Progress 06/01/10 to 05/31/15
Outputs
OUTPUTS: This project has four main objectives, and the first three objectives were addressed during this reporting period. These are 1) Soil selection for urban landscape, 2) Salinity and sodicity effects on water infiltration, and 3) Pattern of salt accumulation in riparians and adjacent farmlands. PARTICIPANTS: Parks and Recreating Department, The City of El Paso, U.S. Bureau of Reclamation, El Paso Field Office TARGET AUDIENCES: Urban Planners, Landscaping Designers and Contractors, Tree Growers, Water Managers, Governmental Agencies PROJECT MODIFICATIONS: Project closed due to PI retirement.
Impacts
Water of impaired quality is beginning to be used for maintaining urban green space which includes golf courses, parks, green belt and some tree crops in the arid Southwest. The goal is to conserve high quality water for drinking water supply and for domestic use by maintaining urban landscape with poor quality water. This strategy, however, caused landscape quality degradation mainly because of salt damage to landscape plants. Research results from this project are expected to help improve quality of green spaces, mainly through improved planning and management. Results from Objective 1, for example, indicate that alluvial soils (Entisols) are highly susceptible to soil salinization, whereas sandy upland soils can be irrigated with highly saline water without causing soil salinization.
Publications
- Miyamoto, S. 2012. Development of Soil Suitability Guidelines for Irrigation with Water of Elevated Salinity. Final reports submitted to the Bureau of Reclamation, U.S. Department of the Interior. Miyamoto, S. 2012. Salinization of Irrigated Urban Soils: A Case Study of El Paso, Texas. Texas Water Resources Institute, Texas A&M University. Technical Report No. 434.
- Miyamoto, S. 2012. Water Infiltration and permeability of selected urban soils as affected by salinity and sodicity. Texas Water Resources Institute, Texas A&M University. Technical Report No. 432.
- Miyamoto, S. 2012. A Reconnaissance Soil Report: Galatzan Addition. A report to Construction Management Division, Engineering Department, The City of El Paso, Texas.
- Miyamoto, S., M. Foster, C. Trostle and E. Glenn. 2012. Salt Tolerance of Oilseed Crops during Establishment. Journal of Arid Land Studies 22(1):147-151.
- Keren, R. and S. Miyamoto. 2012. Reclamation of Saline, Sodic and Boron-Affected Soils. Chapter 21 in Agricultural Salinity Assessment and Management. Editors, Wesley Wallender and Kenneth Tanju, Environmental Water Resources Institute, American Society of Civil Engineers, Reston, Virginia. ASCE Manuals and Reports on Engineering Practice No. 71, 2nd Edition, 655-685.
- Miyamoto, S. 2012. Salinity Management in Irrigated Pecans. In Texas Pecan Handbook. AgriLife Extension Service, 66-69.
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Progress 01/01/11 to 12/31/11
Outputs
OUTPUTS: This project, little over 1 year old, has four main objectives, and the first three objectives were addressed during this reporting period. These are 1) Soil selection for urban landscape, 2) Salinity and sodicity effects on water infiltration, and 3) Pattern of salt accumulation in riparians and adjacent farmlands. Under Objective 1, we began a soil salinity survey at several golf courses, parks, and sports fields. Included is the survey of landscape plant response to soil types and soil salinity. A research report dealing with the first part of the report was completed (publication No. 6), and we have been working on Part II which deals with soil selection and soil type effects on soil salinization. An additional publication was prepared for EPA Guidelines for Water Reuse (publication 7). Under Objective 2, we began water infiltration experiments using a double ring system in a greenhouse, using two Entisols and one Aridisols. The current indication is that sodicity of irrigation water reduces water infiltration rate at SAR of 6, and the problem becomes extensive when exceeding 12 in Entisols, but not in Aridisols. Under Objective 3, we completed survey of salt accumulation in crop beds (publication 2) and in surface irrigated pecan orchards developed in the flood plains (publication 3) and under drip and sprinkler irrigation (which is yet to be documented). In addition, two book chapters dealing with reclamation of salt and boron-affected soils (publication 1) as well as impact of concentrate disposal on irrigation water quality were published (publication 2). PARTICIPANTS: Parks and Recreating Department, The City of El Paso, U.S. Bureau of Reclamation, El Paso Field Office TARGET AUDIENCES: Urban Planners, Landscaping Designers and Contractors, Tree Growers, Water Managers, Governmental Agencies PROJECT MODIFICATIONS: No major modification is required at this time.
Impacts
Water of impaired quality is beginning to be used for maintaining urban green space which includes golf courses, parks, green belt and some tree crops in the arid Southwest. The goal is to conserve high quality water for drinking water supply and for domestic use by maintaining urban landscape with poor quality water. This strategy, however, caused landscape quality degradation mainly because of salt damage to landscape plants. Research results from this project are expected to help improve quality of green spaces, mainly through improved planning and management. Results from Objective 1, for example, indicate that alluvial soils (Entisols) are highly susceptible to soil salinization, whereas sandy upland soils can be irrigated with highly saline water without causing soil salinization.
Publications
- 1. Keren, R. and S. Miyamoto, 2011. "Reclamation of Saline, Sodic and Boron Affected Soils." In Agricultural Salinity Assessment and Management. Wallender and Tanji (Eds). 2nd Edition. 655-685. American Society of Civil Engineers, Reston, Virginia.
- 2. Miyamoto, S. and G. Niu, 2011. Suitability of Concentrate Waters for Irrigation. In Membrane Treatment of Impaired Irrigation Return and Other Flows for Creating New Sources of High-Quality Water. Fahy and Balliew (Eds). Chapter 4. P. 27-30. Amer. Water Work Assoc.
- 3. Miyamoto, S. and M. Nesbitt. 2011. Effectiveness of Soil Salinity Management Practices in Basin-Irrigated Pecan Orchards. Hort Tech: 21 (5): 569-576.
- 4. Miyamoto, S., 2011. Soil and Salinity Management in Irrigated Pecan Orchards. Proceeding of Jimenez Pecan Conference. P. 5-8. September 23-25, 2011.
- 5. Miyamoto, S., 2011. Salt Tolerance of Oilseed Crops during Establishment. In Proc. of the first inter. conf. on Arid Land. P. 124. Tokyo, Japan.
- 6. Miyamoto, S., 2011. Site Suitability Assessment for Irrigating Urban Landscapes with Water of Elevated Salinity in the Southwest. Part I. Water Quality and Plant Salt Tolerance. TWRI TR-416.
- 7. Miyamoto, S., 2011. Site Suitability for Landscape Use of Reclaimed Water in the Southwest. In EPA Guidelines for Water Reuse, 2012. CDM/EPA. Washington, DC.
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Progress 01/01/10 to 12/31/10
Outputs
OUTPUTS: This project, five months old, has four main objectives, and the project activities for this reporting period have addressed Objective 1 (soil selection) and Objective 4 (sustainable green space). Under Objective 1, soil samples were collected from pecan orchards from the Rio Grande Valley, and soil suitability guidlines for sustainable pecan tree growth developed (publication 3). For urban green spaces, mainly turfed areas, soil sampling and testing activities were intiated and will continue. Under Objective 4, soil improvement and management guidelines for sustained growth of pecan trees were reviewed, and were published (Publications 1 and 2). For urban turf areas, a test plot was established at a city park, and the soil improvement system (principally involving subsoiling and sand incorporation) was established. Following the test, a demonstration plot is being established at a city park located on clayey torrifluvents. Selection of tree species which can be sustained with water of elevated salinity was also initiated in a greenhouse. PARTICIPANTS: Parks and Recreation Department, The City of El Paso, U.S. Bureau of Reclamation, El Paso Field Office TARGET AUDIENCES: Urban Planners, Landscaping Designers and Contractors, Tree Growers, Water Managers, Governmental Agencies PROJECT MODIFICATIONS: No major modification is required at this time.
Impacts
The time duration of this project is too short to gauge impacts. However, publications related to pecan trees are distributed to pecan growers through the Extension Service, and should help select soils suitable for growing trees.
Publications
- Miyamoyo, S., (2010). "Updated Guidelines for Soil Selection and Improvements for Irrigated Pecan Production: Alluvial Soils". (TWRI TR 394) Texas AgriLife Research and Extension Center at El Paso and Water Resources Institute, College Station.
- Miyamoto, S., (2010). "Supplement to Diagnosis and Management of Salinity Problems in Irrigated Pecan Production: Salt Leaching". (TWRI TR 287A) Texas AgriLife Research and Extension Center at El Paso and Water Resources Institute, College Station.
- Miyamoto, S., (2010). "Salt Leaching in irrigated pecan orchards of the Southwest". Pecan South, 43 (5), 28-36.
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Progress 01/01/09 to 12/31/09
Outputs
OUTPUTS: This project has four main objectives: i) characterize and formulate salt storage and release from riparian areas, ii) model water and salt transport through semi-arid river systems, iii) develop guidelines for irrigating urban landscape with moderately saline water, and iv) evaluate growth response of selected landscape plants to salinity. During this reporting period, health issues and a severe hailstorm limited research progress. However, progress was made under Objectives 2, 3, and 4. Under Objective 2, we completed a reservoir simulation model, and a research report was prepared (Pub. 1). Under Objective 3, a field testing of a cost-effective method of restoring salt-affected sports fields was initiated along with the development of soil suitability guidelines for developing parks and sports fields. Under Objective 4, the investigation dealing with salinity and specific ion effects on onions was completed, and related manuscripts prepared and accepted for publication. Greenhouse studies for evaluating salt tolerance of pecan rootsocks and riparian vegetation were initiated, but destroyed with the hailstorm. PARTICIPANTS: S. Miyamoto, Project Leader/Principal Investigator, I. Martinez, Agriculture Research Worker II. Support research activities in the greenhouse and in the fields. Part-time student workers for documentation of research results. Partner organizations: El Paso Water Utilities, El Paso City Parks and Recreation Department, Bureau of Reclamation. Collaborators:Pecan Germplasm Committee, USDA Training and Human Resources Development:four undergraduate students. TARGET AUDIENCES: El Paso City Parks and Recreational Department, Clint School District and Ysleta School District, El Paso Apartment Association, El Paso Water Utitlies, Pecos River Commission, Texas Commission on Environmental Quality, Seminars, workshops, and onsite demonstration. PROJECT MODIFICATIONS: Objective 4 now includes some agricultural crops.
Impacts
Research findings related to soil suitability and improvements were transmitted to city parks department, several architects, and contractors through a workshop. For the first time, there is a serious recognition that soil selection and handling must be improved for construction of parks and sports fields in the Border area.
Publications
- Miyamoto, S., F. Yuan and S. Anand, 2009. A simple model for estimating water balance and salinity for reservoir and outflow. Texas Water Resources Institute. TR 432.
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Progress 01/01/08 to 12/31/08
Outputs
OUTPUTS: This project has four main objectives: i) characterize and formulate salt storage and release from riparian areas, ii) model water and salt transport through semi-arid river systems, iii) develop guidelines for irrigating urban landscape with moderately saline water, and iv) evaluate growth response of selected landscape plants to salinity. During this reporting period, all objectives but Objective 1 was addressed. Under Objective 2, we applied isotope information to identify the sources of water entering the Pecos River (Pub. 1). We also completed the final report on hydrology, salinity and salinity control options for the Pecos River (Pub. 3). Under Objective 3, we completed the extensive field work designed to test mechanical means of improving soil permeability and salt leaching (Pub. 4). Under Objective 4, we prepared a technical report on salt tolerance of landscaping plants (Pub. 5). Several reports on onions were also generated (Pub. 6, 7, 8). PARTICIPANTS: S. Miyamoto, Project Leader/Principal Investigator, I. Martinez, Agriculture Research Worker II. Support research activities in the greenhouse and in the fields, Elsa Bonilla, Technical Assistant II. Documentation of research results. Partner organizations: El Paso Water Utilities, El Paso City Parks and Recreation Department, Bureau of Reclamation. Collaborators: Pecan Germplasm Committee, USDA Training and Human Resources Development: four undergraduate students. TARGET AUDIENCES: El Paso City Parks and Recreational Department, Clint School District and Ysleta School District, El Paso Apartment Association, El Paso Water Utilities, Pecos River Commission, Texas Commission on Environmental Quality, Seminars, workshops, and onsite demonstration. PROJECT MODIFICATIONS: Nothing significant to report during this reporting period.
Impacts
Since the research topics addressed are diverse, it is difficult to single out the impact. However, measures to improve permeability and salt leaching are likely to be used to improve city parks. Screening of pecan rootstock selections for Na and Cl tolerance may become highly important to pecan industry.
Publications
- Miyamoto, S., Martinez, I., and G. Niu, 2008. Effects of salinity and specific ions on seedling emergence and growth of onions. Texas AgriLife Research and Extension Center, El Paso, TX and Texas Water Resources Institute, College Station, TX TR-319.
- Miyamoto, S., 2008. Potential impacts of desalination concentrate on salinity of irrigation water: A case study in the El Paso Valley. Texas AgriLife Research and Extension Center, El Paso, TX and Texas Water Resources Institute, College Station, TX TR-314.
- Yuan, F., and S. Miyamoto, 2008. Characteristics of oxygen-18 and deuterium composition in waters from the Pecos River in American Southwest. Chemical Geology 255:220-230.
- Miyamoto, S., Anand, S., and W. Hatler, 2008. Hydrology, salinity, and salinity control possibilities of the middle Pecos River: A reconnaissance report. Texas AgriLife Research and Extension Center, El Paso, TX and Texas Water Resources Institute, College Station, TX TR-315.
- Miyamoto, S., Martinez, I., Luna, F., and D. Tirre, 2008. Improving permeability and salt leaching in irrigated sports fields: Exploratory testing. Texas AgriLife Research and Extension Center, El Paso, TX and Texas Water Resources Institute, College Station, TX TR-310.
- Miyamoto, S., 2008. Salt tolerance of landscape plants common to the Southwest. Texas AgriLife Research and Extension Center, El Paso, TX and Texas Water Resources Institute, College Station, TX TR-316.
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Progress 01/01/07 to 12/31/07
Outputs
OUTPUTS: This project has four main objectives: i) characterize and formulate salt storage and release from riparian areas, ii) model water and salt transport through semi-arid river systems, iii) develop guidelines for irrigating urban landscape with moderately saline water, and iv) evaluate growth response of selected landscape plants to salinity. During this reporting period, all objectives but Objective 1 was addressed. Under Objective 2, we applied the reservoir simulation model developed earlier to Red Bluff Reservoir (Pub. 2). We also analyzed salinity trends of the Pecos River since 1935 (Pub. 1), and completed the coding of water and salt transport model for the Pecos River. Under Objective 3, a paper summarizing equipment available for improving permeability and salt leaching were completed (Pub. 3). This was followed by field testing and results are being documented. In addition, two research contract reports were prepared (Pub. 4 & 5). Under Objective 4, growth and ion
uptake of onions to Na and Cl stress were evaluated in a greenhouse. Another experiment in progress is growth and ion uptake response of pecan rootstock selections.
PARTICIPANTS: Participants: S. Miyamoto, Project Leader/Principal Investigator, I. Martinez, Agriculture Research Worker II. Support research activities in the greenhouse and in the fields, J. White, Technical Assistant II. Documentation of research results. Partner Organizations: El Paso Water Utilities, El Paso City Parks and Recreation Department, Bureau of Reclamation. Collaborators: Pecan Germplasm Committee, USDA Training and Human Resources Development: Two graduate students,four undergraduate students.
TARGET AUDIENCES: El Paso City Parks and Recreational Department, Clint School District and Ysleta School District, El Paso Apartment Association, El Paso Water tilities, Pecos River Commission , Texas Commission on Environmental Quality, Seminars, workshops, and onsite demonstration,
Impacts
Since the research topics addressed are diverse, it is difficult to single out the impact. However, measures to improve permeability and salt leaching are likely to be used to improve city parks. Screening of pecan rootstock selections for Na and Cl tolerance may become highly important to pecan industry.
Publications
- Yuan, F., Miyamoto, S., and S. Anand, 2007. Changes in major element hydrochemistry of the Pecos River in the American Southwest since 1935. Applied Geochem. 22:1798-1813.
- Miyamoto, S., Yuan, F., and S. Anand, 2007. Water balance, salt loading, and salinity control options of Red Bluff Reservoir, Texas. Texas A&M University Agricultural Research Center, El Paso, TX and Texas Water Resources Institute, College Station, TX TR-298.
- Miyamoto, S., Tirre, D., Luna, F., and S. Calhoun, 2007. Equipment for improving problematic soils in irrigated sports fields. Texas A&M Agricultural Research Center at El Paso, El Paso Water Utilities, and El Paso Parks and Recreation Department.
- Miyamoto, S., 2007. Soil suitability assessment for irrigation with reclaimed water: Selected sites at North Central reclaimed water service area. A reconnaissance soil survey and assessment report submitted to El Paso Water Utilities. Texas A&M Agricultural Research Center at El Paso.
- Miyamoto, S., 2007. Soil suitability assessment for irrigation with reclaimed water: Selected apartments in the Northwest reclaimed water service area. Soil and site assessment report submitted to El Paso Water Utilities. Texas A&M Agricultural Research Center at El Paso.
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Progress 01/01/06 to 12/31/06
Outputs
This project has four main objectives: i) Characterize and formulate salt storage and release from riparian areas, ii) model water and salt transport through semi-arid river systems, iii) develop guidelines for irrigating urban landscape with moderately saline water, and iv) evaluate growth response of selected landscape plants to salinity. During this reporting period, the main effort was placed on activities related to the salinity status of the Pecos River, a main tributary of the Rio Grande. We completed the analysis of the impact of tributaries on salinity of Amistad Reservoir (pub. 2 and 3), and the impact of saline water intrusion on salinity of Red Bluff Reservoir. Thereafter, the research focus moved on to the modeling under Objective 2, and this effort is continuing. We also made a progress on appraising salinity hazard of reclaimed water to landscape plants and soils (pub. 4), and ways to assess site suitability for irrigation (pub. 5).
Impacts
The most significant finding during this reporting period was salinity trends of the Rio Grande at Amistad Reservoir. It increased from 560 ppm prior to reservoir construction in 1968 to the range of 800 to 1000 ppm, since 1988. This salinity increase is a concern, mainly from the view of public water supply.
Publications
- Miyamoto, S., and A. Chacon, 2006. Soil salinity of urban turf areas irrigated with saline water. II. Soil factors. Landsc. Urban Plan 77:28-38.
- Inosako, K., Yuan, F., and S. Miyamoto, 2006. Simple methods for estimating outflow salinity from inflow and reservoir storage. Agri. Water Manag. 82:411-420.
- Miyamoto, S., Yuan, F., Anand, S., 2006. Influence of tributaries on salinity of Amistad Reservoir. Texas A&M Univ. Agri. Res. Ctr. at El Paso, TX and Texas Water Resources Institute, College Station, TX TR-292.
- Miyamoto, S., 2006. Appraising salinity hazard to landscape plants and soils irrigated with moderately saline water. Proc. UCOWR/NIWR Annual Conference, Santa Fe, NM, July 18 thru 20, 2006.
- Miyamoto, S., 2006. Site suitability assessment for irrigating urban landscape with moderately saline water in the Southwest. Proc. 21st Annual WateReuse Symposium, Hollywood, CA, Sept. 10, 2006.
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Progress 01/01/05 to 12/31/05
Outputs
This project has four main objectives: i) characterize and formulate salt storage and release from riparian areas, ii) model water and salt transport through semi-arid river systems, iii) develop guidelines for irrigating urban landscape with moderately saline water, and iv) evaluate growth response of selected landscape plants to salinity. During this reporting period, the main effort was placed on activities related to the salinity status of the Pecos River, a main tributary of the Rio Grande. The survey results were documented in a report to EPA (pub. 1) and in a technical publication (pub. 2). Thereafter, the research focus moved on to the modeling under Objective 2, and this effort is continuing. Research related to salt tolerance of landscape plants (Objective 4) is nearing completion (pub. 3 and 4).
Impacts
The most interesting finding of this reporting period was the salinity of the riparian areas along the Pecos River which was found lower than that of the middle Rio Grande. Streamflow salinity of the Pecos and the middle Rio Grande is 10,000 and 3,000 ppm, respectively. Modeling activities under Objective 2 are redirected to explain this finding, and the outcome is likely to impact future river management for salinity control.
Publications
- 1. Miyamoto, S., F. Yuan, A. McDonald, W. Hatler, G. Anaya, and W. Belzer, 2005. Reconnaissance survey of salt sources and loading into the Pecos River. Texas A&M Research Center, El Paso, TX. (A reconnaissance report to EPA)
- 2. Yuan, F., and S. Miyamoto, 2005. Dominant processes controlling water chemistry of the Pecos River in American southwest. Geophys. Research 32:L17406.
- 3. Miyamoto, S., 2005. Salinity management for irrigated production of pecans. Proc. Inter. Pecan Conf. Delicias Chihuahua, Mexico.
- 4. Khurram S., and S. Miyamoto, 2005. Growth and leaf injury of cold-resistant palms. J. Environ. Hort., 23:193-198.
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Progress 01/01/04 to 12/31/04
Outputs
The main progress for this reporting period was made in three areas; documentation of salt tolerance of landscape plants (Objective 4), identification of soil factors which affect salt accumulation in irrigated turf areas (Objective 3), impact of weather on hydrochemistry of the Rio Grande Basin, and development of sample formula for predicting salinity of reservoir outflow from inflow and storage data (Objective 2). Results of the first area of research were published in the first two articles of the attached list, and those of the second area in the fourth article. Results from the third research area were documented in the last two publications. In addition, an outreach publication was prepared for the purpose of assisting pecan growers suffering from drought and river water storage.
Impacts
The most significant finding made during this reporting period was the level of salt accumulation in the banks of the middle Rio Grande. The salinity levels in the bank soil far exceed the levels reported anywhere in the western USA, and appear to have been a result of infrequent bank overflow and high water tables existing along the river system. High soil salinity of the banks affects the stability of riparian vegetation as well as water quality of the Rio Grande and its reservoir, especially Amistad.
Publications
- Miyamoto, S., I. Martinez, M. Padilla, and A. Portillo, 2004. Photoguide: Landscape plant response to salinity. A joint publication of Texas Agricultural Experiment Station and El Paso Water Utilities. 17 pp. March 2004.
- Miyamoto, S., I. Martinez, M. Padilla, and A. Portillo, 2004. Landscape plant list for salt tolerance assessment. A joint publication of Texas Agricultural Experiment Station and El Paso Water Utilites. 12 pp. April 2004.
- Miyamoto, S., 2004. Orchard management under water quality constraints. Proc. Western Pecan Conference. Las Cruces, NM. Harrera E. (Ed). March 2004.
- Miyamoto, S., and A. Chacon, 2004. Soil salinity under irrigated turf: II. soil factors. Landscape and Urban Planning (in press).
- Yuan, F., and S. Miyamoto, 2004. Influence of the Pacific Oscillation on hydrochemistry of the Rio Grande, USA, and Mexico. Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems: 5 (12) 1029/ 2004 GC 000769.
- Inosako, K., F. Yuan, and S. Miyamoto, 2004. Simple methods for predicting salinity of outflow from inflow and storage data. Agricultural Water Management (submitted).
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Progress 01/01/03 to 12/31/03
Outputs
The main progress during this reporting period was made in four areas; i) Soil salinity distributions in large irrigated landscape areas, such as golf courses and parks, ii) Growth response of landscape plants to soil salinity, iii) Management guidelines for reducing salinity problems in urban landscapes, and iv) Appraisal of soil salinity in river bank of the middle Rio Grande. In addition, modeling of water and salt transport through the arid river system is continuing.
Impacts
The most significant finding made during this reporting period was the level of salt accumulation in the banks of the middle Rio Grande. The salinity levels in the bank soil far exceed the levels reported anywhere in the western USA, and appear to have been a result of infrequent bank overflow and high water tables existing along the river system. High soil salinity of the banks affects the stability of riparian vegetation as well as water quality of the Rio Grande and its reservoir, especially Amistad.
Publications
- Miyamoto, S., A. Chacon, M. Hossain, and J. Martinez, 2003. Soil Salinity under irrigated turf; J. Spatial variability. Landscape and urban Planning (Accepted for publication).
- Miyamoto, S., and S. Kurram, 2003. Growth and leaf injury of cold-resistant palms. J. Environ. Hort. (Submitted).
- Miyamoto, S., 2003. Managing salt problems in landscape use of reclaimed water. In Proc. Water Reuse Conf. San Antonio, TX, Sept. 2003.
- D. Ornelas and S. Miyamoto, 2003. Sprinkler conversion to minimize foliar salt damage. In Proc. Water Reuse Conf. San Antonio, TX, Sept. 2003.
- Miyamoto, S., I. Martinez, M. Padilla, A. Portillo, 2003. Landscape plant lists for salt tolerance assessment. TAES/EPWC joint publication (In Press).
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Progress 01/01/02 to 12/31/02
Outputs
The main progress during this reporting period was made in four areas; i) establishment of six gauging stations along the middle Rio Grande and the Pecos river for continuous monitoring of flow and salinity (Objective 1), ii) development of a spectrometric technique to identify the types and extent of salt accumulation on river bank (Objective 1), iii)observation of salt accumulation levels and patterns in selected riparian zones of the middle Rio Grande (Objectives 1 and 2), and iv) examination of salt accumulation patterns and variability in dominant soil types used for urban turf areas (Objectives 2 and 3). In addition, evaluation of salt tolerance of landscaping plants is continuing as a continuation of the objective set during the first phase of this research project.
Impacts
Results of this project are providing the information necessary for appraising the feasibility of using nonpotable water with elevated salinity for irrigating urban landscapes. This will impact on conservation of potable water and/or the ability to maintain green areas with saline nonpotable water. This project is also expected to help develop ways to manage the Rio Grande for reducing or equalizing salinity of surface water.
Publications
- Howari, F.M., Goodell, P.C., Miyamoto, 2002. Spectral properties of salt crusts formed on saline soils. J. Environ. Quality. 31:1453-1461.
- Howari, F.M., Goodell, P.C., and Miyamoto, S., 2002. Spectroscopy of salts common in saline soils. In "Laboratory Spectroscopy to Remotely Sensed Spectra of Terrestrial Ecosystem. Muttiah (Ed.), Kluwer Acad. Press.
- Miyamoto, S. 2002. Guidelines for developing soil and water management programs: Irrigated pecans. TAES/TWRI Publication. TR-188 March 2002.
- Miyamoto, S., and J.M. White, 2002. Foliar salt damage of landscape plants induced by sprinkler irrigation. TWRI TR-1202. March 2002.
- Miyamoto, S., 2002. Irrigation with water of elevated salinity: Guides for planners, managers, and supervisors. Texas A&M Univ. Agricultural Research Center at El Paso.
- Miyamoto, S., 2002. Salinity problems of the middle Rio Grande. Irrigation Conference, Hilton Inn, Las Cruces, NM. March 2002. p46-62.
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Progress 01/01/01 to 12/31/01
Outputs
This project has four principal objectives; i) analysis of streamflow and salinity relationships, ii) soil and cropping of factors affecting salt accumulation, iii) effects of grasses on soils, iv) performance testing of sand bed to evaporate saline solutions. In addition, salt tolerance evaluation of plant species has been an on-going objective since the initial project submission. During this reporting period, the main progress was made primarily in Objectives 1, 2, and the salt tolerance evaluation. The analysis of flow and salinity relationship was extended to the Pecos river; measurements of soil water and salinity distribution under various irrigation regimes made, and salt tolerance of plants against foliar sprinkling developed. In addition, this project now incorporate spectral characterization of salt crusts.
Impacts
The information on foliar salt damage developed by this project is fully-utilized for landscape uses of reclaimed water in El Paso.
Publications
- Howari, F.M., Goodell, P.C., Miyamoto, S., Penn, B. 2000. Spectral reflectance characteristics of salt deposited on the soil surfaces. Second EARSel Workshop on Imaging Spectroscopy, ITC, the Netherlands, July 11-12.
- Howari, F.M., Goodell, P.C., Miyamoto, S., Penn, B. 2000. Spectral properties of treated silty clay loam and fine sandy loam with gypsum, halite and their mixtures: Inter. Conf. on Applied Remote Sensing, Las Vegas, Nevada (In press).
- Miyamoto, S., J.M. White, R. Bader and D. Ornelas, 2001. El Paso Guidelines for Landscape Uses of Reclaimed Water with Elevated Salinity. Texas A&M Univ. Agr. Res. Ctr./El Paso Water Utilities.
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Progress 01/01/00 to 12/31/00
Outputs
This project, revised in 1999, has four principal objectives; i) Develop the relationship between flow and salinity of the Rio Grande, ii) Identify soil and cropping factors which affect salt accumulation in irrigated soils, iii) Evaluate the effect of cultivating salt-tolerant grasses on soil sodicity, permeability and salt leaching, and iv) Exploratory testing of the performance of sand-bed concentrator. In addition, the original research objective addressing plant salt tolerance evaluation was extended to include landscape plants. During this reporting period, the progress was made primarily on research toward Objectives 1, 3, and salt tolerance evaluation. The analysis of flow and salinity relationships was revised, and the manuscript resubmitted. In addition, the relationship was incorporated into a watershed model, SWAT, through a joint project with TAES, Temple. The effects of growing salt grass on saline sodic soils were evaluated in a lysimeter and related
data analyses are near completion. Salt damage caused by sprinkling of various saline solutions had been evaluated using 30 plant species. In addition, an unscheduled paper was prepared upon invitation.
Impacts
The information on plant salt tolerance is opening a possiblity of using saline water for irrigating urban landscape.
Publications
- Miyamoto, S., 2000. Availability of soil and water resources for irrigated crop production. In Proc. Inter. Conf. on "Role of Arid Land for Food Supply in the 21st Century" Tottori, Japan. p15-25.
- Miyamoto, S., M. Borah and R.S. Muttiah, 2000. Analyzing Flow and Salinity relationships in semi-arid river streams. Agr. Water Mgt (Submitted).
- Muttiah, R.S., S. Miyamoto, M. Borah, and C.H. Walker, 2000. In-stream modeling of the middle Rio Grande and Wichita basins. Proc. Water for Texas: 2000 and Beyond. College Station, Tex. Sept. 23-25, 2000.
- Miyamoto, S., 2000. Soil Resources of El Paso: Characteristics, Distribution and Management Guidelines. Texas A&M University Agricultural Research Center.
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Progress 01/01/99 to 12/31/99
Outputs
This project, revised in 1999, has three principal objectives; i) Develop the relationship between flow and salinity of the Rio Grande, ii) Identify soil and cropping factors which affect salt accumulation in irrigated soils, and iii) Evaluate the effect of cultivating salt-tolerant grasses on soil sodicity, permeability and salt leaching. During this reporting period, the main progress was made on research activities under Objectives 1 and 3. The analysis of flow and salinity relationships (Objective 1) was completed in a section above Amistad Reservoir and a relevant manuscript submitted. The effects of growing saltgrass on saline sodic soils were evaluated through a lysimeter experiment. The data obtained so far seem to indicate that it improves water infiltration, and enhances Na leaching only if sufficient leaching fractions are maintained. In addition, we completed the first year screening of salt tolerance of landscape plants, which is a carry-over from the
earlier objectives of this project.
Impacts
(N/A)
Publications
- Miyamoto, S., M. Borah, A. Chacon, and R. Muttiah, 1999. Flow and salinity relationships in semi-arid streams: A case study of the Rio Grande. J. Hydrology (Submitted).
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Progress 01/01/98 to 12/31/98
Outputs
High levels of salts present in water resources adversely affect crop production as well as economic and community developments along the Rio Grande. This project identified the magnitude, the nature and the current trend of the problems along with several potential approaches to reduce the problem. The effective approaches identified include i) cultivation of salt tolerant forage crops to reduce salt accumulation in irrigated croplands, ii) use of salt-tolerant landscaping plants for irrigation with saline wastewater, iii) soil selection and management to improve salt leaching, iv) improved irrigation and water resources management. Reuse and/or containment of high salt-carrying flow, and vegetation management in water ways and watershed will become increasingly important for future management of salts in the Rio Grande Basin.
Impacts
(N/A)
Publications
- Miyamoto, S., R. Galceran, and R. Garcia, 1997. Landscaping irrigation with salty water: I. Appraising salinity hazard. Grounds Maintenance. Nov. Issue 22-25.
- Miyamoto, S., 1997. Changing opportunities for soil and water conditioning in irrigated land management. Sulphur Inst. J. 20:21-26.
- Assadian, N.W., L.C. Esparza, L.B. Fenn, A.S. Ali, S. Miyamoto, U.V. Figueroa and A.W. Warrick, 1998. Spatial variability of heavy metals in irrigated alfalfa fields in the upper Rio Grande River Basin. Agr. Water Mgt. 36:141-156.
- Glenn, E.P., R. Tanner, S. Miyamoto, K. Fitzsimmons, and J. Boyer, 1998. Water use, productivity and forage quality of the halophyte; Atriplex nummularia, grown on saline wastewater in a desert environment. J. Arid. Environ. (In press)
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Progress 01/01/97 to 12/31/97
Outputs
This project is aimed at the development of management options and strategies for improved utilization and management of saline water in the Rio Grande Basin of Texas. The objectives for the current phase include: 1) Evaluation of salt tolerance of promising crops that can be grown with moderate to high saline water, 2) Development of irrigation scheduling and drainage quality prediction models for these crops, and 3) preliminary appraisal of salt and trace element pollution of the Rio Grande. During this reporting period, progress was made in all of the three objective areas. Under Objective 1, a cooperative lysimeter study on water use, productivity and forage quality of Atriplex nummularia had been completed and the results documented. Under objective 2, a cooperative lysimeter study to evaluate irrigation scheduling and water requirements for growing salicornia with seawater levels of salinity was completed, and the results published. Under Objective 3, an earlier
work on salinity trends of the Rio Grande was published, and the work is currently extended to include an analysis of monthly flow and salinity relationships in major tributaries of the Rio Grande above Amistad Dam.
Impacts
(N/A)
Publications
- Miyamoto, S., D. Swietlik, L.B. Fenn and V. Lee, 1996. Managing soil environments for tree crops. Proc. Soil Sci. Congress of Mexico. Terra 14:278-292 (This paper was shown in the last year's report, but without the specific journal citation).
- Miyamoto, S. 1996. Salinity of the Rio Grande: Trend and Management Implications. Proc. Soil Sci. Cong. Mexico. Terra 14:265-278. (This paper was shown in the last year's report, but without the specific journal citation).
- Miyamoto, S. 1996. Use of acids and acidulants on alkali soils and water. 'Handbook of Soil Conditioners'. Wallace and Terry (Eds). Marcel Dekker Inc. p217-256.
- Glenn, E.P., S. Miyamoto, D. Moore, 1997. J.J. Brown, L.T. Thompson, and P. Brown, 1997. Water requirements for cultivating Salicornia Bigelovii, Torr. with seawater in a coastal desert environment. J. Arid Environ. 36:711-730.
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Progress 01/01/96 to 12/30/96
Outputs
This project is aimed at the development of management options and strategies for improved utilization and management of saline water in the Rio Grande Basin of Texas. The objectives for the current phase include: 1) evaluation of salt tolerance of promising crops that can be grown with moderate to high saline water, 2) development of irrigation scheduling and drainage quality prediction models for these crops, and 3) preliminary appraisal of salt and trace element pollution of the Rio Grande. During this reporting period, progress was made in all of the three objective areas. Under Objective 1, a salt tolerance evaluation for 12 species of halophytes was continued. An earlier work on salt tolerance and water use of four halophytes has appeared in J. Arid. Environ (Pub. No. 1), and salt tolerance of pistachios was reported in a final research report. Under Objective 2, a significant progress was made in developing a scheme for scheduling seawater irrigation of
Salicornia in cooperation with Dr. Glenn, at Univ. of Arizona. The results of this work are currently being documented. The earlier work on irrigation scheduling of halphytes has appeared as a chapter in a book (Pub. No. 2). Under objective 3, an analysis of salinity trends of the Rio Grande was made at several monitoring stations, and the results were documented (Pub. No. 3). With the completion of this task, Objective 3 is essentially completed.
Impacts
(N/A)
Publications
- MIYAMOTO, S. 1996. Salt tolerance, water use and potential irrigation schedulingof halophytes. In "Halophytes and Biosaline Agriculture" Choukr-Allah, Malcom and Hamby (Eds). Marcel Dekker. N.Y. Basel p 181-220.
- MIYAMOTO, S., GLENN, E.P. and OLSON, M. 1996. Growth, Water Use and Salt Uptake of four halophytes grown with saline water. J. Arid. Environ. 32:141-159.
- MIYAMOTO, S., SWIETLIK, D., FENN, L. B., and LEE, V. 1996. Managing soil environments for tree crops. Proc. Soil Sci. Congress of Mexico.
- MIYAMOTO, S. 1996. Salinity of the Rio Grande: Trend and Management Implications. Proc. Soil Sci. Cong. Mexico.
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Progress 01/01/95 to 12/30/95
Outputs
This project is aimed at the development of management options and strategies for improved utilization and management of saline water in the Rio Grande Basin of Texas. The objectives for the current phase include: 1) evaluation of salt tolerannce of promising crops that can be grown with moderate to high saline water, 2) development of irrigation scheduling and drainage quality prediction models for these crops, and 3) preliminary appraisal of salt and trace element pollution of the Rio Grande. During this reporting period progress was made in all of the three objective areas. Under Objective 1, a salt tolerance evaluation is approaching completion for 12 halophyte grass species. An earlier work on a similar topic was accepted for publication (Pub. 1). The salt tolerance evaluation of pisstachios was alsocompleted (Pub. 2). Under Objective 2, a review and analysis of irrigation scheduling for halophytes was expanded, and was published (Pub. 3). Under Objective 3, a
review of water quality effects on aquatic species had been completed (Pub. 4), along with the analysis of salinity and sodicity trends. Some of the finding include: i) certain halophytic grass species can be cultivated in permeable soils with irrigation water containing about one-half strength of seawater salinity, ii) pistachios appear to be among the most salt tolerant tree crops currently grown, iii) salinity of the Rio Grande is in increasing trends and warrants an investigation of the cause or causes.
Impacts
(N/A)
Publications
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Progress 01/01/94 to 12/30/94
Outputs
This project is aimed at the development of management options and strategies for improved utilization and management of saline water in the Rio Grande Basin of Texas. The objectives for the current phase include: 1) evaluation of salt tolerance of promising crops that can be grown with moderate to high saline water, 2) development of irrigation scheduling and drainage quality prediction models for these crops, and 3) preliminary appraisal of salt and trace element pollution of the Rio Grande. During this reporting period, progress was made in all of the three objective areas. Under objective 1, a comprehensive review of highly salt tolerant plant species (including halophytes) was completed and a relevant publication appeared (Pub. 1). The evaluation of Na uptake requirements for optimum growth of Atriplex canasens was also made with the Environ. Research Lab. Univ. of Arizona (Pub.2). The collection of some of halophytic grass species was made, and a greenhouse
evaluation of whole plant response to both salt and water stress initiated. Salt tolerance of pistachio grafted on different root stock species was also completed and is currently being documented. Under objective 2, a preliminary analyses of irrigation scheduling for highly salt tolerant halophytic fodder plants was made and documented (Pub. 3). Under objective 3, a comprehensive review of salts and trace elements in the Rio Grande was made, and a report was prepared (Pub. 4).
Impacts
(N/A)
Publications
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Progress 01/01/93 to 12/30/93
Outputs
This project is aimed at the development of management strategies required to grow crops with saline water. The project has three principal objectives: 1) evaluation of crop salt and water stress tolerance, 2) development of irrigation management models, and 3) evaluation of soil amendments for salt leaching. The projects planned for objective 3 had been completed, and project activities during this reporting period have focused on objectives 1 and 2. The main achievements under objective 1 include i) evaluation of rootstock effects on salt tolerance of grafted pistachios, ii) the completion of a review and analysis dealing with salt tolerance of halophyte species suitable for animal fodder (pub. number 3) and iii) collection of halophyte germplasm suitable for animal fodder. The achievements under objective 2 include the completion of preliminary irrigation scheduling analyses for irrigated production of halophytes, which are now being documented. Two additional
articles completed in 1991 and 1992 also appeared in publication (pub. number 1 and 2). This project was revised in May '93 with a new title of "Strategies for improving saline water utilization and management." This revised project contains an extension of objectives 1 and 2, plus a new element dealing with water use of pistachios and halophytes, and salt, and trace element pollution of the Rio Grande associated primarily with irrigation activities.
Impacts
(N/A)
Publications
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Progress 01/01/92 to 12/30/92
Outputs
This project is aimed at the development of management strategies required to grow crops with saline waters. The project has three principal objectives: 1) evaluation of crop salt and water stress tolerance, 2) development of irrigation management models, and 3) evaluation of soil amendments for salt leaching. The projects planned for objective 3 had been completed, and project activities during this reporting period have focused on objectives 1 and 2. The main achievements under objective 1 included the completion of series of papers on pistachio salt tolerance and production as cited below, a review of halophytes (highly saline tolerant plants) for potential fodder production with high saline water, and evaluation of four halophyte species for saline tolerance and water use in lysimeters in cooperation with the Univ of Arizona. The evaluation of saline tolerance of grafted pistachio is continuing and will be completed by a grant acquired recently from the TDA. The
achievements under objective 2 included a review and analysis of irrigation scheduling for growing halophytes as fodder using highly saline water. This subject is currently documented as a chapter in a book to be published by the United Nations Environmental Program. This project is scheduled to be completed by April '93, and will be redirected toward environmental concerns associated with saline water irrigation.
Impacts
(N/A)
Publications
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Progress 01/01/91 to 12/30/91
Outputs
This project is aimed at the development of management strategies required to grow crops with saline waters. The project has three principal objectives: 1) evaluation of crop salt and water stress tolerance 2) development of irrigation management models and 3) evaluation of soil amendments for salt leaching. The projects planned for objective 3 are essentially completed with the publication of a chapter in a recent ASAE publication (Pub. No. 1), a report on field trails (Pub. No. 2) and a nontechnical paper in a grower conference (Pub. No. 3) During this reporting period, project activities were directed principally to objectives 1 and 2. Under objective 1 studies on boron uptake and toxic effects on pecans were completed with the assistance by a Graduate Student, Geno Picchioni (Pub. No. 4). Another greenhouse study on salt tolerance of pistachio has completed (Pub. No. 5), and additional studies on pistachio root stability in saline solutions were completed and
documented. Lysimeter studies on salt tolerance evaluation for pistachio and vetiver grass are continuing. Salt tolerance studies of halophytes was initiated with Dr. Glenn at Univ. of Arizona and a comprehensive review of saline water utilization options was also completed and presented at an International Conference at the United Arab Emerite. Under objective 2, a proto-type computer model to describe salt transport processes in spatially variable fields was completed, and reported at the Nation Irrigation Conference (Pub. No. 7).
Impacts
(N/A)
Publications
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Progress 01/01/90 to 12/30/90
Outputs
This project is aimed at the development of management strategies required to grow high value crops with saline waters. The project has three principal objectives: 1) evaluation of crop salt and water stress tolerance, 2) development of irrigation management models, and 3) evaluation of soil amendments for salt leaching. During this reporting period, progress was made in all three areas. Under objective 1, salt effects on guayule growth and rubber yields were documented and appeared. Also, growth responses and ion uptake of pistachio rootstock species under high salinity were documented. The stability of pistachio root membrane under high salinity was studied and being documented. The responses of both pistachio and pecan rootstock seedlings to excess boron were examined in a greenhouse, and results were documented. A field plot test was initiated to study the response of grafted pistachio. Under objective 2, an invitational paper on pecan irrigation scheduling
was completed and appeared. A theoretical analysis of salt accumulation and crop fields in surface irrigated fields consisting of spatially variable soil properties was made, and the first version was documented. A computer simulation work was also initiated for the purpose of quantifying the evaporative alteration of saline water quality. Under objective 3, two articles have appeared.
Impacts
(N/A)
Publications
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Progress 01/01/89 to 12/30/89
Outputs
This project is aimed at the development of management strategies required to grow high value crops with saline waters. The project has three principal objectives: 1) evaluation of crop salt and water stress tolerance, 2) development of irrigation management models, and 3) evaluation of soil amendments for salt leaching. During this reporting period, progress was made in all three areas. Under objective 1, salt effects on germination and seedling mortality of onions were studied, and results appeared in the first publication listed below. Salt effects on growth of guayule at different stages of growth were also documented in the second publication. Growth and ion uptake responses of pistachios and vetiver grass were also evaluated, and results are being documented. Under objective 2, a theoretical analysis of salt accumulation and crop growth in spatially variable surface-irrigated orchards was initiated, and a numerical model is being developed. An invitational paper
on salinity management of pecans (the third paper) appeared in pecan handbook. Another invitational article on irrigation management of pecans was prepared and submitted to the International Symposium on Tropical and Subtropical crops. Another invitational paper (the fourth article) was presented at the 21st Congress of Soil Sci. Soc. of Mexico. Under objective 3, a laboratory study comparing the effect of chemical amendments on water infiltration was completed, and results were documented for publication.
Impacts
(N/A)
Publications
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Progress 01/01/88 to 12/30/88
Outputs
This project is aimed at the development of management strategies required to grow high value crops with saline waters. The project has three principal objectives: 1) evaluation of crop salt and water stress tolerance, 2) development of irrigation management models, and 3) evaluation of soil amendments for salt leaching. During this reporting period, progress was made in all three areas. Under objective 1, one article of alfafa has appeared (Publication On. 2). Experiments on salt tolerence of guayule and onions were completed, and two manuscripts were submitted for publication. Experiments with asparagus and pistachio are in progress and scheduled to be documented in the coming project year. Under objective 2, soil salinity distribution was evaluated using conventional as well as geostatistics. Two papers (Publications 1 and 3) have appeared, and this concluded this area of research. We have also made significant progress to quantify water quality effects on
soil permeability and water intake, and the results are being documented for publication. Under objective 3 (soil amendments), the laboratory evaluation of several amendments were completed, and the results were documented for publication. In addition, two invitational papers were completed; one on reclamation of salt and sodium-affected soils (Publication No. 5) and another on soil selection for orchard establishment.
Impacts
(N/A)
Publications
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Progress 01/01/87 to 12/30/87
Outputs
This project is aimed at the development of management strategies required to grow high value crops with saline waters. The project contains three principal objectives: 1) evaluation of crop salt and water stress tolerance, 2) development of irrigation management models, and 3) evaluation of soil amendments for salt leaching. During this reporting period, progress was made in all three areas. Under objective 1, one article on pecan and another article on guayule have appeared (Pub. No 1 and 5), and another article on salttolerance of alfalfa was prepared and submitted. This study was expanded to include onion and asparagus through a cooperative arrangement, and pistachio in conjunction with a Ph.D student thesis project. Under objective 2, soil salinity variation and distribution characteristics were studied in border-irrigated fields in 1986 and furrow irrigated fields during 1987 (Pub. No. 4). A summary report which includes a recommendation for soil sampling
for salinity and sodicity appraisal was also prepared and accepted for publication as a technical bulletin. A new project under this objective was initiated for optimizing conjunctive uses of saline and nonsaline waters for crop irrigation. The data are being collected in large saline lysimeters, using chile pepper and onions as test crops. Under objective 3, a review paper (Pub No. 2) has appeared. In addition, laboratory testing of various soil amendments was performed, and the results are being documented.
Impacts
(N/A)
Publications
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Progress 01/01/86 to 12/30/86
Outputs
With the dwindling reserve of fresh water, irrigated crop production in the western USA may have to rely more on saline waters. This project is aimed at the developmet of management strategies required to grow high value crops with saline waters. The project contains three principal objectives: evaluation of crop salt and water stress tolerance, development of irrigation management models, and evaluation of soil amendments for salt leaching. The salt tolerance study for guayule was mostly completed and published. A similar study for pecans has been in progress and two articles were published. Salt effects on seedling mortality of several crops were studied and the relevant article prepared. Currently specific ion effects on pecan seedlings, chile peppers and onions are being investigated. Under salinity management, soil salinity variation and distribution characteristics were studied in surface-irrigated orchards and, more recently, in furrow irrigated fields
(two manuscripts submitted). These studies included a recommendation for soil sampling for salinity appraisal. An invitational paper (Amer. Soc. of Agronomy) was also prepared on the subject of testing soils for salinity and sodicity with Dr. Rhoades at US Salinity Laboratory. In the soil permeability research area, the evaluation of wetting agents is completed and current investigation includes various calcium and sulfur compounds.
Impacts
(N/A)
Publications
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Progress 01/01/85 to 12/30/85
Outputs
With the dwindling reserve of fresh water, crop production in the western USA may have to rely more on saline waters for irrigation. This project is aimed at the development of management strategies that are required for growing high value crops with saline waters. The project contains three principal objectives: 1) evaluation of crop salt and water stress tolerance, 2) development of irrigation management models, and 3) evaluation of soil amendments for salt leaching. During this reporting period, progress was made in all three areas. A manuscript on salt tolerance of pecan rootstock was prepared during the last project year and appeared during this period (pub. 1 of the list). Field testing of pecan salt tolerance (using mature trees) was completed and a manuscript submitted. A nontechnical article on consumptive water use in pecan orchards was prepared and appeared (pub. 2). A study on guayule salt tolerance was completed, and one article appeared (pub. 3),
and another accepted for publication. Two greenhouse experiments conducted for understanding the process of salt effects on seedling emergence and mortality were completed, and one article appeared (pub. 4) and another pending for publication. In chemical amendment areas, the study on gypsum dissolution rate was completed and appeared in Soil Sci. (pub. 5), and another study on wetting agents is accepted for publication in Irrig. Sci. Both laboratory and field evaluation of soil amendments are in progress.
Impacts
(N/A)
Publications
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Progress 01/01/84 to 12/30/84
Outputs
With the dwindling reserve of fresh water, crop production in the western USA may have to rely more on saline waters for irrigation. This project is aimed at the development of management strategies that are required for growing high value crops with saline waters. The project contains three principal objectives: 1) evaluation of crop salt and water stress tolerance, 2) development of irrigation management models, and 3) evaluation of soil amendments for salt leaching. During this reporting period, progress was made in all three areas. A manuscript documenting the results of salt tolerance study of three pecan rootstock cultivars was prepared and accepted for publication. Field experiments of pecan salt tolerance were extended by an additional season and the results will be documented shortly. The study of guayule response to salt and water stress appeared in publication 3 and 7. Two greenhouse experiments for studying salt effects on emergence and seedling
mortality of several vegetable crops and guayule have been completed and the results are being documented for publication. In chemical amendment areas, the evaluation of gypsum dissolution rates and the effect of wetting agents on water infiltration were conducted as planned. Two review articles were also prepared; one on the overview of saline water irrigation in far West Texas (Publication 6) and another on water quantity and quality requirements of guayule.
Impacts
(N/A)
Publications
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Progress 01/01/83 to 12/30/83
Outputs
With the dwindling reserve of fresh water, crop production in the western USA may have to rely more on saline waters for irrigation. This project aims at the development of management strategies that are required for growing high value crops with saline waters. The project contains three principal objectives: 1) evaluation of crop salt and water stress tolerance, 2) development of irrigation management models, and 3) evaluation of soil amendments for salt leaching. During this reporting period, progresses were made in all three areas. A lysimeter test for evaluating salt tolerance of pecan rootstock seedlings and a field test for evaluating salt tolerance of mature pecan trees were completed, and results are being documented for publication. A greenhouse study for evaluating salt tolerance of guayule at emergence was also completed and accepted for publication. A field lysimeter test for evaluating irrigation regime effects on water use, growth and rubber yields
of guayule was also completed and submitted for publication. The development of irrigation scheduling models for pecans was also completed and accepted for publication.
Impacts
(N/A)
Publications
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