Progress 10/01/08 to 09/30/13
Outputs
Target Audience: The targeted audience of the programs managed under the umbrella of the soil-testing project include county Extension agents, farmers, homeowners, various private businesses, public institutions, scientists, and the general public that may use or be interested in the services offered or the results of these services.Personnel participate in and make presentations regarding the research involving or the application ofsoil, plant, and manure analyses at local, state, regional, national, and international professional organizations including the Southern Extension and Research Activity Information Exchange Group (SERA-IEG6), Tri-Societies (ASA-SSSA-CSSA) international meetings, the NAPT program, Arkansas Plant Food Association, Arkansas Ccrop Protection Association, county Extension education meetings, and Arkansas Crop Management Conference. Changes/Problems:
Nothing Reported
What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided?
Nothing Reported
How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest? Information from these programs is disseminated in a variety of methods. The most direct method of information dissemination is via field specific nutrient management recommendations are distributed with soil test reports andthe results of manureanalysisare sent to the client following the completion of laboratory analysis. County Extension agents and professors also use summaries of information to communicate with various groups either in the form of oral presentations or Division of Agriculture research summaries or fact sheets that are printed (hardcopy) or available for download from the worldwide web as pdf publications.Press releases are also developed and released to the public media for publication. What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals?
Nothing Reported
Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals?
Specific accomplishments of objective 1 include the continual review and revision of soil-test based nutrient management recommendations for the major crops produced in Arkansas.For example, soil-test based potassium fertilizer recommendations were developed from research withrice and soybean and the new information was included in University of Arkansas soil test reports. More recently, in the winter of 2013, newnitrogen recommendationsfor field corn were developed by compiling and statistically analyzingrecent research results.Phosphorus recommendations for soybeanhave also been revised several times during this project's duration. These changes and improvements lead to a reduction in analysis time at the lab during the busiest months of the year.Annual summaries of Arkansas soil test levels have been provided when requested to the International Plant Nutrition Institute for their periodic summary that describessoil phosphorus and potassium availability indices and changes across time for each state in the conterminous USA. Furthermore, annual soil test levels generated by crop show that soil testphosphorus andpotassium levels for row crops have remained relatively constant (no significant increases or decreases) since 2006, but both soil test phosphorus and potassium levels have declined annually in soils cropped to cool- and warm-season forages for hay production.In regards to objective 2, the Marianna laboratory has made significant improvements in service which has been required by annual increases in the number of soil samples submitted for analysis as affected by grid soil sampling practices and precision agriculture. Annual lab results show that soil sample submissions have increased by about 18,000 per year for the pastseven years. The Marianna laboratory has increased its analytical capacity by purchasing additional and replacing old inductively coupled atomic plasma spectrophotometers, adding a new soils drier, evaluating and purchasing a new auto-sampler,addinga new pH measurement instrument, and replacing the deionized water system so that the lab can analyze more samples in less time. Plans were also initiated to remodel and add to the soil test laboratory in Marianna.
Publications
- Type:
Other
Status:
Accepted
Year Published:
2013
Citation:
DeLong, R.E., Carroll, S.D., Slaton, N.A., Mozaffari, M., and Herron, C. 2013. Soil test and fertilizer sales data: Summary for the 2011 growing season. In: N.A. Slaton (ed.) Wayne E. Sabbe Arkansas Soil Fertility Studies 2012. Ark. Agric. Exp. Stn. Res. Ser. 608:7-15.
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Progress 01/01/12 to 12/31/12
Outputs
OUTPUTS: The Marianna Soil Test Laboratory performs routine soil analyses free to Arkansas residents and fee-based analysis for out-of-state residents, analysis of cotton petioles to monitor nitrogen and potassium concentrations for a nominal fee, and other fee-based analyses such as soil organic matter content and soil textural analysis. The Fayetteville Agricultural Diagnostic Laboratory performs fee-based nutrient analyses on soil, plant, manure, growth media, other waste products, and samples that are digested or extracted by clientele. The Fayetteville Diagnostic laboratory also facilitates undergraduate and graduate student learning by performing analyses for various college courses as well as providing students experience in operating laboratory instrumentation. Clientele includes commercial agricultural clients, the public, and researchers. The overall mission of both labs is to facilitate the implementation and/or research investigation of best nutrient management practices through accurate and precise laboratory analyses to enhance sustainable agricultural production, which also sustain and/or improve environmental quality. Results of laboratory analyses are used by commercial growers, businesses, gardeners, and homeowners to determine the nutrient status of plant, soil and manure samples and to determine which and what amount of nutrients are required for optimum plant production, plus monitoring of plant nutrition to diagnose potential nutrient related maladies that may impair soil and/or plant productivity. Analytical data is provided to clients and used in databases that facilitate nutrient management educational objectives for Arkansas as well as regional, national, and international knowledge. For example, analytical data from large numbers of manure samples allow for the determination of the range, mean, and median nutrient contents of various animal manures. Independent research is sometimes performed by laboratory personnel but is dictated by need. Each year databases of selected analyses are reviewed and summarized for use in statewide educational programs as requested or deemed appropriate. Dissemination of analytical information and nutrient management guidelines is performed from the laboratory directly to the end-user or indirectly via the network of county Extension offices depending on the type of sample and method of submission. The results of annual soil-test results were summarized and published in the Wayne E. Sabbe Arkansas Soil Fertility Studies Research Series published by the University of Arkansas Agricultural Experiment Station. Both laboratories participated in the appropriate North American Proficiency Testing (NAPT) programs administered through the Soil Science Society of America to ensure routine analytical procedures are accurate and precise. PARTICIPANTS: The project director is Dr. Nathan Slaton, Professor/Director of Soil Testing - University of Arkansas. As project director Dr. Slaton prepares and manages laboratory budgets, manages personnel issues at both laboratories, writes annual reports on laboratory activities, assists in planning and presenting educational related activities at various professional meetings, maintains and updatessoil-test based fertilizer guidelines, and edits the annual Wayne E. Sabbe Arkansas Soil Fertility Studies (University of Arkansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Series). Additionally, Dr. Slaton oversees the Fayetteville Agricultural Diagnostic Laboratory. The soil testing component of the project is co-coordinated with Drs. Leo Espinoza, Soils Specialist University of Arkansas Cooperative Extension Service, and Morteza Mozaffari, Research Assistant Professor and Resident Director of the Marianna Soil Test Laboratory, who perform vital roles in the delivery of soil-test information and implementation and operation of the routine soil testing program based out of the Marianna Soil Test Lab and Little Rock State Cooperative Extension Service Headquarters. Dr. Mozaffari directly manages personnel and daily operations at the Marianna Soil Test Laboratory with primary responsibilities of ensuring that soil analysis is performed accurately and timely to facilitate the dissemination of completed soil-test reports containing soil analytical information and fertilizer recommendations as well as cotton petiole analyses. Dr. Mozaffari is aided in overseeing daily lab and program operations by Cindy Herron, Program Technician II; Doug Carroll, Program Associate III; and Diane Lafex, Research Technologist II-Laboratory Manager. The Marianna laboratory is staffed by 10 additional classified employees who prepare soil and cotton petioles for analysis and perform laboratory analyses on prepared samples. Dr. Esponiza coordinates distribution of soil-test reports, communicates with county Extension office staff regarding soil-test reports and analysis problems and other information such as availability of soil-test supplies for clients, and has the lead role in developing educational programs for clientele. County Extension office staff located in 83 offices in 74 counties also play significant roles in facilitating submission of samples and supplies, distributing soil-test reports, and implementing educational programs. Daily operations of the Fayetteville laboratory are managed directly by Nancy Wolf, Program Associate I, with duties of insuring QA/QC of analyses, supervision of three full-time lab classified staff, upkeep of instruments, and insuring timely analysis of submitted samples. Lisa Turner, Accounting Tech II, aids in purchasing and monthly budget reports. Other cooperating faculty include: Mike Daniel, Brain Haggard, Philip Moore, Andrew Sharpley, Tom Tabler, Karl VanDavender. Our laboratory also cooperates with personnel employed by the Arkansas Natural Resources Commission under the leadership of Randy Young. TARGET AUDIENCES: The targeted audience of the programs managed under the umbrella of the soil-testing program include county Extension agents, farmers, homeowners, various private businesses, public institutions, scientists, and the general public that may use or be interested in offered services or results of these services. Personnel participate in and make presentations regarding the use of soil, plant, and manure analyses at local, state, regional, national, and international professional organizations including the Southern Extension and Research Activity Information Exchange Group (SERA-IEG6), Tri-Societies (ASA-SSSA-CSSA) international meetings, the NAPT program, Arkansas Plant Food Association, Arkansas Ccrop Protection Association, county Extension education meetings, and Arkansas Crop Management Conference. PROJECT MODIFICATIONS: Not relevant to this project.
Impacts
The Marianna Soil Test Laboratory performed routine analyses on 163,728 soil samples from 1 January to 31 December 2011. Crop and soil specific fertilizer and lime recommendations were provided with 52,808 samples representing 1,554,093 acres. Soil nutrient concentrations were determined on another 106,312 samples from grid-sampled fields and 4,608 samples submitted for research and demonstration purposes. Another 14,904 samples were standard check soils analyzed for quality assurance and control. A summary of the 2011 soil test results by county, soil association number, soil series, and previous crop will be published in the W.E. Sabbe Arkansas Soil Fertility Studies Research Series in 2013. Preliminary numbers indicate the Marianna lab analyzed a record number of samples totaling 211,656 from 1 January thru 31 December 2012. The laboratory analyzed 166 cotton petiole samples. The Marianna laboratory renewed its certification from the Arkansas Department of Environmental Quality to analyze soil samples according to their QA/QC protocols. New instrumentation and equipment was added to the Marianna lab to replace obsolete instruments and improve analytical capacity. Plans were also initiated to remodel and add on to the existing facility. The Fayetteville Diagnostic Laboratory performed fee-based elemental analyses on a total of 30,783 samples including 1,733 forage, 314 plant and 161 soil (for diagnosis of nutrient deficiencies and/or toxicities), 1,348 dry- and 277 liquid-manure, 13,182 research plant, 3,710 research soil, and 9,477 prepared special samples during 2012. An additional 542 samples were analyzed for strawberry (528) and orchard (14) nutrient monitoring programs with clients from several states. Samples were submitted by growers, the individuals, and researchers from various institutions and industries. Databases of dry and liquid manure chemical properties were updated to included information from 2012 samples. We continue to share this information with the Arkansas Natural Resources Commission (ANRC) for a reference of mean values for nutrient management planning. The Marianna and Fayetteville labs participated in the North American Proficiency Testing (NAPT) program operated through the Soil Science Society of America for soil sample. The appropriate steps were taken to correct any analytical problems identified by the NAPT program. The Diagnostic Laboratory also maintained certification by the National Forage Testing Association Certification Program and the Manure Analysis Program. Based on recent research, the recommended P fertilizer rates for soybean were reduced and N recommendations were added for newly released rice varieties.
Publications
- DeLong, R.E., Carroll, S.D., Slaton, N.A., Mozaffari, M., and Herron, C. 2012. Soil test and fertilizer sales data: Summary for the 2010 growing season. In: N.A. Slaton (ed.) Wayne E. Sabbe Arkansas Soil Fertility Studies 2011. Ark. Agric. Exp. Stn. Res. Ser. 599. Fayetteville, AR. p.7-15.
- Phillips, S., and Slaton, N.A. 2012. Crop nutrition following the 2012 drought: Southeast. Available on-line: http://www.ipni.net/ipniweb/insights.nsf/wOpenRegionreadform.ion=F. International Plant Nutrition Institute. Insights: Sept. 2012.
- Norman, R., Slaton, N., Espinoza, L., and Roberts, T. 2012. Nitrogen fertilizer additives. University Arkansas Cooperative Extension Service. FSA 2169. Little Rock, AR.
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Progress 01/01/11 to 12/31/11
Outputs
OUTPUTS: The Marianna Soil Test Laboratory performs routine soil analyses free to Arkansas residents and fee-based analysis for out-of-state residents, analysis of cotton petioles to monitor nitrogen and potassium concentrations for a nominal fee, and other fee-based analyses such as soil organic matter content and soil textural analysis. The Fayetteville Agricultural Diagnostic Laboratory performs fee-based nutrient analyses on soil, plant, manure, growth media, other waste products, and samples that are digested or extracted by clientele. The Fayetteville Diagnostic laboratory also facilitates undergraduate and graduate student learning by performing analyses for various college courses as well as providing students experience in operating laboratory instrumentation. Clientele includes commercial agricultural clients, the public, and researchers. The overall mission of both labs is to facilitate the implementation and/or research investigation of best nutrient management practices through accurate and precise laboratory analyses to enhance sustainable agricultural production, which also sustain and/or improve environmental quality. Results of laboratory analyses are used by commercial growers, businesses, gardeners, and homeowners to determine the nutrient status of plant, soil and manure samples and to determine which and what amount of nutrients are required for optimum plant production, plus monitoring of plant nutrition to diagnose potential nutrient related maladies that may impair soil and/or plant productivity. Analytical data is provided to clients and used in databases that facilitate nutrient management educational objectives for Arkansas as well as regional, national, and international knowledge. For example, analytical data from large numbers of manure samples allow for the determination of the range, mean, and median nutrient contents of various animal manures. Independent research is sometimes performed by laboratory personnel but is dictated by need. Each year databases of selected analyses are reviewed and summarized for use in statewide educational programs as requested or deemed appropriate. Dissemination of analytical information and nutrient management guidelines is performed from the laboratory directly to the end-user or indirectly via the network of county Extension offices depending on the type of sample and method of submission. The results of annual soil-test results were summarized and published in the Wayne E. Sabbe Arkansas Soil Fertility Studies Research Series published by the University of Arkansas Agricultural Experiment Station. Both laboratories participated in the appropriate North American Proficiency Testing (NAPT) programs administered through the Soil Science Society of America to ensure routine analytical procedures are accurate and precise. PARTICIPANTS: The project director is Dr. Nathan Slaton, Professor/Director of Soil Testing - University of Arkansas. As project director Dr. Slaton prepares and manages laboratory budgets, manages personnel issues at both laboratories, writes annual reports on laboratory activities, assists in planning and presenting educational related activities at various professional meetings, maintains and updatessoil-test based fertilizer guidelines, and edits the annual Wayne E. Sabbe Arkansas Soil Fertility Studies (University of Arkansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Series). Additionally, Dr. Slaton oversees the Fayetteville Agricultural Diagnostic Laboratory. The soil testing component of the project is co-coordinated with Drs. Leo Espinoza, Soils Specialist University of Arkansas Cooperative Extension Service, and Morteza Mozaffari, Research Assistant Professor and Resident Director of the Marianna Soil Test Laboratory, who perform vital roles in the delivery of soil-test information and implementation and operation of the routine soil testing program based out of the Marianna Soil Test Lab and Little Rock State Cooperative Extension Service Headquarters. Dr. Mozaffari directly manages personnel and daily operations at the Marianna Soil Test Laboratory with primary responsibilities of ensuring that soil analysis is performed accurately and timely to facilitate the dissemination of completed soil-test reports containing soil analytical information and fertilizer recommendations as well as cotton petiole analyses. Dr. Mozaffari is aided in overseeing daily lab and program operations by Cindy Herron, Program Technician II; Doug Carroll, Program Associate III; and Diane Lafex, Research Technologist II-Laboratory Manager. The Marianna laboratory is staffed by 10 additional classified employees who prepare soil and cotton petioles for analysis and perform laboratory analyses on prepared samples. Dr. Esponiza coordinates distribution of soil-test reports, communicates with county Extension office staff regarding soil-test reports and analysis problems and other information such as availability of soil-test supplies for clients, and has the lead role in developing educational programs for clientele. County Extension office staff located in 83 offices in 74 counties also play significant roles in facilitating submission of samples and supplies, distributing soil-test reports, and implementing educational programs. Daily operations of the Fayetteville laboratory are managed directly by Nancy Wolf, Program Associate I, with duties of insuring QA/QC of analyses, supervision of three full-time lab classified staff, upkeep of instruments, and insuring timely analysis of submitted samples. Lisa Turner, Accounting Tech II, aids in purchasing and monthly budget reports. Other cooperating faculty include: Mike Daniel, Brain Haggard, Philip Moore, Andrew Sharpley, Tom Tabler, Karl VanDavender. Our laboratory also cooperates with personnel employed by the Arkansas Natural Resources Commission under the leadership of Randy Young. TARGET AUDIENCES: The targeted audience of the programs managed under the umbrella of the soil-testing program include county Extension agents, farmers, homeowners, various private businesses, public institutions, scientists, and the general public that may use or be interested in offered services or results of these services. Personnel participate in and make presentations regarding the use of soil, plant, and manure analyses at local, state, regional, national, and international professional organizations including the Southern Extension and Research Activity Information Exchange Group (SERA-IEG6), Soil and Plant Analysis Council, Southern Plant Nutrient Management Conference, Tri-Societies (ASA-SSSA-CSSA) international meetings, the NAPT program, Southern Branch American Society of Agronomy, Arkansas Plant Food Society, county Extension education meetings, and Arkansas Crop Management Conference. PROJECT MODIFICATIONS: Nothing significant to report during this reporting period.
Impacts
The Marianna Soil Test Laboratory performed routine analyses on 155,337 soil samples from 1 January to 31 December 2010. Crop and soil specific fertilizer and lime recommendations were provided with 54,772 samples representing 1,677,654 acres. Soil nutrient concentrations were determined on another 84,763 samples from grid-sampled fields and 1,024 samples submitted for research and demonstration purposes. Another 12,970 samples were standard check soils analyzed for quality assurance and control. A summary of the 2010 soil test results by county, soil association number, soil series, and previous crop will be published in the W.E. Sabbe Arkansas Soil Fertility Studies Research Series in 2012. Preliminary numbers indicate the Marianna lab analyzed a record number of samples totaling 178,632 from 1 January thru 31 December 2011. The Marianna laboratory renewed its certification from the Arkansas Department of Environmental Quality to analyze soil samples according to their QA/QC protocols. New instrumentation was added to the Marianna lab to replace obsolete instruments and improve analytical capacity. The Fayetteville Diagnostic Laboratory performed fee-based elemental analyses on a total of 26,653 samples including 1,032 forage, 383 plant and 198 soil (for diagnosis of nutrient deficiencies and/or toxicities), 1,355 dry- and 205 liquid-manure, 11,228 research plant, 2,376 research soil, and 9,446 prepared special samples during 2011. An additional 424 samples were analyzed for strawberry (386) and orchard (38) nutrient monitoring programs with clients from several states. Samples were submitted by growers, the individuals, and researchers from various institutions and industries. Databases of dry and liquid manure chemical properties were updated to included information from 2011 samples. The laboratory continued to analyze water-extractable P (WEP) in poultry litter (except samples from Eucha Spavinaw watershed) with two different methods depending on the watershed of origin. Using the 1:100 WEP method, a total of 267 broiler litter samples were analyzed with a median of 2,711 mg P/kg, a mean of 2,814 mg P/kg, a standard deviation of 1,091 mg P/kg, and a range 77 to 11,470 mg P/kg. The mean WEP represented 23.5% of the manure total P, very consistent with results from 2010. We continue to share this information with the Arkansas Natural Resources Commission (ANRC) for a reference of mean values for nutrient management planning. The Marianna and Fayetteville labs participated in the North American Proficiency Testing (NAPT) program operated through the Soil Science Society of America for soil sample. The appropriate steps were taken to correct any analytical problems identified by the NAPT program. The Diagnostic Laboratory also maintained certification by the National Forage Testing Association Certification Program and the Manure Analysis Program. Based on recent research, the recommended P fertilizer rates for soybean were reduced and N recommendations were added for newly released rice varieties.
Publications
- DeLong, R.E., S.D. Carroll, N.A. Slaton, M. Mozaffari, and C. Herron. 2011. Soil test and fertilizer sales data: Summary for the 2009 growing season. p.7-15. In N.A. Slaton (ed.) Wayne E. Sabbe Arkansas Soil Fertility Studies 2009. Ark. Agric. Exp. Stn. Res. Ser. 578. Fayetteville, AR.
- DeLong, R.E., N.A. Slaton, M. Mozaffari, L. Espinoza, D. Carroll, C. Herron, and C. Massey. 2011. Trends in soil sampling and test results in Arkansas from 2006-2010. In Abstracts [CD-ROM]. ASA-CSSA-SSSA International Annual Meetings. Oct. 16-19, 2011. San Antonio, TX. Madison, WI.
- Massey, C., N.A. Slaton, N.A. Wolf, C.G. Villines, B.C. Murdock, and R.E. DeLong. 2011. Characterization of water soluble phosphorus from selected animal manures in Arkansas. In Abstracts [CD-ROM]. ASA-CSSA-SSSA International Annual Meetings. Oct. 16-19, 2011. San Antonio, TX. Madison, WI.
- Slaton, N., J. Ross, R. Norman, L. Espinoza, T. Roberts, M. Mozaffari, C. E. Wilson, and R. Cartwright. 2011. Potassium requirements and fertilization of rice and irrigated soybeans. Univ. Ark. Coop. Ext. Serv. FSA 2165. Little Rock, AR.
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Progress 01/01/10 to 12/31/10
Outputs
OUTPUTS: The Marianna Soil Test Laboratory performs routine soil analyses free to Arkansas residents and fee-based for out-of-state residents, analysis of cotton petioles to monitor nitrogen and potassium concentrations for a nominal fee, and other fee-based analyses such as soil organic matter content and soil textural analysis. The Fayetteville Agricultural Diagnostic Laboratory performs fee-based nutrient analyses on soil, plant, manure, growth media, other waste products, and samples that are digested or extracted by clientele. The Fayetteville Diagnostic laboratory also facilitates undergraduate and graduate student learning by performing analyses for various college courses as well as providing students experience in operating laboratory instrumentation. Clientele includes commercial agricultural clients, the general public, and researchers. The overall mission of both labs is to facilitate the implementation and/or research investigation of best nutrient management practices through accurate and precise laboratory analyses to enhance sustainable agricultural production which also sustain and/or improve environmental quality. Results of laboratory analyses are used by commercial growers, businesses, gardeners, and homeowners to determine the nutrient status of plant, soil and manure samples and to determine which and what amount of nutrients are required for optimum plant production, plus monitoring of plant nutrition to diagnose potential nutrient related maladies that may impair soil and/or plant productivity. Analytical data is provided to clients and also used in databases that facilitate nutrient management educational objectives for Arkansas as well as regional, national, and international knowledge. For example, analytical data from large numbers of manure samples allow for the determination of the range, mean, and median nutrient contents of various animal manures. Independent research is sometimes performed by laboratory personnel but is dictated by need. Each year databases of selected analyses are reviewed and summarized for use in statewide educational programs as requested or deemed appropriate. Dissemination of analytical information and nutrient management guidelines is performed from the laboratory directly to the end-user or indirectly via the network of county Extension offices depending on the type of sample and method of submission. The results of annual soil-test results were summarized and published in the Wayne E. Sabbe Arkansas Soil Fertility Studies Research Series published by the University of Arkansas Agricultural Experiment Station. Both laboratories participated in the appropriate North American Proficiency Testing (NAPT) programs administered through the Soil Science Society of America to ensure routine analytical procedures are accurate and precise. PARTICIPANTS: The project director is Dr. Nathan Slaton, Professor/Director of Soil Testing - University of Arkansas. As project director Dr. Slaton prepares and manages laboratory budgets, manages personnel issues at both laboratories, writes annual reports on laboratory activities, assists in planning and presenting educational related activities at various professional meetings, maintains and updatessoil-test based fertilizer guidelines, and edits the annual Wayne E. Sabbe Arkansas Soil Fertility Studies (University of Arkansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Series). Additionally, Dr. Slaton oversees the Fayetteville Agricultural Diagnostic Laboratory. The soil testing component of the project is co-coordinated with Drs. Leo Espinoza, Soils Specialist University of Arkansas Cooperative Extension Service, and Morteza Mozaffari, Research Assistant Professor and Resident Director of the Marianna Soil Test Laboratory, who perform vital roles in the delivery of soil-test information and implementation and operation of the routine soil testing program based out of the Marianna Soil Test Lab and Little Rock State Cooperative Extension Service Headquarters. Dr. Mozaffari directly manages personnel and daily operations at the Marianna Soil Test Laboratory with primary responsibilities of ensuring that soil analysis is performed accurately and timely to facilitate the dissemination of completed soil-test reports containing soil analytical information and fertilizer recommendations as well as cotton petiole analyses. Dr. Mozaffari is aided in overseeing daily lab and program operations by Cindy Herron, Program Technician II; Doug Carroll, Program Associate III; and Diane Lafex, Research Technologist II-Laboratory Manager. The Marianna laboratory is staffed by 10 additional classified employees who prepare soil and cotton petioles for analysis and perform laboratory analyses on prepared samples. Dr. Esponiza coordinates distribution of soil-test reports, communicates with county Extension office staff regarding soil-test reports and analysis problems and other information such as availability of soil-test supplies for clients, and has the lead role in developing educational programs for clientele. County Extension office staff located in 83 offices in 74 counties also play significant roles in facilitating submission of samples and supplies, distributing soil-test reports, and implementing educational programs. Daily operations of the Fayetteville laboratory are managed directly by Nancy Wolf, Program Associate I, with duties of insuring QA/QC of analyses, supervision of three full-time lab classified staff, upkeep of instruments, and insuring timely analysis of submitted samples. Lisa Turner, Accounting Tech II, aids in purchasing and monthly budget reports. Other cooperating faculty include Drs. Tommy Daniel, Brain Haggard, Frank Jones, Philip Moore, Andrew Sharpley, Tom Tabler, Karl VanDavender. Our laboratory also cooperates with personnel employed by the Arkansas Natural Resources Commission under the leadership of Randy Young. TARGET AUDIENCES: The targeted audience of the programs managed under the umbrella of the soil-testing program include county Extension agents, farmers, homeowners, various private businesses, public institutions, scientists, and the general public that may use or be interested in offered services or results of these services. Personnel participate in and make presentations regarding the use of soil, plant, and manure analyses at local, state, regional, national, and international professional organizations including the Southern Extension and Research Activity Information Exchange Group (SERA-IEG6), Soil and Plant Analysis Council, Southern Plant Nutrient Management Conference, Tri-Societies (ASA-SSSA-CSSA) international meetings, the NAPT program, Southern Branch American Society of Agronomy, Arkansas Plant Food Society, county Extension education meetings, and Arkansas Crop Management Conference. PROJECT MODIFICATIONS: Nothing significant to report during this reporting period.
Impacts
The Marianna Soil Test Laboratory performed routine analyses on 130,259 soil samples from 1 January to 31 December 2009. Crop and soil specific fertilizer and lime recommendations were provided with 58,022 samples representing 1,585,286 acres. Soil nutrient concentrations were determined on another 60,196 samples from grid sampled fields and 1,041 samples submitted for research and demonstration purposes. Another 10,877 samples were standard check soils analyzed for quality assurance and control. A summary of the 2009 soil test results by county, soil association number, soil series, and previous crop will be published in the W.E. Sabbe Arkansas Soil Fertility Studies Research Series in 2011. Preliminary numbers indicate the Marianna lab analyzed more than 147,000 samples from 1 January thru 31 December 2010. The Marianna laboratory renewed its certification from the Arkansas Department of Environmental Quality to analyze soil samples according to their QA/QC protocols. The Marianna laboratory also processed and analyzed 390 cotton petiole samples for nitrate-nitrogen, P, and K concentrations and provided supplemental fertilization recommendations. The Fayetteville Diagnostic Laboratory performed fee-based elemental analyses on a total of 28,867 samples including 1,357 forage, 285 plant and 174 soil (for diagnosis of nutrient deficiencies and/or toxicities), 1,276 dry- and 212 liquid-manure, 12,738 research plant, 3,166 research soil, and 9,427 prepared special samples during 2010. An additional 177 samples were analyzed for strawberry (177) and orchard (20) nutrient monitoring programs with clients from several states. Samples were submitted by growers, the general public, and researchers from various institutions and industries. Databases of dry and liquid manure chemical properties were updated to included information from 2010 samples. The laboratory started analyzing water-extractable P (WEP) in poultry litter (except samples from Eucha Spavinaw watershed) with the 100:1 solution:manure ratio method. A total of 314 litter samples were analyzed with a median of 2935 mg P/kg, a mean of 2899 mg P/kg, a standard deviation of 1000 mg P/kg, and a range 535 to 6576 mg P/kg. The mean WEP represented 23.7% of the manure total P. Information on poultry litter WEP has been shared with the Arkansas Natural Resources Commission (ANRC) for a reference of mean values for nutrient management planning. The laboratory continued to work with the UA Environmental Task Force, ANRC and USDA on analytical methods that are used in the Arkansas P Index. In 2010, the Marianna lab participated in the North American Proficiency Testing (NAPT) program operated through the Soil Science Society of America for soil sample and the Fayetteville lab participated in a similar program offered by Analytical Laboratory Proficiency (ALP) Program. The appropriate steps were taken to correct any analytical problems identified by the NAPT program. The Diagnostic Laboratory also maintained certification by the National Forage Testing Association Certification Program and the Manure Analysis Program.
Publications
- Sharpley, A., M. Daniels, K. VanDavender, B. Haggard, N. Slaton, and C. West. 2010. Using the 2010 Arkansas phosphorus index. Univ. Ark. Cooperative Extension Service. Misc. Publ. 487. Little Rock, AR.
- Sharpley, A., M. Daniels, K. VanDavender, and N. Slaton. 2010. Soil phosphorus: management and recommendations. Univ. Ark. Cooperative Extension Service. FSA 1029. Little Rock, AR.
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Progress 01/01/09 to 12/31/09
Outputs
OUTPUTS: The Marianna Soil Test Laboratory performs routine soil analyses free to Arkansas residents and fee-based for out-of-state residents, analysis of cotton petioles to monitor nitrogen and potassium concentrations for a nominal fee, and other fee-based analyses such as soil organic matter content and soil textural analysis. The Fayetteville Agricultural Diagnostic Laboratory performs fee-based nutrient analyses on soil, plant, manure, growth media, other waste products, and samples that are digested or extracted by clientele. The Fayetteville Diagnostic laboratory also facilitates undergraduate and graduate student learning by performing analyses for various college courses as well as providing students experience in operating laboratory instrumentation. Clientele includes commercial agricultural clients, the general public, and researchers. The overall mission of both labs is to facilitate the implementation and/or research investigation of best nutrient management practices through accurate and precise laboratory analyses to enhance sustainable agricultural production which also sustain and/or improve environmental quality. Results of laboratory analyses are used by commercial growers, businesses, gardeners, and homeowners to determine the nutrient status of plant, soil and manure samples and to determine which and what amount of nutrients are required for optimum plant production, plus monitoring of plant nutrition to diagnose potential nutrient related maladies that may impair soil and/or plant productivity. Analytical data is provided to clients and also used in databases that facilitate nutrient management educational objectives for Arkansas as well as regional, national, and international knowledge. For example, analytical data from large numbers of manure samples allow for the determination of the range, mean, and median nutrient contents of various animal manures. Independent research is sometimes performed by laboratory personnel but is dictated by need. Each year databases of selected analyses are reviewed and summarized for use in statewide educational programs as requested or deemed appropriate. Dissemination of analytical information and nutrient management guidelines is performed from the laboratory directly to the end-user or indirectly via the network of county Extension offices depending on the type of sample and method of submission. The results of annual soil-test results were summarized and published in the Wayne E. Sabbe Arkansas Soil Fertility Studies Research Series published by the University of Arkansas Agricultural Experiment Station. Both laboratories participated in the appropriate North American Proficiency Testing (NAPT) programs administered through the Soil Science Society of America to ensure routine analytical procedures are accurate and precise. PARTICIPANTS: The project director is Dr. Nathan Slaton, Professor/Director of Soil Testing - University of Arkansas. As project director Dr. Slaton prepares and manages laboratory budgets, manages personnel issues at both laboratories, writes annual reports on laboratory activities, assists in planning and presenting educational related activities at various professional meetings, maintains and updatessoil-test based fertilizer guidelines, and edits the annual Wayne E. Sabbe Arkansas Soil Fertility Studies (University of Arkansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Series). Additionally, Dr. Slaton oversees the Fayetteville Agricultural Diagnostic Laboratory. The soil testing component of the project is co-coordinated with Drs. Leo Espinoza, Soils Specialist University of Arkansas Cooperative Extension Service, and Morteza Mozaffari, Research Assistant Professor and Resident Director of the Marianna Soil Test Laboratory, who perform vital roles in the delivery of soil-test information and implementation and operation of the routine soil testing program based out of the Marianna Soil Test Lab and Little Rock State Cooperative Extension Service Headquarters. Dr. Mozaffari directly manages personnel and daily operations at the Marianna Soil Test Laboratory with primary responsibilities of ensuring that soil analysis is performed accurately and timely to facilitate the dissemination of completed soil-test reports containing soil analytical information and fertilizer recommendations as well as cotton petiole analyses. Dr. Mozaffari is aided in overseeing daily lab and program operations by Cindy Herron, Program Technician II; Doug Carroll, Program Associate III; and Diane Lafex, Research Technologist II-Laboratory Manager. The Marianna laboratory is staffed by 10 additional classified employees who prepare soil and cotton petioles for analysis and perform laboratory analyses on prepared samples. Dr. Esponiza coordinates distribution of soil-test reports, communicates with county Extension office staff regarding soil-test reports and analysis problems and other information such as availability of soil-test supplies for clients, and has the lead role in developing educational programs for clientele. County Extension office staff located in 83 offices in 74 counties also play significant roles in facilitating submission of samples and supplies, distributing soil-test reports, and implementing educational programs. Daily operations of the Fayetteville laboratory are managed directly by Nancy Wolf, Program Associate I, with duties of insuring QA/QC of analyses, supervision of three full-time lab classified staff, upkeep of instruments, and insuring timely analysis of submitted samples. Lisa Turner, Accounting Tech II, aids in purchasing and monthly budget reports. Other cooperating faculty include Drs. Tommy Daniel, Brain Haggard, Frank Jones, Philip Moore, Andrew Sharpley, Tom Tabler, Karl VanDavender. Our laboratory also cooperates with personnel employed by the Arkansas Natural Resources Commission under the leadership of Randy Young. TARGET AUDIENCES: The targeted audience of the programs managed under the umbrella of the soil-testing program include county Extension agents, farmers, homeowners, various private businesses, public institutions, scientists, and the general public that may use or be interested in offered services or results of these services. Personnel participate in and make presentations regarding the use of soil, plant, and manure analyses at local, state, regional, national, and international professional organizations including the Southern Extension and Research Activity Information Exchange Group (SERA-IEG6), Soil and Plant Analysis Council, Southern Plant Nutrient Management Conference, Tri-Societies (ASA-SSSA-CSSA) international meetings, the NAPT program, Southern Branch American Society of Agronomy, Arkansas Plant Food Society, county Extension education meetings, and Arkansas Crop Management Conference. PROJECT MODIFICATIONS: Nothing significant to report during this reporting period.
Impacts
The Marianna Soil Test Laboratory performed routine analyses on 120,408 soil samples from 1 January to 31 December 2008. Crop and soil specific fertilizer and lime recommendations were provided with 56,884 samples representing 1,532,805 acres. Soil nutrient concentrations were determined on another 49,470 samples from grid sampled fields and 2,559 samples submitted for research purposes. Another 10,080 samples were standard check soils analyzed for quality assurance and control. A summary of the 2008 soil test results by county, soil association number, soil series, and previous crop will be published in the W.E. Sabbe Arkansas Soil Fertility Studies Research Series in 2010. The total number of soil samples analyzed from 1 January thru 31 December 2009 was 130,260. The Marianna laboratory renewed its certification from the Arkansas Department of Environmental Quality to analyze soil samples according to their QA/QC protocols. The Marianna laboratory also processed and analyzed 108 cotton petiole samples for nitrate-nitrogen, P, and K concentrations and provided supplemental fertilization recommendations. The Fayetteville Diagnostic Laboratory performed fee-based elemental analyses on a total of 27,657 samples including 902 forage, 257 plant and 209 soil (for diagnosis of nutrient deficiencies and/or toxicities), 1,228 dry- and 274 liquid-manure, 12,253 research plant, 3,610 research soil, and 8,752 prepared special samples during 2009. An additional 158 samples were analyzed for strawberry (144) and orchard (14) nutrient monitoring programs with clients from several states. Samples were submitted by growers, the general public, and researchers from various institutions and industries. Liquid swine and dairy manure analyses from 2007-2009 were summarized and used to update information in University of Arkansas Cooperative Extension Service publications. Selected median properties of liquid swine manure (lagoon) produced in Arkansas (n=320) include: 0.32% solids, 7.8 pH, 687 mg total N/L, 102 mg P/L, 551 mg K/L, 59 mg Ca/L, and 440 mg NH4-N/L. Median values of liquid dairy manure (n= 142) were: 2.0% solids, 7.4 pH, 1126 mg N/L, 241 mg P/L, 795 mg K/L, 568 mg Ca/L, and 172 mg NH4-N/L. The laboratory continued to work with the UA Environmental Task Force, Arkansas Natural Resources Commission and USDA on analytical methods that are used in the Arkansas P Index. Research to examine the effect of poultry litter sample homogenization on water-extractable P analysis was performed. Results showed that homogenization tended to decrease variability in water-extractable P (WEP). There was no discernible trend for homogenization to increase or decrease WEP in poultry litter. Both laboratories participated in the North American Proficiency Testing (NAPT) programs operated through the Soil Science Society of America for plant and soil samples to ensure accurate information is provided to clients. The appropriate steps were taken to correct any analytical problems identified by the NAPT program. The Diagnostic Laboratory also maintained certification by the National Forage Testing Association Certification Program and the Manure Analysis Program.
Publications
- DeLong, R.E., S.D. Carroll, N.A. Slaton, M. Mozaffari, and C. Herron. 2009. Soil test and fertilizer sales data: Summary for the 2008 growing season. p.7-15. In N.A. Slaton (ed.) Wayne E. Sabbe Arkansas Soil Fertility Studies 2008. Ark. Agric. Exp. Stn. Res. Ser. 569. Fayetteville, AR.
- Sharpley, A., N. Slaton, T. Tabler, K. VanDavender, M. Daniels, F. Jones, and T. Daniel. 2009. Nutrient Analysis of poultry litter. Univ. Ark. Cooperative Extension Service. FSA9529-PD-6-09N.
- Slaton, N.A. 2009. Potassium drawdown by soils cropped to rice and soybean or bermudagrass forage. p.10-21. In L. Espinoza (ed.). 2009 Southern Plant Nutrient Management Conference. October 6-7, 2009. Olive Branch, MS.
- Wolf, N.A., and N.A. Slaton. 2009. Predicting soil phosphorus saturation using Mehlich-3 extractable nutrients. p.78-84. In N.A. Slaton (ed.) Wayne E. Sabbe Arkansas Soil Fertility Studies 2008. Ark. Agric. Exp. Stn. Res. Ser. 569. Fayetteville, AR.
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Progress 01/01/08 to 12/31/08
Outputs
OUTPUTS: The Marianna Soil Test Laboratory performs routine soil analyses that are free to Arkansas residents and other fee-based analyses such as cotton petiole analysis, soil organic matter content and soil particle size. The Fayetteville Agricultural Diagnostic Laboratory performs fee-based nutrient analyses on soil, plant, manure, other growth media and waste products, and prepared samples that are digested or extracted by clientele. The Fayetteville Diagnostic laboratory also serves to facilitate undergraduate and graduate student learning by performing analyses for various college courses as well as providing students experience in operating laboratory instrumentation. Clientele includes commercial agricultural clients, the general public, and researchers. The overall mission of both labs is to facilitate the implementation and/or research investigation of best nutrient management practices through accurate and precise laboratory analyses to enhance sustainable agricultural production which also sustain and/or improve environmental quality. Results of laboratory analyses are used by commercial growers, businesses, gardeners, and homeowners to determine the nutrient status of plant, soil and manure samples and to determine which and what amount of nutrients are required for optimum plant production, plus monitoring of plant nutrition to diagnose potential nutrient related maladies that may impair soil and/or plant productivity. Analytical data is provided to clients and also used in databases that facilitate nutrient management educational objectives for Arkansas as well as regional, national, and international knowledge. Independent research is sometimes performed by laboratory personnel but is dictated by need. Each year databases of selected analyses are reviewed and summarized for use in statewide educational programs as requested or deemed appropriate. Dissemination of analytical information and nutrient management guidelines is performed from the laboratory directly to the end-user or indirectly via the network of county Extension offices depending on the type of sample and method of submission. The results of annual soil-test results were summarized and published in the Wayne E. Sabbe Arkansas Soil Fertility Studies Research Series published by the University of Arkansas Agricultural Experiment Station. Both laboratories participate in the appropriate North American Proficiency Testing (NAPT) programs administered through the Soil Science Society of America to insure routine analytical procedures are accurate and precise. The Diagnostic Laboratory also maintained certification by the National Forage Testing Association Certification Program for testing forages and feed quality and the Manure Analysis Program (MAP) administered through the NAPT program. The Marianna laboratory renewed its certification from the Arkansas Department of Environmental Quality to analyze soil samples according to their QA/QC protocols. PARTICIPANTS: The project director is Dr. Nathan Slaton, Associate Professor/Director of Soil Testing - University of Arkansas. As project director Dr. Slaton prepares and manages laboratory budgets, manages personnel issues at both laboratories, writes annual reports on laboratory activities, assists in planning and presenting educational related activities at various professional meetings, maintains and updatessoil-test based fertilizer guidelines, and edits the annual Wayne E. Sabbe Arkansas Soil Fertility Studies (University of Arkansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Series). Additionally, Dr. Slaton oversees the Fayetteville Agricultural Diagnostic Laboratory. The soil testing component of the project is co-coordinated with Drs. Leo Espinoza, Soils Specialist University of Arkansas Cooperative Extension Service, and Morteza Mozaffari, Research Assistant Professor and Resident Director of the Marianna Soil Test Laboratory, who perform vital roles in the delivery of soil-test information and implementation and operation of the routine soil testing program based out of the Marianna Soil Test Lab and Little Rock State Cooperative Extension Service Headquarters. Dr. Mozaffari directly manages personnel and daily operations at the Marianna Soil Test Laboratory with primary responsibilities of insuring that soil analysis is performed accurately and timely to facilitate the dissemination of completed soil-test reports containing soil analytical information and fertilizer recommendations as well as cotton petiole analyses. Dr. Mozaffari is aided in overseeing daily lab and program operations by Cindy Herron, Program Technician II; Doug Carroll, Program Associate III; and Diane Lafex, Research Technologist II-Laboratory Manager. The Marianna laboratory is staffed by 10 additional classified employees who prepare soil and cotton petioles for analysis and perform laboratory analyses on prepared samples. Dr. Esponiza coordinates distribution of soil-test reports, communicates with county Extension office staff regarding soil-test reports and analysis problems and other information such as availability of soil-test supplies for clients, and has the lead role in developing educational programs for clientele. County Extension office staff located in 83 offices in 74 counties also play significant roles in facilitating submission of samples and supplies, distributing soil-test reports, and implementing educational programs. Daily operations of the Fayetteville laboratory are managed directly by Nancy Wolf, Program Associate I, with duties of insuring QA/QC of analyses, supervision of three full-time lab classified staff, upkeep of instruments, and insuring timely analysis of submitted samples. Lisa Turner, Accounting Tech II, aids in purchasing and monthly budget reports. Other cooperating faculty include Drs. Tommy Daniel, Brain Haggard, Philip Moore, and Andrew Sharpley. Our laboratory also cooperates with personnel employed by the Arkansas Natural Resources Commission under the leadership of Randy Young. TARGET AUDIENCES: The targeted audience of the programs managed under the umbrella of the soil-testing program include county Extension agents, farmers, homeowners, various private businesses, public institutions, scientists, and the general public that may use or be interested in offered services or results of these services. Personnel participate in and make presentations regarding the use of soil, plant, and manure analyses at local, state, regional, national, and international professional organizations including the Southern Extension and Research Activity Information Exchange Group (SERA-IEG6), Soil and Plant Analysis Council, Southern Plant Nutrient Management Conference, Tri-Societies (ASA-SSSA-CSSA) international meetings, the NAPT program, Southern Branch American Society of Agronomy, Arkansas Plant Food Society, county Extension education meetings, and Arkansas Crop Management Conference. PROJECT MODIFICATIONS: Nothing significant to report during this reporting period.
Impacts
The Marianna Soil Test Laboratory performed routine soil analyses on 115,128 soil samples by the Marianna Soil Test Laboratory from 1 January 2007 to 31 December 2007. Crop and soil specific fertilizer and lime recommendations were provided with 76,385 soil samples representing 1,830,585 acres. Soil nutrient concentrations without recommendations were provided for the remaining 28,017 samples, which represented soil samples from grid sampling, research soils, and samples submitted for diagnostic analyses. Another 9,598 samples were standard check soils analyzed for quality assurance and control of analytical results. A summary of the 2007 soil test results by county, soil association number, soil series, and previous crop will be published in the W.E. Sabbe Arkansas Soil Fertility Studies Research Series in 2009. The preliminary total number of soil samples analyzed from 1 January 2008 to 31 December 2008 is 120,408. The Fayetteville Diagnostic laboratory performed fee-based elemental analyses on a total of 27,626 submitted samples including 1,070 forage samples, 255 plant and 153 soil samples for diagnosis of nutrient deficiency/toxicity, 1,045 dry- and 298 liquid-manure samples, 9,981 research plant samples, 3,262 research soil samples, and 11,384 prepared special samples during 2008. An additional 161 samples were analyzed for strawberry and orchard nutrient monitoring programs with clients from several states. Poultry litter properties from 2005-2007 were summarized and reported for broiler litter. Selected annual (2005-2007) median properties of broiler litter produced in Arkansas (n=297) include: 26-30% moisture; 8.3-8.5 pH, 3.1-3.3% total N, 1.5-1.6% total P, 2.4-2.6% total K, 2.2-2.4% total Ca, 25-28% total C, 3400-3800 ppm NH4-N, and 96-168 ppm NO3-N. Similar information on other litter types (hen, pullet, and turkey) were also summarized. The laboratory continued to work with the UA Environmental Task Force and USDA on analytical methods that are used in the Arkansas P Index. Water-extractable P analysis in poultry litter will eventually be performed by the 1:100 method rather than the 1:10 method that has been used since 2004. Both laboratories continued to participate in the North American Proficiency Testing (NAPT) program operated through the Soil Science Society of America for plant and soil samples to ensure accurate information is provided to clients. The appropriate steps were taken to correct any analytical problems identified by the NAPT program. Routine soil analyses, fertilizer and lime recommendations, and analyses of other samples analyzed for forage quality and byproduct/manure nutrient content were provided to clients with information for nutrient management planning, identifying nutrient deficiencies and toxicities, and aiding numerous local, state, and federally funded research projects. Monitoring trends in soil, plant and manure nutrient concentration and educational programs regarding sound agronomic nutrient management will assist growers in maintaining soil productivity, farm profitability, and avoid the over- and under-use of nutrients that may be economically, agronomically, and environmentally unsound.
Publications
- DeLong, R.E., Carroll, S.D., Slaton, N.A., Mozaffari, M., and Herron, C. 2008. Soil test and fertilizer sales data: Summary for the 2006 growing season. p.7-17. In N.A. Slaton (ed.) Wayne E. Sabbe Arkansas Soil Fertility Studies 2007. Ark. Agric. Exp. Stn. Res. Ser. 558. Fayetteville, AR.
- DeLong, R.E., Wolf, N.A., Villines, C.G., Murdoch, E.C., and Slaton, N.A. 2008. Total and water soluble nutrient contents of poultry litter from Arkansas. In Abstracts [CD-ROM]. 2008 International Annual Meetings. Oct. 5-9, 2008. Houston, TX. ASA-CSSA-SSSA, Madison, WI.
- Slaton, N.A., Massey, C.G., and Norman, R.J. 2008. Fertilization of warm-season forages in Arkansas [on-line]. Available at http://spfcic.okstate.edu/. In W. Alison (ed.) 2008 Proceedings of Southern Pasture and Forage Crop Improvement Conference. 12-14 May, 2008. Knoxville, TN.
- Wolf, N., and Slaton, N.A. 2008. Predicting soil phosphorus saturation using Mehlich-3 extractable nutrients. p.82-85. In N.A. Slaton (ed.) Wayne E. Sabbe Arkansas Soil Fertility Studies 2007. Ark. Agric. Exp. Stn. Res. Ser. 558. Fayetteville, AR.
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Progress 01/01/07 to 12/31/07
Outputs
OUTPUTS: The Marianna Soil Test Laboratory performs routine soil analyses that are free to Arkansas residents and fee-based for out-of-state residents, analysis of cotton petioles to monitor nitrogen and potassium concentrations for a nominal fee, and other fee-based analyses such as soil organic matter content and soil particle size for determining soil texture. The Fayetteville Agricultural Diagnostic Laboratory performs fee-based nutrient analyses on soil, plant, manure, other growth media and waste products, and prepared samples that are digested and extracted by clientele. The Fayetteville Diagnostic laboratory also serves to facilitate undergraduate and graduate student learning by performing analyses for various college courses as well as providing students experience in operating laboratory instrumentation. Clientele includes commercial agricultural clients, the general public, and researchers. The overall mission of both labs is to facilitate the implementation and/or
research investigation of best nutrient management practices through accurate and precise laboratory analyses to enhance sustainable agricultural production which also sustain and/or improve environmental quality. Results of laboratory analyses are used by commercial growers, businesses, gardeners, and homeowners to determine the nutrient status of plant, soil and manure samples, determine which and what amount of nutrients are required for optimum plant production, plus monitoring of plant nutrition to diagnose potential nutrient related maladies that may impair soil and/or plant productivity. Analytical data is provided to clients and also used in databases that facilitate nutrient management educational objectives for Arkansas as well as regional, national, and international knowledge. For example, analytical data from large numbers of manure samples allow for the determination of the range, mean, and median nutrient contents of various animal manures. Independent research is
sometimes performed by laboratory personnel but is dictated by need. Each year databases of selected analyses are reviewed and summarized for use in statewide educational programs as requested or deemed appropriate. Dissemination of analytical information and nutrient management guidelines is performed from the laboratory directly to the end-user or indirectly via the network of county Extension offices depending on the type of sample and method of submission. The results of annual soil-test results were summarized and published in the Wayne E. Sabbe Arkansas Soil Fertility Studies Research Series published by the University of Arkansas Agricultural Experiment Station. Both laboratories participate in the appropriate North American Proficiency Testing (NAPT) programs administered through the Soil Science Society of America to insure routine analytical procedures are accurate and precise.
PARTICIPANTS: The project director is Dr. Nathan Slaton, Associate Professor/Director of Soil Testing - University of Arkansas. As project director Dr. Slaton prepares and manages laboratory budgets, manages personnel issues at both laboratories, writes annual reports on laboratory activities, assists in planning and presenting educational related activities at various professional meetings, maintains and updates soil-test based fertilizer guidelines, and edits the annual Wayne E. Sabbe Arkansas Soil Fertility Studies (University of Arkansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Series). Additionally, Dr. Slaton oversees the Fayetteville Agricultural Diagnostic Laboratory. The soil testing component of the project is co-coordinated with Drs. Leo Espinoza, Soils Specialist University of Arkansas Cooperative Extension Service, and Morteza Mozaffari, Research Assistant Professor and Resident Director of the Marianna Soil Test Laboratory, who perform vital roles in the implementation
and operation of the routine soil testing program based out of the Marianna facility. Dr. Mozaffari directly manages personnel and daily operations at the Marianna Soil Test Laboratory with primary responsibilities of insuring that soil analysis is performed accurately and timely to facilitate the dissemination of completed soil-test reports containing soil analytical information and fertilizer recommendations as well as cotton petiole analyses. Dr. Mozaffari is aided in overseeing daily lab and program operations by Cindy Herron, Program Technician II; Doug Carroll, Program Associate III; and Diane Lafex, Research Technologist II-Laboratory Manager. The Marianna laboratory is staffed by 10 additional non-classified employees who prepare soil and cotton petioles for analysis and perform laboratory analyses on prepared samples. Dr. Esponiza coordinates distribution of soil-test reports, communicates with county Extension office staff regarding soil-test reports and analysis problems
and other information such as availability of soil-test supplies for clients, and has the lead role in developing educational programs for clientele. County Extension office staff located in 83 offices in 74 counties also play significant roles in facilitating submission of samples and supplies, distributing soil-test reports, and implementing educational programs. Daily operations of the Fayetteville laboratory are managed directly by Nancy Wolf, Program Associate I, with duties of insuring QA/QC of analyses, supervision of three full-time lab staff, upkeep of instruments, and insuring timely analysis of submitted samples. Lisa Turner, Accounting Tech II, aids in purchasing and prepares monthly budget reports. The Fayetteville lab also trains graduate students in operating analytical instruments and aids in sample analysis of some university classes. Funding for laboratory operations comes primarily from the Arkansas Fertilizer Tonnage Fees and is supplemented by fee-based services.
TARGET AUDIENCES: The targeted audience of the programs managed under the umbrella of the soil-testing program include county Extension agents, farmers, homeowners, various private businesses, public institutions, scientists, and the general public that may use or be interested in offered services or results of these services. The non-classified laboratory personnel participate and make presentations regarding the use of soil, plant, and manure analyses at local, state, regional, national, and international professional organizations including the Southern Extension and Research Activity Information Exchange Group (SERA-IEG6), Soil and Plant Analysis Council, Southern Plant Nutrient Management Conference, Tri-Societies (ASA-SSSA-CSSA) international meetings, the NAPT program, Southern Branch American Society of Agronomy, Arkansas Plant Food Society, county Extension education meetings, and Arkansas Crop Management Conference.
Impacts
The Marianna Soil Test Laboratory performed routine soil analyses on 112,367 soil samples by the Marianna Soil Test Laboratory from 1 January 2007 to 31 December 2007. Crop and soil specific fertilizer and lime recommendations were provided with 75,538 soil samples representing 1,769,423 acres. Soil nutrient concentrations without recommendations were provided for the remaining 36,829 samples, which represented soil samples from grid sampling, research soils, samples submitted for diagnostic analyses, and standard check soils analyzed for quality assurance and control of analytical results. The Marianna laboratory renewed its certification from the Arkansas Department of Environmental Quality to analyze soil samples according to their QA/QC protocols. The Marianna laboratory also processed and analyzed 2,279 cotton petiole samples for nitrate-nitrogen, P, and K concentrations and provided supplemental fertilization recommendations. The Fayetteville Diagnostic
laboratory performed fee-based elemental analyses on 1191 forage samples, 203 plant and 775 soil samples for diagnosis of nutrient deficiencies and/or toxicities, 815 dry- and 347 liquid-manure samples, 8379 research plant samples, 2806 research soil samples, and 7185 prepared special samples during 2007. An additional 96 samples were analyzed for strawberry (92) and orchard (4) nutrient monitoring programs with clients from several states. Samples were submitted by growers, the general public, and researchers from various institutions and industries. Routine soil analysis was also performed for the NRCS to facilitate writing of nutrient management plans for growers in Northwest Arkansas. Laboratory analyses of two methods to determine (1:10 vs 1:100 manure weight:water volume ratio) water-soluble P in poultry litter were performed in 2006 and summarized in 2007. Data showed water-soluble P performed on moist litter samples was linearly related but the relationship was weak (r2 =
0.57) with the 1:100 extraction procedure extracting more P than the 1:10 method. Both laboratories continued to participate in the North American Proficiency Testing (NAPT) program operated through the Soil Science Society of America for plant and soil samples to ensure accurate information is provided to clients. The appropriate steps were taken to correct analytical problems identified by the NAPT program. The Diagnostic Laboratory also maintained certification by the National Forage Testing Association Certification Program for testing forages and feed quality and the Manure Analysis Program (MAP) administered through the NAPT program. Rice N-fertilizer recommendations were developed for newly released rice cultivars based on multiple site-years of University of Arkansas research with suggested N rates and programmed into the database that generates rice cultivar specific N recommendations.
Publications
- DeLong, R.E., S.D. Carroll, N.A. Slaton, M. Mozaffari, and C. Herron. 2007. Soil test and fertilizer sales data: Summary for the 2005-2006 growing season. p.7-17. In N.A. Slaton (ed.) Wayne E. Sabbe Arkansas Soil Fertility Studies 2006. Ark. Agric. Exp. Stn. Res. Ser. 548. Fayetteville, AR.
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Progress 01/01/06 to 12/31/06
Outputs
Routine soil analyses were performed on 32,396 soil samples by the Marianna Soil Test Laboratory from 1 September 2004 to 31 December 2005. Crop and soil specific fertilizer and lime recommendations were provided with 20,727 of the soil samples representing 699,949 acres. Soil nutrient levels were provided for the remaining 11,669 samples, which represented soil samples from grid sampling, research soils, samples submitted for diagnostic analyses, and standard check soils analyzed for quality assurance and control of analytical results. The results of annual soil test results were summarized and published. The Marianna soil-test lab initiated a change in soil-test procedures on 1 January 2006. Between 1 January 2006 and 31 December 2006 the lab processed another 98,207 soil samples including 8,472 quality control samples and 89,735 client samples. The Marianna laboratory renewed its certification from the Arkansas Department of Environmental Quality to analyze soil
samples according to their QA/QC protocols. The Marianna laboratory also processed and analyzed 6,101 cotton petiole samples for nitrate-nitrogen, P, and K concentrations and provided supplemental fertilization recommendations. The Fayetteville Diagnostic laboratory performed fee-based elemental analyses on 1,009 forage samples, 422 plant and 209 soil samples for diagnosis of deficiencies, 1,438 dry- (1,105) and liquid- (333) manure samples, 7,077 research plant samples, 3,229 research soil samples, and 9,252 prepared special samples during 2006. Samples were submitted by growers, the general public, and researchers from various institutions and industries. The laboratory also initiated independent research to examine the relationship between two methods (1:10 vs 1:100 extraction ratios) used to extract water-soluble P from moist poultry litter. Preliminary data suggest that the relationship between the methods is linear and relatively strong (coefficient of determination >0.70). Both
laboratories continued to participate in the North American Proficiency Testing (NAPT) program operated through the Soil Science Society of America for plant and soil samples to ensure accurate information is provided to clients. The appropriate steps were taken to correct analytical problems identified by the NAPT program. The Diagnostic Laboratory also maintained certification by the National Forage Testing Association Certification Program for testing forages and feed quality and the Manure Analysis Program (MAP) administered through the NAPT program. On 1 January 2006 the Marianna laboratory started using the standard 1:10 (soil:solution) Mehlich-3 soil-test method rather than the modified method (1:7 ratio). New crop fertilization recommendations, many incorporated the most recent research-based correlation and calibration data, were developed to accomodate the different nutrient concentrations extracted by the standard Mehlich-3 method. Numerous presentations and extension
publications were developed to aid clients in understanding the new soil-test reports, nutrient concentration units, and fertilizer recommendations.
Impacts
Routine soil analyses, fertilizer and lime recommendations, and analyses of other samples analyzed for forage quality and byproduct/manure nutrient content were provided to clients with information for nutrient management planning, identifying nutrient deficiencies and toxicities, and aiding numerous local, state, and federally funded research projects. Tracking trends in soil, plant and manure nutrient concentration and distribution of sound agronomic nutrient management recommendations will assist growers in maintaining soil productivity, farm profitability, and avoid the over- and under-use of nutrients that may be economically, agronomically, and environmentally unsound.
Publications
- DeLong, R.E., Carroll, S.D., Slaton, N.A., Mozaffari, M., and Herron, C. 2006. Soil test and fertilizer sales data: Summary for the 2005 growing season. p.7-17. In N.A. Slaton (ed.) Wayne E. Sabbe Arkansas Soil Fertility Studies 2005. Ark. Agric. Exp. Stn. Res. Ser. 537. Fayetteville, AR.
- Espinoza, L., Slaton, N., Mozaffari, M. 2006. The Soil Test Report. [Available on-line]. FSA2153. http://www.uaex.edu/Other_Areas/publications/PDF/FSA-2153.pdf Univ. Ark. Coop. Ext. Serv. Little Rock, AR.
- Espinoza, L., Slaton, N., and Mozaffari, M.. 2006. Understanding the Numbers on Your Soil Test Report [Available on-line]. FSA-2118RV. http://www.uaex.edu/Other_Areas/publications/PDF/FSA-2118.pdf. Univ. Ark. Coop. Ext. Serv. Little Rock, AR.
- Wilson, M., Daniels, M., Slaton, N.A., Daniel, T., and VanDavender, K. 2006. Sampling Poultry Litter for Nutrient Content [Available on-line]. FSA9519. http://www.uaex.edu/Other_Areas/publications/PDF/FSA-9519.pdf. Univ. Ark. Coop. Ext. Serv. Little Rock, AR.
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Progress 01/01/05 to 12/31/05
Outputs
Routine soil analyses were performed on 83,976 soil samples by the Marianna Soil Test Laboratory from September 1, 2004 to August 31, 2005. Crop and soil specific fertilizer and lime recommendations were provided with 53,684 of the soil samples representing 1,375,952 acres. Soil nutrient levels were provided for the remaining 30,292 samples, which represented soil samples from grid sampling, research soils, samples submitted for diagnostic analyses, and standard check soils analyzed for quality assurance and control of analytical results. The results of annual soil test results were summarized and published. The Marianna laboratory renewed its certification from the Arkansas Department of Environmental Quality to analyze soil samples according to their QA/QC protocols. The Marianna laboratory also processed and analyzed 5,079 cotton petiole samples for nitrate-nitrogen, P, and K concentrations and provided supplemental fertilization recommendations. The Fayetteville
Diagnostic laboratory performed fee-based elemental analyses on 1,176 forage samples, 264 plant and 309 soil samples for diagnosis of deficiencies and monitoring nutrient concentrations, 1,682 dry- (1317) and liquid- (365) manure samples, 7,243 research plant samples, 3,378 research soil samples, and 12,035 prepared special samples during 2005. Samples were submitted by growers, the general public, and researchers from various institutions and industries. Both laboratories continued to participate in the North American Proficiency Testing (NAPT) program operated through the Soil Science Society of America for plant and soil samples to ensure accurate information is provided to clients. The appropriate steps were taken to correct analytical problems identified by the NAPT program. The Diagnostic Laboratory also maintained certification by the National Forage Testing Association Certification Program for testing forages and feed quality and the Manure Analysis Program administered
through the NAPT program. A pilot program was initiated to distribute soil-test results and fertilizer recommendations to county Extension offices. Electronic delivery of all soil-test reports will begin in late winter 2006. Existing crop codes and fertilizer recommendations were reviewed and updated based on the most recent research to reflect changes in soil test methodology that will be implemented in 2006. Routine soil analysis is now performed using the published Mehlich-3 procedure (1:10 extraction ratio) to standardize soil-test analytical results with that of other laboratories using the Mehlich-3 extractant. Soil-test reports were also changed to improve appearance and aid the client's ability to interpret the information by adding the soil test level to soil-test P, K, and Zn concentrations. The new soil-test reports also show soil nutrient concentrations in units of lbs/acre and parts per million. A fourth inductively coupled plasma spectrophotometer (September 2005) and a
new soil-drying oven (December 2005) to the Marianna facility were added to the soil testing facility to increase analytical capacity. A new C and N analyzer was also purchased for the Fayetteville laboratory.
Impacts
Routine soil analyses, fertilizer and lime recommendations, and analyses of other samples analyzed for forage quality, byproduct/manure nutrient content evaluation services were provided to clients with information for nutrient management planning, identifying nutrient deficiencies and toxicities, and aiding numerous local, state, and federally funded research projects. Tracking trends in soil nutrient concentration and distribution of fertilizer recommendations with soil-test results will assist growers in maintaining soil productivity, farm profitability, and avoid the over- and under-use of nutrients that may be economically, agronomically, and environmentally unsound.
Publications
- DeLong, R.E., S.D. Carroll, N.A. Slaton, M. Mozaffari, and C. Herron. 2005. Soil test and fertilizer sales data: Summary for the 2004 growing season. p.7-17. In N.A. Slaton (ed.) Wayne E. Sabbe Arkansas Soil Fertility Studies 2004. Ark. Agric. Exp. Stn. Res. Ser. 525. Fayetteville, AR.
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Progress 01/01/04 to 12/30/04
Outputs
Routine soil analyses were performed on approximately 100,134 soil samples by the Marianna Soil Test Laboratory from September 1, 2003 to August 31, 2004. Soil and nutrient management recommendations were provided with 59,535 samples representing 1,618,611 acres. Soil nutrient concentrations were provided for the remaining 40,599 samples, which represented soil samples from grid sampling, research soils, samples submitted for diagnostic analyses, and standard check soils analyzed for quality assurance and control of analytical results. The results of annual soil test results were summarized and published for historical records. The Marianna laboratory renewed its certification from the Arkansas Department of Environmental Quality to analyze soil samples according to their QA/QC protocols. The Marianna Laboratory also processed and analyzed about 6,139 cotton petiole samples for nitrate-nitrogen, P, and K concentrations and provided supplemental fertilization
recommendations to cotton growers and researchers. The Fayetteville Agricultural Diagnostic Laboratory located in Fayetteville, AR performed fee-based elemental analyses on 1,382 forage samples, 305 plant and 321 soil samples for diagnosis of deficiencies and monitoring nutrient concentrations, 1,390 dry- (996) and liquid- (394) manure samples, 9,539 research plant samples, 2,874 research soil samples, and 10,041 prepared special samples during 2004. Samples were submitted by growers, the general public, and researchers from various institutions and industries. Both laboratories continued to participate in the North American Proficiency Testing (NAPT) program operated through the Soil Science Society of America for plant and soil samples to ensure accurate information is provided to clients. The appropriate steps were taken to correct analytical problems identified by the NAPT program. The Agricultural Diagnostic Laboratory also maintained certification by the National Forage Testing
Association Certification Program for testing forages and feed quality and the Manure Analysis Program (MAP) administered through the NAPT program. Historical soil-test data, inorganic fertilizer sales, and estimates of the nutrient contents of animal manure were published to assess the balance and distribution of N, P, and K produced within nine geographic districts within Arkansas. Three districts in eastern Arkansas, which predominately row-crop production areas, had balanced nutrient imports and removals. The western two-thirds of Arkansas, predominately an animal-producing area, had a net positive balance for P and limited nutrient removal. A software program was developed to update reporting of routine soil-test results to clients for soil analyses performed by the Marianna Soil Test Laboratory. County Extension offices will be able to download soil-test reports via the internet which will speed up the delivery of fertilizer recommendations. The Laboratory is preparing to change
from a modified Mehlich 3 to the published Mehlich-3 procedure. Faculty started revising fertilizer recommendations to reflect the changes in soil-test values.
Impacts
Routine soil analyses, fertilizer and lime recommendations, and analyses of other samples analyzed for forage quality, byproduct/manure nutrient content evaluation services were provided to clients with information to improve the profitability of their respective farming operations or supported numerous local, state, and federally funded research projects with similar objectives. Following trends in soil nutrient concentration and distribution of fertilizer recommendations with soil-test results will assist growers in maintaining soil productivity, farm profitability, and avoid the over- and under-use of nutrients that may be economically, agronomically, and environmentally unsound.
Publications
- Herron, C.G., M. Mozaffari, N. Slaton, E. Evans, and S.D. Carroll. 2004. Comparison of analytical results and fertilizer recommendations issued by the University of Arkansas and a commercial lab. In Agronomy Abstracts. [CD-ROM]. Southern Branch Amer. Soc. Agron. Meetings, June 27-29, 2004. Biloxi, MS. ASA, Madison, WI.
- Slaton, N.A., K.R. Brye, M.B. Daniels, T.C. Daniel, R.J. Norman, and D.M. Miller. 2004. Balance Between Nutrient Inputs and Removals for Nine Geographic Regions in Arkansas. JEQ 33:1606-1615.
- DeLong, R.E., S.D. Carroll, N.A. Slaton, and M. Mozaffari. 2004. Soil test and fertilizer sales data: Summary for the 2003 growing season. p. 7-17. In N.A. Slaton (ed.) Wayne E. Sabbe Arkansas Soil Fertility Studies 2003. Ark. Agric. Exp. Stn. Res. Ser. 515. Fayetteville, AR.
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Progress 01/01/03 to 12/31/03
Outputs
Routine soil analyses were performed on approximately 79,000 soil samples submitted to the Marianna Soil Test Laboratory from September 1, 2002 to August 31 2003. Crop and soil specific fertilizer and lime recommendations were provided with 50,630 of the soil samples representing 1,234,963 acres. Routine data from soil analyses were provided for the remaining 29,000 samples, which represented soil samples from grid sampling, research soils, and diagnostic soil analyses for troubleshooting purposes. The Marianna soil test laboratory renewed its certification from the Arkansas Department of Environmental Quality to analyze soil samples according to their QA/QC protocols. The Marianna Laboratory also processed and analyzed about 5,000 cotton petiole samples for nitrate-nitrogen, P, and K concentrations and provided supplemental fertilization recommendations to cotton growers. From 1 July 2002 through 30 May 2003 the Agricultural Diagnostic Laboratory located in
Fayetteville, AR performed fee-based elemental analyses on 1,209 forage samples, 1,043 diagnostic plant and samples for troubleshooting deficiencies and monitoring nutrient concentrations, 1,329 dry and liquid manure samples, 9,913 research plant samples, 2,377 research soil samples, and 7,788 prepared special samples. Samples were submitted by growers, the general public, and researchers from various institutions and industries. Both laboratories participated in the North American Proficiency Testing program operated through the Soil Science Society of America for plant and soil samples to ensure accurate information is provided to clients. In 2002, the results of over 300 routine analyses conducted for quarterly soil samples showed that only 15 and 10 results were outside the control limits, for the Marianna and Fayetteville laboratories, respectively. The appropriate steps were taken to correct analytical errors. The Agricultural Diagnostic Laboratory also maintained certification
by the National Forage Testing Association Certification Program for testing forages and feed quality and the Manure Testing Laboratory Certification Program administered by the Minnesota Department of Agriculture. The two laboratories also participated in a SERA IEG 6 project investigating the differences between colorimetric and ICP Mehlich 3 P. Our two laboratories also completed a project comparing soil organic C and N content of Arkansas soils to the Loss on Ignition method for soil organic matter. The relationship between organic C and N and soil organic matter by Weight Loss on Ignition depended upon land use. Historical soil-test data, inorganic fertilizer sales data, and estimates of the nutrient content of animal manure were made to assess the balance and distribution of N, P, and K produced within nine geographic districts of Arkansas. Results showed the three districts located in eastern Arkansas, which is predominately a row-crop production area, had balanced nutrient
imports and exports (crop removal). The western two-thirds of Arkansas, an animal-producing area, had a net positive balance for P due to intensive animal production and limited crop nutrient removal.
Impacts
Routine soil analyses, fertilizer and lime recommendations, and analyses of other samples analyzed for forage quality, byproduct/manure nutrient content evaluation were provided to clients with information to improve the profitability of their respective farming operations or supported numerous local, state, and federally funded research projects with similar objectives. Following trends in soil nutrient concentration and distribution of fertilizer recommendations with soil test results will assist growers in maintaining soil productivity, farm profitability, and avoid the overuse of nutrients that may be economically, agronomically, and environmentally unsound.
Publications
- DeLong, R.E., S.D. Carroll, N.A. Slaton, and W.H. Baker. 2003. Soil test and fertilizer sales data: Summary for the growing season - 2002. p 9-19. In N.A. Slaton (ed.) W. E. Sabbe Arkansas Soil Fertility Studies 2002. Ark. Agric. Exp. Stn. Res. Ser. 502. Fayetteville, AR.
- DeLong, R.E., N.A. Slaton, K.R. Brye, N.A. Wolf, and M. Mozaffari. 2003. Relationships between organic carbon and other soil chemical properties of Arkansas soils. In Agronomy Abstracts. [CD-ROM]. Amer. Soc. Agron. Meetings, Nov. 2-6, 2003. Denver, CO. ASA, Madison, WI.
- Slaton, N.A., M. Daniels, K.R. Brye, T.C. Daniel, R.J. Norman, and D.M. Miller. 2003. A nutrient use balance assessment for nine geographic regions within Arkansas. In Agronomy Abstracts. [CD-ROM]. Amer. Soc. Agron. Meetings, Nov. 2-6 , 2003. Denver, CO. ASA, Madison, WI.
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Progress 01/01/02 to 12/31/02
Outputs
Routine soil analysis was performed on 84,000 soil samples submitted to the Marianna Soil Test Laboratory from September 1, 2001 to August 31 2002. Fertilizer and lime recommendations were provided for 50,487 of the soil samples representing 1,205,853 acres. Routine soil analysis data was provided for the remaining 34,000 samples which represented soil samples from grid sampling, research soils, and diagnostic soil analysis for troubleshooting purposes. The results of annual soil test results were summarized and published for historical records. The soil test laboratory purchased an autoanalyzer for nitrate nitrogen and other elemental analysis that may be required for both routine soil and water analyses and future environmental monitoring research projects. Instruments needed for soil particle size analysis were also purchased for the laboratories use. The Marianna soil test laboratory under the supervision of new Director Dr. Morteza Mozaffari received
certification from the Arkansas Department of Environmental Quality to analyze soil samples according to their QA/QC protocols in November 2002. From 1 July 2001 through 30 May 2002 the Agricultural Diagnostic Laboratory located in Fayetteville, AR performed fee based elemental analyses on 1090 forage samples, 431 diagnostic plant and samples for troubleshooting nutrient deficiencies, 1,592 dry and liquid manure samples, 10,280 research plant samples, 4,465 research soil samples, and 8,488 prepared special samples. Samples were submitted by growers, the general public, and researchers from various institutions and industries. Both laboratories continued to participate in the North American Proficiency Testing program operated through the Soil Science Society of America for plant and soil samples to ensure accurate information is provided to clients. The Agricultural Diagnostic Laboratory also maintained certification by the National Forage Testing Association Certification Program for
testing forages and feed quality and the Manure Testing Laboratory Certification Program administered by the Minnesota Department of Agriculture. The two laboratories also participated in various regional research projects initiated by SERA IEG 6 investigating the differences between colorimetric and ICP Mehlich 3 P, estimated cation exchange capacity, and lime requirement estimates. The laboratories also initiated a project to compare soil organic C content to the Loss on Ignition method for soil organic matter determination on a wide range of Arkansas soils.
Impacts
Routine soil analyses, fertilizer and lime recommendations, and analyses of other samples analyzed for forage quality, byproduct/manure nutrient content evaluation were provided to clients with information to improve the profitability of their respective farming operations or supported numerous local, state, and federally funded research projects with similar objectives. The addition of new laboratory instrumentation will improve the accuracy, precision, and speed of analysis. Fertilizer recommendations assist growers in maintaining soil productivity, farm profitability, and avoid the overuse of nutrients that may be economically, agronomically, and environmentally unsound.
Publications
- Almeida, A., N.A. Slaton, and R.J. Norman. 2002. Comparison of Mehlich 3 and DTPA extractable Zn on Arkansas soils. p.12 -15. In N.A. Slaton (ed.) W. E. Sabbe Arkansas Soil Fertility Studies 2001. Ark. Agric. Exp. Stn. Res. Ser. 490. Fayetteville, AR.
- Mozaffari, M., D. Carroll, C. Herron, and N.A. Slaton. 2002. University of Arkansas Soil Testing Laboratory at Marianna: Past, present, and future. In Agronomy Abstracts. [CD-ROM]. 94nd Annual Mtg. Indianapolis, IN. Nov. 10-14, 2002. ASA, Madison, WI.
- DeLong, R.E., S.D. Carroll, N.A. Slaton, and M. Mozaffari. 2002. Soil test and fertilizer sales data: Summary for the growing season - 2001. p 1-11. In N.A. Slaton (ed.) W. E. Sabbe Arkansas Soil Fertility Studies 2001. Ark. Agric. Exp. Stn. Res. Ser. 490. Fayetteville, AR.
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Progress 01/01/01 to 12/31/01
Outputs
Routine soil analysis was performed on 95,000 soil samples submitted to the Marianna Soil Test Laboratory from July 1, 2000 to June 30 2001. Fertilizer and lime recommendations were provided for 54,106 of the soil samples representing 1,379,614 acres. Routine soil analysis data was provided for the remaining 41,000 samples which represented soil samples from grid sampling, research soils, and diagnostic soil analysis for troubleshooting purposes. Several changes in analytical methods used in routine soil analysis were also proposed and approved for implementation in 2002. The method of organic matter analysis was changed from the Walkley Black to the Loss On Ignition Method in October 2001 to avoid disposal costs associated with the disposal of the chromic acid used in the Walkley Black method. A new muffle furnace and large desiccator were purchased to aid in this analysis. The modified Mehlich 3 extractant (1:7 extraction ratio) used by the University of Arkansas
Laboratories for approximately 13 years will be replaced by the published Mehlich method (1:10 extraction ratio) in the Fall of 2002. The Agricultural Diagnostic Laboratory located in Fayetteville, AR performed fee based elemental analyses on 1,317 forage samples, 569 diagnostic plant samples for troubleshooting nutrient deficiencies, 1,243 dry and liquid manure samples, 118 broiler litter samples, 32 strawberry monitoring samples, 24 orchard monitoring samples, 14 growing media samples, 8,518 research plant samples, 3,801 research soil samples, and 5,502 prepared special samples. Samples were submitted by growers, the general public, and researchers from various institutions and industries. Both laboratories continued to participate in the North American Proficiency Testing program operated through the Soil Science Society of America for plant and soil samples to ensure accurate information is provided to clients. The Agricultural Diagnostic Laboratory also maintained certification
by the National Forage Testing Association Certification Program for testing forages and feed quality and the Manure Testing Laboratory Certification Program administered by the Minnesota Department of Agriculture. The Agricultural Diagnostic Laboratory also purchased a new Spectro CIRROS ICP in effort to improve services.
Impacts
Routine soil analyses, fertilizer and lime recommendations, and analyses of other samples analyzed for forage quality or evaluation of plant nutrition provided clients with information to improve the profitability of their respective farming operations or supported numerous local, state, and federally funded research projects with similar objectives. The addition of new laboratory instrumentation will improve the accuracy, precision, and speed of laboratory analyses. Fertilizer recommendations assist growers in maintaining soil productivity, farm profitability, and avoid overuse of nutrients that may be environmentally unsound.
Publications
- DeLong, R.E., S.D. Carroll, and W.H. Baker. 2001. Soil test and fertilizer sales data: summary for the growing season 2000. p.1 - 17. In R.J. Norman and S. L. Chapman (eds) Arkansas Sol Fertility Studies 2000. Ark. Agric. Exp. Stn. Res. Ser. 480. Fayetteville, AR.
- Slaton, N.A., R.D. Cartwright, C.E. Wilson, Jr., R.J. Norman. 2001. Symptoms and diagnosis of late-season sulfur deficiency of rice in Arkansas. p.388-394. In R.J. Norman and J.F. Meullenet (eds.) B.R. Wells Rice Research Studies 2000. Ark. Agric. Exp. Stn. Res. Ser. 485. Fayetteville, AR.
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Progress 01/01/00 to 12/31/00
Outputs
Soil testing services have been provided to the state. Over 93,000 soil samples were processed. New automated lab robot systems and computer code were introduced this year. Publications about these systems will be forthcoming.
Impacts
Arkansas farmers are provided soil and analyses for fertilizer and lime recommendations based on University research. These services are provided through the Cooperative Extension Service.
Publications
- No publications reported this period
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Progress 01/01/99 to 12/31/99
Outputs
The Soil Testing Laboratories at Fayetteville and Marianna analyzed 95,520 producer soil samples, 3,505 research soil samples, 13,240 research plant samples, 662 diagnostic plant/soil samples, 4,530 cotton nutrient monitoring samples, 21 orchard and small fruit monitoring samples,1,382 forage samples, 1,667 manure as fertilizer/feed samples, and 7,132 miscellaneous samples in 1999. Research efforts continued on interpretation of Site Specific data for soybeans, corn, wheat, cotton and grain sorghum. The information lab analyses and research is being used to update fertilizer recommendations used by the Arkansas Cooperative Extension Service.
Impacts
(N/A)
Publications
- DeLong, R.E., Carroll, S.D., Chapman, S.L., Sabbe, W.E., and Baker, W.H. 1999. Soil Test and Fertilizer Sales Data: Summary for the Growing Season. Ark Agr Exp Sta Res Ser 463. p. 9-24.
- Sabbe, W.E. and DeLong, R.E. 1999. Grain Yield of Double Crop Wheat and Soybean as Affected by Fertilizer, Lime, and Irrigation. W.E. Sabbe and R.E. DeLong. Ark Agr Exp Sta Res Ser 463. p. 72-74.
- Sabbe, W.E. and DeLong, R.E. 1999. Influence of Phosphorus Plus Potassium Fertilizer on Grain Yield of Continuous Wheat. Ark Agr Exp Sta Res Ser 463. p. 75-76.
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Progress 01/01/98 to 12/31/98
Outputs
(Samples): Cotton Nutrient Monitoring - 3657. Orchard and Small Fruit Monitoring - 37; Corn Sorghum Monitoring - 127. Routine Soil - 108,920; Research Soil - 3347; Research Plant - 9648; Diagnostic Plant/Soil - 539; Forages - 1421; Manure as Fertilizer/Feed - 3779; Miscellaneous - 8107. CONTRIBUTIONS: 1) SERA Soil Test Work Group; 2) Ark Plant Food Educations Society; 3) ACPA and APFES Technical Conference: 4) Beltwide Cotton Conference; 5) Publication of Soil Fertility Research Studies - 1997 Research Series; 6) American Society of Agronomy; 7) Council of Soil Testing and Plant Analysis; 8) University of Arkansas Fertilizer Recommendations were modified to include both soil test P and soul pH for fertilizer phosphorus on rice. Research efforts continued on interpretation of Site Specific data for soybeans, corn, wheat and grain sorghum.
Impacts
(N/A)
Publications
- Arkansas Soil Fertility Studies 1997. 1998. W.E. Sabbe, editor. Ark Agr Exp Sta Res Ser 459.
- DeLong, R.E., Correll, S.D, Sabbe, W.E. and Baker, W.H. 1998. Soil Test and Fertilizer Sales Data: Summary for the growing season. 1997. p. 9-23. Ark Agr Exp Sta Res Ser 459.
- Sabbe, W.E. and Dunham, S.C. 1998. Comparison of Soil Phosphorus Extractants as affected by Fertilizer Phosporus Sources, Lime Recommendations and Time Among Four Arkansas Soils. Commun Soil Sci Plant Anal 29: 1763-1770.
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Progress 01/01/97 to 12/31/97
Outputs
(Samples): Cotton Nutrient Monitoring - 11862. Orchard and Small Fruit Monitoring - 74; Corn Sorghum Monitoring - 29. Routine Soil - 78355, Research Soil - 3819; Site Specific Samples - 17645; Research Plant - 7387; Diagnostic Plant/Soil - 570; Forages - 1619; Manure as Fertilizer/Feed - 892; Miscellaneous - 10989. CONTRIBUTIONS; 1) SERA Soil Test Work Group, Secretary 1990-92, Vice Chairman 1992-94 and Chairman 1994-96; 2) Ark Plant Food Educational Society; 3) ACPA and APFES Technical Conference; 4) Beltwide Cotton Conference; 5) Publication of Soil Fertility Research Studies - 1996 Research Series; 6) American Society of Agronomy; 7) Council of Soil Testing and Plant Analysis; 8) University of Arkansas Fertilizer Recommendations were modified to include a maintenance application rate. Research efforts continued on interpretation of Site Specific data for soybeans, corn and wheat.
Impacts
(N/A)
Publications
- DELONG, R.E., S.D. CARROLL, W.E. SABBE AND W.H. BAKER. 1997. SOIL TEST DATA; SUMMARY FOR THE GROWING SEASON - 1996. PP. 1-11.
- ARKANSAS SOIL FERTILITY STUDIES. 1996, 1997. W.E. SABBE, EDITOR. ARK. AGR. EXP. STA. RES. SER. 455.
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Progress 01/01/96 to 12/30/96
Outputs
(Samples): Cotton Nutrient Monitoring - 10,285. Orchard and Small Fruit Monitoring - 71; Corn Sorghum Monitoring - 58. Routine Soil - 69,792; Research Soil - 5,702; Site Specific Samples - 2996; Research Plant - 7,789; Diagnostic Plant/Soil - 1293; Forages - 1,469; Manure as Fertilizer/Feed - 1,101; Broiler Litter Program - 42; Miscellaneous - 6,915. Cotton production was affected by both the pre-plant N rates and timing of the splits and later-in-season foliar N applications. Apparently the early season splits are effective in increasing lint yield. CONTRIBUTIONS: 1) SERA Soil Test Work Group, Secretary 1990-92, Vice Chairman 1992-94 and Chairman 1994-96; 2) Ark Plant Food Educational Society; 3) ACDA and APFES Technical Conference; 4) Beltwide Cotton Conference; 5) Publication of Soil Fertility Research Studies - 1995 Research Series; 6) American Society of Agronomy; 7) Council of Soil Testing & Plant Analysis; 8) University of Arkansas In Service training
application was proposed for Arkansas crops, especially those under intensive management systems. Recommendations for soil samples taken for site specific management were initiated.
Impacts
(N/A)
Publications
- DE LONG, R.E., CARROLL, S.D., SABBE, W.E. AND BAKER, W.H. 1996. SOIL TEST DATA: SUMMARY FOR THE GROWING SEASON - 1995. PP. 81-93. ARK. AGR. EXP. STA. REP. SER. 450.
- ARKANSAS SOIL FERTILITY STUDIES. 1995, 1996. W.E. SABBE, EDITOR. ARK. AGR. EXP. STA. RES. SER. 450.
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Progress 01/01/95 to 12/30/95
Outputs
The second year of a flooded study involving 50 soybean cultivars within three maturity groups was continued on a silt loam and a clay soil. On the clay soil the flood at the R2 growth state affected over 50% of the MG4 cultivars during a 4-day treatment and killed 100% during a 7-day treatment. The 4-day treatment affected about 50% of the MG V cultivars but produced more drastic effects at the 7-day treatment. Neither the 4-day nor the 7-day treatment affected the MG VI cultivars to any extent. On the silt loam soil essentially no significant effects were noted for any combination of soybean MG, cultivar or flooding duration. A cooperative report of Arkansas and Louisiana produced the following critical nutrient levels in soybean leaf at R2 growth stage: 0.30% P, 1.50% K, 21 mg Zn/kg and 17 mg Mn/kg. A 5 year study revealed that both MG IV and V soybean yields benefited from reducing row width from 36 to 18 inches especially on loessial soils. In a greenhouse study
corn residues incorporated into soil resulted in N immobilization; whereas, soybean residue increased the soil enorganic N content.
Impacts
(N/A)
Publications
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Progress 01/01/94 to 12/30/94
Outputs
(Fields): Cotton Nutrient Monitoring - 1,803; Orchard and Small Fruit Monitoring- 45; Corn Sorghum Monitoring - 31. (Samples): Routine Soil - 56, 364; Research Soil - 10,594; Diagnostic Soil - 102; Research Plant - 20,415; Diagnostic Plant - 123; Cotton Petioles - 13,207; Forages - 1,465; Manure as Fertilizer/Feed - 766; Growing Media - 250. The 1994 season involved research concerning the early-season nitrogen status of the cotton nutrient program. The recommended P and K nutritional status of soils producing rice was increased. This was accomplished by raising the critical P and K soil test levels rather than increasing the fertilizer rates on deficient fields. Organic matter was omitted as a routine analysis. CONTRIBUTIONS: 1) SERA Soil Test Work Group, Secretary 1990-92, Vice Chairman 1992-94 and Chairman 1994-96; 2) Ark Plant Food Educational Society; 3) Ark Soil Fertility Conference; 4) Beltwide Cotton Conference; 5) Publication of Soil Fertility Research Studies
- 1993 Research Series; 6) American Society of Agronomy; 7) Southern Section ASA and 8) European Society of Agronomy.
Impacts
(N/A)
Publications
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Progress 01/01/93 to 12/30/93
Outputs
SERVICE. (Fields): Cotton Nutrient Monitoring-1,762; Orchard and Small Fruit Monitoring-54; Corn Sorghum Monitoring-37. (Samples): Routine Soil-42,644; Research Soil-12,888; Diagnostic Soil-102; Research Plant-12,709; Diagnostic Plant-123; Cotton Petioles-12,549 Forages-1,122; Manure as Fertilizer/Feed-396; Growing Media-250. The 1993 season involved an in-depth study concerning the early-season (pre-bloom) sampling contribution to the cotton nutrient program. Soil nitrates were included as a routine analysis with soluble salts to be included in 1994. Organic matter will be dropped as an analysis. The NIRS approach has shown significant ability to be utilized in soil organic matter studies. A service program to analyze broiler litter for both fertilizer value and feed value for beef cattle has been initiated. CONTRIBUTIONS. 1) SERA Soil Test Work Group, Secretary 1991-93 and Vice Chairman 1993-95; 2) Ark Plant Food Educational Society; 3) Ark Soil Fertility
Conference; 4) Beltwide Cotton Conference; 5) Publication of Soil Fertility Research Studies-1992 research series; 6) International Symposium on Soil Testing and Plant Analysis.
Impacts
(N/A)
Publications
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Progress 01/01/92 to 12/30/92
Outputs
SERVICE: (Fields): Cotton Nitrate Monitoring-2,320; Orchard and Small Fruit Monitoring-76; Wheat Monitoring-66; Corn Sorghum Monitoring-16. (Samples): Soil-59,805; Research Soil-10,216; Diagnostic Soil-177; Diagnostic Plant-131; Research Plant-20,505; Forages-1,136; Manure as Fertilizer-347; Growing Media- 49; Soluble Nutrients (manure)-378; Grape extractant-112; Domestic Water-44; Irrigation Water-9; Poultry Water-25; Pond water-10; Research and SCS/CES Survey Water-1,468. The 1992 season was a success regarding the initiation of public access to the computer, particularly with the cotton nutrient management program. The soil testing program has not been utilized by either county offices or private individuals for recommendations. Instrumentation for the addition of soil nitrates and soluble salts was added; modifications are being implemented regarding fertilizer recommendations. The program now allows for phoshporus (P) fertilization of rice when Mehlich-3 P value
is below 25 lb P/acre. Also, breaking points for soil test potassium (K) were lowered, thus allowing for a more liberal K recommendation. Projects were funded to further define the cotton nutrient management program, especially on fields where cotton was 4 weeks or more past first bloom.
Impacts
(N/A)
Publications
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Progress 01/01/91 to 12/30/91
Outputs
Service: Soil Samples - 54,500; Research Plant Samples - 17,196; Research Soil Samples - 8,792; Cotton Nitrate Monitoring Samples - 22,548; Wheat Monitoring Samples - 387; Corn Sorghum Monitoring Samples - 186; Orchard and Small Fruit Monitoring Samples - 93; Forages - 754; Diagnostic Soil Samples - 56; Diagnostic Plant Samples - 122; Manure as Fertilizer - 223; Domestic Water - 225; Irrigation Water - 40 samples; Poultry Water - 41; pond water - 28; and Research and SCS/CES Survey Water - 1,456. Instrumentation: The County Extension offices were provided the opportunity, through public access telephone lines, to communicate with the laboratory computer during the cotton nutrient monitoring program. This communication will also be available for the entire soil testing program. Modifications for the upcoming season are the addition of soil nitrates and soluble salts for all routine samples. Recommendations: The conversion of recommendation tables to equation-driven is
being contemplated. Initially cotton will be converted followed by other row and field crops, forages and other crops, etc. The addition of a P recommendation on specific soil series for rice and an increase in fertilizer K for cotton. Contributions: 1) SRRIEG-18 Southern Soil Test Work Group, Secretary 1991-93; 2) Arkansas Plant Food Educational Society; 3) Arkansas Soil Fertility Conference; 4) Beltwide Cotton Conference.
Impacts
(N/A)
Publications
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Progress 01/01/90 to 12/30/90
Outputs
Service: Soil Samples - 56,600; Research Plant Samples - 16,805; Research Soil Samples - 5,662; Cotton Nitrate Monitoring Samples - 17,082; Wheat Monitoring Samples - 700; Corn Sorghum Monitoring Samples - 201; Orchard and Small Fruit Monitoring Samples - 79; Forages - 849; Diagnostic Soil Samples - 99; Diagnostic Plant Samples - 219; Manure as Fertilizer - 207; Domestic Water - 353; Irrigation Water - 62 samples; Poultry Water - 37; pond water - 26; and Research Water - 862; SCS/CES Survey Water - 480. Instrumentation: The plasma system was upgraded by the addition of a random access sampler and improved software capabilities that allow for a more rapid sophisticated output. The public access lines of the in-house computer were enhanced by the addition of a menu-driven program at the county extension offices. Recommendations: Soil samples for acid group shrubs, roses and flowers will be analyzed for nitrates and soil content. Codes will be redefined for rice necessary
for phosphorus-deficient, saline and zinc problem fields. Rice variety list will be revised. 'Commercial Pine Plantation' recommendation was added. The pH breaking points for limestone on warm-season grasses was lowered. Contributions: 1) SRIEG-18 Southern Soil Test Technical Committee; 2) Arkansas Plant Food Educational Society; 3) Arkansas Soil Fertility Conference; 4) Council on Soil Testing and Plant Analysis and 5) Beltwide Cotton Conference.
Impacts
(N/A)
Publications
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Progress 01/01/89 to 12/30/89
Outputs
Service: Soil Samples - 51,000; Research Plant Samples - 7,902; Research Soil Samples - 821; Cotton Nitrate Monitoring Samples - 12,000; Wheat Monitoring Samples - 883; Corn Sorghum Monitoring Samples - 157; Orchard and Small Fruit Monitoring Samples - 76; Forages - 903; Diagnostic Soil Samples - 114; Diagnostic Plant Samples - 168; Manure as Fertilizer - 187; Domestic Water - 331; Irrigation Water - 94 samples; Poultry Water - 11; pond water - 22; and SCS Research Water - 331; SCS/CES Survey Water - 1,272. Instrumentation: A wet chemistry nitrate test was adopted for forages, thus eliminating the use of specific ion electrodes. A query system was installed for the soil test data on the mini-computer to assist in obtaining summaries for extension/educational programs. Soil test information form was modified so as to automatically indicate special tests needed for wheat, forages, rice and gardens. Recommendations: Incorporated litter/manure as fertilizer source for
forages, modified nitrogen rate for wheat following fallow, modified P and K rates for soybean dependent upon soil productivity and irrigation. Contributions: 1) SRIEG-18 Southern Soil Test Technical Committee; 2) Arkansas Plant Food Educational Society; 3) Arkansas Soil Fertility Conference and 4) Council on Soil Testing and Plant Analysis.
Impacts
(N/A)
Publications
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Progress 01/01/88 to 12/30/88
Outputs
Routine Soil Samples - 52,000; Research Plant Samples - 8,0000; Wheat Monitoring- 182 fields; Corn Sorghum Monitoring - 8 fields; Cotton Nitrate Monitoring - 1370 fields; Orchard and Small Fruit Monitoring - 96 sites; forage quality - 900 samples; domestic water - 1316 samples; irrigation water - 181 samples; pond water - 50 samples; poultry water - 89 samples; diagnostic soil - 800 samples; diagnostic plant - 125 samples; and miscellaneous - 108 samples. Instrumentation: All instruments were connected to microcomputer for data collection and handling - eseentially no manual transfer is now present. Additional incoming telephone lines were installed allowing county offices to access computer records. A query system is being enacted to assist in producing information regarding soils, crops, soil test values, recommendations, etc. that reside in minicomputer memory. Service Additions: Soil nitrate on wheat-producing fields, add new crop codes/recommendations for
maintenance of CRP cover and for crop rye. Contributions: SRRIEG-18; Arkansas Plant Food Educational Society; Arkansas Soil Fertility Conference; and Council on Soil Testing and Plant Analysis.
Impacts
(N/A)
Publications
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Progress 01/01/87 to 12/30/87
Outputs
Routine soil samples - 52,355 samples; research plant samples - 11,173; wheat monitoring - 237 fields; corn sorghum monitoring - 27 fields; cotton nitrate monitoring - 1351 fields; orchard and small fruit foliar monitoring - 76 sites; forage quality - 650 samples; domestic water - 587 samples; irrigation water - 148 samples; research water - 2954 samples; diagnostic soil - 103 samples; diagnostic plant - 83 smples; and miscellaneous 81 samples. Instrumentation: The inductively coupled argon plasma (ICAP) measures some soil extracts more efficiently than do the older atomic adsorption (AA) and colorimetric methods. The result was a discrepancy between routine ICAP output and that of the backup system. Laboratory studies showed that this discrepancy could be corrected by using soil extractant ratios of 1:7 for ICAP determinations and 1:10 for AA and colorimetric. Extractants: The new Mehlich III (M3) extractant duplicates older extractants when used on the older
highly-weathered soils, but it extracts more of some elements from the younger more-fertile soils. Contributions: 1) SRRIEG - 18; 2) Arkansas Plant Food Education Society; 3) Arkansas Soil Fertility Technical Conference; 4) Council on Soil Testing and Plant Analysis.
Impacts
(N/A)
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Progress 01/01/86 to 12/30/86
Outputs
Routine soil samples - 51,912 samples; research plant samples - 22,902; wheat monitoring - 294 fields; corn and sorghum monitoring - 72 fields; cotton nitrate monitoring - 800 fields; orchard and small fruit foliar monitoring - 82 sites; forage quality - 741 samples; domestic water - 623 samples; irrigation water - 194 samples; research water - 319 samples; diagnostic soil - 875 samples; diagnostic plant - 152 samples; manure/fertilizer - 44 samples; grape juice quality - 1,151 samples; and miscellaneous - 15 samples. Evaluation of the Mehlich III extractant for routine soil test values indicated that P and K correlations were satisfactory. However, the Ca correlation between M III and the present extractants was not as satisfactory. Regardless the M III was inserted as the extractant on September 1, for routine soil testing purposes. A CPU was installed and the complete automation of lab instruments to the CPU is underway. Fertilizer recommendations were modified
as follows: corn (Zn), cotton (K), wheat (S), rice (varieties, N), soybeans (K), pastures and forages (P,K) and several soil notes were modified. Contributions: SRRIEG - 18, Arkansas Plant Food Educational Society, Arkansas Soil Fertility Technical Conference, Council on Soil Testing and Plant Analysis and National Alliance for Crop Consultants.
Impacts
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Progress 01/01/85 to 12/30/85
Outputs
Routine Soil samples - 47,496; Research Plant samples - 16,287; Wheat Monitoring- 161 fields: Corn and Sorghum Survey - 120 samples; Cotton Nitrate Monitoring - 837 fields; Orchard Monitoring - 31 fields; Forage Quality - 730 samples; Domestic Water - 613 samples; Irrigation Water - 191 samples; Research Water - 2,902 samples; Diagnostic Soil - 672 samples; Diagnostic Plant - 218 samples; and Miscellaneous - 175 samples. Fertilizer nitrogen rates were raised for high yield (difference 225 bu/a) corn, irrigated high yield cotton. Sulfur was recommended for wheat grown under high yields for corn and sorghum were changed to the 6 to 8 leaf stage. A Zn recommendation for corn is to be given under certain soil conditions and expected high yield. Fertilizer recommendations for Canada were added. For vegetable crops, dolometic limestone was recommended for low soil Mg levels and nitrogen fertilizer was reduced under certain soil nitrate levels. Further evaluation of the
Mehlich III extractant dictated its adoption starting in 1986. An ICP will be utilized for routine soil and research plant analysis. Contributions: SRRIEG-18, Arkansas Plant Food Educational Society, Council on Soil Testing & Plant Analysis, Arkansas Soil Fertility Technical Conference.
Impacts
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Progress 01/01/84 to 12/30/84
Outputs
Routine Soil samples - 54,656; Research Plant samples - 6,375; Wheat Monitoring - 866 fields; Cotton Nitrate Monitoring - 1,145 fields; Corn and Sorghum Survey - 372 samples; Orchard Monitoring - 61 samples; Forage Quality - 711 samples; Domestic Water - 1,825 samples; Irrigation Water - 143 samples; Research Water - 3,036 samples; Diagnostic Soil - 463 samples; Diagnostic Plant - 493 samples; and miscellaneous - 18 samples. Fertilizer nitrogen rates were raised to 90 and 100 lbs N/a for silt loam and clay soils, respectively. The recommendation for split N applications on wheat were modified so that the total amount will be applied by early jointing. The forage quality determination was changed to the ADF and NDF parameters and the equations necessary to predict TDN. The Mehlich III extractant was shown to be rather pH independent for micronutrient determination. Cu, Zn, Fe, and Mn additions to lime-amended soils were recovered indicating that Mehlich III predict
the availability of these nutrients.
Impacts
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Progress 01/01/83 to 12/30/83
Outputs
Routine Soil samples - 61,200; Research Plant samples - 5,500; Cotton Nitrate Monitoring - 526 fields; Wheat Monitoring - 239 fields; Corn-Sorghum Survey - 124 samples; Orchard Monitoring - 77 fields; Forage Quality -914 samples; Domestic water - 580 samples; Irrigation water - 160 Samples; Soil Diagnostic - 313 samples; Plant Diagnostic - 493 samples; and miscellaneous - 35 samples. Fertilizer recommendations were modified to increase P & K rates in the wheat-soybean doublecrop system. Also the soil pH level at which lime is recommended was lowered on several soil series for soybeans, wheat, and the soybean-wheat cropping system. Fertilizer rates were lowered for forages growing on very low CEC soils. The increased acreage of fallow due to the PIK program caused a modification in the cotton nitrogen fertilizer rates. Preliminary work was initiated to change the forage quality analyses to ADF and NDF. The modifications included determination of the correct
equations to express TDN using the ADF and NDF data.
Impacts
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Progress 01/01/82 to 12/30/82
Outputs
Routine Soil Samples - 57,000; cotton nitrate monitoring fields - 740; water samples - 3176; forage samples - 968; soil diagnostic samples - 636; plant diagnostic samples - 184; plant research samples - 4500; wheat monitoring fields - 239 and miscellaneous samples - 25. Fertilizer recommendations for wheat were modified to include split nitrogen application on silt loam soils known to water log, fall nitrogen applications for late plantings, and fall nitrogen if previous crop was either rice, corn, or sorghum. Also the nitrogen fertilizer rate was increased to 90 lbs. per acre on loessial silt loams. The soil test K level was raised for wheat thereby increasing the K fertilizer amount on soils less than 100 lbs. K./a. A udy dye method for determination of protein in rice leaves was perfected. While age of tissue was not a factor, the variety needs to be known for an accurate estimation. Fertilizer recommendations for bluestems and switchgrass were added to the
program. The minimum phosphorus fertilizer rate was raised to 45 lbs. P(2)O(5)/a for soybeans. Comparison of fertilizer ratios recommended to the fertilizer ratios sold revealed that the sales of the 0-1-2 ratio were replacing the recommended ratio of 0-1-0 and 0-0-1. This probably resulted from the fertilizer dealers lack of a 0-1-0 and 0-0-1 inventory and therefore its 0-1-2 was being substituted. Contributions: Southern Soil Test Work Group, Arkansas Plant Food Educational Society and, Council on Soil Tesing and Plant Analysis.
Impacts
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Progress 01/01/81 to 12/30/81
Outputs
Routine Soil Samples - 72,000 Cotton Nitrate Monitoring Samples - 15,000; Water Samples - 2,170; Forage samples - 868; Soil Diagnostic Samples - 827; Plant Research Samples - 5810; Wheat Monitoring fields - 70 and mescellaneous samples - 37. Information sheets and report forms for the Soil Testing Program were revised as were the fertilizer and lime guidelines. The addition of Na and Mg as test indices made possible the inclusion of CEC, base saturation, K saturation and Mg saturation on the report forms. The salt content garden soils will be measured routinely and recommendation of fertilizer additions based on the salt content, texture and garden crop. The lime requirements for field crops were consolidated into two basic recommendations - one for recent Mississippi alluvium and another for te remainder of Arkansas soils. The lime requirement for forage crops was divided into two areas based on physiographic regions - the Ozark Highlands, Boston Mountains and
Arkansas Valley regions comprise one area; whereas, the remaining physiographic regions comprise the second area.
Impacts
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Progress 01/01/80 to 12/30/80
Outputs
Service Activities and Number of Samples: Routine Soil Samples - 57,166; CottonNitrate Monitoring - 12,351; Water Samples - 1,335; Forage Samples - 1,471; Soil, Diagnostic - 396; Plant, Diagnostic - 118; Plant, Research - 3,563; Miscellaneous - 27. A severe drought in Arkansas resulted in grain sorghum being harvested for hay rather than grain. Concern over the nitrate content allowed the service program to analyze several hundred sorghum hay samples for their nitrate content. Only a small percentage was found to have nitrate levels considered hazardous for feeding purposes. However, many fescue pastures/hay fields that had received chicken litter in the spring contained hazardous levels of nitrate. The entire routine soil testing program was incorporated into a computer operation to be functional in 1981. The fertilizer and lime recommendations for all Arkansas crops were modified for implementation in 1981. Contributions: Southern Soil Test Work Group (served on
committees); Arkansas Plant Food Educational Society (Board of Directors); Council of Soil Testing and Plant Analysis (Chairman for 1979 and 1980), and Council of Agricultural Science and Technology (Board of Directors).
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