strik, Patrick P. Moore. 2004. 'Tillamook' and 'Pinnacle' Strawberry HortScience 39:1487-1489.
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Progress 01/01/03 to 12/31/03
Outputs
In 2003, 78 crosses were made. Approximately 9,900 seedlings were planted in 2003 from crosses made in 2002. Sixty selections were made among the 8,600 seedlings planted in 2002. ORUS 1083-135, Tillamook, WSU 2450 and WSU 2325 were the most represented as parents of the selections. Fifty-four clones were planted in a new planting including 33 WSU selections that had been heat-treated and meristemmed and for 9 BC and 12 ORUS selections. The 2001 replicated planting was harvested for the second time in 2003. Tillamook had the highest yield in 2003 and also the largest fruit and was firm. Puget Reliance had the second highest yield in 2003. WSU 2467 had the highest yield in 2002 and the highest two-year total yield, with good size in 2003. However, in the 2002 planting that was harvested for the first time in 2003, WSU 2467 was very vigorous and produced many small fruit and was not harvested. WSU 2311 had very high yields in 2002, and good yields in 2003. It had a
mid-point of harvest similar to Puget Summer. The 2002 replicated planting was harvested for the first time in 2003. In general, fruit size was low in this planting with Puget Reliance averaging only 14.1 g and Totem only 12.6 g. WSU 2550, WSU 2388 and WSU 2363 all had high yields, but relatively small fruit. A study of genotype x environment interactions in Fragaria chiloensis was established in 2002 and data collected at Puyallup, WA and Corvallis, OR in 2003.
Impacts
This project will work toward developing new strawberry cultivars that are adapted to the Pacific Northwest. The new cultivars will be more productive or more insect and disease resistant, while maintaining the distinctive Pacific Northwest strawberry flavor. These plants may reduce the amounts of pesticide used. New high ielding, high quality, pest resistant strawberry cultivars will enhance the competitive ability of commercial growers in the Pacific Northwest. The new cultivars will benefit commercial growers, home gardeners, fruit processors and consumers. Fruit studies will provide information that will be used to identify clones with superior fruit characteristics.
Publications
- No publications reported this period
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Progress 01/01/02 to 12/31/02
Outputs
One hundred twenty four crosses were made in 2002. Approximately 8,700 seedlings were planted from crosses made in 2001.Forty- four selections were made among the 8,000 seedlings planted in 2001. Twenty-six of the 44 selections had WSU 2340 as one parent. WSU 2341 and WSU 2253 each were parents of 10 selections. Seventy-three clones were planted in a new yield planting, including 23 WSU selections planted in three replications that had been heat-treated and meristemmed and single plots for 42 BC and ORUS selections. The 2000 replicated planting was harvested for the second time in 2002. The performance of this planting was unusual. The second year yields were over 20% greater than the first year yields for the same plots and second year fruit weights were over 9% greater than the first year yields for the same plots. Ten clones had yields over 7.3 kg/plot (20 t/a) in 2002. Unfortunately, many of the selections with high yield had fruit quality problems, but most of
these were used as parents in crosses in 2002. The most promising selection in the 2000 planting is WSU 2464, producing good yields of large, firm, excellent colored fruit with good flavor, but some fruit was rough. The 2001 replicated planting was harvested for the first time in 2002. WSU 2467 had the highest yield, with large fruit that had an acceptable firmness. WSU 2430 and WSU 2311 also had high yields of very late season fruit.
Impacts
This project will work toward developing new strawberry cultivars that are adapted to the Pacific Northwest. The new cultivars will be more productive or more insect and disease resistant, while maintaining the distinctive Pacific Northwest strawberry flavor. These plants may reduce the amounts of pesticide used. New high yielding, high quality, pest resistant strawberry cultivars will enhance the competitive ability of commercial growers in the Pacific Northwest. The new cultivars will benefit commercial growers, home gardeners, fruit processors and consumers. Fruit studies will provide information that will be used to identify clones with superior fruit characteristics.
Publications
- Moore, Patrick P. 2002. Update on Small Fruit Cultivars and Selections. 4th Annual Small Fruit Grower's Workshop. pg 35-37.
- Moore, Patrick P. 2002 Varieties and Selections for Washington Berry Crops. Proc. West. Wash. Hort. Assoc. pg 31-34.
- Moore, Patrick P. and Chad E. Finn. 2002. Schwartze (Puget Summer) Strawberry. HortScience 367:230-232
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Progress 01/01/01 to 12/31/01
Outputs
One hundred seven crosses were made for cultivar development in 2001. Over 8,000 seedlings were planted from 2000 crosses. Twenty-four selections made among the 6,000 seedlings planted in 2000. Twenty-two of these selections were for cultivar development and two selections for breeding purposes. Fifty-five clones were planted in a replicated planting (15 WSU selections). Seven of the 36 clones in the 1999 replicated planting at WSU Puyallup were harvested for the second time. WSU 2450 and WSU 2487 appeared promising in 2000, but were discarded based on fruit quality in 2001. WSU 2454 had moderate yields, but was firm and maintained its fruit size in the second fruiting season. Thirty-two of the 101 clones in the 2000 replicated planting were harvested for first time. WSU 2426 had a yield of 17 kg/plot (23.3 t/a) and 19 clones had over 11 kg/plot (15 t/a). Six clones (WSU 2375, WSU 2396, WSU 2399, WSU 2426, WSU 2446 and WSU 2464) had yields over 11 kg/plot (15 t/a),
12.5 g fruit, and over 175 g fruit firmness. WSU 2340 was somewhat soft, but produced fruit very early in the season. WSU 2454 continued to have moderate yields of large, firm fruit.
Impacts
This project will work toward developing new strawberry cultivars that are adapted to the Pacific Northwest. The new cultivars will be more productive or more insect and disease resistant, while maintaining the distinctive Pacific Northwest strawberry flavor. These plants may reduce the amounts of pesticide used. New high yielding, high quality, pest resistant strawberry cultivars will enhance the competitive ability of commercial growers in the Pacific Northwest. The new cultivars will benefit commercial growers, home gardeners, fruit processors and consumers. Fruit studies will provide information that will be used to identify clones with superior fruit characteristics.
Publications
- Moore, Patrick P. 2001. Firmness and Drained Weight of Nineteen Strawberry Clones. HortScience 36:116-117.
- Moore, Patrick P. 2001. Propagation of WSU Strawberry and Raspberry Selections for Testing. Northwest Center for Small Fruits Research. 2000 Proceedings. page 6
- Moore, Patrick P., Chaim Kempler and Chad Finn. 2001. Update on New Strawberry and Raspberry Cultivars and Selections. West. Wash. Hort. Soc. 91: 77-80.
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Progress 01/01/00 to 12/31/00
Outputs
Ninety-two crosses were made in 2000 using Pacific Northwest selections and cultivars. Seeds from these crosses were shared with the breeding programs in Oregon and B.C. About 6,000 seedlings were planted at WSU Puyallup in 2000. Thirty-one selections were made among the 4,500 seedlings planted in 1999. Twenty-four of these selections were for cultivar development and seven selections were made among spider mite resistant seedlings. Nineteen selections made in 1999 that were BC1 from Fragaria chiloensis were evaluated for aphid and mite resistance. Fifteen clones supported fewer adult aphids than Totem, 12 fewer aphid nymphs than Totem and 7 clones had fewer mites than Totem. Four clones supported fewer adult aphids, aphid nymphs, and mites than Totem. . Inspection of the seasonal trends indicates possible differences in population dynamics of mites among the 19 selections. Ninety-six clones were planted in a replicated planting (40 WSU clones). Puget Reliance, WSU
2368, and WSU 2363 had the greatest two-year total yield in a replicated planting at Puyallup. WSU 2368 also had the largest fruit. WSU 2368, WSU 2363, WSU 2340 and WSU 2253 are the most promising selections in this planting. The highest yielding clones in the 1999 planting were WSU 2487, WSU 2450 and WSU 2328. WSU 2450 had the largest fruit and midpoint of harvest one day before Hood and Sumas. WSU 2253 had highest two-year total yield followed by Puget Summer and Puget Reliance in a replicated planting at Mt. Vernon.
Impacts
This project will work toward developing new strawberry cultivars that are adapted to the Pacific Northwest. The new cultivars will be more productive or more insect and disease resistant, while maintaining the distinctive Pacific Northwest strawberry flavor. These plants may reduce the amounts of pesticide used. New high yielding, high quality, pest resistant strawberry cultivars will enhance the competitive ability of commercial growers in the Pacific Northwest. The new cultivars will benefit commercial growers, home gardeners, fruit processors and consumers. Fruit studies will provide information that will be used to identify clones with superior fruit characteristics. Schwartze (Puget Summer) was released as a new cultivar in 1999.
Publications
- Patrick P. Moore. 2000. New Strawberry Cultivars for the PNW. Proceedings Lower Mainland Horticultural Improvement Association. Vol. 42: 69-71.
- Patrick P. Moore. 2000. Virus elimination for testing of WSU Strawberry Selections. 1999 Proceedings Northwest Center for Small Fruit Research. pg. 11.
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Progress 01/01/99 to 12/31/99
Outputs
Eighty-one crosses were made in 1999 using only Pacific Northwest selections and cultivars. Seeds from these crosses were shared with the breeding programs in Oregon and B.C. About 4,500 seedlings were planted at WSU Puyallup in 1999. Fifty selections were made among the 4,400 seedlings planted in 1998. Nineteen of these selections were BC1 from Fragaria chiloensis and will be evaluated for possible aphid and mite resistance. Thirty-six clones were planted in a new replicated planting. Sixty-four clones in the 1998 replicated planting were harvested for the first time in 1999. Seven clones (WSU 2308, WSU 2345, WSU 2358, WSU 2361, WSU 2368, WSU 2388 and WSU 2391) had yields, average fruit weight and fruit firmness that were numerically greater than or equal to Totem (the most widely planted strawberry in the Pacific Northwest). Some of these selections have unacceptable fruit characteristics, but others show considerable promise and will be propagated for grower
trials. WSU 2340, which is smaller and softer than Totem, had high yields and had a midpoint of harvest five days before Hood and Sumas and will be propagated for grower trials.
Impacts
(N/A)
Publications
- Medina, J.L., P.P. Moore, C.H. Shanks, Jr., F.F. Gil and C.K. Chandler. 1999. Genotype x Environment Interaction for Resistance to Spider Mites in Fragaria. J. Amer. Soc. Hort. Sci. 124:353-357.
- Moore, P.P. 1999. Virus Elimination for Testing of WSU Strawberry Selections. Proc. Northwest Center for Small Fruits Research. 1998 Proceedings pg. 13.
- Moore, P.P. 1999. Variety Research in Small Fruit. Proc. Western Washington Horticulture Association 93-96.
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Progress 01/01/98 to 12/31/98
Outputs
Fifty-one crosses were made in 1998 using only Pacific Northwest selections and cultivars. Seeds from these crosses were shared with the breeding programs in Oregon and B.C. About 4,500 seedlings were planted at WSU Puyallup in 1998. Sixty-eight selections were made among the 5,700 seedlings planted in 1997. Fifty-one WSU selections were planted in a new replicated planting at Puyallup with all of the selections being tissue cultured and treated with ribavirin. WSU 2308, WSU 2325, WSU 2253 and WSU 2310 had the greatest 2-yr total yields in a replicated planting established in 1996. Plants of WSU 2211, WSU 2253 and WSU 2310 were distributed to commercial growers for testing. Based on its harvest season and yield, WSU 2310 has been recommended for release as a new cultivar, primarily as a fresh market cultivar. It will be named Schwartze and is being trademarked Puget Summer. Schwartze ripens very late, with a midpoint of harvest 5 days after Independence. Fruit samples
were collected from each harvest for selected clones and drip-loss determined. Drip-loss was correlated with firmness with r = -0.44, n=165, p<0.001, however, firmness did not adequately predict drip-loss. There was considerable variation in drip-loss from harvest-to-harvest, which was associated with weather conditions or precipitation/irrigation.
Impacts
(N/A)
Publications
- Moore, P. P. 1998. Virus elimination for testing of WSU strawberry selections. 1997 Proc. Northwest Center for Small Fruit Research p. 10.
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Progress 01/01/97 to 12/31/97
Outputs
Thirty-five crosses were made in 1997 using only Pacific Northwest selections and cultivars. Seeds from these crosses were shared with the breeding progams in Oregon and B.C. About 4700 seedlings were planted at WSU Puyallup in 1997. Forty-six selections were made among the 9700 seedlings planted in 1996. Fifteen selections were planted in a new replicated planting at Puyallup with all of the selections being tissue cultured and treated with ribavirin. WSU 2308 and WSU 2310 had the greatest first year yields in replicated plantings. WSU 2310 produces fruit that ripens very late, one week after Redcrest. Both selections are being propagated for grower trials. Fruit samples were collected from each harvest for selected clones, sliced, sugared, and frozen and drip loss calculated. These data were compared to firmness measurements taken from the same plots for the same harvest. Firmness was weakly correlated with drip loss, r = -0.27, n = 158.
Impacts
(N/A)
Publications
- Hummel, R.L. and P.P. Moore. 1997. Freeze resistance of Pacific Northwest strawberry flowers. J. Amer. Soc. Hort. Sci. 122:179-182.
- Moore, P.P. 1997. New berry cultivars for the Pacific Northwest. Proc. 1997 West. Wash. Hort. Assoc. p. 133-135.
- Moore, P.P. 1997. New berry cultivars for the Pacific Northwest. Oregon Hort. Soc. Proc. 88:173-175.
- Moore, P.P. and D.D. Trople. 1997. Virus elimination for testing of WSU strawberry selections. 1996 Proc. Northwest Center for Small Fruit Research. p. 10.
- Moore, P.P. and D.D. Trople. 1997. Strawberry cultivar identification by PCR. 1996 Proc. Northwest Center for Small Fruit Research. p. 11.
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Progress 01/01/96 to 12/30/96
Outputs
Seventy-five crosses were made in 1996, with increased emphasis on fruit firmness. Seeds from 36 crosses were shared with the breeding programs in Oregon and B.C. Over 8700 seedlings were planted at WSU Puyallup in 1996. Thirty-five selections were made among the 3600 seedlings planted in 1995. Five selections were made among hybrids with F. chiloensis from Chile and the other 30 selections were selected for cultivar development. Twenty-two of the 30 selections had 'Puget Reliance' or WSU 2169 (both WSU 1945 x BC 77-2-72) as one parent. Twenty-one WSU selections were planted in a new replicated planting at Puyallup with 17 of these selections made in 1995. Seven clones were planted in a new replicated planting at Mt. Vernon. WSU 2211 and WSU 2253 are the most promising selections. WSU 2211 had high yields of very large fruit. However, it is very dark and somewhat soft and would be best suited for juice or puree. WSU 2253 is early fruiting with large very firm fruit.
Plants of both selections should be available for limited grower trials in 1997.
Impacts
(N/A)
Publications
- Moore, P.P. 1996. Progress in strawberry and raspberry breeding at WSU. Lower Mainland Hort. Improv. Assoc. Proc. 38:39-41.
- Moore, P.P. 1996. Progress in strawberry and raspberry breeding at WSU. Oregon Hort. Sco. Proc. 87:121-122.
- Moore, P.P. 1996. Evaluation of small fruit germplasm. 1995 Proc. Northwest Center for Small Fruit Research. p. 15.
- Moore, P.P. and R.L. Wample. 1996. Evaluation of small fruit germplasm in the Pacific Northwest interior. 1995 Proc. Northwest Center for Small Fruit Research. p. 16.
- Hummel, R.L., P.P. Moore, and P.R. Bristow. 1996. Cold hardiness of red raspberry and strawberry crops in the PNW as influenced by cultural, genetic and pathological factors. 1995 Proc. NW Ctr. for Small Fruit Res. p. 31.
- Moore, P.P. and C.H. Shanks, Jr. 1996. Use of Fragaria chiloensis in breeding for spider mite resistance. IV North American Strawberry Conf. 244-247.
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Progress 01/01/95 to 12/30/95
Outputs
Eighty crosses were made in 1995, with increased emphasis on fruit firmness. Over 3600 seedlings were planted in 1995 with an additional 1400 seedlings with aphid or mite resistant parents were shared with WSU Vancouver. Thirty-nine selections were made in 1995, 7 selections had 'Pink Panda' as a parent and will be used as parents or possible ornamentals, 2 selections were made for breeding purposes, and the remaining 30 selections will be evaluated as possible cultivars. The 1993 planting was harvested for the second time in 1995. 'Puget Reliance' continued to be the highest yielding clones with WSU2211 and ORUS 1077-47 next highest yielding. WSU2211 had the largest average fruit weight in both 1994 and 1995. However, the fruit is soft and very dark. It may have a niche for juice or puree use. WSU2253 had lower yields, but was very early with very firm fruit. Eight clones in a planting established in 1992 at Mt. Vernon were harvested for the third time in 1995.
Virus-free planting stock of 'Puget Reliance' had the highest three year yield. Virus infected stock of 'Puget Reliance' was second highest yielding and BC86-22-33 and BC86-30-56 were next, all three did not differ significantly from virus-free planting stock of 'Puget Reliance'. Strawberry Plant 'Puget Reliance' US Plant Patent Number 9,310. Date of Patent Oct. 3, 1995.
Impacts
(N/A)
Publications
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Progress 01/01/94 to 12/30/94
Outputs
WSU 1988 was released as Puget Reliance. Puget Reliance is productive, large fruited, and extremely virus tolerant. Ninety crosses were made in 1994, 16 crosses were directed toward spider mite, aphid, or weevil resistance including crosses with F. chiloensis from Chile identified as being mite resistant. Thirteen crosses were made with Chilean F. chiloensis identified as having many flowers per truss. Over 3,200 seedlings from the 1993 crosses were planted at Puyallup. Twenty one selections were made among the 2,163 seedlings planted in 1993. Puget Reliance, WSU 2187, BC 77-2-72, Oso Grande, and 137A84 were the best parents. The highest yielding clone in the yield trial at Puyallup was Puget Reliance, 34% higher than the next highest yielding clone (Benton). Other promising selections are WSU 2211 and WSU 2253. WSU 2211 is very large with fruit from the first harvest averaging 40 g and 20 g over the entire season. WSU 2211 is very dark and soft with potential for
juice or puree use. WSU 2253 was very early and firm and has potential for fresh market use. Sixteen crosses between F. chiloensis and cultivars were evaluated for spider mite resistance in the field. There were 94 seedlings (24%) that had less than 25% of the number of mites as Totem.
Impacts
(N/A)
Publications
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Progress 01/01/93 to 12/30/93
Outputs
Forty-six crosses were made in 1993, 15 crosses were directed toward spider mite, aphid, or weevil resistance. Over 3,200 seedlings from the 1992 crosses were planted at Puyallup. Ten selections were made among the 3,250 seedlings planted at Puyallup in 1992. Redcrest and ORUS 965-46 were the best parents. WSU 1988 continues to be the most promising selection. In plantings established at Puyallup from 1989 to 1992 with virus infected plants, WSU 1988 outperformed Totem by 39% in their first harvest seasons and by 31% in their second seasons. It outyielded Sumas by 31% in their first seasons and by 30% in their second seasons. It is large fruited, productive and extremely virus tolerant. In tests at Puyallup and Mt Vernon there was no decrease in yield or fruit size with virus infection. WSU 1988 is under consideration for release. Additional selections appear promising and are being evaluated further. Color of strawberry fruit of 11 clones was measured with a Minolta
tristimulus colorimeter on the fruit surface and two positions on a longitudinal slice, the fruit frozen and then anthocyanin concentration determined. The colorimeter measurements were able to predict the anthocyanin concentration with an R2 over 0.70. Additional colorimeter readings were made in 1993 and fruit frozen for future analyses.
Impacts
(N/A)
Publications
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Progress 01/01/92 to 12/30/92
Outputs
Sixty crosses were made in 1992, 22 crosses used spider mite, aphid or weevil resistant F. chiloensis clones, three used aphid, mite or weevil resistant F. chiloensis hybrids and the remainder used June-bearing parents. Approximately 2,000 seedlings were planted at Puyallup. Forty-one clones were planted in replicated plots at WSU-Puyallup with an additional 18 clones in non-replicated plots. Twenty-seven clones were planted in replicated plots at WSU-Mt. Vernon. There were 21 selections made from the 3,500 seedlings planted in 1991 at Puyallup. Redcrest, Chandler, and a selection from the cross of F. chiloensis YSP-15 x Selva were the parents most highly represented among the selections. WSU 1988 continued to be the most promising selection with a 43% greater yield and 32% greater fruit weight than the leading cultivar, Totem. Color measurements of fruit of 11 clones were made using a Minolta tristimulus colorimeter. Color was measured on the surface of the fruit
and two locations on longitudinal slices. Anthocyanin levels will be measured in these same samples. Regression analysis will be used to relate the colorimeter values with the anthocyanin concentration. A five member diallel, planted in 1991, was evaluated for vigor and foliar diseases in fall 1992. The five parents were selected based on divergent maternal ancestries.
Impacts
(N/A)
Publications
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Progress 01/01/91 to 12/30/91
Outputs
Forty-four crosses were made in 1991, 7 crosses used Fragaria chiloensis hybrids, 10 used day-neutral parents and 27 used June-bearing parents. Emphasis of June-bearing crosses was on early maturity and cold hardiness. Over 3,500 seedlings were planted at Puyallup, and over 350 seedlings were planted at Vancouver. Twenty-three selections and cultivars were planted in replicated selection trials with an additional 11 selections and cultivars in non-replicated plots. There were 12 selections made from the seedlings planted in 1990 at Puyallup. The parents most highly represented among the selections were WSU 1993, Redcrest and 107A81 (from Ontario, Canada). Seedlings at Vancouver were evaluated for aphid resistance. WSU 1988 and WSU 2187 continued to be the most promising selections with two year yields 37 and 34% greater than the highest yielding cultivar 'Sumas'. A five member diallel was planted in 1991, with the intent to detect possible maternal effects. The five
parents were selected based on divergent maternal ancestries.
Impacts
(N/A)
Publications
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Progress 01/01/90 to 12/30/90
Outputs
Sixty-nine crosses were made in 1990, 6 crosses used F. chiloensis and F. chiloensis hybrids, 9 used day-neutral parents and 54 used June-bearing parents. Twenty of the crosses were a 5 member diallel designed to investigate maternal or reciprocal effects. Over 4,400 seedlings were planted at Puyallup, and over 1,100 seedlings were planted at Vancouver from 1989 crosses. Forty-seven selections and cultivars were planted in replicated selection trials with an additional 30 selections and cultivars in non-replicated plots. There were 23 selections made from the seedlings planted in 1989 at Puyallup. At Vancouver, selections were made among the 1,935 seedlings planted in 1989. The seedlings were hybrids with F. chiloensis or crosses with selected hybrids. Twenty seedlings were selected based on aphid resistance on two evaluation dates and horticultural characteristics. The rate of water loss and changes in firmness during cold storage were measured on 18 strawberry
cultivars. This data will be used to evaluate fresh market qualities of strawberries and to develop criteria for use in screening of selections in the breeding program.
Impacts
(N/A)
Publications
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Progress 01/01/89 to 12/30/89
Outputs
One hundred crosses were made in 1989. Sixteen crosses used Fragaria chiloensis or hybrids with F. chiloensis. Seventeen crosses used day-neutral cultivars. The remaining 67 crosses were among June-bearing selections and cultivars. Approximately 4,100 seedling were planted at Puyallup, WA. Runner plants were obtained for approximately 4,000 seedlings and are being maintained in a screenhouse in Puyallup. Forty seven selections and cultivars were planted in a June-bearing selection trial and 17 selections and cultivars were planted in a separate day-neutral selection trial. An additional 1,935 seedlings from 24 crosses with F.. chiloensis or hybrids were planted at WSU Vancouver. Seedlings of 12 of these crosses were inoculated with a virus complex prior to planting. Half of each 3 m plot in a strawberry planting established in 1986 was covered with a floating row cover on January 31, 1989 prior to a severe (-13C) freeze. The row covers were removed after 3 weeks.
The row covers protected the plants and increased yield by 28% over unprotected plants. The 2 highest and the 2 lowest yielding Olympus meristem clones from a previous study were compared with commercially propagated planting material. There were no differences in yield, fruit size, or firmness among clones. The differences observed in the original study were most likely a consequence of the tissue culture process and not expressed after additional runner propagation.
Impacts
(N/A)
Publications
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Progress 01/01/88 to 12/30/88
Outputs
One hundred seven crosses were made in 1988. Crosses were of three categories: June-bearing cultivar development (62%), day-neutral cultivar development (16%), and crosses with Fragaria chiloensis or hybrids to improve disease and insect resistance (22%). A total of 766 seedlings were planted on tarp-fumigated ground at Puyallup, WA. When possible, a runner plant of each seedling was maintained in a screenhouse for future propagation. Additional runner plants from theese seedlings were also planted at the North Willamette Eeperiment Station in Aurora, Oregon, for evaluation. The selections made at Puyallup in 1989 will be compared to the selections made independently from the same population at Aurora, and the magnitude of the environmental impact on the selection process assessed. Thirteen selections were made at Vancouver, WA, from crosses between F. chiloensis and cultivars and will be used as aphid and disease resistant parents. Twenty-three selections were made
at Puyallup, including 11 selections using European selections/cultivars as one parent. In a yield trial established in 1987, four selections had higher first year yields than commercial Pacific Northwest cultivars. These selections will be closely evaluated in 1989 for cultivar potential.
Impacts
(N/A)
Publications
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Progress 01/01/87 to 12/30/87
Outputs
Thirty three crosses were made in 1987. Thirty-one of the crosses were between parents with high aphid resistance and parents with high fruit quality, 16 used one aphid resistant selection, WSU 1993, to improve attributes of WSU 1993, and 2 crosses used day neutral parents. A total of 2,872 seedlings from crosses made in 1985 and 1986 were planted on tarp-fumigated soil at Puyallup. The crosses were primarily between commercial varieties and advanced selections or weevil resistant clones. An additional 1070 seedlings were sent to the North Wilamette Experiment Station in Auroro, Oregon for evaluation. Eight new June bearing and 14 new day-neutral selections were made at Puyallup in 1987. An additional 25 June-bearing selections were made at Auroro, Oregon. Both micropropagated and runner propagated plants of Totem and an Agriculture Canada selection, BC 76-7-20, were grown with matted row and hill cultural systems. There was a differential response of genotypes to
propagation method and cultural system. Both micropropagated and runner propagated plants of Totem grown as matted rows had approximately twice the yield of plants on the hill system. Runner propagated plants of BC 76-7-20 grown as matted rows had approximately three times the yield of plants on the hill system. However, micropropagated plants of BC 76-7-20 grown as hills had twice the yield of plants grown as matted rows.
Impacts
(N/A)
Publications
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Progress 01/01/86 to 12/30/86
Outputs
Thirty new June-bearing and 24 new day-neutral strawberry selections were made at Puyallup. An additional 6 new June-bearing selections were made at Aurora, OR. Thirty strawberry seedlings, selected in 1985 on the basis of fruit quality from crosses between aphid-resistant parents & commercial cultivars, were evaluated for aphid resistance in 1986. Most third-backcross generation selections from the aphid-resistant Fragaria chiloensis 'Del Norte' were not aphid resistant. WSU 1993, a first-backcross selection from 'Del Norte' had good fruit quality combined with high aphid resistance and plant vigor. Approximately 1800 seedlings from 22 crosses were planted at Puyallup. An additional 1450 seedlings from 27 crosses were planted at Aurora, OR. Approximately 2000 seedlings from 23 crosses between F. chiloensis clones and commercial cultivars were planted at Vancouver, WA. Approximately 800 of these latter seedlings were preselected for Phytophthora fragariae
resistance at Corvallis, OR. One hundred-two new crosses were completed. Seventy of these crosses were among commercial cultivars and advanced selections. Twenty-two of the remaining crosses including weevil-resistant parents derived from F. chiloensis clones. Seven additional crosses were made between pest-resistant F. chiloensis clones and commercial cultivars, and 3 crosses included a high soluble solids selection derived from F. chiloensis.
Impacts
(N/A)
Publications
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Progress 01/01/84 to 12/30/84
Outputs
Approximately 8500 strawberry seedlings from 190 crosses were planted in a totalof 5 plantings at Puyallup and Vancouver, Washington. Most of the seedlings are from crosses among the best June-bearing commercial cultivars and advanced selection. A planting of 2260 seedlings at Vancouver is from crosses between aphid-resistant selections and commerical cultivars or advanced selections. The aphid-resistant selections are derived from Fragaria chiloensis 'Del Norte'. WSU 1697, a Linn X Totem selection, was evaluated for the second year in grower trials in 4 Oregon and 2 Washington locations. WSU 1697 produced good yields of large, firm, attractive fruit in all locations, and appeared to tolerate wet soils better than the standard cultivars Totem and Olympus. However, grower acceptance was poor, primarily due to the inferior color and flavor of the fruit. In a replicated trial at Puyallup, WSU 1697 was superior in yield and frui size to 10 other standard cultivars
and advanced selections. The only other selection showing outstnading merit at Puyallup was BC 69-5-34, a Cheam X Tioga selection from the Agriculture Canada Research Station in Vancouver, B.C. Five-month-old strawberry seedlings were inoculated with a complex of aphid-transmitted viruses. Growth in the greenhouse was significantly affected within 6 months after inoculation, and vegetative vigor ws significantly reduced by the end of the first growing season in the field.
Impacts
(N/A)
Publications
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