Progress 08/27/02 to 08/26/08
Outputs
OUTPUTS: Establishment of a "super fiber quality" nursery with minimum length and strength selection criteria of 1.25 inch and 35 grams/tex respectively has resulted in lines suitable for High Plains cotton production that supersede the quality of previously available breeding material. Fiber quality improvements are evident in breeding lines for length, uniformity, strength, elongation, fineness and maturity. Lines from cold tolerance nursery have been identified with resistance to Rhizoctonia solani and Pythium ultimum. Populations have been screened for resistance to Thielaviopsis basicola and molecular identification tools are being developed. Yield component analysis on high fiber quality lines is studied and variability within fibers per seed has been identified within the breeding lines from 37-140 mg/seed. Salt tolerance screening has resulted in one very promising line to continue research and introgression. Recurrent selection in the drought nursery has resulted in several promising lines in yield testing. Fiber elongation and thrips resistance studies have been initiated. Crosses were made in 2008 with 14 fiber quality sources to 1 verticillium wilt, 1 bacterial blight, and 4 root-knot nematode sources. 2008 yield testing of lines developed for improved cotton production on the Texas High Plains include: Advanced yield trial-23 lines tested, 11 yield component, 6 drought tolerance, 6 fiber quality; Intermediate yield trial-17 lines tested, 3 yield component, 10 drought tolerance, 4 fiber quality; 3 Preliminary yield trials-85 lines tested, 15 yield component, 23 drought tolerance, 17 fiber quality, 14 cold tolerance, 1 bacterial blight, 12 verticillium wilt, 2 root-knot nematode and 1 storm-proof boll source. PARTICIPANTS: Through the life of this project, numerous graduate and undergraduate students have been trained in classical plant breeding techniques by working on the various studies associated with the project. Permanent staff who worked on the project include: Lyndon Schoenhals, Research Associate, Field Breeding; Casey Hardin, Research Associate, Field Breeding; Valerie Morgan, Research Assistant, Statistical Analysis; Mark Arnold, Research Associate, Insect Host Plant Resistance Screening and Graduate Student Coordinator; Monica Sheehan, Research Assistant, Insect Host Plant Resistance Screening; Jimmy Mabry, Research Assistant, Drought Tolerance Screening; Natalia Castillo, Research Assistant, Salt Tolerance Screening Leslie Wells, Research Assistant, Greenhouse Management. Dr. Terry Wheeler, Project Leader for Cotton Pathology, Texas AgriLife Research at Lubbock, provided valuable assistance for seedling disease, root-knot nematode, bacterial blight, and verticillium wilt screening. Dr. Robert Wright, Molecular Geneticist, Texas Tech University and Texas AgriLife Research at Lubbock, assisted with tool development. Dr. Eric Hequet, Associate Professor, Texas Tech University and Texas AgriLife Research at Lubbock, collaborated on fiber quality research. Dr. Randy Boman, Professor and Extension Cotton Specialist - Lubbock, collaborated on variety testing and water X variety interactions. Plains Cotton Improvement Program, administered through Plains Cotton Growers, provides financial assistance. TARGET AUDIENCES: Target audiences include seed companies involved in developing, marketing and distributing cotton seed varieties in the High Plains of Texas, cotton growers, breeders in other regions of Texas and the USA, and academic researchers involved in cotton improvement. PROJECT MODIFICATIONS: Nothing significant to report during this reporting period.
Impacts
325 public germplasm releases have been made through this program since its inception. Since 2002, 21 fiber quality releases, 10 cold tolerant releases, 4 Pythium tolerant releases, 2 root-knot nematode releases and 11 releases for improved yield components have been made available for breeders to incorporate in variety development programs. During the reporting period, more than 20 converted varieties are commercially available that have been developed using one or more of these releases in the breeding process. Demonstrating through multiple grower, seed company and commodity group contacts that it was possible to grow high fiber quality cotton in the High Plains production region has encouraged seed companies developing varieties for the region to focus on improved fiber quality. The overall economic impact has been described in Extension reports authored by Carl Anderson, but specifically the value of lint from the stripper-harvested areas of the High Plains has improved on average from 2-5 cents per pound. As cotton acreage continues to decline in historically high fiber quality areas such as California and parts of the Mid-South, the High Plains region was prepared to fill export demand for high fiber quality which is something that would not have been possible 20 years ago.
Publications
- No publications reported this period
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Progress 01/01/07 to 12/31/07
Outputs
OUTPUTS: Crosses have been made to initiate a study to determine the effect of fiber elongation on spinning performance. Two populations have been developed with a racestock exhibiting resistance to thrips. Plants exhibiting thrips resistance in the F2 generation will be increased and screened for reniform nematode resistance. A screening study of the racestocks for resistance to aphids was initiated. One racestock has been identified that exhibits excellent salt tolerance and populations are being developed for further evaluation. Research findings and germplasm developed from this program are being widely used by plant breeders in the public and private sector.
PARTICIPANTS: Individuals: Lyndon Schoenhals, Casey Hardin, Valerie Morgan, Hardy Parsons, Carol Kelly, Raina King, Erik Everett, Leslie Wells, Jimmy Mabry, Monica Sheehan, Mark Arnold and Natalia Castillo Partner Organizations: Plains Cotton Improvement Program, Texas Department of Agriculture-Food and Fibers Division, Cotton Incorporated-Texas State Support Program, and International Textile Center at Texas Tech University Collaborators: Terry Wheeler, Robert Wright, Randy Boman Eric Hequet and Jim Starr Training: Carol Kelly, Raina King, Erik Everett, Natalia Castillo, Kermit Price and Margaret Shields
TARGET AUDIENCES: Target Audiences: Plains Cotton Growers, Inc., Plains Cotton Cooperative Association, Cotton Incorporated and All US-based public and private cotton breeders Efforts: Provide numerous training opportunities for graduate students, and provide internship programs for undergraduate students
PROJECT MODIFICATIONS: None
Impacts
Due to intellectual property rights, the exact number of marketed commercial varieties that contain germplasm from this program is unknown. The significant improvement in fiber quality of cotton produced on the Texas High Plains has placed our cotton in demand by the textile industry. The quality of our cotton ranks second only to California.
Publications
- Benzina, H., E. Hequet, N. Abidi, J. Gannaway, J.Y. Drean, and O. Harzallah. 2007. Using Fiber Elongation to Improve Genetic Screening in Cotton Breeding Programs. Textile Research Journal, Vol.1, 2007. pp1-9.
- Hague, S., J. Gannaway, and R. Boman. 2007. Combining Ability of Upland Cotton, Gossypium hirsutum L., with Traits Associated with Sticky Fiber. Accepted for publication in Euphytica.
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Progress 01/01/06 to 12/31/06
Outputs
Crosses have been made to combine increased yield potential and high fiber quality with nematode resistance lines and with verticillium wilt tolerant lines. Two intercross breeding projects were initiated in 2006 for nematode resistance and for verticillium wilt tolerance. Preliminary data from the test comparing selection efficiency using AFIS only versus HVI and AFIS data indicate that length distribution is highly heritable. Additional racestocks of cotton are being increased and screened for resistance to numerous biotic and abiotic stresses. Sources of resistance have been identified for black root rot, thrips, bacterial blight, and salt tolerance. A protocol for drought tolerance screening is being evaluated. Research findings and germplasm developed from this program are being widely used by plant breeders in the public and private sector.
Impacts
Due to intellectual property rights, the exact number of marketed commercial varieties that contain germplasm from this program is unknown. The significant improvement in fiber quality of cotton produced on the Texas High Plains has placed our cotton in demand by the textile industry. The quality of our cotton ranks second only to California.
Publications
- Boman, R.K., M.S. Kelley, R. G. Lemon, J.R. Gannaway, and J.C. Banks. 2006. Performance of Roundup Ready Flex Cotton Cultivars in the Southwest in 2005. Proc. Beltwide Cotton Prod. Conference. CD-ROM.
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Progress 01/01/05 to 12/31/05
Outputs
Fiber quality improvements are being made for length, uniformity, strength, elongation, fineness, and maturity. Additional emphasis is being placed on length distribution and short fiber content. The yield decline problem was being addressed by selecting for more fiber weight per seed. This results in selecting for increased seed size. A new method has been developed for testing in 2006. Thirty lines have been identified with rootknot nematode resistance. Crosses have been made to combine high yield potential, increased fiber quality, and nematode resistance. A project has been initiated to determine the effectiveness of using HVI versus AFIS fiber data to develop germplasm. Several hundred racestock of cotton are being increased and screened for resistance to numerous biotic and abiotic stresses. Sources of resistance have been identified for black root rot, aphids, thrips, bacterial blight, and salt tolerance. A protocol for drought tolerance screening is being
tested. Germplasm from this program is widely used by public and private cotton breeders. The high fiber quality germplasm released from this program for use in varietal development has improved the selling price from 2 to 5 cents per pound of lint.
Impacts
About 20 varieties are commercially available that contain germplasm from this program. The significant improvement in fiber quality of cotton produced on the Texas High Plains has placed our cotton in demand by the textile industry. The quality of our cotton ranks second only to California.
Publications
- Nichols, R.L., Murray, A.K., Hague, S. and Gannaway, J.R. 2006. Glycan eligomer profiles of cotton cultivars. Proc. Beltwide Cotton Prod. Conf., San Antonio, TX.
- Boman, R.K., Kelley, M.S., Lemon, R.G., Gannaway, J.R., and Banks, J.C. 2006 Performance of Roundup Ready Flex cotton cultivars in the Southeast6 in 2005. Proc. Beltwide Cotton Prod. Conf., San Antonio, TX.
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Progress 01/01/04 to 12/31/04
Outputs
Fiber quality improvements are being made for length, uniformity, strength, elongation, fineness and maturity. Lines have been identified with strengths in excess of 50 gpt. An effort is underway to solve the yield decline problem. Variability for the amount of fiber per seed ranges from 37 to 140 mg lint. The heritability of this traits is difficult to determine because of environmental influences. Crosses have been made to combine high fiber quality with high lint per seed. Over 700 plants have been selected for further evaluation Several old world cottons are being screened for resistance to numerous biotic and abiotic stresses. Sources of resistance have been identified for black root rot, aphids, thrips and salt tolerance. Several sources of cold tolerance during germination have been identified. An intense effort is underway to improve fiber length, reduce short fiber content and increase elongation while maintaining fiber strength of at least 35 gpt. The
increase in spinning speeds by the textile industry require fiber with increased strength. The economic impact is that low strength cotton is either discounted or not purchased. The high quality germplasm released from this program for use in varietal development has improved the selling price from 2 to 5 cents per pound of lint.
Impacts
About 20 varieties are commercially available that contain germplasm from this program. The significant improvement in fiber quality of cotton produced on the Texas High Plains has placed our cotton in demand by the textile industry. The quality of our cotton ranks second only to Calibornia.
Publications
- Gannaway, J. R., Wheeler, T. A., Boman, R. K., Murphy, M., Nesmith, D., Schoenhals, L., and Morgan, V. 2003. Cotton Performance Tests in the Texas High Plains and Trans-Pecos Areas of Texas. 2002. Technical Report 03-1.
- Gannaway, J. R., Wheeler, T. A., Boman, R. K., Murphy, M., Nesmith, D., Schoenhals, L., and Morgan, V. 2004. Cotton Performance Tests in the Texas High Plains and Trans-Pecos Areas of Texas. 2003. Technical Report 04-1.
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Progress 01/01/03 to 12/31/03
Outputs
Fiber quality improvements are being made for length, uniformity, strength, elongation, fineness and maturity. Lines have been identified with strengths in excess of 50 gpt. An effort is underway to solve the yield decline problem. Variability for the amount of fiber per seed ranges from 37 to 140 mg lint. Studies are ongoing to determine the heritability f this trait. Crosses have been made to combine high fiber quality with high lint per seed. Several old world cotton are being screen for resistance to numerous biotic and abiotic stresses. An intense effort is underway to improve fiber length and reduce short fiber content while maintaining fiber strength of at least 35 gpt. The increase in spinning speeds by the textile industry requires fiber with increased strength. The economic impact is that low strength cotton is either discounted or not purchased. The high quality germplasm released from this program for use in varietal development has improved the selling
price from 2 to 5 cents per pound of lint.
Impacts
About 15 varieties are commercially available that contain germplasm from this program. The significant improvement in fiber quality of cotton produced on the Texas High Plains has placed our cotton in demand by the textile industry. The quality of our cotton ranks second only to Calibornia.
Publications
- Gannaway, J.R., Wheelet, T.A., Boman, R.K., Murphy, M., Nesmith, D. Schoenhals, L., and Morgan, V. 2002. Cotton Peformance Tests in the Texas High Plains and Trans-Pecos Areas of Texas 2002. Technical Report 03-1.
- Wheeler, T.A., Xiang, Z., Peffley, E.B., and Gannaway, J.R. 2003. The effect of Chitinase and 1,3-Glucanase Genes in Transfored Cotton on Diseases. 2003 Beltwide Cotton Conferences, Memphis, TN, p. 213-221.
- Sagaram, U.S., Schuster, G.L., Thompson, R.A., Wheeler, T.A., and Gannaway, J.R. 2003. Performance of Commercial Cotton Cultivars Against Bacterial Blight Pathogen in the Texas High Plains. 2003 Beltwide Cotton Conferences, Memphis, TN, p. 257-260.
- Boman, R.L., Kelley, J., Gannaway, J.R., and Keeling, J.W. 2003. To Spray or Not to Spray Roundup Ready Cotton Cultivars in Small-Plot Performance Trials. 2003 Beltwide Cotton Conferences, Memphis, TN, p. 878.
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Progress 01/01/02 to 12/31/02
Outputs
Fiber quality improvements are being made for length, uniformity, strength, elongation, fineness and maturity. Lines have been identified with strengths in excess of 50 gpt. Several lines from the cold tolerance nursery have resistance to Rhizoctonia solani and Pythium ultimum. A fiber quality nursery has been established for germplasm with lengths of at least 1.25 in and 35 gms/tex. Only materials with at least 85 mg/lint/seed has been established. Populations are being generated for isolation of resistance to Thielaviopsis basicola. Several old world cottons are being screened for salt and drought tolerance. The increase in spinning speeds by the textile industry requires fiber with increased strength. The economic impact is that low strength cotton is either discounted or not purchased. The high quality germplasm released from this program for use in varietal development has improved the selling price from 2 to 5 cents per pound of lint.
Impacts
About 15 varieties are commercially available that contain germplasm from this program. The significant improvement in fiber quality of cotton produced on the Texas High Plains has placed our cotton in demand by the textile industry. The quality of our cotton ranks second only to California.
Publications
- Gannaway, J. R., Wheeler, T. A., Boman, R. K., Murphy, M., Nesmith, D., Schoenhals, L., and Morgan, V. 2002. Cotton Performance Tests in the Texas High Plains and Trans-Pecos Areas of Texas 2001. Technical Report 02-1.
- Hague, S.S., Nichols, R.L., Gannaway, J.R. and Boman, R.K. 2002. Relationship of Plant Sugars and Environment to Stickiness in West Texas Cotton. 2002 Beltwide Cotton Conferences, Atlanta, GA. (On CD-ROM)
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Progress 01/01/01 to 12/31/01
Outputs
Fiber quality improvements are being made for length, uniformity, strength, elongation, fineness and maturity. Lines have been identified with strengths in excess of 50 gpt. Several lines from the cold tolerance nursery have resistance to Rhizoctonia solani and Pythium ultimum. Inheritance studies to determine the number of genes involved in fiber weight per seed are underway. The diploid line resistant to aphids is being converted to a tetraploid. Populations are being generated for isolation of resistance to Thielaviopsis basicola. Several old world cottons are being screened for salt and drought tolerance. The increase in spinning speeds by the textile industry requires fiber with increased strength. The economic impact is that low strength cotton is either discounted or not purchased. The high quality germplasm released from this program for use in varietal development has improved the selling price from 2 to 5 cents per pound of lint.
Impacts
About 15 varieties are commercially available that contain germplasm from this program. The significant improvement in fiber quality of cotton produced on the Texas High Plains has placed our cotton in demand by the textile industry. The quality of our cotton ranks second only to California.
Publications
- Wheeler, T.A., Gannaway, J.R., Fichtner, S., and Yang. S. 2001. The Performance of Breeding Lines with Partial Resistance to Pythium ultimum and Rhizoctonia solani. 2001 Proceedings Beltwide Cotton Conference, p. 141.
- Carmichael, D., Hopper, N., Zartman, R., Elam, E., Boman, R., and Gannaway, J. 2001. The Effect of Selected Harvest Aid Chemicals Applied at Various Times on Seed Quality. 2001 Proceedings Beltwide Cotton Conference, p. 448.
- Haigler, C.H., Hequet, E.F., Holaday, A.S., Krieg, D.R., Strauss, R.E., Wyatt, B.G., Gannaway, J.R., and Jividen, G.M. 2001. Update on the Performance of Transgenic Cotton Over Expressing Sucrose Phosphate Synthase. 2001 Proceeding Beltwide Cotton Conference, p. 1416.
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Progress 01/01/00 to 12/31/00
Outputs
Fiber quality improvements are being made for length, uniformity, strength, elongation, fineness and maturity. Lines have been identified with strengths in excess of 50 gpt. Several lines from the cole tolerance nursery have resistance to Rhizoctonia solani and Phythium ultimum. Inheritance studies to determine the number of genes involved in aphid resistance are underway. The diploid line resistant to aphids is being converted to a tetraploid. Populations are being generated for isolation of resistance to Thielaviopsis basicola. Serval old world cotton are being screened for salt and drought tolerance.
Impacts
About 15 varieties are commercially available that contain germplasm from this program. The significant improvement in fiber quality of cotton produced on the Texas High Plains has placed our cotton in demand by the textile industry. The quality of our cotton ranks second only to California.
Publications
- Blair, L.K., Dotray, P.A., Keeling, J.W., Gannaway, J.R., Lyon, L.L., Quisenberry, J.E., Oliver, M.J. 2000. Crop tolerance and weed management in Liberty (glufosinate)-tolerant cotton. 2000 Proceedings Beltwide Cotton Conferences, p. 1458.
- Boman, R., Kelley, M., Keeling, W., Gannaway, J., and Dotray, P. 2000. Performance of Roundup Ready (glyphosate-tolerant) cotton cultivars in the Texas High Plains. 2000 Proceedings Beltwide Cotton Conferences, p. 1464.
- Duesterhaus, B., Hopper, N., Gannaway, J., and Valco, T.D. 2000. A screening test for the evaluation of tolerance in cottonseed germination and emergence. 2000 Proceedings Beltwide Cotton Conferences, p. 596.
- Franklin, S., Hopper, N., Gannaway, J., and Boman, R. 2000. Effect of various intra-row skips, plant populations, and irrigation levels on development and yield in cotton. 2000 Proceedings Beltwide Cotton Conferences, p. 604.
- Haigler, C.H., Marking, L.K., Bummala, J., Cai, W., Keating, K., Anconetani, R., Holaday, A.S., Jividen, G.J., and Gannaway, J.R. 2000. Mechanisms by which fiber quality and fiber and seed weight can be improved in transgenic cotton growing under cool night temperatures. 2000 Proceedings Beltwide Cotton Conferences, p. 483.
- Wheeler, T.A., Gannaway, J.R., and Kaufman, H.W. 2000. The relationship between incidence of verticillium wilt and reflectance in a wilt nursery. 2000 Proceedings Beltwide Cotton Conferences, p. 134.
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Progress 01/01/99 to 12/31/99
Outputs
Fiber quality improvements are being made for length, uniformity, strength, elongation, fineness and maturity. Lines have been identified with strengths in excess of 50 gpt. Several lines from the cold tolerance nursery have resistance to Rhizoctonia solani and Phythium ultimum. Inheritance studies to determine the number of genes involved in aphid resistance are underway. The diploid line resistant to aphids is being converted to a tetraploid. Populations are being generated for isolation of resistance to Thielaviopsis basicola. Several old world cottons are being screened for salt and drought tolerance.
Impacts
About 15 varieties are commercially available that contain germplasm from this program. The significant improvement in fiber quality of cotton produced on the Texas High Plains has placed our cotton in demand by the textile industry. The quality of our cotton ranks second only to California.
Publications
- Hague, S., Nichols, R.L., Gannaway, J.R., and Wyatt, B. 1999. Harvest Dates and Treatments Affect Stickiness and Sugars in West Texas Cotton Varieties. Beltwide Cotton Production Conference, Orlando, Florida. pp. 540.
- Reed, B., Gannaway, J.R., Rummel, D.R., and Thorvilson, H.G. 1999. Screening for Resistance in Cotton Genotypes to Aphis gossypii Glover, the Cotton Aphid. Beltwide Cotton Production Conference, Orlando, Florida, pp. 1002.
- Wheeler, T.A., and Gannaway, J.R. 1998. Effect of Cotton Pathogens on Disease Symptoms and Yield of Cotton Varieties in Large Plot Field Trials. Beltwide Cotton Production Conference, San Diego, CA pp. 165-168.
- Gannaway, J.R., Wheeler, T.A., Boman, R.K., Murphy, M., Schoenhals, L., Morgan, V. 1998. Cotton Performance Tests in the Texas High Plains and Trans-Pecos Areas of Texas 1998. Technical Report No. 99-1
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Progress 01/01/98 to 12/31/98
Outputs
Fiber quality improvements are being made for length, uniformity, strength, elongation, fineness and maturity. Lines have been identified with strengths in excess of 50 gpt. Several lines from the cold tolerance nursery have resistance to Rhizoctonia solani. Inheritance studies to determine the number of genes involved in aphid resistance are underway. The diploid line resistant to aphids is being converted to a tetraploid. Apparent resistance to Pythium ultimum has been identified.
Impacts
(N/A)
Publications
- Gannaway, J.R., Wheeler, T.A., Moore, J., Boman, R., Murphy, M., Schoenhals, L., Morgan, V. 1998. Cotton Performance Tests in the Texas High Plains and Trans-Pecos Areas of Texas 1997. Technical Report NO. 98-2.
- Boman, R.K., Kafuman, H.W., Leser, J.L., Crumely, C., Doederlien, T., Kidd, P., Bordovsky, J.P., Gannaway, J.R., Keeling, J.W., Wheeler, T.A., Hopper, N., Dotray, P.A., and Brashears, A. 1998. Putting it All Together in the Texas High Plains: A Producers Workshop. Beltwide Cotton Production Conferences, San Diego, CA. pp. 83.
- Wheeler, T.A., and Gannaway, J.R. 1998. Effect of Cotton Pathogens on Disease Symptoms and Yield of Cotton Varieties in Large Plot Field Trials. Beltwide Cotton Production Conference, San Diego, CA. pp. 165-167.
- Dotray, P.A., Keeling, J.W., Gannaway, J.R., Blair, L.K., Quisenberry, J.E., and Oliver, M.J. 1998. Performance of Liberty-Tolerant Cotton. Beltwide Cotton Production Conference, San Diego, C.A. p. 860.
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Progress 01/01/97 to 12/31/97
Outputs
A technique has been identified that should enable us to make significant improvements in lint yield. This technique involves using major factors contributing to yield. Fiber quality improvements are increasing for length, uniformity, strength, elongation, fineness and maturity. Lines have been identified with strengths in excess of 40 gpt. An excellent source of resistance to Thielaviopsis basicola has been identified in a diploid species. Proven breeding methodologies are being used to transfer this trait to Gossypium hirsutum L. Significant genotypic differences have been noted for resistance to Aphis gossypii. Further evaluation and analyses will determine the source of this resistance. Genotypic differences can now be readily identified concerning the propensity to produce `sticky cotton' due to non-insect related factors.
Impacts
(N/A)
Publications
- Henard, R.D., Gannaway, J.R., and Wheeler, T.A. 1997. Screening for resistance in Upland cotton (Gossypium Hirsutum L.) to Pythium ultimum. Proc. Beltwide Cotton Production Conferences, New Orleans, L.A. pp. 118.
- Deluca, L.B., Thibodeaux, D.P., and Gannaway, J.R. 1997. The importance of fiber properties in evaluating west Texas cotton. Proc. Beltwide Cotton production Conferences, New Orleans, LA. pp. 544.
- Schultze, D., Hopper, N.W. , Gannaway, J.R., and Jividan, G. 1997. Evaluation of chilling tolerance in cotton genotypes. Proc. Beltwide Cotton production Conferences, New Orleans, LA. pp. 1383-1385.
- Gerik, T.J., Gannaway, J.R., El-Zik, K.M., Fauer, K.L., and Thaxton, P.M. 1997. Relationship between carbon isotope discrimination and cotton yield. Proc. Beltwide Cotton Production Conferences, New Orleans, LA. pp. 1499.
- Wheeler, T.A., Gannaway, J.R., Kaufman, H.W., Dever, J.K., Mertley, J.C., and Keeling, J.W. 1997. Influence of Tillage, Seed Quality, and Fungicide Seed Treatments on Cotton Emergence and Yield. J. Prod. Agric., Vol. 10, No. 3, pp. 394
- Wheeler, T.A. and Gannaway, J.R. 1997. Interaction of Thielaviopsis basicola with Pythium spp. and Rhizoctonia solani. Proc. Beltwide Cotton Production Conferences, New Orleans, L.A. pp. 77-79.
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Progress 01/01/96 to 12/30/96
Outputs
Eight hundred sixty-one cross pollinations were made in 1996. Upland glandless types hybridized with glanded lines accounted for 61 combinations. Combinations for drought tolerance numbered 162. Eighty-five crosses were made utilizing germplasm resistant to Pythium spp. And Thieleviopsis spp. Ninety new combinations were made to improve resistant to pink bollworm. Cottons with fiber that is fine and mature were crossed with lines exhibiting excellent combinations of fiber length parameters (126 combinations). Crosses attempting to improve fiber elongation numbered 55. The number of combinations made to combine high lint percent with high fiber strength was 220. Seventy-five combinations were made combining rootknot nematode resistance with lines exhibiting highly suitable agronomic properties. Twenty performance tests were planted in five locations with cotton strains developed by TAES-Lubbock. Eight locations were utilized to plant a total of 62 progeny tests for
evaluation. The third year of a multi-year project to determine to the cause of non-insect related stickiness in cotton fiber is complete. The information from this study will be incorporated into our breeding program. Seed quality evaluations include oil, protein, amino acid makeup, seed size, percent free fatty acid and aflatoxin content.
Impacts
(N/A)
Publications
- GERIK, T.J., GANNAWAY, J.R., EL-ZIK, K.M., FAVER, K. L., and THAXTON, P.M. 1996. Identifying High Yield Cotton Varieties with Carbon Isotope Analysis. Beltwide Cotton Conferences. New Orleans, LA.
- COSS, J. L., GANNAWAY, J.R. and HOPPER, N.W. 1996. Cottonseed Quality Factors. Beltwide Cotton Conferences. New Orleans, LA.
- SCHULZE, D.H., HOPPER, N.W., GANNAWAY, J. R., and JIVIDEN, G.M. 1996 Laboratory Tests Used To Screen For Chilling Tolerance In Cotton Genotypes. Beltwide CottonConferences. New Orleans, LA.
- HAGUE, S.H. and GANNAWAY, J.R. 1996. Non-Insect Related Sticky Cotton, Beltwide Cotton Conferences. New Orleans, LA.
- GANNAWAY, J.R., WHEELER, T. A., MOORE, J., HAKE, K., MURPHY, M., SCHOENHALS, L., and COSS, J.L. 1996. Cotton Performance Tests in the Texas High Plains and Trans-Pecos Areas of Texas 1995. Technical Report No. 96-1.
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Progress 01/01/95 to 12/30/95
Outputs
Five hundred seventy-six cross pollinations were made in 1995. Upland types hybridized with Pima accounted for 20 combinations. Twenty-one combinations were made using a herbicide tolerant line as one parent. Cottons with fiber that is fine and mature were crossed with lines exhibiting excellent combinations of fiber length parameters (126 combinations). Crosses attempting to improve fiber elongation numbered 55. Forty-two intercrosses involving 13 highly mature, high micronaire lines were made. The number of combinations made to combine high lint percent with high fiber strength was 144. Seven different lines exhibiting significant levels of rootknot nematode resistance were each crossed with 14 lines exhibiting highly suitable agronomic properties. Two storm resistant lines were each crossed with 35 high quality lines with an open-boll type. Seventeen performance tests were planted in seven locations with cotton strains developed by TAES-Lubbock. Five locations were
utilized to plant a total of 55 progeny tests for evaluation. The second year of a three year project to determine to the cause of non-insect related stickiness in cotton fiber is complete. The information from this study will be incorporated into our breeding program. Seed quality evaluations include oil, protein, amino acid makeup, seed size, percent free fatty acid and aflatoxin content.
Impacts
(N/A)
Publications
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Progress 01/01/94 to 12/30/94
Outputs
Twenty-three total preliminary strains tests composed of experimental entries developed in the TAES Cotton Improvement Program in Lubbock were planted at ten locations. These experimentals are high fiber quality lines that will be considered for release as germplasms. Six hundred forty one cross pollination combinations were completed in 1994. Storm resistant boll types hybridized with excellent fiber quality comprised 341 combinations. Gossypol-free crosses consisted of 33 for strength, 12 for verticillium wilt tolerance, 12 for fiber fineness and maturity, and 12 for plant and boll type. Other combinations were: fiber strength and verticillium wilt tolerance (55), fiber strength and plant/boll type (55), and fiber strength with fiber elongation (121). Fertility restoration test-crosses were made utilizing 52 potential fertility restoration lines. Sixty-five progeny tests were planted over four locations. From these nurseries approximately 10,000 plants will be
selected for harvest and further testing.
Impacts
(N/A)
Publications
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Progress 01/01/93 to 12/30/93
Outputs
Fiber Quality: With the combination of increased lint percentage into the majority of the germplasm in this program, this now provides the opportunity to make significant improvements in fiber length and length uniformity. Other properties undergoing breeding improvement are fiber elongation, the area under the stress-strain curve and various surface properties. Approximately 850 hybrid combinations were made in the summer of 1993 to develop populations to achieve these fiber quality goals in concert with other objectives such as plant conformation, cold tolerance, resistance to the seedling disease complex and Verticillium wilt, earliness of crop maturity, drought tolerance, salt tolerance and acceptable yield potential. Plant Conformation: A germplasm line was developed that exhibits the columnar growth habit. The primary phenotypic expression of this trait is reduced internode length. The plant type was developed to determine the impact of plant conformation upon
non-lint content, primarily bark. Preliminary data show a significant reduction in non-lint content of the columnar line.
Impacts
(N/A)
Publications
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Progress 01/01/92 to 12/30/92
Outputs
Fiber Quality: The combination of enhanced fiber quality with improved yield potential, increased levels of lint percentage and acceptable agronomic properties is evidenced in the most recent cycle of materials having undergone performance evaluation. The negative association between increased fiber quality and lint percentage has been overcome in a limited number of germplasm sources. Fiber fineness and maturity are being combined with other high quality factors to expand the utilization of West Texas cottons. Preliminary data from a selection study indicate that bulking following fiber quality evaluation on an individual plant basis may be an effective method of selection within materials that have been advanced to at least the F(subscript 6) generation. Plant Conformation: This study was undertaken in an effort to reduce non-lint content, primarily bark. These germplasm lines exhibit reduced internode length. The absence of monopodial branches results in a very
compact fruiting habit. Preliminary data indicate that this plant type will significantly reduce the bark content in lint.
Impacts
(N/A)
Publications
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Progress 01/01/91 to 12/30/91
Outputs
Yield enhancement: Materials developed within this program and included in strains performance testing program were yield competitive with leading commercial cultivars. Lower inherent lint percentage was a trait associated with many of these strains. An increase in 2-3 percentage points lint percent would have allowed these strains to be superior in yield to commercial cultivars. All of the high fiber quality strains were removed from the testing program and reselection initiated to attempt to overcome this yield deficiency. A selection methodology study was initiated in 1990 to combine increasing yield potential and improved fiber quality. This study will continue for four years. Seed density: This study was completed in 1990. Preliminary data suggest that seed of medium high density are superior in yield and quality to the high density seed. Fiber quality: The 146 populations combining improved fiber quality and various plant conformations exhibited tremendous
variability. The introgression of improved fiber length and strength characteristics into earlier maturing plant types is progressing successfully. Genotypes exhibiting unique fiber traits have been increased for large scale processing tests. Results of these tests will be incorporated into computer software to evaluate economic importance of fiber traits and yield.
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Progress 01/01/90 to 12/30/90
Outputs
Fiber Quality: Improvements in yield potential are being combined with the enhanced fiber quality. Several strains have been yield tested at several locations. None of the strains outyielded the commercial check. However, most of the strains were competitive from a yield standpoint while almost all of the strains produced fiber superior to the commercial check. The 146 new populations generated in 1989 in an attempt to combine high fiber quality with other agronomic properties of stripper harvested cotton could not be evaluated as F(2)'s in 1990 due to the lateness in which the seeds were received from the winter nursery. Hybrid Cotton: Ten fertility restoration lines were increased for release in 1991. At this same time, 12-14 sterile and maintenance lines will be considered for release. Disease Resistance: The incidence and severity of Verticillium wilt in 1990 was extremely high. Materials that had previously exhibited some level of resistance were completely
killed by the disease. Only a limited number of plant selections were made from within the wilt nursery.
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Progress 01/01/89 to 12/30/89
Outputs
Fiber Quality: Approximately 250 individual plant selections were made in 1988 combining excellent fiber quality with increased yield potential. Approximately 100 of the earliest maturing F(2) plant selections exhibited fiber strengths in excess of 28 gms/tex and lengths greater than 1.10 in. 146 new populations were created to enhance all fiber and agronomic properties of stripper harvested cottons with the stormproof boll conformation. Hybrid Cotton: A fiber variability study was completed in 1989 and results will be published in 1990. The data are encouraging for the production of F(2) hybrids. This is the third year of a study that will require approximately five years to complete in which fertility restoration lines are being developed that possess fertile cytoplasm. The purpose of this study is to determine the impact of fertile cytoplasm upon fertility restoration. Disease Resistance: Individual plant selections made within the Vert nursery are being evaluated
for agronomic and fiber properties. Promising lines will be increased in 1990 and released in 1991. Two strains selected in 1987 were evaluated in performance tests in 1988 and 1989. Various pathogens have been identified from plants naturally infested with what has been called the Ascochyta blight pathogen; however, no Ascochyta sp. have been identified.
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Progress 01/01/88 to 12/30/88
Outputs
Eight experimental breeding lines from Strains Test #1 and six entries from Strains Test #2 have been selected for release in 1989. These materials exhibit increased yield potential in combination with high levels of fiber quality and acceptable levels of crop maturity. The interest among commercial companies in the use of F(2) hybrids is expanding. The F(2) generation is the one in which we observe maximum variability for all traits. Preliminary data from a study designed to compare the fiber variability for four parents, the F(1)'s and the F(2)'s on a single plant basis suggest that the variability in the F(2) population should not be detrimental to spinning performance if the parental lines were rather similar in fiber properties. Seveal individual plants were selected in the F(3) population combining cold tolerant lines with high fiber quality lines. Variability within these populations was tremendous due to the diversity of the parental lines. The majority
of the drought tolerance portion of this program is being conducted at Pecos, Texas where the annual rainfall is only 7 inches. Several hundred plants have been selected which exhibited a significant increase in boll production over the more susceptible lines.
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Progress 01/01/87 to 12/30/87
Outputs
Fifty-nine germplasm sources exhibiting excellent levels of fiber tensile strength were selected for seed increase. These lines will be released in 1987. Several of these sources exhibited micronaire values below the premium range. Fiber maturity measurements indicated that the majority of these discount cottons were highly mature further indicating that micronaire is not a reliable measurement of maturity. Several commercial companies have initiated programs to develop and release F(2) generation hybrids. This is the generation in which we observe maximum variability for all traits. A program has been initiated to compare the fiber variability for four (4) parents; the F(1)'s and the F(2)'s on a single plant basis. Cold tolerant, early maturing lines have been acquired from Korea. These materials were crossed with several later maturing, high quality lines in an attempt to combine cold tolerance, early maturity and high fiber quality. The F(1)'s will be grown
in Mexico for evaluation as F(2)'s in 1987. Two cotton cultivars were planted in clean till and no till plots with wheat stubble. When the wheat stubble was incorporated into the area immediately surrounding the seed, major differences were observed between the two culivars for germination, emergence and yield.
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Progress 01/01/86 to 12/30/86
Outputs
Cotton cultivars with higher levels of fiber tensile strength exhibited less fiber length damage when processed utilizing various levels of lint cleaning. Nep formation was increased slightly with increased levels of lint cleaning. Increasing fiber tensile strength should allow for more lint cleaning at the gin resulting in higher grades and increased returns to the producer. The preferred level of cotton fiber fineness is not in excess of 120 millitex with a maturity level of at least 85%. Numerous breeding lines have been identified which exhibit these traits. Crosses have been made in an effort to combine these two traits with high strength, relatively long fibered types. A laboratory technique for protein identification is being utilized to enable rapid identification of nematode resistance in cotton germplasm. Cottons exhibiting potential resistance will be field tested for verification. Lint contaminants, primarily bark, have resulted in annual price
discounts of about $60 million to cotton producers in Texas. Most of this bark results from excess vegetative growth. Plant types have been identified for use in harvesting studies to determine their impact upon bark content.
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Progress 01/01/85 to 12/30/85
Outputs
Thirty-six (36) hybrids developed using TAES breeding materials were performancetested. Eight (8) of these hybrids outyielded the top commercial cultivar which produced 397 lbs. lint/A. The top yielding hybrid produced 452 lbs. lint/A, a 13.8 percent increase. Ninety-six (96) hybrids from TAES materials are currently being performance tested. Two new sources of high fiber strength germplasm exhibited strengths in excess of 28 gms/tex in association with earliness of crop maturity and promising yield potential. These two lines are being increased for further testing and potential release as germplasm sources. Preliminary data from a study in cooperation with the USDA Ginning Laboratory comparing various ginning and cleaning treatments on cotton exhibiting varying strength levels indicate that increased fiber tensile strength allows for more aggressive fiber cleaning without increasing fiber damage. Data are currently being compiled concerning the impact of the
most aggressive lint cleaning treatment upon nep formation.
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Progress 01/01/84 to 12/30/84
Outputs
Twenty-nine (29) high fiber strength germplasm sources has been submitted for release. Yield deficiencies are associated with this germplasm. Other lines are being developed exhibiting strengths in excess of 28 gms/tex that combine high fiber quality with stormproof boll conformation, plant types suited to stripper harvesting, improved lint percentage and early crop maturity. Thirty-six (36) hybrids originating from TAES breeding materials were yield tested. Data analyses are incomplete for yield. Fertility restoration ranged from 85-100% with 30 hybrids showing complete fertility restoration. Preliminary data indicate that cytoplasmic genes may exhibit some influence upon the response of hybrids. Data are not conclusive concerning the effects of cytoplasmic genes upon drought tolerance. Glandless germplasms are being developed for use in hybrids and with improved fiber quality. Six (6) lines are being increased for germplasm release.
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Progress 01/01/83 to 12/30/83
Outputs
The 104 F(2) populations combining superior fiber quality, stormproof boll type and early crop maturity are being selected for acceptable fiber and agronomic characteristics. These plant selections will be grown as progeny rows in 1984 for further evaluation. The remainder of the 700 cross pollination combinations made in 1982 were self pollinated in 1983 and will be handled as F(2) populations in 1984. Flowering data from the hybrid cotton cytoplasm study indicate some cytoplasmic responses. This study will be repeated in 1984. A study was initiated in the greenhouse in 1983 to determine the cytoplasmic effects on the inheritance of drought tolerance. Seed should be available for field evaluation in 1984.
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Progress 01/01/82 to 12/30/82
Outputs
Approximately 700 cross pollination combinations were made among lines exhibiting superior fiber properties (length, length uniformity, strength and/or micronaire). Cross pollinations also were made between lines exhibiting early crop maturity and superior fiber quality. These materials will be evaluated at F(2)'s in 1983. A study to determine the effect of cytoplasm in hybrid cotton research was initiated in 1982. This study should define the cytoplasmic effects utilizing serval 'A', 'B' and 'R' lines, and will be evaluated in 1983. Ultraviolet photographs of numerous 'A', 'B' and 'R' lines indicate that the primary differences among several divergent lines are pollen density and size of the 'stamen tree'. These are preliminary data and the study will be continued in 1983.
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Progress 01/01/81 to 12/30/81
Outputs
A severe hailstorm on July 4, 1981, delayed certain phases of this project. Thedevelopment of breeding lines with divergent bract size was impaired only from the standpoint of seed production. All of the remaining breeding lines were harvested to have ample seed supplies for evaluation in 1982. The glandless breeding program at Halfway was not hail damaged. Approximately 50 F(1)'s were harvested for selection in the F(2) generation in 1982. Seventy-four (74) of our experimental glandless lines and 7 commercial lines were evaluated in a glandless yield trial. The average of the test was 280 pounds of lint per acre. One of our experimental lines exhibited the highest yield at 540 pounds of lint per acre. A test at Wolfforth, Texas was conducted utilizing 65 experimental strains and 6 commercial varieties to determine tolerance to the Fusarium wilt-nematode complex. Yield data have not been completed on this test. Approximately 250 individual plant selections
were made for further evaluation in 1982.
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Progress 01/01/80 to 12/30/80
Outputs
Selection of high fiber strength materials possessing acceptable levels of stormproofness was continued in the F(4) generation of several lines. The minimum strength allowed was 28.0 grams/tex. Most of the plant selections exceeded 30.0 grams/tex. Continued selection among lines for frego bract, divergent size of normal bracts, and extremely compact bolls has resulted in some promising materials to assist with the problem of controlling byssinosis. Seventy (70) test crosses of potential fertility restoring lines are being grown in the greenhouse for fertility evaluations. Thirty-five (35) cotton hybrids from four (4) commercial operations were evaluated in a test with three (3) adapted varieties. None of the hybrids exceeded the commercial varieties in lint yield. Ten (10) glandless cultivars in a yield trial at halfway averaged 597 pounds of lint per acre. The yields ranged from 324 to 693 pounds of lint per acre. The maximum yield in the test was 1027 pounds of
lint per acre on Tamcot SP-21S. Approximately 400 crosses were made in efforts to develop and improve glandless cultivars. Seventy-two progeny rows of glandless cultivars were evaluated for yield and fiber properties.
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Progress 01/01/79 to 12/30/79
Outputs
From an F(3) of high fiber strength x stormproof parents, 40% of the selections of productive, early stormproof plants had fiber strengths of 32.0 to 36.7 g/tex. Advanced stormproof, early maturing lines with fiber length in excess of 32 mm (2.5% span length) have been developed. Selections for trash reduction to alleviate the byssinossis problem involved frego bract, small bract and compact boll characters. Some progress is being made in selecting for productive stormproof types with the frego bract, but their performance is erratic. Average bract size of the small bract selections was 4.3 cm 2 compared to 9.4 cm 2 for two check varieties. This was only the second cycle in the compact boll material. Twenty-three hybrids, all but one with CMS cytoplasm, were tested along with 3 adapted varieties. Although none of the hybrids exceeded two of the varieties in yield, the yields of 8 hybrids were not significantly different from the highest yielding variety. Pollen
shed from hybrids with G. barbadense restorers was excellent but variable with G. hirsutum restorers. The male sterile cytoplasm is being transferred to a number of breeding lines. The 3rd or 4th backcross has been made in most of these. Test crosses of some early generation G. hirsutum restorer lines have given excellent fertility. At Lubbock poor pollen shed is generally found in the latter part of the season in upland varieties.
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